JP3275804B2 - Waste incineration device, waste incineration control device, and waste incineration method for suppressing generation of dioxins - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a refuse incineration apparatus and method for suppressing generation of dioxins.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The generation and emission of extremely toxic dioxins have been confirmed in incinerators for municipal waste or industrial waste. Conventionally, dioxins are a type of hydrocarbon and are thought to be generated from unburned components and chlorine in the incineration process. Therefore, measure the amount of carbon monoxide (CO) that is an indicator of flammability, that is, the generation of unburned components. And this C
It is common practice to perform combustion control in a direction to reduce the amount of O generation. An example of such a combustion control technique using the amount of generated CO as an index is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-99411 (hereinafter referred to as Prior Document 1), and the combustion is controlled so that the amount of generated CO is reduced. It is described that the effect of suppressing the generation of unburned components such as dioxins can be improved.

A refuse incinerator to which the technology disclosed in the above-mentioned prior art document 1 is applied determines whether the amount of water sprayed into the combustion furnace or the amount of primary air supplied to the combustion furnace is excessive or insufficient based on the furnace temperature and the amount of CO generated. A control amount calculating section for generating each supply control signal, and a spray water amount and 1
It is composed of supply control means for adjusting the amount of secondary air.

[0004]

However, the use of the amount of generated CO as an index of combustion control as in the refuse incinerator disclosed in the above-mentioned prior art document 1 may be correct in a limited case. , Is not necessarily correct in all cases. That is, it is impossible in principle for the following reasons. Unburned components generated by refuse combustion are roughly classified into aliphatic compounds and aromatic compounds, and those obtained by chlorinating these compounds.
In theory, for example, the bond dissociation energy of a carbon-carbon bond is smaller in an aliphatic compound than in an aromatic compound due to resonance stabilization of the aromatic compound. In other words, it means that the bond of the aliphatic compound is easier to be broken, and the compound is more likely to burn in a burning process or the like. Therefore, under a certain primary air amount, if the furnace temperature becomes high due to fluctuations in the quality of the refuse and the combustibility is improved, the primary air amount becomes insufficient and the CO concentration becomes high. In this case, the burnable aliphatic compound burns preferentially, and the aromatic compound remains relatively. on the other hand,
Similarly, when the furnace temperature becomes low under a constant primary air amount and the combustibility decreases, incomplete combustion occurs and the CO concentration increases. In this case, it is assumed that the concentration of both the aliphatic compound and the aromatic compound becomes high. That is, when the CO concentration starts to increase to a minimum value when the furnace temperature is high, the CO concentration increases as a result of a shortage of primary air due to preferential combustion of the aliphatic compound. Therefore, it is supposed that the contribution of the decomposition and combustion of the aromatic dioxins is relatively small. The CO concentration increase at this time is 1
It is a measure of the shortage of the next air volume, and is not necessarily an index of generation or increase of unburned components such as aromatic compounds.

Further, when only the CO concentration is used as an index,
Measurement of the CO concentration is easy. However, it does not include any information on the chlorination reaction of aromatic compounds. Therefore, direct information on dioxins cannot be obtained. Therefore, controlling the combustion to an appropriate amount with a small amount of CO generation generally reflects the generation amount of unburned components. In other words,
At a high unburned amount generation level in the refuse incinerator of the previous generation, the effect of the combustion control using the CO concentration as an index is recognized. However, at an extremely low level of unburned matter generated in a recent state-of-the-art waste incinerator, it is not possible to further suppress and reduce the generation of unburned matter, particularly dioxins, by combustion control using the CO concentration as an index.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and a waste incineration apparatus and waste incineration capable of achieving further control and reduction of dioxins which could not be achieved by combustion control using CO concentration as an index. Control device and
Provide a waste incineration method.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a combustion furnace for burning refuse in combustion air therein, and an emission measuring means for measuring an amount of chlorobenzenes or chlorophenols generated in the combustion furnace. Oxygen measuring means for measuring the oxygen concentration in the combustion furnace and / or furnace temperature measuring means for measuring the furnace temperature of the combustion furnace; and the chlorobenzenes or chloroforms measured by the generation amount measuring means. Based on the data on the amount of phenols generated and the data on the oxygen concentration measured by the oxygen measuring means and / or the data on the furnace temperature measured by the furnace temperature measuring means, the amount of refuse supplied to the combustion furnace and And / or an arithmetic unit for determining whether the amount of combustion air supplied to the combustion furnace is excessive or deficient and generating a control signal, and for supplying the waste and / or the combustion according to the control signal. Providing suppressing waste incinerator generation of dioxins, characterized in that it comprises a supply amount adjusting means for adjusting the air amount. Further, the present invention provides an emission amount measuring means for measuring an amount of chlorobenzenes or chlorophenols generated in a combustion furnace, an oxygen measurement means for measuring an oxygen concentration in the combustion furnace, and / or a furnace for the combustion furnace. Furnace temperature measuring means for measuring the internal temperature, data on the amount of the chlorobenzenes or chlorophenols generated by the generated amount measuring means, and the oxygen concentration and / or the inside of the furnace measured by the oxygen measuring means. Based on the data of the furnace temperature measured by the temperature measuring means,
A calculating unit for determining whether the amount of refuse supplied to the combustion furnace and / or the amount of combustion air supplied to the combustion furnace is excessive or deficient and generating a control signal; and the refuse supply amount and / or the combustion air according to the control signal. A waste incineration control device for suppressing generation of dioxins, comprising: a supply amount adjusting means for adjusting the amount.

