JP3364803B2 - Paper and waste plastic processing - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for treating waste plastics, paper wastes which may contain waste plastics, or irregular shaped materials such as processed papers or wastes, and volume reduction or pulverization of wastes, It makes reprocessing and reuse clean and advantageous.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Processing of plastic scraps and the like was often collected and landfilled, but in recent years, the number of landfills has decreased, which has become a problem. Therefore, incineration and recycling are mainly used, but since waste plastics are generally bulky, the costs for collection, intermediate storage, transportation, etc. are high, and it is difficult to accumulate them and use them economically with large equipment. It was Such difficulties in transportation can be solved by consolidation, but it is not easy and it is not possible to be unclean at home. For this reason, it was conventionally thought that melting was necessary to reduce the volume of waste plastic. However, it requires special equipment, consumes a lot of heat, is expensive, and has many problems. In the case of waste plastic, general waste that is compressed in a large-sized cylinder at room temperature expands after compression due to the elastic recovery phenomenon, and it is difficult to bind the waste, so that it is not used effectively. JP-A-3-3091
8 was abandoned at 120-180 ° C and 250-400g / cm ² .
It heats waste from the surroundings and heats it into blocks.
The case, an internal softening melting molding around but not melted diameter 2
For a 5 cm cylinder, 1 for every 500 cm ² cross section
It weighs 25 to 200 kg. As a result of research, this pressure
Plastic micro gaps to hot walls, high viscosity at relatively low temperatures
It is thought to resist the force of adhesion and high shear strength
It was found that carbonization tends to occur and it is difficult to make a compact device.
This reversely prevents sliding by making the side wall the main heating surface.
It turned out to be a harm. JP-A-48-911
72 holding one form by softening and melting a molded product outer surface Monodea
It JP-A-49-68562 , JP-A-50-14168
2. Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-17994 and the like are kneaders or extruders.
Similarly, reduce the volume at distributed sources such as households.
Was expensive and difficult to implement. Also, bulky waste plastics and rubber made it difficult to collect, transport, transport and put them into combustion furnaces and pyrolysis furnaces. It was difficult to melt the mixture of plastic and paper waste, and it was usually incinerated or landfilled. Paper processed with polyethylene etc. returns to its original volume with elasticity like plastic even when compressed. In the processing of elastic waste plastic such as polyurethane bumper and rubber, it is generally difficult to crush and melt volume reduction processing due to its rigidity and elasticity. It was crazy. It was difficult to burn the material that was solidified by melting and solidifying. Further, the paper and plastic used for packaging and transporting foods are always filthy because they have an offensive odor or dusty odor.

[0003]

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention
Intersect with the compression direction of the pushing surface in Wish Showa 63-37759)
The waste plastic or waste paper on the heating surface in the direction
We proposed a processing device that compresses more and heats the volume. Starting
Ming is virtually kneaded without melting the surface or inner surface
Sided heating or single-sided heating and the upper surface Place the waste in two planes arranged <br/> therebetween so as to face the compression surface at which the process without requiring Ri is compressed in the heating or heat retaining surface, at the same time desirably molded It is then packaged or crushed to reduce the volume and, if necessary, further post-treated. In addition, it can be processed relatively easily with little heat consumption regardless of the scale of accumulation, and can be stored or processed without emitting a bad odor under the condition that waste plastic used for food packaging that easily emits a dust odor or paper can be included. In order to improve the overall handling and improve the appearance by compressing and reducing the volume easily and with high safety and, if necessary, compressing in the bag, or further subsequent crushing, combustion, thermal decomposition, reprocessing. It is also intended to simplify the equipment and operation of, and reduce the odor and cleanliness of all steps of the process. But also to reduce the volume by the same heating and pressurizing in the processing of those containing wastepaper or miscellaneous, processes these simple,
Allows storage and transportation.

