JP6763576B2 - Biomass burner fuel production equipment and manufacturing method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a fuel production apparatus and a production method for a biomass burner by fermenting and drying a processing object containing organic waste.

Conventionally, fossil fuels such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas have been used as fuels for combustion furnaces for power generation, which are not preferable from the viewpoint of environmental protection. It has also been proposed to incinerate general waste and industrial waste for heat utilization, but the treatment targets include various organic wastes such as food waste, domestic wastewater, animal and plant residues, and sludge. Since it contains substances and some have a high water content, it cannot be used as a fuel for heat utilization. In order to utilize heat with fuels other than fossil fuels, powder burners made by processing combustible materials such as wood into powder and using them as fuel are generally proposed as biomass burners.

In this regard, the inventor of the present application puts a treatment object containing organic waste such as food waste in a closed container such as a tank and stirs it while heating it to a predetermined temperature range under reduced pressure to improve efficiency. A patent application has already been filed for an apparatus (fermentation-drying apparatus) capable of accelerating the fermentation of organic substances by adding predetermined microorganisms to the object to be treated in this way while removing water and drying.

For example, in the fermentation / drying apparatus described in Patent Document 1, decompression of the inside of a closed container promotes evaporation of water from the organic waste inside the container, shortens the drying time, and reduces the pressure to the boiling point of water. It is not necessary to raise the temperature too much, and it is possible to prevent the killing of microorganisms due to the rise in temperature.

JP-A-2007-319738

However, when wood chips called biomass or dried organic matter are burned with a biomass burner as fuel, the particle size, grain shape, water content, etc. are not uniform, and stable combustion is not achieved. In addition, problems such as blockage of the fuel supply unit to the burner occur. Since the generation of foul odors cannot be suppressed simply by drying organic substances, there arises a problem of deteriorating the surrounding environment when stored as fuel.

In view of such circumstances, an object of the present invention is to ferment and dry the object to be treated containing organic waste using a known fermentation / drying apparatus under reduced pressure, and then ferment and dry using microorganisms. It is used as a fuel for biomass burners.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, in the present invention, the fuel processed by the fermentation / drying apparatus is burned by a biomass burner, and the generated thermal energy is stably converted into electric energy.

That is, in the fuel production apparatus for the biomass burner by fermentation and drying according to the present invention, first, as in the conventional example, the object to be treated containing organic waste is housed in a closed container and heated to a predetermined temperature range under reduced pressure. It is equipped with a fermentation / drying device that uses microorganisms to ferment organic substances while stirring while decomposing malodorous components to obtain dried products with reduced volume.

Then, a classification device for classifying the dried product obtained by the fermentation / drying device into a compatible fuel suitable for combustion in a biomass burner and other fuels, and a storage device for temporarily storing at least the compatible fuel. And have. If the compatible fuel is burned with a biomass burner, the generated heat energy can be used to stably convert it into electrical energy.

With this configuration, in the fuel production apparatus of the present invention, the organic waste is efficiently dried by the fermentation / drying apparatus in the same manner as in the conventional example (Patent Document 1) described above, and the fermentation of the organic matter is promoted by utilizing microorganisms. It can also decompose malodorous components. Further, if the dried product thus obtained is classified into, for example, large particles and small particles, the particle size, particle shape, water content, etc. of the small particles are uniform, and the generation of foul odor is suppressed. Therefore, the fuel for the biomass burner. It will be suitable for.

That is, in general, the objects to be treated that are discharged from homes and various business establishments contain a wide variety of organic substances, and their calorific values are variously different. Therefore, when these are dried and burned. The variation in the amount of heat obtained in the home becomes large. Therefore, the dried product processed by the fermentation / drying device may be classified into relatively large large particles and relatively small small particles, and at least the small particles may be temporarily stored.

Non-organic substances such as plastics are usually mixed in the waste to be treated, and the size does not change even after fermentation and drying, and the waste is classified into the above-mentioned large grains. On the other hand, the organic waste (dried product) fermented and dried in the fermentation and drying apparatus is separated as other than the above-mentioned large particles, that is, mainly as small particles, and homogenization progresses by fermentation and drying, and the calorific value is also increased. It is a stable fuel for biomass burners.

When separating large particles and small particles in this way, the dried product treated by the fermentation drying device has a merit that it is easy to sift because the water content is less than that before the treatment. It is preferable to divide the dried product into relatively large large particles, relatively small small particles, and medium particles having an intermediate size thereof, and use the small particles as the compatible fuel.