[0008] In the present invention, in the operation unit,
Determining that the concentration of the chlorobenzenes or the chlorophenols is high from the generation amount data of the chlorobenzenes or the chlorophenols, and (a) the oxygen concentration is high and / or the furnace temperature is low;
Or (b) when it is determined that the oxygen concentration is low and / or the furnace temperature is high, the amount of refuse supplied to the combustion furnace and / or Preferably, a control signal for the amount of combustion air to be supplied is generated. Further, in the present invention, when the calculation unit determines that the concentration of the chlorobenzenes or the chlorophenols is high based on the generation amount data of the chlorobenzenes or the chlorophenols, the generation amount is reduced. Generate a control signal,
The control signal includes: (a) adjusting the waste supply amount and / or decreasing the combustion air amount when it is determined that the oxygen concentration is high and / or the furnace temperature is low; If it is determined that the oxygen concentration is low and / or the furnace temperature is high, it is preferable to perform adjustment to reduce the amount of waste supplied and / or increase the amount of combustion air. Further, in the present invention, it is preferable to further include a water spraying unit, and a unit for adjusting a water spraying amount based on data on the amount of the chlorobenzenes or the chlorophenols measured by the generation amount measuring unit. . Further, in the present invention, it is preferable that an emission amount measuring means for measuring an emission amount of the chlorobenzenes or the chlorophenols analyzes the exhaust gas.

Further, the present invention relates to a refuse incineration method for burning refuse in combustion air inside a combustion furnace, wherein the amount of chlorobenzenes or chlorophenols generated in the combustion furnace is determined. Measuring the oxygen concentration and / or the furnace temperature; and performing the combustion on the basis of the measurement data of the generation amount of the chlorobenzenes or the chlorophenols and the measurement data of the oxygen concentration and / or the furnace temperature. Determining whether the amount of refuse supplied to the furnace and / or the amount of combustion air supplied to the combustion furnace is excessive or deficient, and determining whether the amount of refuse supplied and / or the amount of combustion air is excessive or deficient, The amount of the refuse supplied and / or the amount of the combustion air is adjusted so that the amount of the chlorobenzenes or the chlorophenols generated in the combustion furnace is reduced. It provides a refuse incineration method of suppressing the generation of dioxins, characterized in that it comprises the that step.

In the present invention, in the determining step, it is determined that the concentration of the chlorobenzenes or the chlorophenols is high from the data on the amount of the chlorobenzenes or the chlorophenols generated, and
(A) when it is determined that the oxygen concentration is high and / or the furnace temperature is low, or (b) the oxygen concentration is low and / or the furnace temperature is high, It is preferable to determine whether the supply amount and / or the amount of combustion air supplied to the combustion furnace is excessive or insufficient. Further, in the present invention, when it is determined in the determining step that the concentration of the chlorobenzenes or the chlorophenols is high from the data on the amount of the chlorobenzenes or the chlorophenols generated, the amount of the refuse supplied to the combustion furnace is determined. And / or determining whether the amount of combustion air supplied to the combustion furnace is excessive or deficient. The determination includes: (a) when determining that the oxygen concentration is high and / or the furnace temperature is low, (B) when it is determined that the oxygen concentration is low and / or the furnace temperature is high, the waste supply amount is excessive and / or It is preferable to determine that the amount of combustion air is insufficient. Further, in the present invention, a step of determining whether the amount of water sprayed to the combustion furnace is excessive or insufficient based on the measurement data of the amount of the chlorobenzenes or the chlorophenols generated; Preferably, the method further comprises the step of adjusting the amount of the water spray so that the amount of the chlorobenzenes or the chlorophenols generated in the combustion furnace decreases based on the amount of the water spray. Further, in the present invention, in the determining step, it is determined whether the water spray amount to the combustion furnace is excessive or insufficient based on the measurement data of the generation amount of the chlorobenzenes or the chlorophenols and the measurement data of the furnace temperature. Is preferred.