[0004]

[Means for Solving the Problems] Paper or waste plastic itself has a small specific heat per bulk volume, poor thermal conductivity, and has a large bulk, but the weight is surprisingly small. And, the present invention has been reached by researching a method for preventing an offensive odor. It is easy to heat and soften a small piece of plastic in the laboratory and then to deform it with force. However, there is no known method or possibility to treat bulky waste plastic from the kitchen or commercial counter as much as it is generated on the spot, therefore it is as convenient and economical as expanded polystyrene. However, some even stopped using it because they could not find a simple processing method. Also,
Those with an offensive odor retain the offensive odor even if they are melt-processed, and it has not been known how to prevent the offensive odor and to easily perform compression processing. In the present invention, the equipment and operation are performed by heating in a treatment room having sufficient heat insulation and the required airtightness, and then heat-storing for a long time in a device capable of compressing in a disposal container in the same treatment room, or by heat compression treatment. It makes it possible to store garbage cleanly in a small space, and to carry out transportation and disposal rationally. Bulky deposits are breathable and are easily cooled by drafts. The present invention heat-insulates the surroundings, or heat-insulates the waste plastic itself, uniformly heats the material to the required temperature over a period of time in a processing chamber where leakage of hot air is limited, and then immediately compresses or slowly heats while pressurizing, and then The method is to uniformly heat the resin to the required temperature without adding or adding waste plastic, and then immediately or immediately recompress it manually or automatically for processing.

Waste plastics and the like can be arbitrarily added when needed, and even if the required temperature is not reached, if the wastes are compressed and elastically stored in the processing unit, the waste plastics and the like are already heat treated. You can enter The heating and heating can be automatically performed, and the heating can be performed in a unit of ¼ hour or overnight, and when the temperature reaches a predetermined temperature, the temperature can be automatically notified and the compression can be easily performed manually, or this may be automatically performed. At this time, since the object to be treated itself is adiabatic in a deposited state, it is reversed, and the object that is heated and compressed has a relatively improved heat transfer property.
It becomes possible to perform heat treatment while adding. That is, when processing on a small scale, it is surprisingly easy to put a small amount into the apparatus per time . For example, the thickness per cycle is 0.002 cm, width 25 × length 35 cm (about 1.8
In case of polyethylene bag of g), about 0.02 as garbage
The bulk is L, and the bulk specific gravity is about 0.01. When processing this, 0.01 kg / cm ² at room temperature pressurization of 0.
045, 0.09 kg / cm ² pressure, 0.09,
It is easily compressed to 0.25 with a pressure of 0.1 kg / cm ² . However, due to its elasticity, it almost returns to its original state when the pressure is removed. This is close to the actual situation of household garbage collection points. If the container is packed in a container and the initial thickness is 100 mm, it will be 20 mm after compression, and the heat insulating property will be reduced and it will be thin, so the heating effect will be improved. When heated to 120 to 160 ° C., the synergistic effect facilitates compaction to about 10 mm or less, and further suppresses return due to elastic recovery. (On the other hand, the contact conduction effect is small even if heated on the non-pressurized surface,
When the temperature is higher than 0 ° C, the radiative heat transfer becomes large, and the heat of fusion is not required in the present invention, so that it can be effectively used for heating and softening. It is also possible to apply pressure from the opposite side through the waste plastic to the heating surface).
Natural or forced convection may be added. The empty bulk specific gravity of the plastic or foamed plastic sheet food container is also 0.01-0.02, which can be reduced to 0.1-0.2 after the treatment. Therefore, the mixed dust can be consolidated to 0.1-0.2.

[0006] In this way, the volume of waste plastic is reduced or consolidated without substantially melting it or by partially melting or adhering it. This has not been considered in the past with a waste plastic bulk film or foam that was considered to be a poor conductor of heat. Heating over time to prevent overheating,
It was found that a slight heat loss was a problem, and the problem was that heating was not performed to a required temperature in a portion with a large heat loss. This is not only not self-consolidated, but relatively thick sheet containers, etc. have poor heat insulation and have a lot of space.
Since the temperature rises slowly and is often cooled during pressurization, a bridge is formed, which becomes an obstacle to consolidation. It is speculated that this is the reason why the conventional small-scale non-melting heat compression treatment could not be performed. The same can be said for wastes accumulated in large quantities. In this case, since the deposited waste itself can also serve as the heat insulating structure on the side surface, the heating and consolidation treatment can be similarly performed on the piled-up waste, the truck bed or the silo of a size corresponding thereto. When the processed product becomes large,
There is a size limitation due to the convenience of transportation and post-treatment, and it is convenient to make the processing apparatus as large as it can be housed, and it is preferable to reduce the thickness and push it into the processing section. The distance between the heat transfer side walls or the space above and below the heating wall is 500 mm or less, especially 250 mm
From the viewpoint of heat transfer and handling, it is preferable to use a thick plate hot press.