Further, it is preferable to provide a re-injection device for re-injecting the medium particles into the closed container for processing again in the fermentation / drying device. In this way, the dried product that is insufficiently fermented and dried tends to form a relatively large mass, and thus is separated as a medium grain product. By reprocessing such medium grains in a fermentation drying device, fermentation drying is further promoted to become small grains. Therefore, only these small particles need to be used as fuel for the biomass burner.

From a different point of view, the present invention is a method for producing a fuel for a biomass burner using the above-mentioned apparatus, in which an object to be treated containing organic waste is housed in a closed container and kept in a predetermined temperature range under reduced pressure. While stirring while heating, the organic matter is fermented using microorganisms to decompose malodorous components to obtain a dried product with reduced volume, and the dried product obtained in this fermentation and drying step is classified. It is provided with a classification step of separating a compatible fuel suitable for combustion in a biomass burner and other fuels, and a storage step of at least temporarily storing the compatible fuel.

By this method, as described above, the object to be treated containing organic waste can be efficiently dried and fermentation can be promoted by utilizing microorganisms, and among the dried products thus obtained, for example, small particles are biomass. It is a compatible fuel for burners. Then, if this is burned with a biomass burner, the heat energy can be used to stably obtain power generation energy.

According to the fuel production apparatus of the biomass burner according to the present invention, the organic waste is heated under reduced pressure using the fermentation drying apparatus to efficiently dry the organic waste, and the fermentation of the organic matter is promoted by using microorganisms. The dried product can be classified and, for example, small particles can be used as a suitable fuel for combustion in a biomass burner. Then, if the compatible fuel is burned with a biomass burner, the heat generated energy can be used to stably generate electricity.

It is a schematic block diagram of the whole fuel production apparatus of the biomass burner which concerns on embodiment. It is a schematic block diagram of a magnetic separator. It is a schematic block diagram of a fermentation drying apparatus. It is a schematic block diagram of a vibrating sieve. It is a schematic block diagram of a steam generation boiler. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the operation procedure of the fuel production apparatus of a biomass burner.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a biomass fuel (biomass burner fuel) production apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. This apparatus is installed in, for example, a waste treatment facility in an urban area, and is used in general households, various business establishments, and the like. Biomass fuel is produced from the waste (waste) discharged from the plant and burned in a combustion furnace for power generation. Although not shown, the waste disposal facility is provided with a pit for carrying in the collected waste.

The garbage stored in this pit is mainly general garbage, which contains various organic waste such as high water content food waste, paper scraps, cloth, and wood packed in garbage bags, as well as plastic. Combustibles such as and incombustibles such as metal are mixed. In addition, it is not classified as general waste and may contain organic waste such as urine, domestic wastewater, animal and plant residues, sludge, etc., and coarsely crushed bulky waste may be mixed depending on the waste treatment facility. ..

Then, in the fuel conversion device of the present embodiment, the crusher 1 (crushing device) in which the garbage in the pit is conveyed by a bucket crane or the like and supplied as a processing object, and the crushed garbage are thrown in. A receiving hopper 2 is provided, and waste is supplied to the fermentation / drying device 3 by a transport conveyor 21 attached to the receiving hopper 2. Further, a magnetic separator 22 for removing metal from the dust being conveyed by the conveyor 21 is also provided.

As described in detail below, the fermentation / drying device 3 ferments and dries the waste under reduced pressure, and the dried product processed by the fermentation / drying device 3 is largely subjected to the vibration sieving machine 4 (classification device). It is sifted (classified) into three sizes, medium and small. Then, the "medium size" dried matter (hereinafter, also referred to as medium grain) is conveyed by the reinjection line 5 (reinjection device) composed of a plurality of conveyors, and is reinjected into the receiving hopper 2.

On the other hand, the "large size" and "small size" dried products (hereinafter, also referred to as large particles and small particles, respectively) are temporarily stored in the storage device 6. The storage device 6 includes storage hoppers 61 and 62 for temporarily storing large particles and small particles, respectively, and a metering supply device 63 for measuring the small particles and supplying them to the steam generator boiler 7 (heating device). There is. Then, the high-temperature steam generated in the steam generation boiler 7 is supplied to the fermentation / drying device 3.