[0011]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the refuse incineration apparatus of the present invention. The refuse incinerator 10 according to the present embodiment includes a combustion furnace 11 for burning refuse therein. Although the furnace type of the combustion furnace 11 is not particularly limited, for example, a stoker type or a fluidized bed type is used.

The combustion furnace 11 is provided with a generation amount measuring means 12. The generation amount measuring means 12 includes the combustion furnace 11
The amount of chlorobenzenes (CBs) or chlorophenols (CPs) generated in the above is measured. Here, the chlorobenzenes are monocyclic aromatic compounds having at least a chlorine atom as a substituent such as monochlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, and trichlorobenzene. Chlorophenols are monocyclic aromatic compounds having at least one chlorine atom and a hydroxyl group as substituents such as monochlorophenol and dichlorophenol. Chlorobenzenes and chlorophenols are unburned components of garbage, have a part of the chemical structure similar to dioxins, have almost the same formation behavior, and are highly correlated with dioxins.

The generation amount measuring means 12 measures chlorobenzenes or chlorophenols. The generation amount measuring means 12 is preferably a real-time automatic analyzer (rapid automatic analyzer) capable of measuring these factors substantially in real time. Further, it is preferable to use a type such as a recent refuse combustion furnace which can measure even a concentration level at which the emission of chlorobenzenes or chlorophenols is extremely small (for example, about 1 μg / Nm ³ or less). The above conditions can be achieved by, for example, the following measuring means. That is, it is an application of laser multiphoton ionization mass spectrometry. In this laser multiphoton ionization mass spectrometer, a gas sample is introduced into a vacuum through a small-diameter nozzle, and cooled to near absolute zero by adiabatic expansion. This is called a supersonic molecular jet. In this state, molecular motion such as vibration and rotation of the molecule is suppressed, so that ionization occurs only by laser irradiation of a very narrow wavelength corresponding to the molecular structure of each compound. Therefore, if the mass spectrometer is connected, only the ionized compound molecules proceed to the mass spectrometer and are detected. Therefore, even in an exhaust gas sample in which various compounds coexist, the compound to be measured can be separated and analyzed without being affected by other compounds.
Can be detected (quantified). Here, as the laser, an excimer laser, a dye laser excited by a yag laser, or an optical parametric laser can be used.

The mass spectrometer is not particularly limited, and a quadrupole type, a double focusing type, a time-of-flight type, etc. can be used, but a time-of-flight type is preferable in consideration of operability and stability. Usually, it can be performed in milliseconds for introduction, nanoseconds for laser irradiation, and tens of microseconds for mass spectrometer detection.
Since measurement can be performed in a maximum of 10 milliseconds even when the whole is combined, real-time measurement becomes possible.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the combustion furnace 11 is preferably provided with O ₂ (oxygen) measuring means 101 and / or in-furnace temperature measuring means 102. The oxygen measuring means 101 measures the O ₂ (oxygen) concentration in the combustion furnace. The furnace temperature measuring means 102 measures the furnace temperature in the combustion furnace. These O ₂ concentration and the furnace temperature can be an agent that estimates the cause of the incomplete combustion of the combustion furnace. Oxygen measuring means 101 and / or furnace temperature measuring means 102
Is also preferable to be a real-time automatic analyzer (rapid automatic analyzer) capable of measuring each measurement object substantially in real time.

Generation amount measuring means 12, oxygen measuring means 101
And / or the in-furnace temperature measuring means 102 includes the arithmetic unit 1
3 are connected so as to be able to transmit data output from each means. The calculation unit 13 stores data on the amount of generated chlorobenzenes or chlorophenols, oxygen concentration, and / or furnace temperature (hereinafter, referred to as “the furnace temperature”) measured by the above-described means.
Measurement data) is transmitted. The calculation unit 13 determines a factor correlated with the combustion of the refuse in the combustion furnace 11, for example, an excess or deficiency of the refuse supply amount and / or the combustion air amount, based on the measured amount data, and generates a control signal.

The waste incinerator 10 has a supply amount adjusting means for adjusting a waste supply amount and / or a combustion air amount which is correlated with the combustion of the waste in accordance with the control signal generated by the above-mentioned arithmetic unit 13. Specifically, the refuse incinerator 10
As shown in FIG. 1, the amount of waste supplied to the combustion furnace 11 (speed)
Supply adjusting means 14 capable of adjusting the temperature and combustion furnace 1
1 is provided with a combustion air amount adjusting means 15 capable of supplying air to and adjusting the supply amount of the air, and at least one of them is connected so that a control signal can be transmitted to the arithmetic unit 13.

If the combustion furnace has a water spray mechanism for controlling the temperature of the furnace, it is connected so that the control signal generated by the arithmetic unit 13 can be transmitted, and has a correlation with the combustion of refuse. It is also possible to provide a water spray amount adjusting means 16 for the combustion furnace 11.