The present invention includes a device (1) a heating element and a conductor inner wall, a heat retaining wall (2) a heating or heat retaining wall for insertion or exterior,
(3) Compression mechanism If necessary, a pre-compression mechanism for externally mounting waste plastic or a scraping mechanism, and a pressurizing body (for example, a pushing plate or a piston) that may also serve as a heating means are provided.
(4) Consists of a lid or bell-shaped structure that substantially prevents air leaks, and the heating part gives heat to the bulky waste plastic in the container by contact or non-contact (radiant heat, hot air blowing surface) Uniform heating to the weighted deformation temperature of the waste plastic, and continuous or when necessary pressure is applied by a pressurizing body which may be a heating surface to a convenient semi-molding surface. Etc. The invention may vary, but at a relatively low temperature, for example 60-160 ° C, in particular about 90-150 ° C, for a relatively long time, for example 0.5-24, while maintaining a continuously controlled temperature. The problem was solved by taking a time-consuming method. At this time, the processing temperature can be automatically adjusted by detecting the temperature and volume reduction rate of the waste plastic. The heating intensity can be increased at the beginning of the treatment and then decreased, or vice versa. This may be automatic, or temperature, time, and pressure may be set in advance. However, in any case, the temperature of the waste plastic on the heating surface side needs to be controlled to be equal to or lower than its decomposition temperature, and for this reason, gentle heating is performed. To prevent overheating, a heat medium, a latent heat storage medium having a melting point near the heating temperature may be used, or a known temperature control mechanism such as an electric rice cooker may be used. A known heating element such as an embedded heater, a sheathed heater, or a radiant heater can be used, but the far-infrared heater or its radiating surface has an advantage that it can transmit heat through a plastic film that can be used in a waste container.

The heat retaining skirt is used for heating, and also retains heat for a long time and reduces heat loss due to leakage of warm air and prevents odor emission. If a local circulation system for air or enclosed gas is incorporated into the heat retaining skirt, a deodorizing function can be added in the middle of the system to facilitate prevention of odor emission due to thermal expansion. It is possible to provide a communication port between the heat generating part having an oxidative deodorizing action and a self-cleaning action and the processing chamber, or similarly use the inner wall surface for odor decomposition. Avoiding overheating and rapid heating is advantageous for the contact action. A local circulation system for heating or deodorization can be provided. Further, if a cooling system is provided, it becomes possible to trap liquid components such as water. (The tip of the trap may be a drain pipe or an exhaust pipe. Of course, if odors and harmful substances do not leak, it is safe to omit the cooling system and trap. Of temperature control and use of non-combustible materials). The pressurizing and heating surface may have a shallow edge, but it is preferable to attach a skirt from the viewpoint of improving heating efficiency. Although well-known methods can be used for heat insulation, non-combustible materials such as glass wool are preferable for safety, and those with good heat insulation such as using vacuum effectively heat waste plastic, which is originally heat insulating, from the viewpoint of heat economy. Is advantageous. A relatively high heat insulating material and an inexpensive material may be combined. Even with expanded polystyrene, a heating temperature of 120 ° C. or lower is sufficient. If time and pressure are applied, the space can be filled with 100 ° C. or lower, and the cell structure can be partially collapsed up to 160 ° C. Similarly, for polypropylene, polyurethane, polyester, etc., heating at about 150 ° C is required, but as already mentioned, there is no need for melting to reduce the volume, and it is less than that for household treatment mainly for food packaging plastics. It is sufficient and has an advantage that it is lower than the conventional processing temperature. 16
Above 0-170 ° C, plastics are not suitable because they are prone to thermal decomposition especially in air. Therefore, the maximum temperature of the system is 1
It is preferable to control the temperature below 60 ° C, and usually 1
1 / 3-1 / by operating below 40-150 ℃
A feature of the present invention is that the purpose of volume reduction can be achieved up to about 10 and such heating is facilitated by the present invention.
There is little generation of deposits or offensive odors due to decomposition, and less volatilization of stabilizers, etc., thus facilitating the prevention of odors.