In the present embodiment, a generator such as a steam turbine generator 91 is provided in the steam path 70 between the steam generating boiler 7 and the fermentation drying device 3, and the electric power generated by the generator is used by the electric power company. Is supplying to. In addition, a part of the electric power is also used as a driving electric power for the fermentation / drying apparatus 3. As a generator, a Stirling engine generator or the like can be considered. The steam path 70 will be described later.

The crusher 1 is, for example, a multi-shaft low-speed rotary crusher. As shown schematically in FIG. 1, the rotation of a pair of rotary shafts 10 causes each cutting blade to shear dust. There is. As a result, food waste, paper scraps, wood, etc. have a size suitable for fermentation and drying, and plastics, etc. are also crushed to some extent to a size suitable for sieving. As the crusher, a single shaft type low-speed rotary crusher, a high-speed rotary crusher, a compression crusher, or the like can also be used.

Further, the magnetic separator 22 is, for example, a hanging type, which is suspended on a conveyor 21 as outlined in FIG. 2, and is a magnetic material such as an iron piece from the dust conveyed by the conveyor 21. (Indicated by black circles) is attracted by a magnet and continuously discharged by a belt 22b moving between the pulleys 22a. In addition to the hanging type, for example, a pulley type or drum type magnetic separator may be used, or an eddy current type magnetic separator capable of removing non-ferrous metals such as aluminum cans may be used. It makes it possible to remove metal objects. Further, the magnetic separator 22 may be installed on the conveyor 37.

-Fermentation and drying equipment-
The fermentation / drying apparatus 3 is a known one described in Patent Document 1 and the like, and as described below, the waste to be treated is stirred while being heated to a predetermined temperature range under reduced pressure, and microorganisms. The organic matter is fermented using the above to obtain a dried product with reduced volume.

As schematically shown in FIG. 3, the fermentation / drying apparatus 3 is airtightly formed so as to keep the inside at atmospheric pressure or lower as a closed container for accommodating the dust supplied by the conveyor 21 as described above. It is provided with a tubular tank 30. A heating jacket 31 is provided on the peripheral wall portion of the tank 30, and steam for heating is supplied from the steam generating boiler 7 via the steam control device 92.

Further, a stirring shaft 32 extending in the longitudinal direction (left-right direction in FIG. 3) is provided inside the tank 30 so as to be surrounded by the heating jacket 31, and is rotated at a predetermined rotational speed by the electric motor 32a. It has become like. The stirring shaft 32 is provided with a plurality of stirring plates 32b separated from each other in the axial direction, whereby the dust can be stirred and sent in the longitudinal direction of the tank 30 after the fermentation and drying are completed. Further, 32a may use a hydraulic motor.

That is, a waste input port 30a supplied from the conveyor 21 is provided on the upper portion of the tank 30 on one side in the longitudinal direction (left side in FIG. 3), and the waste input from this port is provided by the heating jacket 31. While being heated, it is stirred by the rotation of the stirring shaft 32 as described above. Then, after a lapse of a predetermined time, the product is discharged from the discharge unit 30b provided in the lower part of the tank 30.

Although details are not shown, in the present embodiment, a steam passage is also formed inside the stirring shaft 32, and heating steam is also supplied from the steam control device 92 to this through the steam path 70. It has become like. As a result, the dust can be heated from the inside while being stirred by the stirring shaft 32. Then, the drain water from which the steam has been condensed is returned to the steam control device 92 via the steam path 70.

A guide portion 30c that guides the steam generated from the heated waste to the condensing portion 33 is provided above the tank 30 that heats the waste. The condensing unit 33 includes a plurality of cooling pipes 33b supported by a pair of heads 33a, and a cooling water path 80 is provided between the cooling pipes 33b and the cooling tower 8 described below.

That is, as schematically shown in FIG. 3, the cooling tower 8 is pumped by a water receiving tank 81 into which the cooling water discharged from the condensing portion 33 flows in, and a pump 82 that pumps the cooling water from the water receiving tank 81. A nozzle 83 for injecting cooling water is provided. The cooling water injected from the nozzle 83 receives air from the fan 85 while flowing down the lower part 84, the temperature drops, and the cooling water flows into the water receiving tank 81 again.

The cooling water cooled by the cooling tower 8 in this manner is sent by the cooling water pump 86, returned to the condensing portion 33 by the cooling water path 80, and while flowing through the plurality of cooling pipes 33b, as described above. The temperature rises due to heat exchange with the steam generated from the waste. Then, the cooling water is returned to the cooling tower 8 again by the cooling water path 80. That is, the cooling water circulates in the cooling water path 80 between the condensing portion 33 and the cooling tower 8.

