JP3342985B2 - How to convert general waste into solid fuel - Google Patents
How to convert general waste into solid fuelInfo
- Publication number
- JP3342985B2 JP3342985B2 JP12961895A JP12961895A JP3342985B2 JP 3342985 B2 JP3342985 B2 JP 3342985B2 JP 12961895 A JP12961895 A JP 12961895A JP 12961895 A JP12961895 A JP 12961895A JP 3342985 B2 JP3342985 B2 JP 3342985B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- sieve
- garbage
- solid fuel
- component
- waste
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 title claims description 39
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title description 10
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 33
- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010849 combustible waste Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N cocaine Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@@H](N2C)[C@H]1C(=O)OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021190 leftovers Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101150076749 C10L gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006298 dechlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011345 viscous material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Landscapes
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、一般の家庭からでる
廃棄物（以下、「一般ゴミ」という）から固形燃料（Ｒ
ＤＦと略称される）を得るための、一般ゴミの固形燃料
化方法に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for converting solid waste (hereinafter referred to as "general waste") from general households into solid fuel (R).
(Abbreviated as DF) to convert general waste into a solid fuel.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】可燃廃棄物の処理技術として、従来、可
燃廃棄物から発電の燃料等に利用される固形燃料を製造
することが行なわれている。図２は、従来の可燃廃棄物
の固形燃料化工程の一例を示す工程図である。図２に示
すように、従来技術では、(1)で示す可燃廃棄物からな
る原料を、 (2)工程で破砕し、 (3)工程で金属を除去す
るために磁力選別等の処理を行ない、次いで、製造後の
固形燃料から発生する塩化水素ガス（ＨＣｌガス）を低
減するために、通常、 (3)工程と (4)工程との間におい
て、原料に所定の (7)添加剤を添加する。この後、原料
を所定の固形燃料成形工程に供する。即ち、 (4)工程で
乾燥し、次いで、 (5)工程で減容・固化し、そして、
(6) 固形燃料化する。（以下、「先行技術１」とい
う）。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a technique for treating combustible waste, a solid fuel used as a fuel for power generation and the like has been produced from combustible waste. FIG. 2 is a process chart showing an example of a conventional process for converting combustible waste into solid fuel. As shown in FIG. 2, in the prior art, the raw material consisting of combustible waste shown in (1) is crushed in step (2), and a process such as magnetic separation is performed to remove metal in step (3). Then, in order to reduce the hydrogen chloride gas (HCl gas) generated from the solid fuel after production, usually, a predetermined (7) additive is added to the raw material between the steps (3) and (4). Added. Thereafter, the raw material is subjected to a predetermined solid fuel forming step. That is, it is dried in step (4), then reduced in volume and solidified in step (5), and
(6) Convert to solid fuel. (Hereinafter referred to as “prior art 1”).
【０００３】また、可燃廃棄物の固形燃料化技術とし
て、特公昭６２−８２３６号公報に、廃棄物から繊維物
質および粒状物質を製造する方法および装置が提案され
ている（以下、「先行技術２」という）。As a technology for converting combustible waste into solid fuel, Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-8236 proposes a method and an apparatus for producing fibrous and granular materials from waste (hereinafter referred to as "prior art 2"). ").
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】先行技術１では、 (2)
の破砕工程において、厨芥を含めた全量の破砕が行われ
ている。しかしながら、本発明で処理しようとする一般
ゴミには、湿重量基準で３０〜４０％の厨芥が含まれて
おり、しかも、該厨芥は細粒（２０〜３０ｍｍ程度）の
ものが約８０％を占めているため破砕の必要はほとんど
ない。むしろ、残飯のように粘性のある物質は破砕が混
練効果として作用し、該物質が破砕機の刃の上で滞留
し、詰まりによるトラブルの原因となっている。このよ
うに、先行技術１では、破砕工程での厨芥の処理につい
て大きな問題があり、厨芥を多く含む一般ゴミに適した
固形燃料化方法とはいえない。[Problems to be solved by the invention] In prior art 1, (2)
In the crushing process, the entire amount of crushed food, including kitchen waste, is crushed. However, the general garbage to be treated in the present invention contains 30 to 40% of kitchen garbage on a wet weight basis, and about 80% of the kitchen garbage is fine (about 20 to 30 mm). There is almost no need for crushing because it occupies. Rather, viscous substances such as leftovers cause crushing to act as a kneading effect, and the substances stay on the blades of the crusher, causing troubles due to clogging. As described above, in the prior art 1, there is a large problem in the treatment of kitchen waste in the crushing step, and it cannot be said that this is a solid fuel conversion method suitable for general garbage containing a large amount of kitchen waste.