Moreover, the product thus treated has a high filling rate and is convenient for transportation and storage, and unlike the product treated by the melt-solidification method, it is easily crushed and contains air, so
The surface temperature rises rapidly during heating, ignition is easy, and it can be directly charged into a conventional combustion furnace, and it is also suitable for combustion in a fluidized bed and thermal decomposition treatment. In particular, it is easy to put it in the furnace with the rotary valve as it is, and it is easy to crush and disperse in the furnace. The compression load varies depending on the heating temperature and the type of waste plastic, but 0.001-2 kg / cm ² can be applied to the heating surface, the pressing surface or the waste plastic. A suitable device shape is about 250 × 210 × 100 mm or more, and it is convenient to mainly fit it on a plastic tray. When applied to a relatively small-sized, for example, household or small-scale industrial processing machine, it is preferable that the removal is particularly easy. For this purpose, it is convenient to use a plastic bag as a waste container. is there. In the present invention, it has been found that even heat-resistant plastic can be heated and compressed through the thin wall of this plastic waste bag. That is, even if the highest temperature part of heating is fused to the contents, the treated plastic waste can be easily taken out from the processing machine together with the bag without recovering the strength and losing the function as a bag due to the temperature drop. . The device according to the present invention can avoid unnecessary melting even if there is partial welding due to heat insulation, and this consumes less energy such as electric power, and therefore is constantly or intermittently interrupted as necessary to kill at 60 ° C or more.
As it can be easily kept at the bacterium or sterilization temperature ,
There is an advantage that dust odor and rotten odor can be prevented. Conventionally, it was thought that the smell of dust was generated violently by heating, but it can be prevented by heating immediately after disposal. Furthermore, since the present invention is easy to increase in size and mechanization,
Waste plastic containing materials such as those in large silos can be safely processed in the same manner.

[0010]

[Embodiment 1] In FIG. 1, when waste plastic is put into the high-density polyethylene bag 4 inserted in the processing chamber 5 and the lid 6 is closed, the electric heat 21 is automatically switched on and the heat transfer surface 20
And the sidewall heat transfer surface 23 that is thermally connected to the heat transfer surface 20.
To heat. This temperature is 160 ° C due to the temperature detection end 26.
It is adjusted below the neighborhood. When the waste plastic comes into contact with the heat transfer surface 20, it is heated by heat conduction and radiant heat transfer when it is piled up, and is heated by radiant heat transfer when there is a space. Alternatively, the surface 26 may be a heat insulation surface. The effect of the present invention can be best exhibited by forming at least the upper portion with less heat loss. For example, when the temperature of the bottom heating surface 7 of an empty device is adjusted to 150 ° C. and waste plastic is put in next, the surface temperature is temporarily 16
It exceeded 0 ° C. This shows a large heat loss in the vacant room and indicates the heat insulating property of the object to be treated. Therefore, it is preferable to have a function of lowering the control temperature to a lower temperature when it is empty, preferably to a low temperature necessary for sterilization if possible, and automatically or manually setting a predetermined temperature after charging. In this way, the bottom heating surface 7
Is heated by the electric heat 8, and the temperature is set to 1 by the detection end 15.
It is heated to a fusion temperature of about 60 ° C. or lower. The waste plastic is slowly heated to the softening or deformation temperature through the heating surface 7, the inner wall 2, and the heat-resistant bag, for example, the high-density polyethylene bag 4, which is a waste container, through the film wall of the bag.