In addition to the cooling water circulated in this way, in the cooling tower 8, the condensed water in which the steam generated from the heated dust is condensed in the condensing portion 33 is also injected. That is, the condensed water generated in the condensing portion 33 stays inside the condensing portion 33 and the communication passage 35. Then, in the present embodiment, the vacuum pump 36 is connected to the condensing portion 33 via the communication passage 35 to reduce the pressure in the tank 30.

Therefore, when the vacuum pump 36 operates, air and condensed water are sucked out from the condensing portion 33 through the communication passage 35, and air and steam in the tank 30 are further sucked through the communication passage 34 and the guide portion 30c. It comes to lead to the condensing part 33. In this way, the condensed water is sucked out from the condensing portion 33 to the vacuum pump 36, and is guided from the vacuum pump 36 to the water receiving tank 81 of the cooling tower 8 by the water pipe.

The condensed water thus guided to the water receiving tank 81 of the cooling tower 8 is mixed with the cooling water, pumped into the pump 82 as described above, injected from the nozzle 83, and then cooled while flowing down the flow bottom 84. .. The condensed water contains the same microorganisms as those added to the dust in the tank 30, and the odorous components and the like contained in the condensed water are decomposed, so that the odor does not dissipate to the outside of the tank.

-Operation of fermentation and drying equipment-
Explaining the operation of the fermentation / drying device 3 configured as described above, the dust contained in the tank 30 is heated by the heating steam supplied to the heating jacket 31 (and the steam passage such as the stirring shaft 32). However, it is stirred as the stirring shaft 32 rotates. The heating temperature supplied from the steam control device 92 is preferably, for example, about 140 ° C.

Then, the temperature is effectively raised by receiving heating from the outside by the heating jacket 31 surrounding the inside of the tank 30 and heating from the inside by the stirring shaft 32 or the like, and the stirring is performed by the stirring shaft 32. In addition, since the pressure is reduced by the operation of the vacuum pump 36, the boiling point in the tank 30 is lowered, the evaporation of water is accelerated, and fermentation and drying are promoted.

In the fermentation and drying step by the fermentation and drying apparatus 3, one step is preferably, for example, 2 hours, and the waste is first fermented over 30 minutes. When the inside of the tank 30 is depressurized to −0.06 to −0.07 MPa (gauge pressure, hereinafter the gauge pressure is omitted), the water temperature in the tank 30 is maintained at 76 ° C to 69 ° C (saturated steam temperature). Will be done. As a result, the following microorganisms mainly promote fermentation and decomposition of waste.

Next, the waste being fermented will be dried for 1.5 hours. Therefore, when the pressure inside the tank 30 is further reduced to −0.09 to −0.10 MPa, the water temperature in the tank is maintained at 46 to 42 ° C. (saturated steam temperature), and the drying of waste is sufficiently promoted. .. Then, as the microorganism to be added to the dust in the tank 30 when performing such a drying treatment, as described in Patent Document 1, a plurality of types of indigenous bacteria are used as a base, and the microorganisms are combined and effectively cultured in advance. The microbial group is preferable, and the so-called SHIMOSE 1/2/3 group is the center of the colony.

SHIMOSE 1 was deposited internationally on March 14, 2003 at FERM BP-7504 (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Patent Microorganisms Depositary Center, 1-3, Higashi, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan). SHIMOSE 2 is a microorganism belonging to FERM BP-7505 (internationally deposited like SHIMOSE 1), salt-tolerant Pichiafarinosa, and SHIMOSE 3 is FERM BP. -7506 (similar to SHIMOSE 1 internationally deposited), a microorganism belonging to Staphylococcus.

-Vibration sieving machine-
The dried product processed by the fermentation / drying apparatus 3 as described above is sieved by the vibrating sieving machine 4 and classified into three sizes of large, medium and small. The vibrating sieving machine 4 of the present embodiment sifts the dried product into large particles of, for example, 50 mm or more, small particles of, for example, 30 mm or less, and medium particles having an intermediate size, depending on the size thereof.

As shown in FIG. 4, in the vibration sieving machine 4, the cylindrical housing 41 is floatingly supported by a plurality of (for example, four) coil springs 42 with respect to the lower base 43, and the lid portion that closes the upper end opening of the housing 41. The 44 is provided with a dry matter input port 44a. A charging hopper 45 is disposed above the charging port 44a, and the dried product discharged from the tank 30 of the fermentation / drying device 3 is charged by the conveyor 37 (see FIG. 1).