【０００５】また、固形燃料は、燃料としての品質面で
発熱量を上げることが大切であるため、乾燥が重要であ
り、即ち、製品となる固形燃料の湿重量当たりの発熱量
を高くするためには、乾燥を行ない水分を少なくするこ
とが必要である。更に、長期保存の固形燃料の腐敗を防
止し、悪臭を発生させないため、ならびに、微生物およ
び黴の繁殖を防止するためにも乾燥は重要な要素であ
る。このため、先行技術１では、破砕した一般ゴミの全
量を乾燥機で乾燥しているため、乾燥機の負荷が大き
く、乾燥コストが著しく高いという問題があった。[0005] Further, since it is important to increase the calorific value of the solid fuel in terms of quality as a fuel, drying is important, that is, in order to increase the calorific value per wet weight of the solid fuel as a product. It is necessary to reduce the moisture by drying. In addition, drying is an important factor in preventing long-term storage of solid fuel from spoiling and generating odor, and also in order to prevent the growth of microorganisms and molds. For this reason, in prior art 1, since the whole amount of the crushed general garbage is dried by the dryer, there is a problem that the load on the dryer is large and the drying cost is extremely high.
【０００６】先行技術２においても、一般ゴミに関する
上述した先行技術１が有すると同様の問題を解決できな
い。The prior art 2 cannot solve the same problem as the above-mentioned prior art 1 relating to general dust.
【０００７】従って、この発明の目的は、一般ゴミか
ら、品質の優れた固形燃料を、高効率且つ低コストで得
ることができる、一般ゴミの固形燃料化方法を提供する
ことにある。[0007] Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for converting general waste into solid fuel, which can obtain high quality solid fuel from general waste at high efficiency and at low cost.
【０００８】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】請求項１記載の発明は、
厨芥、紙、プラスチック、金属を含む一般ゴミを一次破
砕し、次いで、一次破砕した前記一般ゴミから鉄類を磁
力選別により除去し、次いで、鉄類を除去した残りのゴ
ミ成分を、所定の篩目によって厨芥を主体とする篩下成
分と、残余の篩上成分とに篩分けし、次いで、篩下成分
に生石灰および消石灰のうちのいずれか１つを添加し
て、混合し、一方、篩上成分を前記篩目とほぼ同等の粒
度に二次破砕し、次いで、篩下成分および篩上成分を混
合し、次いで、固形燃料に成形することに特徴を有する
ものである。According to the first aspect of the present invention,
Primary crushing of general garbage including kitchen waste, paper, plastic, and metal, then removing irons from the primary crushed general garbage by magnetic separation, and then removing the remaining garbage components from which the irons have been removed by a predetermined sieve. It is sieved into the under-sieving component mainly composed of kitchen waste and the remaining on-sieving component by eyes, and then one of quicklime and slaked lime is added to the under-sieving component and mixed. It is characterized in that the upper component is secondarily crushed to a particle size substantially equal to that of the above-mentioned sieve, then the under-sieving component and the on-sieve component are mixed, and then formed into a solid fuel.
【０００９】請求項２記載の発明は、請求項１記載の発
明において、前記篩分けの篩目は、２０ｍｍ以上、３０
ｍｍ以下であることに特徴を有するものである。According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the sieve of the sieving is 20 mm or more and 30 mm or more.
mm or less.
【００１０】[0010]
【作用】家庭から排出される一般ゴミは、主として厨
芥、紙、プラスチック、金属等からなり、大半はゴミ袋
に詰められた状態で収集される。まず、一次破砕によっ
て、ゴミ袋を破砕し、袋内のゴミ成分をバラバラにする
とともに、各種容器類、段ボール、その他大型のゴミを
粗破砕する。次いで、後続工程の設備の機械的損傷を防
ぐために、鉄類を磁力選別機による磁力選別により除去
し、回収する。次いで、一般ゴミ中の主として厨芥を分
離するために、回転篩または振動篩を用いて篩分けを行
う。なお、この際の篩分けの篩目は、厨芥の粒度に応じ
て設定するが、一般の家庭ゴミの場合、２０ｍｍ以上、
３０ｍｍ以下の範囲で設定するのが適当である。The general garbage discharged from households is mainly composed of kitchen garbage, paper, plastic, metal, etc., and is mostly collected in garbage bags. First, a primary crusher crushes a garbage bag to separate garbage components in the bag, and roughly crushes various containers, cardboard, and other large garbage. Next, in order to prevent mechanical damage to equipment in a subsequent process, irons are removed and recovered by magnetic separation by a magnetic separator. Next, in order to mainly separate kitchen garbage in general garbage, sieving is performed using a rotary sieve or a vibrating sieve. In addition, although the sieve of the sieving at this time is set according to the particle size of kitchen garbage, in the case of general household waste,
It is appropriate to set the distance within a range of 30 mm or less.