The refuse supply amount adjusting means 14 adjusts, for example, a refuse hopper charging interval for charging refuse into the combustion furnace, a dust feeding pusher speed for supplying the refuse to the grate, and a combustion speed of the refuse on the grate. Adjust the grate speed, etc.
It may be a waste supply means capable of adjusting the amount of waste and the combustion state in the combustion furnace 11. The combustion air amount adjusting means 15 conveys the primary combustion air and / or the secondary combustion air, for example, when supplying the primary combustion air and / or the secondary combustion air into the combustion furnace 11 by a pump. It may be a regulating valve provided in the pipe. The water spray amount adjusting means 16 may be, for example, an adjusting valve provided on a pipe that conveys water when water is supplied into the combustion furnace 11 by a pump.

Since the refuse combustion furnace process is a multivariable interference system having non-linear characteristics as an arithmetic means for generating control signals for these adjusting means, it is possible to apply non-linear control or fuzzy control to the detailed process. Control becomes possible. In particular, fuzzy control has a feature that control rules can be described linguistically and parameters are easy.

As a specific example, Table 1 shows a procedure for controlling and adjusting the amount of waste supplied and / or the amount of combustion air from the measured amount data by the calculation unit 13 and a specific calculation method thereof. First, it is determined whether the current combustion state satisfies the conditions shown in the state quantities in Table 1. When these conditions apply, the control shown in the operation unit of Table 1 is executed. As a result of the execution of this control, according to the increment or decrement set in advance for each condition, the waste supply adjustment means 1
4 and / or adjust the combustion air amount adjusting means 15.

[0022]

[Table 1]

In Table 1, it is assumed that at least one piece of data of O ₂ and the furnace temperature has been taken into the arithmetic unit 13. Further, (1) of the operation unit in Table 1 is when the operation amount is only the combustion air amount, (2) is when the operation amount is only the waste supply amount, and (3) is the operation amount is the combustion air amount and the waste supply amount. This is the adjustment method at the time.

Rule 1 is a rule that when the measured chlorobenzene concentration or chlorophenol concentration is both low, normal combustion is being performed, so that the amount of combustion air and the amount of refuse supplied are not adjusted. Rule 2 is that when the concentration of chlorobenzene or chlorophenol is high and the concentration of O ₂ is high and / or the temperature in the furnace is low, the combustion state is not actively performed due to excess oxygen, so the combustion supplied to the furnace is The rule is to reduce the amount of air and / or increase the amount of refuse supplied to restore combustion. Rule 3 is that when the concentration of chlorobenzene or chlorophenol is high and the concentration of O ₂ is low and / or the temperature in the furnace is high, the combustion state is not actively performed due to oxygen deficiency. The rule is to increase the amount of air and / or reduce the amount of waste supplied to restore combustion.

Next, as an example of a specific calculation method based on these control rules, a case where only the chlorobenzene concentration and the oxygen concentration as the measurement amount data and the combustion air amount shown in (1) of Table 1 as the operation amount will be described. I do.

FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing the conditions in Table 1. Starting from START in FIG. 2, it is determined at regular intervals whether or not the conditions of S1 and S2 are satisfied, and finally a correction amount W is determined. This correction amount W and the previous value U _{K− of the} combustion air are determined. The current value U _K of the combustion air amount is derived from ₁ .

In FIG. 2, CB represents chlorobenzene concentration, and O ₂ represents oxygen concentration. Further, CB _H is an adjustment parameter for determining the upper limit determination value of the chlorobenzene concentration, O _HL
Is a parameter for determining the level of the O ₂ concentration. Also,
G ₁ and G ₂ are adjustment parameters for giving the decrement amount and the increase amount of the combustion air amount, respectively.

Referring to FIG. 2, control of the combustion air amount will be described. In step S1, a condition of CB (chlorobenzene concentration)> CB _H (chlorobenzene concentration upper limit) is determined. If this condition is not satisfied, W is set to 0 according to rule 1 in Table 1. If satisfied, go to step S2. In step S2, O ₂ (oxygen concentration)>
The condition of O _HL (oxygen concentration high / low determination value) is determined. If this condition is satisfied, W is set to G according to rule 2 in Table 1.
Set to ₁ . If not, set W to G ₂ according to rule 3 in Table 1.

As described above, the correction amount W is determined, and the current value U _K of the combustion air amount is derived from the correction amount W and the previous value U _K-1 according to the following equation. U _K = U _{K -1} + W As a result, the optimum combustion air amount U _K for suppressing the generation of dioxins in the combustion furnace 11 is obtained.