Inside the housing 41 into which the dried material is charged, three wire meshes 46a to 46c are installed substantially horizontally separated from each other in the vertical direction. The mesh of the upper wire mesh 46a is set to, for example, 50 mm according to the size of the large grain, and the mesh of the middle wire mesh 46b is set to, for example, 30 mm corresponding to the size of the medium grain.

Further, coarse mesh tapping trays 47 are arranged below the wire meshes 46a to 46c at predetermined intervals, and a plurality of mesh tapping rubber balls 48 are arranged on the upper surface thereof at predetermined intervals. It is placed. Then, three discharge ports 41a to 41c are provided on the outer periphery of the housing 41 vertically separated from each other so as to correspond to the upper surfaces of the three wire meshes 46a to 46c, and the respective wire meshes 46a to 46c provide. It is designed to discharge large, medium and small dried products that have been sifted.

Further, a reverse mortar-shaped bottom portion 49 having an inner peripheral side protruding upward is arranged so as to close the lower end opening of the housing 41. A vibration motor 50 is arranged below the bottom portion 49 that closes the lower end opening of the housing 41.

The vibration motor 50 is housed inside the cylindrical lower base 43 so as to be surrounded by the peripheral wall thereof, and is suspended from the lower end portion of the housing 41 via an elastic bracket 41e or the like. Eccentric weights 50a and 50b are provided above and below the vibration motor 50, respectively, and the housing 41 is vibrated as a whole by rotating them eccentrically.

When the entire housing 41 vibrates in this way, the dried material charged from the charging port 44a of the upper lid 44 first rolls on the upper wire mesh 46a and moves toward the outer peripheral side thereof. Then, the dried product having a size of 50 mm or more reaches the outer circumference of the housing 41 without passing through the mesh of the wire mesh 46a, and is discharged as large particles from the upper discharge port 41a to the outside of the housing 41.

On the other hand, the dried material having a size of less than 50 mm passes through the mesh of the upper wire mesh 46a and falls downward, and this time, while rolling on the middle wire mesh 46b, it moves toward the outer peripheral side thereof. Then, the dried product having a size of 30 mm or more reaches the outer periphery of the housing 41 without passing through the mesh of the wire mesh 46b, and is discharged as medium particles from the discharge port 41b in the middle stage to the outside of the housing 41.

Further, the dried product having a size of less than 30 mm passes through the mesh of the wire mesh 46b in the middle stage, falls downward, rolls on the wire mesh 46c in the lower stage, and moves toward the outer peripheral side thereof, and is used as small particles in the lower stage. It is discharged to the outside of the housing 41 from the discharge port 41c. The classifying device is not limited to the vibrating sieving machine 4 as described above, and for example, a tron meter shifter, a swing type sorter, a rotor type sorter, or the like can be used.

Among the dried products sifted in this way, the large particles mainly contain plastics and the like, and the generated heat energy is large. On the other hand, medium-grains and small-grains are mainly organic substances that have been fermented and dried. In particular, small-grains have been fermented to homogenize the particle size, grain shape and components, so fuel is supplied to the biomass burner 71. The state and the heat energy generated by burning are stable.

On the other hand, since the medium-grained material is not fermented and dried as compared with the small-sized material, it is not suitable for use as a fuel for the biomass burner 71. Therefore, the medium-sized material is used again in the fermentation and drying apparatus 3. By throwing in and fermenting and drying again, it can be molded as small particles.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, the large particles and the small particles are temporarily stored and used as fuel, while the medium particles are returned to the fermentation / drying apparatus 3 and subjected to the fermentation / drying treatment again. There is. That is, the medium particles discharged from the discharge port 41b in the middle stage of the vibrating sieving machine 4 as described above are conveyed by the re-injection line 5 composed of a plurality of transfer conveyors and are charged into the receiving hopper 2 of the fermentation drying device 3. To.

On the other hand, the large particles and small particles discharged from the upper and lower discharge ports 41a and 41c of the vibrating sieve 4 are separated into the storage hoppers 61 and 62 of the storage device 6 and temporarily stored. Then, when the fermentation / drying device 3 is operated to process the waste as described above, the small particles are weighed by the screw type metering / feeding device 63, and the biomass burner 71 of the steam generating boiler 7 (see FIG. 5). ).