【００１１】厨芥を主成分とする篩下成分には、生石灰
または消石灰を添加して混合する。これによって、下記
の効果が達成される。 (a) 生石灰または消石灰の添加により、厨芥のｐＨが高
まり、腐敗が防止される。 (b) 添加されたＣａ分は、固形燃料中に取り込まれ、燃
焼の際に、固形燃料中に含まれる塩化ビニル等に起因す
るＣｌ分と反応することによって、ＨＣｌの発生を防止
する。 (c) 生石灰を採用した場合には、厨芥中の水分と反応し
て、水分を減少させる。[0011] Quick lime or slaked lime is added to and mixed with the under-sieving component mainly composed of kitchen waste. Thereby, the following effects are achieved. (a) The addition of quicklime or slaked lime increases the pH of kitchen garbage and prevents spoilage. (b) The added Ca component is taken into the solid fuel and reacts with the Cl component caused by vinyl chloride and the like contained in the solid fuel during combustion, thereby preventing the generation of HCl. (c) When quicklime is used, it reacts with the water in the garbage to reduce the water.
【００１２】一方、主として紙、プラスチック等からな
る篩上成分は、前記篩目とほぼ同等の粒度に二次破砕す
る。これは、次の工程において、再び、篩下成分と混合
して固形燃料に成形するために、篩下成分とほぼ同等の
粒度に調整しておくことが望ましいからである。On the other hand, the on-screen components mainly composed of paper, plastic and the like are secondarily crushed to a particle size substantially equal to that of the sieve. This is because, in the next step, it is desirable to adjust the particle size to substantially the same as that of the under-sieving component in order to mix it with the under-sieving component again to form a solid fuel.
【００１３】[0013]
【実施例】次に、この発明を詳細に説明する。Next, the present invention will be described in detail.
【００１４】この発明の一般ゴミの固形燃料化方法は、
下記〜の工程からなっている。 原料として厨芥、紙、プラスチック、金属を含む一
般ゴミを使用する 一次破砕工程 金属除去工程 篩分け工程 篩上の原料（篩分けにより篩にかけられず残ったも
の）を二次破砕する工程 篩下の原料（篩分けにより篩にかけられたもの、主
として厨芥）に生石灰または消石灰を添加して混合する
工程 および工程を経たものを混合する工程 所定の固形燃料成形工程（乾燥、減容・固化）The method for converting solid waste into solid fuel according to the present invention comprises:
It comprises the following steps. Uses general garbage including kitchen waste, paper, plastic, and metal as raw materials Primary crushing process Metal removal process Sieving process Secondary crushing of raw material on sieve (remaining unsieved by sieving) Process under sieve The process of adding and mixing quicklime or slaked lime to raw materials (those sieved by sieving, mainly kitchen waste) and the process of mixing those that have passed through the process Solid fuel molding process (drying, volume reduction and solidification)
【００１５】次に、この発明の固形燃料化方法を、各工
程ごとに説明する。Next, the solid fuel conversion method of the present invention will be described for each step.
【００１６】 まず、固形燃料を製造する原料として
の、一般ゴミについて説明する。First, general waste as a raw material for producing a solid fuel will be described.
【００１７】可燃廃棄物には、家庭、農業、林業、有機
工業および／または産業廃棄物等種々あるが、本発明に
おいては、原料として家庭から出る一般ゴミを対象とす
る。一般ゴミの内容物（組成）には、残飯等の厨芥、
紙、プラスチック、木、布、ガラス、金属（鉄、アルミ
ニウム）、土砂等がある。更に、ゴミ回収用のビニール
等からなる袋、段ボール箱などもゴミの対象となる。こ
のような一般ゴミを、組成別に分別回収する地域もある
が、その普及度はまだまだである。従って、本発明にお
いては、一般ゴミには、これらの内容物が全て混入して
いることを想定しなければならない。本発明者らによ
る、設計上の組成想定値は、湿重量基準で、厨芥３０
％、紙４０％、プラスチック７％、木および布５％、ガ
ラス８％、金属（鉄、アルミニウム）４％、土砂その他
６％である。一般ゴミは、通常、ゴミ袋によって収集さ
れ、家庭では、厨芥類は台所で水切り後小袋に入れら
れ、大袋に他のゴミと一緒にゴミ集積場所に出されるた
め、水分豊富である。段ボール箱は、たまに出されるが
その数は少なく、収集手段の９９％は大袋である。There are various types of combustible waste, such as household, agriculture, forestry, organic industry and / or industrial waste. In the present invention, general garbage from households is used as a raw material. The contents (composition) of general garbage include kitchen waste such as leftovers,
There are paper, plastic, wood, cloth, glass, metal (iron, aluminum), earth and sand, etc. Furthermore, bags made of vinyl or the like for collecting garbage, cardboard boxes and the like are also targets for garbage. In some areas, such general garbage is separated and collected according to composition, but its dissemination has not yet been widespread. Therefore, in the present invention, it must be assumed that all of these contents are mixed in general garbage. The assumed compositional value in the design by the present inventors is based on the wet weight,
%, Paper 40%, plastic 7%, wood and cloth 5%, glass 8%, metal (iron, aluminum) 4%, earth and sand and other 6%. General garbage is usually collected in garbage bags, and at home, kitchen garbage is drained in the kitchen, placed in small bags, and put out in large bags together with other garbage at a garbage collection site, so that it is rich in water. Cardboard boxes are occasionally served, but the number is small, and 99% of collection means are large bags.
