JP3280493B2 - Fruit tree fusion cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a novel method for cultivating a fruit tree, wherein a plurality of seedlings of a deciduous fruit tree are twisted, fused and cultivated to tailor the tree body of the deciduous fruit tree like a benjamin. More specifically, by fusing trees of various varieties of deciduous fruit trees,
The varieties of deciduous fruit trees such as peach, plum, apple, etc., which make it possible to make the flowering time of the varieties uniform and also to significantly enhance the pollination, fruit set, and dwarfing effects of the tree It relates to a completely new tree fusion cultivation method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, some orchard varieties lack pollen or are incomplete and have no fertilizing ability, or the reproductive organs of either sexes are matured first and self-pollination is hindered temporally. Self-sterility due to such causes,
Alternatively, self-incompatibility due to self-pollination or low self-incompatibility due to self-pollination or fertility due to physiological causes, that is, fertilization depending on crosses, may be cultivated. In orchards, for example, methods of mixing and pollinating trees of different varieties, and performing cross-pollination by artificial pollination are widely practiced as general methods.

[0003] As a specific example, as a method of planting pollinated trees of different varieties, for example, a method of mixing planted Takasago varieties as pollinated trees is adopted for Napoleon varieties of peaches, and no pollen is obtained. For the peach white peach varieties, a method is adopted in which a non-early-growing varieties having pollen as pollinated trees, and a tree of another varieties as pollinated trees of the silvery varieties of chestnuts are mixed. However, such a method of mixing pollinated trees of different varieties requires a considerable area, and is not suitable for orchards with small areas and domestic fruit trees. Furthermore, in the case of the method, as the pollinated tree, it is necessary to select a variety that has the same flowering time as the cultivar of the fruit tree.Therefore, the range of the selection tends to be limited to a specific one. Have the above-mentioned problem.

[0004] In addition, although the method of causing cross-pollination by artificial pollination has the advantage of ensuring the fruiting of fruits, the method of artificial pollination is suitable mainly for small-scale pollination. When it is carried out on a large scale, it is very difficult to obtain and pollinate pollen, and there is a problem that the timing is limited so that it is necessary to secure a considerable labor.

In view of the above, conventionally, in the field of orchard horticulture, these problems have generally been solved as much as possible, and at the same time, the damage of soil pests, which is a problem in the actual cultivation stage, has been prevented, and the growth at low temperatures has been assisted. As a method of raising various effects such as enriching nutrient absorption, the cultivation method by grafting has been the simplest,
It has been used as an effective method.

That is, regarding the variety of orchard garden plants,
No matter how much breeding has progressed, it is extremely difficult to maintain excellent characteristics such as disease resistance and low temperature resistance of wild species, and at the same time stably retain excellent traits of cultivated species. Therefore, breeding has an aspect that requires years of research and development. There are many examples of disease-resistant varieties that have been cultivated and lose their disease resistance due to changes in disease-causing races.Therefore, a considerable amount of R & D investment is required to develop superior varieties. Become. For this reason, various attempts have been made to solve these problems by using the above-described method of growing seedlings by grafting as described above, and among these, various fruit tree varieties have been used. Numerous methods have been developed for.

[0007] Here, there is no shortage of listing them one by one, but a typical one of them is, for example, generally using the above-described grafting method by grafting. If you do so, complex handwork techniques such as shifting seedlings and scions of seedlings, sowning and cutting, synchronizing, cutting, joining and fixing, shading, keeping light and temperature and humidity while raising seedlings. There is a problem that skill and labor are required, and the work time is limited. To solve such a problem, conventionally, for example, combining a rootstock and a scion formation layer together A grafted seedling cultivation method in which a piece of tissue that has been grafted and cut so as to show a bonded surface is cultured, shoots are germinated and expanded from the rootstock and scion, and roots are rooted from the tip of the shoot from the rootstock (particularly JP-A-63-248322),
And various other technologies have been proposed. However, the method is limited to a method of mass-producing grafted seedlings mechanically and inexpensively by organ culture, and most of the other methods are related to methods for improving ordinary grafting techniques, etc. Therefore, these conventional techniques do not suggest the tree fusion cultivation method of the present invention in which the trees are fused and twisted together.

[0008] Further, as suitable for small-scale cultivation such as domestic fruit trees, for example, a pollinated tree is grafted to a trunk of a fruit tree of a dioecious variety or a self-sterile or self-incompatible variety. And a method of cultivating fruit trees characterized in that they are grafted or budded (Japanese Patent Publication No. 61-32930).

This method is characterized by artificially coexisting with branches that supply pollen, and a male and female tree of a dioecious tree species is grown on a single tree. And other varieties mainly for the purpose of supplying pollen, and thereby have the effect of controlling the flowering time, but these are only used for branch grafting, bud grafting, close grafting, etc. It is characterized in that it is performed using the so-called ordinary grafting method as it is,
The cultivation method does not technically go beyond the improvement of conventional grafting methods.