In the weighing supply device 63, the screw feeder 63a is driven by an electric motor (not shown), and the small particles are sent out by the rotation of the screw feeder 63a. Since the supply amount per hour by this changes depending on the rotation speed of the screw feeder 63a, the amount of small particles (supply amount per hour) supplied from the storage hopper 61 to the steam generation boiler 7 can be adjusted.

-Steam generator-
As described above, the steam generating boiler 7 that burns small particles to generate high-temperature steam has a biomass burner 71 capable of efficiently burning dried products and its combustion, as schematically shown in FIG. It includes a steam generating unit 72 that heats a heat medium such as water by heat to generate high-temperature steam. The heating steam generated in the steam generator 72 is supplied to the fermentation / drying device 3 (heating jacket 31 of the tank 30 or the like) via the steam control device 92 of the steam path 70.

As an example, the biomass burner 71 includes a hopper 73 into which small particles and auxiliary fuel are input as fuel, a screw feeder 74 driven by an electric motor 74a so as to send out small particles and the like dropped from the hopper 73. It includes a primary combustion furnace 75 that thermally decomposes the small particles and the like sent in this way to generate combustible gas, and a secondary combustion furnace 76 that completely burns the combustible gas.

The screw feeder 74 is housed in a cylindrical chamber 74b, and a hopper 73 is connected above the rear end side (right side in FIG. 5). A rotary valve 73a is provided below the hopper 73. On the other hand, the front end portion (left end portion in FIG. 5) of the screw feeder 74 faces the opening of the upstream end (right end portion in FIG. 5) of the cylindrical primary combustion furnace 75, and small particles or the like are supplied there. It has become.

An electric spark plug 75a is also provided facing the opening at the upstream end of the primary combustion furnace 75, and when the operation of the biomass burner 71 is started, it can be used as small particles or auxiliary fuel in the primary combustion furnace 75. It is designed to ignite. Small particles are supplied from the screw feeder 74 to such a primary combustion furnace 75, and air pushed by the fan 77 flows into the chamber 74b to burn the small particles and the like.

Then, in addition to the air flowing in from the opening at the upstream end, air also flows into the primary combustion furnace 75 from a plurality of holes provided in the peripheral wall thereof, but the amount of these air is small. In the primary combustion furnace 75, a part of the small particles is burned, while the rest is thermally decomposed at a high temperature to generate flammable gas because the combustion of things and the like tends to be insufficient. The flammable gas generated in this way flows out toward the secondary combustion furnace 76 on the downstream side while burning.

That is, at the downstream end (left end in FIG. 5) of the primary combustion furnace 75, a nozzle portion 75b having a narrowed tip is provided so as to project into the secondary combustion furnace 76, and the secondary combustion furnace 76 is provided from here. Combustible gas is blown into the inside while burning. The high-temperature flammable gas blown in this way mixes with the secondary air sucked from the air suction path 76b and burns in the burner portion 76a provided in the secondary combustion furnace 76, and this flame is burned in the combustion chamber on the downstream side. It will blow out to 76c.

This flame entrains the air in the combustion chamber 76c and burns so that the unburned portion is almost eliminated, and the high-temperature combustion gas (burned gas) generated by this entrains the air, passes through the steam generating section 72, and is downstream thereof. After passing through the exhaust pipe 78 and the dust collector (not shown) of the above, the gas is released into the atmosphere. Since the flammable gas generated from the small particles is burned in this way, there are few harmful substances in the exhaust gas, and cleaning is possible with a general dust collector.

The steam generating unit 72 has a general configuration, and although detailed description thereof will be omitted, it spirally (or zigzag in the combustion chamber 76c) so as to surround the combustion chamber 76c of the secondary combustion chamber 76 in which the flame blows out. A pipe 72a is provided, and steam or water flowing through the pipe 72a is heated by the flame or combustion gas of the combustion chamber 76c to generate high-temperature steam. The pipe 72a is connected to the steam turbine generator 91 and the steam control device 92 via the steam path 70.

That is, the steam generator 72 heats water to generate steam for power generation by the combustion heat energy of the fuel as described above. In the present embodiment, the power generation steam generated in the steam generation unit 72 of the steam generation boiler 7 is supplied to the steam turbine generator 91 as described above, thereby supplying electric power to the electric power company. ..