【００１８】 次に、一次破砕について説明する。Next, primary crushing will be described.
【００１９】一次破砕の目的は、原料を粗破砕しゴミ袋
を破砕することであり、その目標値は７５〜１００ｍｍ
程度である。従って、一次破砕には、２軸剪断式破砕機
を使用するとよい。原料は２軸剪断式破砕機の刃幅７５
〜１００ｍｍの２枚の刃の交錯により圧縮される。The purpose of the primary crushing is to roughly crush raw materials and crush garbage bags, and the target value is 75 to 100 mm.
It is about. Therefore, for primary crushing, a twin-shaft crusher may be used. The raw material is a blade width 75 of a twin-shaft crusher.
Compressed by crossing two blades of 〜100 mm.
【００２０】以下、一般ゴミの組成別に一次破砕状況を
説明する。 （ａ）大、小のゴミ袋は９８％程度が破袋される。破砕
というより破袋であり、ほとんど破けるといえる。 （ｂ）段ボールは、完全に破壊される。 （ｃ）金属、鉄、アルミニウムの大部分を占める缶類は
４０％程度切れるが、残りは潰れる程度で通過する。 （ｄ）一次破砕は基本的に圧縮破砕であるため、ガラス
はほぼ砕け、柔らかいものは刃の交差するところが切れ
るが、刃と刃との間に入ったものは圧縮されて通過す
る。従って、細くはならない。 （ｅ）木のような長物は、水平に入れば切れるが、垂直
に入るとそのまま通過する。 （ｆ）布は圧縮されるだけで、切れない。Hereinafter, the primary crushing state according to the composition of general waste will be described. (A) About 98% of large and small garbage bags are broken. It is more of a bag than a crush and can be almost broken. (B) The cardboard is completely destroyed. (C) Cans, which occupy most of metal, iron and aluminum, are cut by about 40%, but the rest pass through to the extent of being crushed. (D) for primary crushing is essentially compressed crushed, glass almost broken even is given off is at the intersection of the blade soft
That is, anything that enters between the blade and the blade going out through compressed. Therefore, it does not become thin. (E) A long object such as a tree is cut off when entering horizontally, but passes as it is when entering vertically. (F) The fabric is only compressed but not cut.
【００２１】 次に、金属除去について説明する。Next, metal removal will be described.
【００２２】(a) 原料中の鉄は公知の磁力選別によって
除去される。 (b) また、原料中のアルミニウムを公知のアルミ選別に
より除去する。なお、アルミ選別は、必要に応じて実施
すればよい。近年は、アルミニウム製の缶が増えてい
る。その他の金属は一般ゴミでは微量であり、考慮しな
くてよい。(A) Iron in the raw material is removed by a known magnetic separation. (b) Further, aluminum in the raw material is removed by known aluminum sorting. The aluminum sorting may be performed as needed. In recent years, aluminum cans have increased. Other metals are very small in general waste and need not be considered.
【００２３】 次に、篩分けについて説明する。Next, the sieving will be described.
【００２４】一次破砕された原料は、篩分けにかけられ
る。篩分けの目的は、二次破砕に供する原料から厨芥を
除去することである。厨芥は細粒（２０〜３０ｍｍ程
度）のものが約８０％を占めているためその大半は二次
破砕の必要がなく、むしろ、残飯のように粘性のある物
質は二次破砕が混練効果として作用し、該物質が二次破
砕機の刃の上で滞留し、詰まりによるトラブルの原因と
なる。篩分けにより篩にかけられるもの、即ち、篩下に
は、厨芥の他、土砂が含まれる。一方、篩にかけられな
いもの、即ち、篩上には、紙、プラスチック、ガラス、
木、布等がある。[0024] The primary crushed raw material is sieved. The purpose of sieving is to remove kitchen waste from the raw material that is subjected to secondary crushing. Most of the kitchen garbage is about 80% of fine grains (about 20-30mm), so there is no need for secondary crushing. Acting, the substance stays on the blades of the secondary crusher, causing troubles due to clogging. What is sieved by sieving, that is, under the sieve, includes not only kitchen waste but also earth and sand. On the other hand, those that cannot be sieved, that is, paper, plastic, glass,
There are wood, cloth, etc.