The side wall of the inner wall 4 is a heat transfer wall or a heat retaining / heating wall. The bottom portion of the inner wall 2 may also serve as the heating surface 7.
In the case of the figure, it is made relatively thick for uniform heating. The side wall 2 is thinner than the bottom plate 7, and is made of a heat conductive material,
It is convenient to increase the cross-sectional area in the extraction direction in order to facilitate the detachment by facilitating the heating or heat retention (prevention of heat loss) by heat conduction from the heating surface and also serving as a case for molding the object to be treated. By making the side wall temperature a little lower than the heating surface, damage of the waste bag is prevented and detachment is facilitated. In the case of a vertically long processing chamber, the side wall can be used as a heating surface. If the bottom surface is heated, the maximum surface temperature can be suppressed to a low level and the efficiency can be increased. The upper surface can be heated or kept warm in a non-contact manner by using radiant rays having good penetrating power such as infrared rays and far infrared rays. Windows or windows in the glass wall or center may be used. Also in this case, the temperature detecting end 26 can be used at an appropriate measuring point to prevent overheating. The heating surface 20 gives conductive heat to the auxiliary surface 23, and the heat insulating layer 24 improves heating efficiency by shielding the heat rays and hot air, and further prevents the waste bag from being damaged by heat.

Pressing may be performed by hand pushing with an appropriate tool after heating, but in FIG. 1, the latches 41 and 42 may be removed and the lever 27 may be pushed by hand to consolidate. The lever 27 and the spring 40 can be used both for drawing the heating surface into the lid 6 and for consolidating. The use of levers and springs is convenient for manual operation of small machines, and in the case of automation, screws, pneumatic pressure, hydraulic pressure, and other known means can be used. Reference numeral 45 indicates a structure in which the push rod 49 can be extended by screwing or the like. 16 indicates the already consolidated layer,
Reference numeral 17 designates a bulky layer of new waste plastic which is being heated by radiation from the heating surfaces 20 and 16 and conductive heat transfer. In this apparatus, waste plastic was charged to the mouth, pressure was applied with a weight or spring, and the temperature was controlled and heated to 150 ° C. from the bottom of the apparatus by electric heat. Two hours later, when pressure was applied by hand, a disc-shaped waste plastic compact having a height of 4 cm and a diameter of 18 cm was obtained. The bulk specific gravity was about 0.29. Before treatment it was 0.029. Instead of heating from the top, a plastic film was placed on the top in a bulky manner, and the same operation was performed as a heat insulating layer. After heating for 4 hours, it was compressed and the bulk specific gravity was 0.22, although the results were poor, but the volume could be reduced. In any case, the molding could be taken out with the waste bag. However, the bag was fused with the waste plastic lump at the bottom depending on the conditions, but there was no problem in handling.
But it goes without saying that it can be packaged further.

[0013]

Embodiment 2 FIG. 2 shows a processing apparatus having a pair of processing chambers 5 and 55 which can be used alternately. The heater 8 is common to both chambers, and the good heat transfer heating surface 7 is connected. The sidewall heat transfer surface 2 is made of a good heat conductor. One upper heating device 6 is provided for each pair of processing chambers and is used for heating and for loading waste plastic. Reference numeral 46 is a rail that smoothes the movement of 6 and supports pressure when pressure is applied, and 48 is a temporary lid that can be opened and closed. 47 is a stopper for 6. In this example, the heat transfer surface 20 that also serves as a push plate is driven by a motor 27. Reference numeral 45 is a drive rod in which a female screw and a male screw are combined, and the device is downsized. For this mechanism, for example, the one shown in FIGS. 12, 21 and 22 of Japanese Patent Application No. 2-418189 (priority claim 3 / 5.31) can be used. Both of the processing chambers of the apparatus may be used for processing and storing waste plastic, or one or both of them may be used for processing paper waste. A similar device can be used to heat-insulate the partition wall and control the heater 8 independently for each chamber according to the contents and operation cycle to save energy. The lid 48 may be a heat insulating lid or a heater.

[0014]

Third Embodiment Although the outer shape is almost the same, it is possible to use a mere table instead of the processing chamber 5 in FIG. 2 as a storage space, which has an advantage of facilitating the handling of the upper heating device 6.