As described above, although various methods for cultivating orchard horticultural plants have been conventionally proposed, all of them use a method using organ culture or a normal grafting method such as cut-and-joint, bud-joint or close-joint. Most of these have been or have been improved, and the method is
In any case, the manual technique is complicated, requires skill and labor, and the work must be performed in a very short period of time, and the work time is greatly limited. However, because of the problem that its implementation is greatly restricted in terms of personnel and time, the industry is not able to achieve such effects without the need for such work skills. There was a strong demand for the development of new possible and simple cultivation techniques.

[0011]

In view of such a situation, the present inventor can surely solve the above-mentioned various problems of the conventional cultivation technique, and has a skill in manual work. As a result of intensive research aimed at developing a new cultivation technique that can be easily implemented without requiring labor, a so-called tree fusion cultivation method that twists and fuses multiple deciduous fruit tree seedlings is adopted. To achieve their intended purpose by doing
The present invention has been completed.

That is, the present invention provides a cultivation of fruit trees which can be easily carried out without the need for complicated and skillful and labor-intensive manual techniques as in conventional deciduous fruit tree cultivation techniques. It is intended to provide a method.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating a fruit tree in which branches of a plurality of different varieties of deciduous fruit trees can be integrally fused.

Further, the present invention makes it possible to integrally fuse the trunks of a plurality of deciduous fruit trees, adjust the flowering time of each variety to almost the same time, and to control the pollination rate and the fruit It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of cultivating a fruit tree that can significantly increase the fruit set rate.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating a fruit tree capable of integrally fusing the trunks of a plurality of species of deciduous fruit trees and significantly dwarfing the fruit tree as a whole. Is what you do.

[0016]

The present invention for achieving the above object is constituted by the following technical means (1) to (3). (1) A method for cultivating fruit trees, wherein a plurality of seedlings of different varieties of deciduous fruit trees are twisted, fused, and cultivated to produce a benjamin-like fruit tree.

(2) The method for cultivating fruit trees according to (1), wherein the defoliated fruit trees are cherry, plum, and apple.

(3) The method for cultivating a fruit tree according to (1), wherein the seedlings of two or three varieties are twisted and tailored like a benjamin.

Next, the present invention will be described in more detail. As a deciduous fruit tree referred to in the present invention, generally,
Cherry, plum, cultivated for the purpose of collecting fruits,
Although apples are exemplified as typical ones, the present invention is not limited to these, and the present invention can be further applied to other deciduous fruit trees such as chestnuts, kiwifruits, pears and the like. is there.

In the present invention, as described above, among such deciduous fruit trees, a plurality of seedlings of different varieties are prepared, twisted into an appropriate shape in their trunks, fused, and cultivated by being fused. It is characterized by tailoring. Here, Benjamin is
Benjamin (Benjamin)
jamin) is a form that is similar in form to the so-called torsion form of the trunk, which is known as a form when potted as a houseplant, but in the present invention, the tree is finally fused. Are technically completely different. In this case , it is important to prepare two to three seedlings of different varieties, fix them by twisting each other, and integrally form them. Further, in this case, the specific means is not particularly limited as long as the method of twisting can be formed integrally by twisting a plurality of seedling trunks together.
What is necessary is just to form in an appropriate form using an appropriate method, for example, while twisting two or three seedlings uniformly,
A preferred method is to fix this integrally as it is. The seedlings of different varieties fixed in such a state may be cultivated by an ordinary method and tailored in the form of benjamin.

In the above method, the seedlings to be twisted together
Is be of different varieties, also, the number of seedlings when keying torsion, for example, 2 to 5 present, particularly it is preferable that the two or three, but is not particularly limited thereto. Further, it is preferable that the twisted seedlings are fixed to the state in which the seedlings are twisted by using an appropriate fixing means such as a fixing device, a fixing tape, an adhesive, or the like, if necessary.

In the cultivation method of the present invention, specifically, for example, it is possible to suitably produce tree fusion varieties of various fruit trees by employing the following means and passing through each processing step. it can. 1. Preparation of Seedlings (1) Prepare first-year grafted seedlings in which seedlings of a variety are grafted on rootstocks. (2) These seedlings are dug up during the dormant period from the defoliation stage to germination.

2. Twisting of seedlings (1) Secure the rootstock and root of two seedlings of almost the same thickness and length with adhesive tape (electrical insulating vinyl tape). (2) Next, the two seedlings are twisted together. In this case, the force applied when the two seedlings are twisted is made uniform, and after the twisting operation is completed, the tip portion is taped in the same manner as above. Fix it. (3) When three seedlings are twisted together, twist the seedlings so that the three seedlings are aligned with the first twist. In this case, not only the stock, the root, and the tip, but also the middle is fixed with an adhesive tape. In addition, it is important to twist so that there is no gap in the twisted trunk, and in this case, care must be taken because if the gap is formed, pests and insects are likely to enter.

3. Seedling cultivation (1) As described above, seedlings that have been twisted are
Plant the graft so that the grafted part is above the ground (do not bury it in the soil). (2) The sprout germinated from the twisted portion is appropriately picked, but by doing so, the balance of the tree vigor can be maintained well. (3) The seedlings planted by twisting start to fuse after about six months (that is, callus is formed). (4) In the third year after planting, that is, two years after the flowering, flowering and fruiting will occur, and a morphologically tailored tree-jam-like tree fusion will be produced.