【００２５】篩分けには、振動篩または回転篩（トロン
メル篩）を使用するとよい。また、２ｔ／ｈ未満の処理
量のときは振動篩、それ以上の処理量のときは回転篩が
有効である。回転篩の篩目の形状は、四角より丸の方
が、プラスチックや布の引っ掛かりが少なく、清掃が容
易である。四角の場合は、目詰まりし易く大量処理に向
かない。篩目は、２０〜３０ｍｍの範囲内が好ましい。
篩目が３０ｍｍを超えると、篩下に紙、プラスチックの
混入が多くなる。なお、一次破砕後の原料の篩分けにお
いて、各組成毎の粒度分布の代表例を表１に示す。表１
から、厨芥をなるべく多く篩下とし、その他を篩上に残
すには、篩目が２０〜３０ｍｍの範囲内が好ましいこと
がわかる。なお、表１には金属が示されているが、本発
明では、篩分け工程の前工程に磁力選別、アルミ選別を
実施し、実際は篩分け時には金属を含んでいない。For sieving, a vibration sieve or a rotary sieve (trommel sieve) may be used. A vibrating sieve is effective when the throughput is less than 2 t / h, and a rotary sieve is effective when the throughput is more than 2 t / h. As for the shape of the mesh of the rotary sieve, the round shape is easier to clean because the plastic or cloth is less likely to be caught than the square shape. In the case of a square, it is easily clogged and is not suitable for mass processing. The sieve is preferably in the range of 20 to 30 mm.
When the sieve is more than 30 mm, the amount of paper and plastic mixed under the sieve increases. Table 1 shows a typical example of the particle size distribution of each composition in the sieving of the raw material after the primary crushing. Table 1
From this, it is understood that the sieve mesh is preferably in the range of 20 to 30 mm in order to make as much garbage under the sieve as possible and leave the rest on the sieve. In addition, although metals are shown in Table 1, in the present invention, magnetic separation and aluminum separation are performed in a step before the sieving step, and the sieving step does not actually include metals.
【００２６】[0026]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００２７】 次に、篩分けにより篩上に残った原料
の二次破砕について説明する。Next, the secondary crushing of the raw material remaining on the sieve after sieving will be described.
【００２８】篩分けによって篩上に残った、紙、プラス
チック、ガラス、木、布等の原料に対しては、二次破砕
が実施され、ここで粒度調整がなされる。篩上成分には
厨芥がほとんど含まれていないため、厨芥が二次破砕機
に悪影響を及ぼさず、厨芥残存による問題が発生せず、
効率良く二次破砕がなされる。二次破砕機には、下部ス
クリーンを備える、１軸回転刃式破砕機を用いるとよ
い。また、二次破砕後の原料を再び厨芥と混合するた
め、二次破砕粒度は、厨芥と同寸法の、２０〜３０ｍｍ
とする。二次破砕粒度を厨芥と同寸法に揃えることによ
り、後工程で、乾燥、減容・固化され製造される固形燃
料の品質が良好となるからである。従って、１軸剪断式
破砕機の刃幅は、２０〜３０ｍｍの範囲、下部スクリー
ンの篩目は２０〜３０ｍｍの寸法とする。The raw materials such as paper, plastic, glass, wood, cloth, etc. remaining on the sieve after sieving are subjected to secondary crushing, where the particle size is adjusted. Since the garbage is hardly contained in the sieve components, the garbage does not adversely affect the secondary crusher, and there is no problem due to the residual garbage.
Secondary crushing is performed efficiently. As the secondary crusher, a single-shaft rotary blade crusher having a lower screen may be used. Moreover, since the raw material after secondary crushing is mixed again with kitchen garbage, the secondary crushing particle size is the same as that of kitchen garbage, 20 to 30 mm.
And This is because by adjusting the secondary crushing particle size to the same size as the kitchen waste, the quality of the solid fuel produced and dried, reduced in volume and solidified in the subsequent process is improved. Therefore, the blade width of the single-shaft shearing crusher is in the range of 20 to 30 mm, and the sieve of the lower screen is in the size of 20 to 30 mm.
【００２９】 次に、篩分けによって篩いにかけられ
篩下に分離された厨芥の処理について説明する。Next, a description will be given of processing of kitchen garbage that has been sieved and separated under the sieve by sieving.
【００３０】篩分けによって分離された厨芥には、生石
灰（ＣａＯ）または消石灰｛Ｃａ（ＯＨ）2 ｝を添加す
る。なお、厨芥には、厨芥とともに篩下に分離された土
砂が含まれている。厨芥に生石灰または消石灰を添加す
ることによる効果は、下記(a) 〜(c) の通りである。To the garbage separated by the sieving, quick lime (CaO) or slaked lime {Ca (OH) 2 } is added. It should be noted that the garbage contains earth and sand separated under the sieve together with the garbage. The effects of adding quicklime or slaked lime to kitchen garbage are as follows (a) to (c).