Next, when the water spray mechanism is provided in the combustion furnace, the procedure for controlling and adjusting the water spray amount by the arithmetic unit 13 based on the chlorobenzene concentration or chlorophenol concentration and the furnace temperature and its specifics. Table 2 shows an example of a typical calculation method. First, it is sequentially determined whether the current combustion state satisfies the conditions shown in the state quantities in Table 2. When these conditions apply, the control shown in the operation unit of Table 2 is executed. As a result of the execution of this control, the water spray amount adjusting means 16 is adjusted according to the increment or decrement set in advance for each condition.

[0031]

[Table 2]

Rule 1 is that when the measured chlorobenzene concentration or chlorophenol concentration is high and the furnace temperature is low, the combustion balance is disturbed because the furnace is excessively cooled by water spray, so that the water spray The rule is to reduce the amount and restore the combustion state. Rule 2 is a rule that when the chlorobenzene concentration or chlorophenol concentration is low but the furnace temperature is high, the combustion state is normal but the amount of water spray is increased in order to prevent deterioration of the furnace wall due to high temperature.

Next, as an example of a specific calculation method based on these control rules, a case where the measured amount data is chlorobenzene concentration and furnace temperature, and the operation amount is water spray amount will be described.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the conditions in Table 2. According to the flowchart starting from START in FIG. 3, it is determined at regular intervals whether or not each of the conditions S1, S2, and S3 is satisfied, and the correction amount Y is finally determined. this value R _K of water spray amount is derived from the value R _K-1.

In FIG. 3, CB indicates the chlorobenzene concentration, and _Tf indicates the furnace temperature. Further, CB _H is an adjustment parameter for determining the upper limit determination value of the chlorobenzene concentration, T
_H and _TL are parameters for determining the upper and lower limits of the furnace temperature. H ₁ and H ₂ are adjustment parameters for giving the decrement and increment of the water spray amount, respectively.

Referring to FIG. 3, control of the water spray amount will be described. In step S1, a condition of CB (chlorobenzene concentration)> CB _H (chlorobenzene concentration upper limit) is determined. If this condition is satisfied, the process proceeds to step S2; otherwise, the process proceeds to step S3. Step S
In 2, the condition of _Tf (furnace temperature) < _TL (furnace temperature lower limit discrimination value) is determined. If you meet this condition,
The Y according to the rules 1 in Table 2 is set to H _1, the Y is not satisfied is set to 0. In step S3, the condition of _Tf (furnace temperature)> _TH (furnace temperature upper limit determination value) is determined. If this condition is satisfied, Y is set to H ₂ according to rule 2 in Table 2, and if not, Y is set to 0.

[0037] By the above, the correction amount Y is determined, according to the calculation formula from the correction amount Y and the previous value R _K-1, the current value R _K of water spray amount is derived. R _K = R _K-1 + Y As a result, an optimal water spray amount R _K for suppressing the generation of dioxins in the combustion furnace 11 is obtained.

In the control method described above, when a real-time automatic analyzer capable of measuring chlorobenzenes or chlorophenols substantially in real time is used as the measuring means 12, more appropriate combustion control is performed. And the effect of reducing dioxins is improved.

Further, the method for suppressing the generation of dioxins according to the embodiment of the present invention is described in the following.
The amount of chlorobenzenes or chlorophenols generated in 1, the oxygen concentration and / or the furnace temperature are measured, and the amount of waste supplied and / or the amount of combustion air is adjusted based on the measured data. When the water spray mechanism is provided in the combustion furnace, the water spray amount can be adjusted based on the measured amount data. As a result, the amount of refuse supplied to the combustion furnace 11 and / or the amount of combustion air and the amount of water spray are maintained at appropriate values such that the amount of chlorobenzenes or chlorophenols generated is extremely small. The generation of dioxins in the device can be further suppressed.

[0040]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A description will now be given of tests conducted to confirm the effect of reducing dioxins in waste incineration using the waste incinerator of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic structure around a combustion chamber of a stoker type waste incinerator used in this embodiment. This waste incinerator 50
Comprises a combustion chamber 51. On the inlet side of the combustion chamber 51,
A dust supply pusher 120 for supplying the refuse input by the refuse input hopper 52 to the grate and a grate 53 for sequentially shaking and burning the refuse sent by the pusher are provided. The grate 53 is provided with a grate speed adjuster 53a capable of supplying dust on the grate at an arbitrary speed. As a supply source of the combustion air, the primary combustion air supply unit 5
A fifth and primary combustion air regulator 55a, a secondary combustion air supply unit 58, and a secondary combustion air regulator 58a are provided. The primary combustion air supply unit 55 and the primary combustion air amount adjuster 55a supply the primary combustion air onto the grate 53 via the wind box 54 divided into four parts in the combustion chamber 11. The secondary combustion air supply unit 58 and the secondary combustion air amount adjuster 58a are located above the grate 53 and the intermediate ceiling 57.
The secondary combustion air is supplied to the space region in the combustion chamber 11 divided by the above. A boiler 59 is connected to the outlet side of the combustion chamber 51. A gas cooling tower (not shown) and a dust remover (bag filter) (not shown) are sequentially provided downstream of the boiler 59.