Example 4 A heater provided with a skirt composed of a heating fin 22 and a heat insulating layer 23 for not letting hot air escape is placed on the object to be processed by hand and heated under pressure, and then compressed by the same hand or weight. This is an example. It is easy to prevent the plastic bag for disposal from overheating.

Fifth Embodiment FIG. 4 shows an example in which processing chambers are two-dimensionally arranged . Although the processed product can be taken out by opening the side wall, it may be taken out by opening the bottom and pushing from the top. In the latter, it is convenient to place the device on a pedestal. It can be used to process bulk aggregates.

[0015]

As described above, according to the present invention, after the paper or waste plastic is discarded, it is heated at a temperature below the fusing temperature in the heating / heat-retaining container for a long time and compressed before the offensive odor is generated. The volume can be easily reduced to less than 1/3, which not only saves the waste storage area but also keeps cleanliness and reduces the transportation volume.
It also enables transportation by ordinary vehicles. Further, the waste of food packaging can be treated without generating dusty odor, and no offensive odor is generated after the treatment. Furthermore, the inside of the device can be maintained cleanly by continuously or intermittently maintaining the temperature above the sterilization temperature for a required time.

[0016]

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of the device.

FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of an apparatus in which a plurality of processing chambers are provided and the upper heating is movable.

FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a mold in which an upper heater is manually placed on an object to be processed in a processing chamber.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of a plurality of processing chamber compartments.

FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view of a thick plate hot press.

[0017]

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 28 Device outer wall, 2 Device inner wall, (heat transfer wall) 3, 24, 30 Insulation material 4 Disposable plastic containers (bags) 5 processing room 7, 20 Heat transfer wall 8,21 heater 15, 26 Temperature detection end 24 Thermal insulation 27 Pressurizing lever 50 fulcrums

Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI B09B 3/00 303Z

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A waste material containing paper or waste plastic is placed between a pair of opposed heating and compression surfaces of a unit processing chamber without or in a container, and the contact surface between the waste material and the heating surface is 170 ° C. Less than 60 ℃, keep it above the side wall
Partial fusion of the waste plastic or container on the surface of the molding is allowed but the entire surface is maintained without melting or is discarded.
While heating the waste to a deformation temperature without elastic recovery of the paper, apply a pressure of 1 gram weight or more and less than 250 gram weight per square centimeter for a required time or more, and compress the waste without kneading it to waste.
Plastic or container does not substantially entirely melted, paper quality real
Paper or waste plastic processing method that compresses without thermal decomposition . 2. Each section has a heating surface or
May be a thin chamber surrounded by an insulating surface
In the processing equipment of several processing chambers , (1) 170 heating surfaces
Plastic with less elastic recovery below 60 ° C
Or heating element of contact or non-contact heating that keeps at the deformation temperature of paper , or oxidative deodorizing action through the vent, self-cleaning
Heating surface or heat generating part , (2) side wall or heat retaining side wall that keeps the temperature below the melting temperature of plastic, or the wall inside or outside of which the heating element is inserted or kept below the melting temperature , A heating or heat-retaining side wall that is maintained at a temperature at which elastic recovery does not occur , (3) a compression mechanism that applies a compressive force of 1 gram weight or more per square centimeter, and a pair of opposed pressurizing bodies that may also serve as heating or heat-retaining means. comprising a combination of (4) other than vent is confined mechanism substantially hot gaseous air leakage preventing cover, a heating function and
A paper or plastic containing waste treatment device comprising one or more selections , combinations of enclosing lids, lids or scart structures that are pressure or heating surfaces . 3. A single chamber or a plurality of chambers in which each processing object is treated or charged every time it is heated, and the newly introduced processing object is surrounded by a heating surface or a heat insulating surface. Above the deformation temperature but below the fusion temperature
Alternatively, the paper or plastic-containing waste treatment device according to claim 2, which is brought into contact with a heating surface maintained below a thermal decomposition temperature . 4. The method for treating paper or waste plastic according to claim 1, wherein the container is made of paper , plastic film or plastic sheet.