【００３１】(a) 生石灰または消石灰の添加により、厨
芥のｐＨ値が高められ、厨芥中のタンパク質がアルカリ
加水分解し安定化する。また、微生物増殖に適するｐＨ
値はｐＨ９未満であるが、これにより、厨芥のｐＨ値が
ｐＨ９よりも高くなるため、製品化された固形燃料貯蔵
時の微生物増殖が阻止され腐敗が抑制される。(A) The addition of quicklime or slaked lime increases the pH value of the garbage, and the protein in the garbage is alkali-hydrolyzed and stabilized. PH suitable for microbial growth
Although the value is less than pH 9, the pH value of the garbage is higher than pH 9, so that the growth of microorganisms during storage of the manufactured solid fuel is prevented, and rot is suppressed.
【００３２】(b) 添加した生石灰が厨芥中の水分と反応
して水分量を減少させる。生石灰と厨芥との化学反応お
よび反応熱によって水分の蒸発が助長され、生石灰１ｋ
ｇの添加で水は約１ｋｇが厨芥から除かれる。例えば、
水分７０％の厨芥１００ｋｇに生石灰１０％（厨芥の乾
燥重量に対する割合）を添加すると、水分が３％減少す
る乾燥効果がある。また、実際には、攪拌および通気に
よって、これ以上の、１０〜１５％の乾燥効果がある。(B) The added quicklime reacts with the water in the garbage to reduce the water content. Evaporation of water is promoted by the chemical reaction and reaction heat between quicklime and kitchen garbage, and quicklime 1k
With the addition of g, about 1 kg of water is removed from the kitchen waste. For example,
Adding 10% of quicklime (percentage of the dry weight of kitchen garbage) to 100 kg of kitchen garbage with 70% water has a drying effect of reducing water by 3%. In addition, in practice, stirring and aeration have a further drying effect of 10 to 15%.
【００３３】(c) 最終製品の固形燃料焼却時に塩化水素
ガス（ＨＣｌガス）の発生を防止する。固形燃料の燃焼
の際、添加されたＣａ分が、固形燃料中の塩素分（塩ビ
等）に起因するＣｌ分と反応してＨＣｌの発生を防止す
る。また、Ｃａ分は、塩化水素ガスと反応してＣａＣｌ
2 （塩化カルシウム）となり、灰、あるいは、フライア
ッシュとして回収される。(C) Preventing generation of hydrogen chloride gas (HCl gas) during incineration of the solid fuel of the final product. During the combustion of the solid fuel, the added Ca component reacts with the Cl component caused by the chlorine component (such as PVC) in the solid fuel to prevent generation of HCl. The Ca component reacts with the hydrogen chloride gas to produce CaCl 2.
2 (Calcium chloride) and collected as ash or fly ash.
【００３４】生石灰または消石灰の厨芥への添加量は、
厨芥の乾燥固形物相当重量に対して１〜２０％、好まし
くは５〜１０％の範囲内とする。前記の添加量が１％未
満では、ｐＨ値が９以上（厨芥のｐＨ≧９）とならず、
所望の腐敗防止効果が得られない。また、固形燃料の燃
焼時の脱塩素効果が充分に得られない。一方、２０％を
超えると、固形燃料の燃焼による焼却残渣が増えすぎ
る。The amount of quick lime or slaked lime added to kitchen waste is
It is in the range of 1 to 20%, preferably 5 to 10%, based on the equivalent weight of dry solids of kitchen garbage. If the addition amount is less than 1%, the pH value does not become 9 or more (pH of kitchen waste ≧ 9),
The desired anti-rot effect is not obtained. In addition, a sufficient dechlorination effect during combustion of the solid fuel cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if it exceeds 20%, the incineration residue due to combustion of the solid fuel will increase too much.
【００３５】 次に、混合工程について説明する。二
次破砕された篩上原料、および、生石灰または消石灰が
添加され混合された主として厨芥からなる篩下原料は、
この工程で、混合される。篩下原料と篩上原料とは、同
寸法の、２０〜３０ｍｍに破砕されており、後続工程で
製造される固形燃料の品質が良好となるNext, the mixing step will be described. Secondary crushed raw material on the sieve, and quick lime or slaked lime are added and mixed, and the raw material under the sieve is mainly made of kitchen waste.
In this step, they are mixed. The raw material under the sieve and the raw material on the sieve are crushed to the same size of 20 to 30 mm, and the quality of the solid fuel produced in the subsequent process is improved.
【００３６】 最後に、混合された原料は、所定の固
形燃料成形工程、即ち、乾燥、減容・固化の各加工工程
を経て、固形燃料化される。Finally, the mixed raw material is converted into a solid fuel through a predetermined solid fuel forming step, that is, each processing step of drying, volume reduction and solidification.
【００３７】次に、厨芥、紙、プラスチック、金属を含
む一般ゴミを、固形燃料化する工程を、図面を参照して
説明する。Next, a process of converting general waste including kitchen waste, paper, plastic, and metal into solid fuel will be described with reference to the drawings.