The refuse incinerator 50 has a CB measuring device 61 for measuring chlorobenzenes generated in the combustion chamber 51.
O ₂ measuring device 110 for measuring the O ₂ is attached with. The arithmetic unit 62 is electrically connected to the CB measuring device 61 and the O ₂ measuring device 110 so that the measurement data signals from the measuring devices 61 and 110 are transmitted. The arithmetic unit 62 is electrically connected to a grate speed adjuster 53a, which is a means for adjusting the amount of waste supplied, and a secondary combustion air amount adjuster 58a, which is a means for adjusting the amount of combustion air.
The control signal from the arithmetic unit 62 can be transmitted.

In this embodiment, a laser multiphoton ionization mass spectrometry technique, which is a method for measuring chlorobenzenes in real time, is used for the CB measuring device 61. Exhaust gas was sampled at a dust collector outlet flange at a pump rate of 1 l / min by a pump, and a sample introduction part of a laser multiphoton ionization mass spectrometer was connected in the middle of the exhaust gas sampling. The sample introduction section has a 0.8 mm diameter nozzle, and is composed of a pulse valve and a high vacuum section which are opened intermittently for 2 msec at a rate of 10 times per second. When the pulse valve opens, a jet is formed that is cooled to near absolute zero. A dye laser (wavelength: 269.8 nm, laser energy: 2 mJ) excited by a yag laser was synchronized with the molecular jet for 5 ns in synchronization with the opening of the pulse valve.
c irradiation. In the subsequent stage, a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (flight distance: 450 mm, detector: microchannel plate) is placed to quantify monochlorobenzene that is ionized under the above conditions and detected with high sensitivity. The obtained monochlorobenzene generation amount data was fed back to the grate speed controller 53a and the secondary combustion air amount controller 58a via the calculation unit 62.

The refuse incinerator 5 shown in FIG. 4 as described above.
At 0, a signal of monochlorobenzene from CB measuring device 61 is real-time measuring device, O ₂ measuring device 1
10 to O ₂ detection signals were generated at a rate of once every 10 seconds. The arithmetic unit 62 performs an arithmetic operation on these signals in accordance with the arithmetic method according to the control rule shown in Table 1 described above, and adjusts the grate speed as an adjustment of the refuse supply amount so as to reduce the amount of CB generated. Was burned by adjusting the amount of secondary combustion air as adjustment of the amount of combustion air.

FIG. 5 shows the operation pattern at this time. The variation of oxygen by the O ₂ measuring device 110 provided downstream of the dust remover was 6.1% to 8.1%. Under this operating condition, the exhaust gas was sampled for 2 hours from the sampling hole at the outlet side of the dust remover operating at 200 ° C. in accordance with the US EPA method. The obtained sample is analyzed by the analysis method generally used for dioxins (based on concentration and cleanup by manual analysis and quantification by a high-performance gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer) to determine the amount of dioxins. (Concentration in terms of toxicity (ng-TEQ / Nm ³ )) was determined. Table 3 shows the results.
Shown in

[0045]

[Table 3]

(Comparative Example) In the same refuse incinerator as in the embodiment, instead of receiving the signal from the CB measuring device 61,
A general carbon monoxide concentration meter (CO concentration meter) is arranged downstream of the dust remover to receive a signal, and the garbage supply speed, Combustion was performed while changing the primary air amount and the secondary air amount. The operation at this time is shown in FIG. The variation of the oxygen concentration is slightly different from that of the embodiment, and
6.7%. In this state, exhaust gas sampling was performed in the same manner as in the example, and dioxins were quantified. Table 3 shows the results. As is clear from Table 3, the dioxin concentration could be further reduced by the refuse incineration method in the refuse incinerator 50 of the example as compared with the comparative example.

[0047]