Further, the heating steam is supplied to the fermentation / drying device 3 (such as the heating jacket 31 of the tank 30) via the steam control device 92, and heats the inside of the tank 30 as described above with reference to FIG. As a result, the drain water from which the steam has been condensed is discharged from the heating jacket 31 or the like, flows through the steam path 70, and returns to the steam generator 72.

Next, the procedure for producing biomass fuel by the above-mentioned production apparatus will be described. As shown in the flowchart of FIG. 6, first, in the pretreatment step (step S1), the waste stored in the pit is crushed by a crusher. It is charged into 1 and crushed to a predetermined size, and then charged into the receiving hopper 2. Then, the iron pieces and the like contained in the dust are removed by the magnetic separator 22 while being conveyed by the conveyor 21.

Subsequently, in step S2, the lid of the charging port 30a of the tank 30 of the fermentation / drying device 3 is opened, and the waste transported by the transport conveyor 21 is loaded. At this time, the inside of the tank 30 is at atmospheric pressure, and then the lid of the inlet 30a is closed.

In step S3, the inside of the tank 30 is heated under reduced pressure as described above with reference to FIG. 3, and the fermentation and drying of the waste contained therein is promoted (fermentation and drying step). That is, heating steam is supplied from the steam control device 92 to heat the inside of the tank 30. Along with this, the stirring shaft 32 is rotated at a predetermined rotation speed (for example, about 8 rpm). Further, when the pressure inside the tank 30 is reduced by the operation of the vacuum pump 36, the boiling point of the water in the tank 30 is lowered, the evaporation of the water is accelerated within the activity temperature of the microorganisms, and the fermentation and drying of the waste is promoted.

While maintaining the temperature and pressure in the tank 30 in this way, the vacuum pump 36 and the stirring shaft 32 are temporarily stopped when a predetermined time (for example, about 2 hours) elapses. At this time, the volume of the dried product is reduced. Then, it is determined in step S4 whether or not this fermentation and drying step has been repeated a preset number of times, and if a negative determination (NO), the process returns to step S2.

By charging the waste and microorganisms into the tank 30 in this way and repeating the above fermentation and drying step a set number of times, a large amount of waste can be sufficiently fermented and dried. Then, if an affirmative determination (YES) is made in step S4, the process proceeds to step S5 to stop the operation of the vacuum pump 36 and the steam generator boiler 7, while the stirring shaft 32 is rotated in the reverse direction to open the lid of the discharge unit 30b. The dried product is discharged from the tank 30 (atmospheric pressure (discharge)).

By fermenting and drying as described above and reducing the volume, the dried product is suitable for sieving, and this is conveyed by the transfer conveyor 37 and charged from the charging hopper 45 to the vibrating sieving machine 4. Then, by operating the vibrating sieving machine 4, as described above with reference to FIG. 4, the large, medium, and small dried products are sieved (classification step: step S6), and the medium particles are received by the refill line 5 in the receiving hopper 2. (Transportation of medium particles: step S7).

On the other hand, the large particles and the small particles are temporarily stored in the storage hoppers 61 and 62, respectively (storage steps: steps S8 and S9). Since the large particles temporarily stored in this way contain plastic and the like, they are supplied to, for example, a combustion furnace for high-power plastic (step S10). On the other hand, the small particles are supplied to the biomass burner 71 of the steam generating boiler 7 for burning in the next treatment by the fermentation / drying apparatus 3 (step S11).

In step S3 of the above flow, the waste to be treated is housed in the tank 30, and the mixture is stirred while being heated to a predetermined temperature range under reduced pressure, and the organic matter is fermented using microorganisms to reduce the volume of drying. It corresponds to the fermentation and drying process of obtaining a product. In this step, the inside of the tank 30 is heated by utilizing the combustion heat of the dried product (small particles) obtained by the previous treatment.

Further, in step S6 of the flow, the dried product obtained in the fermentation and drying step is classified into relatively small small particles (compatible fuel suitable for combustion in the biomass burner 71) and relatively large large particles. It corresponds to a classification step of separating into substances (other fuels), and further, step S9 corresponds to a storage step of temporarily storing at least small particles.

Therefore, according to the apparatus for producing biomass fuel by fermentation and drying according to the present embodiment, the inside of the tank 30 containing the waste containing organic substances is depressurized by using the known fermentation and drying apparatus 3, and the boiling point of water is lowered. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently evaporate water at a relatively low temperature and promote drying. By lowering the temperature in this way, microorganisms can be activated and fermentation of organic matter can be promoted.