【００３８】図１は、この発明のフローチャートを説明
する工程図である。図１に示すように、厨芥、紙、プラ
スチック、金属を含む一般ゴミからなる原料(1) は、貯
留工程のピット＆クレーン(2) によって貯留され、７５
〜１００ｍｍの範囲の刃幅の刃を備える２軸回転刃式破
砕機を用いる一次破砕(3) によって粗破砕され、バラバ
ラな状態にされる。次いで、一次破砕した原料に対し
て、磁力選別(4) を実施して、二次破砕において機械の
損傷の恐れのある鉄類を除去する。また、原料中のアル
ミニウム量が多い場合は、アルミ選別(12)を実施して原
料中のアルミニウムを除去する。次いで、２０〜３０ｍ
ｍの篩目を有する、振動篩または回転篩（トロンメル
篩）式の篩機を用い、金属が除去された原料の篩分け
(5) を実施する。篩目は、原料の一般ゴミに応じて変更
する。次いで、篩上の原料に対して、２０〜３０ｍｍの
刃幅を有し、下部スクリーンの篩目が２０〜３０ｍｍ
の、１軸剪断式破砕機（１軸回転刃式）を用い、前記篩
目と同等の粒度となる二次破砕(6) を実施する。一方、
篩下原料の厨芥に、生石灰(8) を添加して混合(7) す
る。生石灰の添加量は、厨芥の乾燥重量の５〜１０％が
好ましい。生石灰の代わりに消石灰を添加してもよい。
次いで、二次破砕した原料と、生石灰を添加して混合し
た厨芥とを乾燥・混合(9) する。乾燥・混合の際、攪拌
と同時に熱風（あるいは、高温蒸気等）を吹き込み、乾
燥および水分調整を行う。次いで、混合した原料を、減
容・固化(10)し、固形燃料(11)に成形される。減縮・固
化は、成形機内で、圧縮・加熱することにより、プラス
チック分を溶かしながら、所定の形状に成形・固化して
行う。FIG. 1 is a process diagram illustrating a flowchart of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, raw material (1) consisting of general garbage including kitchen waste, paper, plastic, and metal is stored by a pit and crane (2) in a storage process, and is stored in a storage tank.
It is roughly crushed by primary crushing (3) using a twin-screw rotary blade type crusher having a blade width in the range of １００100 mm, and is made into a fragmented state. Next, the primary crushed raw material is subjected to magnetic separation (4) to remove irons that may damage the machine in the secondary crushing. In addition, when the amount of aluminum in the raw material is large, aluminum sorting (12) is performed to remove aluminum in the raw material. Then 20-30m
sieving of raw materials from which metals have been removed using a vibrating sieve or a rotary sieve (trommel sieve) having a sieve of m
Perform (5). The sieve is changed according to the general garbage of the raw material. Next, the raw material on the sieve has a blade width of 20 to 30 mm, and the lower screen has a mesh of 20 to 30 mm.
The secondary crushing (6) having the same particle size as the sieve is carried out using a single-shaft shearing crusher (single-shaft rotary blade type). on the other hand,
Quick lime (8) is added to the garbage as the raw material under the sieve and mixed (7). The amount of quicklime added is preferably 5 to 10% of the dry weight of the kitchen waste. Slaked lime may be added instead of quick lime.
Next, the secondary crushed raw material and the garbage mixed with quicklime are dried and mixed (9). During drying and mixing, hot air (or high-temperature steam or the like) is blown at the same time as stirring to perform drying and moisture adjustment. Next, the mixed raw material is reduced in volume and solidified (10), and is formed into a solid fuel (11). The reduction and solidification are performed by compressing and heating in a molding machine to mold and solidify into a predetermined shape while melting the plastic component.
【００３９】[0039]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、この発明によれ
ば、下記の工業上有用な効果がもたらされる。 二次破砕の前に、篩分けを行なって、一般ゴミから
厨芥の大半を分離するので、二次破砕機の中で厨芥が混
練されて、装置内に付着することにより発生するトラブ
ルを防止することができる。 二次破砕機で処理されるゴミの量が減少し、二次破
砕機の負荷を軽減することができる。 一般ゴミの中で特に水分量の多い、厨芥を分離して
処理できるので、ｐＨ調整のための添加分の混合、およ
び、厨芥からの水分の除去を効率良く行うことができ
る。 篩分けの篩目を、２０ｍｍ以上、３０ｍｍ以下とす
ることにより、一般ゴミの家庭ゴミの中から、厨芥を効
果的に分離することができる。As described above, according to the present invention, the following industrially useful effects are provided. Before secondary crushing, sieving is performed to separate most of the garbage from general garbage, which prevents problems caused by garbage being kneaded in the secondary crusher and adhering to the equipment. be able to. The amount of refuse processed by the secondary crusher is reduced, and the load on the secondary crusher can be reduced. Since garbage having a particularly high water content among general garbage can be separated and treated, it is possible to efficiently mix the additive for pH adjustment and remove water from the garbage. By setting the mesh size of the sieve to be 20 mm or more and 30 mm or less, kitchen garbage can be effectively separated from household garbage of general garbage.