As described above, according to the refuse incineration apparatus and method of the present invention, the amount of chlorobenzenes or chlorophenols having a similar chemical structure to that of dioxins and a similar production behavior, The oxygen concentration in the combustion furnace and / or the temperature in the furnace are measured, and combustion control is performed so that the amount of chlorobenzenes or chlorophenols generated is reduced. Thereby, generation of dioxins in the refuse incinerator can be reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a refuse incinerator according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a flowchart of a control method in the refuse incineration method of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing another example of a flowchart of a control method in the refuse incineration method of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic structure around a combustion chamber of a stalker type waste incinerator used in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 shows the chlorobenzene concentration or CO with respect to the oxygen concentration of the incineration exhaust gas obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing a change in density.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Garbage incinerator 11 ... Combustion furnace 12 ... Generation amount measuring means 101 ... Oxygen measuring means 102 ... Furnace temperature measuring means 13 ... Calculation part 14 ... Garbage supply amount adjusting means 15 ... Combustion air amount adjusting means 16 ... Water spray amount Adjusting means 50 ... Garbage incinerator 51 ... Combustion chamber 52 ... Garbage hopper 53 ... Grate 53a ... Grate speed regulator 54 ... Wind box 55 ... Primary combustion air supply unit 55a ... Primary combustion air amount regulator 57 ... intermediate ceiling 58 ... secondary combustion air supply 58a ... secondary combustion air quantity regulator 59 ... boiler 61 ... CB measuring device 62 ... computing unit 110 ... O ₂ measuring device CB ... chlorobenzene concentration CB _H ... chlorobenzene concentration upper limit determination value to determine the adjustment parameter O _HL ... adjustment path which gives a reduced amount of the correction amount G ₁ ... combustion air quantity for the parameters W ... combustion air quantity for determining the level of the O ₂ concentration Parameters Y ... water spray amount to determine the lower limit of the parameter T _L ... furnace temperature to determine the upper limit of the adjustment parameter T _f ... combustion furnace temperature T _H ... furnace temperature to give increments of meter G ₂ ... amount of combustion air H ₁ … an adjustment parameter that gives the decrement of the water spray amount H ₂ … an adjustment parameter that gives the increment of the water spray amount

Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Manabu Kuroda 1-1-2 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Nippon Kokan Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Takashi Yokoyama 1-1-2 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Nippon Kokan Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-8-110027 (JP, A) JP-A-4-161849 (JP, A) JP-A-5-99411 (JP, A) JP-A-4-208306 (JP, A) 62-46118 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) F23G 5/50

Claims (15)