Next, in the cultivation method of the present invention, when the seedlings of the fruit tree are twisted together, the varieties of the fruit tree as described above can be appropriately combined. For example, when the method of the present invention is carried out , One of the methods included
As an example, it is also possible to combine a male and female tree of a dioecious tree species and a variety for fruiting and another variety mainly for the purpose of supplying pollen. Therefore, the method of the present invention can be suitably applied to small-scale cultivation such as domestic fruit trees. Even more surprisingly, when the varieties are combined in this manner, the flowering times of the varieties tend to be almost the same. In other words, according to the cultivation method of the present invention, for example, even when the original variety and the variety that originally differs in flowering time are combined, the flowering time of the original variety is flowered almost simultaneously, and the flowering time is adjusted to be uniform. be able to. Therefore, when selecting varieties to be combined, it is sufficient to select only varieties with high pollen production without much consideration of flowering time conditions, so that the pollination rate is improved and the fruit set is improved. Can be achieved at a high rate.

As described above, according to the cultivation method of the present invention,
As described above, when selecting varieties to be combined, it is possible to appropriately select an affinity variety having a high pollen production amount, so that it becomes easier to pollinate as compared with a normal cultivation method, and its pollination rate Can be further improved, and
It has the advantage that the fruit set effect of the fruit can be significantly increased. In addition, when a plurality of varieties having different trunk growths are combined, a remarkable tree dwarfing effect is exhibited as a whole, which is useful as a method for regulating the growth of the trunks of fruit trees. Regarding the above-mentioned configuration adopted by the method of the present invention and such an effect obtained by the configuration,
According to the knowledge of the present inventor, no examples reported so far have been found, and it can be said that these are novel findings discovered by the present inventor.

Next, when actually practicing the cultivation method of the present invention, the seedlings twisted by the above method may be cultivated as they are, and the sapling may be cultivated by a conventional method.

[0028]

Next, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Example 1 One seedling of the varieties Takasago, a kind of peach that blooms but does not bear fruit in one planting, was prepared. The seedlings used were first-year seedlings cut and joined to the Aobazakura rootstock and excavated in early spring. On the other hand, two seedlings of the variety Sato Nishiki were prepared. The seedlings were obtained by digging in the early spring a one-year-old seedling grafted on the Aobazakura rootstock.

Using three seedlings of these fruit tree varieties, the rootstock of the seedlings and the upper part of the graft were fixed with adhesive tape. The stems were twisted together without any gaps, and the middle and top portions were wrapped and fixed with adhesive tape to form a so-called benjamin-like seedling. The seedlings thus created were planted in flowerpots having a diameter of 30 to 40 cm and cultivation was started by a usual method. Two years after twisting, three days later than the flowering time of the original Takasago variety, it bloomed at the same time as the Sato Nishiki variety, and in mid-May both fruited.

The fruit trees cultivated by the method of the present embodiment had the following characteristics. (1) As for the flowering time, the varieties having originally different flowering times were flowering at the same time, and the flowering time of each variety was uniformed. (2) For pollination, the pollination rate was improved. (3) With regard to fruit set and its time, both varieties were set at the same time between May 15 and 20. The rate of fruit set has also increased. (4) About the degree of dwarfing of the tree, it was 30% dwarfed as compared with a normal tree without fusing. (5) There is no need for artificial pollination. It should be noted that deciduous fruit trees such as plums, apples, chestnuts, kiwifruits, and pears can be prepared like Benjamin by the same method, and almost the same results as above were obtained.

[0031]

As described above in detail, the present invention relates to a method for cultivating a fruit tree, which is characterized in that a plurality of seedlings of different varieties of deciduous fruit trees are twisted and cultivated to produce a benjamin-like fruit tree. According to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. (1) The flowering times of the combined varieties become almost the same, and the flowering times of the varieties which originally have different flowering times can be made uniform. (2) By adjusting the flowering time, pollination is facilitated and the pollination rate is improved, and as a result, the fruit set rate can be significantly increased. (3) By combining fruit trees of different varieties and forming them integrally, a remarkable dwarfing effect appears on the whole fruit tree, and the growth of the fruit tree can be regulated. (4) It is possible to achieve a high fruiting effect even in a small-sized or small-sized orchard or home. (5) Appropriate varieties can be selected and used in combination without being limited by differences in flowering time, presence or absence of pollinated trees, and the like.

[Brief description of the drawings]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram (photograph relating to the form of a living organism) of a cherry product made into a Benjamin-like product by twisting and fusing seedlings of a plurality of varieties by the method of the present invention.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01G 1/06 A01G 17/00

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method of cultivating a fruit tree, wherein a plurality of seedlings of different varieties of deciduous fruit trees are twisted, fused and cultivated to produce a benjamin-like fruit tree. 2. The method for cultivating fruit trees according to claim 1, wherein the deciduous fruit trees are cherry, plum and apple. 3. The method for cultivating a fruit tree according to claim 1, wherein the seedlings of two or three varieties are twisted and tailored like benjamin.