【図１】この発明の一実施例のフローチャートを説明す
る工程図である。FIG. 1 is a process diagram illustrating a flowchart of an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】従来の可燃廃棄物の固形燃料化工程の一例を示
す工程図である。FIG. 2 is a process chart showing an example of a conventional process for converting combustible waste into solid fuel.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 明石 哲夫 東京都千代田区丸の内一丁目１番２号 日本鋼管株式会社内 (72)発明者 秋保 慶志 東京都千代田区丸の内一丁目１番２号 日本鋼管株式会社内 (72)発明者 手塚 賢一 東京都千代田区丸の内一丁目１番２号 日本鋼管株式会社内 (72)発明者 小野 利行 神奈川県横浜市鶴見区小野町61番１号 エヌケーケープラント建設株式会社内 (56)参考文献 特開 平６−88013（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平８−276428（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特表 昭59−501718（ＪＰ，Ａ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) C10L 5/46 B09B 3/00 301 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Tetsuo Akashi 1-1-2 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Nippon Kokan Co., Ltd. (72) Keishi Akiu 1-1-2 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Nippon Kokan (72) Inventor Kenichi Tezuka 1-1-2 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Nippon Kokan Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Toshiyuki Ono 61-1, Onocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa NKK Plant Construction Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-6-88013 (JP, A) JP-A-8-276428 (JP, A) JP-T-59-501718 (JP, A) (58) Fields studied (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) C10L 5/46 B09B 3/00 301
Claims (2)
般ゴミを一次破砕し、次いで、一次破砕した前記一般ゴ
ミから鉄類を磁力選別により除去し、次いで、鉄類を除
去した残りのゴミ成分を、所定の篩目によって厨芥を主
体とする篩下成分と、残余の篩上成分とに篩分けし、次
いで、篩下成分に生石灰および消石灰のうちのいずれか
１つを添加して、混合し、一方、篩上成分を前記篩目と
ほぼ同等の粒度に二次破砕し、次いで、篩下成分および
篩上成分を混合し、次いで、固形燃料に成形することを
特徴とする一般ゴミの固形燃料化方法。1. A general garbage containing kitchen garbage, paper, plastic, and metal is firstly crushed, then iron is removed from the first crushed general garbage by magnetic separation, and then the remaining garbage components from which iron is removed Is sieved into a sieve component mainly composed of kitchen garbage by a predetermined sieve and a remaining sieve component, and then one of quick lime and slaked lime is added to the sieve component and mixed. On the other hand, the on-sieve component is secondarily crushed to a particle size substantially equal to the sieve mesh, then the under-sieving component and the on-sieve component are mixed, and then molded into a solid fuel. Solid fuel method.
０ｍｍ以下であることを特徴とする請求項１記載の一般
ゴミの固形燃料化方法。2. A sieve having a sieve of 20 mm or more,
The method for converting solid waste into a solid fuel according to claim 1, wherein the thickness is 0 mm or less.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12961895A JP3342985B2 (en) | 1995-04-28 | 1995-04-28 | How to convert general waste into solid fuel |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12961895A JP3342985B2 (en) | 1995-04-28 | 1995-04-28 | How to convert general waste into solid fuel |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH08302368A JPH08302368A (en) | 1996-11-19 |
| JP3342985B2 true JP3342985B2 (en) | 2002-11-11 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12961895A Expired - Fee Related JP3342985B2 (en) | 1995-04-28 | 1995-04-28 | How to convert general waste into solid fuel |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3560923B2 (en) * | 2001-03-27 | 2004-09-02 | 松下環境空調エンジニアリング株式会社 | Garbage disposal method and apparatus |
| JP2006272289A (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-12 | Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd | Treating method of organic waste |
| JP5389470B2 (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2014-01-15 | 株式会社北川鉄工所 | Preservation method for high water content organic matter and solid fuel produced from high water content organic matter |
| CN101530857A (en) * | 2009-03-12 | 2009-09-16 | 陈献清 | Processing method for turning household garbage into energy |
| CN102827662A (en) * | 2012-09-04 | 2012-12-19 | 清华大学 | Preparation method applicable to treating garbage derivate by being jointed with cement kiln |
| JP6814696B2 (en) * | 2017-05-29 | 2021-01-20 | 日揮株式会社 | Sorting processing system, sorting processing method |
| JP6763576B2 (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2020-09-30 | 株式会社下瀬微生物研究所 | Biomass burner fuel production equipment and manufacturing method |
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1995
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JPH08302368A (en) | 1996-11-19 |
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