Further, as the dry matter to be burned in the steam generator 7, only the small particles having a homogenized particle size, particle shape and components are used among the large particles, the medium particles and the small particles sieved by the vibrating sieve 4. Medium particles whose particle size, grain shape and composition are not stable are not burned. This makes it possible to stabilize the combustion of the steam generating boiler 7 in the biomass burner 71.

Further, in the present embodiment, the waste to be treated is crushed by the crusher 1 before being put into the tank 30 of the fermentation / drying apparatus 3, so that the surface area of the processed product is increased. Therefore, as described above, the tank 30 It is possible to evaporate water more efficiently within the body, promote drying, and promote fermentation of organic matter.

The embodiments disclosed this time are examples in all respects and do not serve as a basis for limited interpretation. The technical scope of the present invention is not construed solely by the above-described embodiments, but is defined based on the description of the claims. In addition, the technical scope of the present invention includes all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the claims.

For example, in the above-described embodiment, the dried product processed in the fermentation / drying apparatus 3 is sifted into three sizes of large, medium, and small, and the large particles and the small particles are temporarily stored, and then only the small particles are steam-generated. It is supplied to the boiler 7 and burned by the biomass burner 71, while the waste is reprocessed by the fermentation / drying device 3, but the present invention is not limited to this, for example, the waste is not reprocessed but is used for ferment and feed. It may be used for manufacturing.

In addition, instead of dividing the dry waste into three sizes, large, medium, and small, the dry waste is divided into two sizes, large and small, and temporarily stored in each size, and then only the small particles are supplied to the steam generating boiler 7. You may do so.

Further, in the above embodiment, in order to heat the inside of the tank 30, high-temperature steam is supplied from the steam generating boiler 7, but the heating is not limited to steam, and a heater using electricity may be used. .. Further, it is not necessary to crush the dust with the crusher 1 before putting it into the fermentation / drying apparatus 3 as in the above embodiment, and it is not necessary to remove the metal with the magnetic separator 22. For example, the dried waste may be crushed or the metal may be removed after the treatment by the fermentation / drying apparatus 3.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used industrially because it is possible to reduce the fuel cost for heating when fermenting waste using microorganisms while heating the waste under reduced pressure using a fermentation / drying device. There is sex.

1 Crusher (crusher)
3 Fermentation / drying device 30 tanks (closed container)
4 Vibration sieving machine (classification device)
5 Reload line (reload device)
6 Storage device 61, 62 Storage hopper 7 Steam generation boiler (heating device)

Claims (4)

The object to be treated containing organic waste is placed in a closed container and stirred while heating to a predetermined temperature range under reduced pressure, and the organic matter is fermented using microorganisms to decompose malodorous components and reduce the volume. Fermentation and drying equipment to obtain things,
A classifying device for classifying the dried product obtained by the fermentation drying device and separating it into a compatible fuel suitable for combustion in a biomass burner and other fuels.
A storage device for temporarily storing at least the conforming fuel is provided.
The classifier divides the dried product into relatively large large particles, relatively small small particles, and medium particles having an intermediate size thereof, and uses the small particles as the compatible fuel, and the large particles. Is configured to be discharged as fuel for combustion other than biomass burners,
Further, a fuel production apparatus for a biomass burner, further comprising a re-injection apparatus for reinjecting the medium particles into the closed container for processing again in the fermentation / drying apparatus. In the biomass burner fuel production apparatus according to claim 1 .
A fuel production device for a biomass burner, comprising a heating device for burning only the small particles with a biomass burner and using a part of the generated heat energy to heat the organic waste contained in the closed container. In the biomass burner fuel production apparatus according to any one of claims 1 and 2 .
A biomass burner fuel production device including a supply device for varying the amount of small particles supplied from the storage device to the biomass burner, and capable of adjusting the generated heat energy. Using the biomass burner fuel production apparatus according to claim 1,
The object to be treated containing organic waste is placed in a closed container and stirred while heating to a predetermined temperature range under reduced pressure, and the organic matter is fermented using microorganisms to decompose malodorous components and reduce the volume. Fermentation and drying process to obtain things,
A classification step of classifying the dried product obtained in the fermentation and drying step into a suitable fuel suitable for combustion in a biomass burner and other fuels.
A method for producing a fuel for a biomass burner, which comprises at least a storage step for temporarily storing the conforming fuel.

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