(57) [Claims] 1. Combustion of refuse in combustion air inside
A combustion furnace, Chlorobenzene or chloropheno in the combustion furnace
Emission amount measuring means for measuring the generation amount of tools, Oxygen measuring means for measuring the oxygen concentration in the combustion furnace;
And / or furnace temperature measurement for measuring the furnace temperature of the combustion furnace.
Setting means, The chlorobenzenes and the like measured by the generation amount measuring means
Or the data on the amount of chlorophenols generated and the acid
The oxygen concentration measured by the element measurement means and / or
To the furnace temperature data measured by the furnace temperature measuring means.
Based on the amount of waste supplied to the combustion furnace and / or
Judging and controlling the amount of combustion air supplied to the combustion furnace
An arithmetic unit for generating a signal; According to the control signal the refuse supply amount and / or
Supply amount adjusting means for adjusting the combustion air amount.
Garbage that suppresses the generation of dioxins
Device. 2. The computer according to claim 1, wherein Of the chlorobenzenes or the chlorophenols
From the emission data, the chlorobenzenes or
Determined that the concentration of rophenols is high, and (A) high oxygen concentration and / or furnace temperature
Is low, or (B) the oxygen concentration is low and / or the furnace temperature
Is high, To reduce the amount of waste, supply waste to the combustion furnace.
Supply and / or the amount of combustion air supplied to the combustion furnace
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the control signal is generated.
A refuse incinerator that suppresses the generation of oxins. 3. The arithmetic unit according to claim 2, Of the chlorobenzenes or the chlorophenols
From the emission data, the chlorobenzenes or
When it is determined that the concentration of rophenols is high,
A control signal is generated to reduce the amount of
The issue is (A) high oxygen concentration and / or furnace temperature
If the waste is determined to be low, the waste supply amount is increased and
And / or make adjustments to reduce the amount of combustion air , (B) the oxygen concentration is low and / or the furnace temperature
If the waste is determined to be high, the waste
And / or performing adjustment to increase the amount of combustion air.
The generation of dioxins according to claim 1 is suppressed.
Rubbish incinerator. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising water spraying means, and means for adjusting the water spraying amount based on data on the amount of the chlorobenzenes or chlorophenols measured by the generation amount measuring means. Claims 1 to
3. A refuse incinerator that suppresses the generation of dioxins according to any one of 3 . 5. suppress the occurrence of the chlorobenzenes or the chlorophenols claims 1 to 4 dioxins according to any one of the generation amount measuring means for measuring, characterized in that analyzing the exhaust gas amount of generated Waste incineration equipment. 6. A chlorobenzene or chlorobenzene in a combustion furnace.
A means for measuring the amount of lorophenols generated
When, Oxygen measuring means for measuring the oxygen concentration in the combustion furnace;
And / or furnace temperature measurement for measuring the furnace temperature of the combustion furnace.
Setting means, The chlorobenzenes and the like measured by the generation amount measuring means
Or the data on the amount of chlorophenols generated and the acid
The oxygen concentration measured by the element measurement means and / or
To the furnace temperature data measured by the furnace temperature measuring means.
Based on the amount of waste supplied to the combustion furnace and / or
Judging and controlling the amount of combustion air supplied to the combustion furnace
An arithmetic unit for generating a signal; According to the control signal the refuse supply amount and / or
Supply amount adjusting means for adjusting the combustion air amount.
Garbage that suppresses the generation of dioxins
Control device. 7. The operation unit, Of the chlorobenzenes or the chlorophenols
From the emission data, the chlorobenzenes or
It is determined that the concentration of rophenols is high, and (a)
The oxygen concentration is high and / or the furnace temperature is low,
Or (B) the oxygen concentration is low and / or the furnace temperature
Is high, To reduce the amount of waste, supply waste to the combustion furnace.
Supply and / or the amount of combustion air supplied to the combustion furnace
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the control signal is generated.
Waste incineration control device that suppresses the generation of ioxins. 8. The operation unit, Of the chlorobenzenes or the chlorophenols
From the emission data, the chlorobenzenes or
When it is determined that the concentration of rophenols is high,
A control signal is generated to reduce the amount of
The issue is (A) high oxygen concentration and / or furnace temperature
If the waste is determined to be low, the waste supply amount is increased and
And / or performing an adjustment to reduce the amount of combustion air, (B) the oxygen concentration is low and / or the furnace temperature
If the waste is determined to be high, the waste
And / or performing adjustment to increase the amount of combustion air.
The generation of dioxins according to claim 6 to be suppressed is suppressed.
Rubage incineration control device. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising water spraying means, and means for adjusting the water spraying amount based on data on the amount of the chlorobenzenes or chlorophenols measured by the generation amount measuring means. Claim 6 or
8. A refuse incineration control device for suppressing generation of dioxins according to any one of 8 . 10. The dioxin generation according to claim 6, wherein the generation amount measuring means for measuring the generation amount of the chlorobenzenes or the chlorophenols analyzes the exhaust gas. Waste incineration control device. 11. Combustion of refuse in combustion air inside a combustion furnace
A garbage incineration method to be burned, Chlorobenzene or chloropheno in the combustion furnace
And the oxygen concentration in the combustion furnace and / or
Or measuring the furnace temperature; Of the chlorobenzenes or the chlorophenols
The measurement data of the generated amount and the oxygen concentration and / or
Based on the measurement data of the furnace temperature, the combustion To the furnace
And / or the combustion supplied to the combustion furnace
Determining the excess or deficiency of the air amount; Excess or deficiency of the waste supply amount and / or the combustion air amount
Based on the determination of
The amount of robenzenes or chlorophenols generated
The refuse supply and / or the combustion so as to decrease
Adjusting the amount of air.
Waste incineration method that suppresses the generation of ioxins. 12. In the determining step, Of the chlorobenzenes or the chlorophenols
From the data on the amount of generated chlorobenzenes or
Determine that the concentration of lorophenols is high, and (A) high oxygen concentration and / or furnace temperature
Is low, or (B) the oxygen concentration is low and / or the furnace temperature
Is high, The amount of refuse supplied to the combustion furnace and / or
Determining whether the amount of combustion air to be supplied is excessive or insufficient.
A method for suppressing the generation of dioxins according to claim 11.
Only incineration method. 13. In the determining step, Of the chlorobenzenes or the chlorophenols
From the emission data, the chlorobenzenes or
When it is determined that the concentration of rophenols is high,
The amount of refuse supplied to the furnace and / or
The excess or deficiency of the combustion air amount is determined. (A) high oxygen concentration and / or furnace temperature
If it is determined that the waste is low,
/ Or determine that the amount of combustion air is excessive, (B) the oxygen concentration is low and / or the furnace temperature
Is determined to be high, the waste supply amount is excessive and
And / or determining that the amount of combustion air is insufficient.
The generation of dioxins according to claim 11 is suppressed.
How to control refuse incineration Law. 14. A step of judging an excess or deficiency of a water spray amount to the combustion furnace based on measurement data of an amount of the chlorobenzenes or the chlorophenols generated, and a step of judging an excess or deficiency of the water spray amount. 14. The method according to claim 11 , further comprising the step of adjusting the amount of the water spray such that the amount of the chlorobenzenes or the chlorophenols generated in the combustion furnace is reduced. A refuse incineration method that suppresses the generation of the dioxins described. 15. In the determining step, it is determined whether the amount of water sprayed on the combustion furnace is excessive or insufficient based on the measurement data of the generation amount of the chlorobenzenes or the chlorophenols and the measurement data of the furnace temperature. Characterized by
A refuse incineration method for suppressing generation of dioxins according to claim 14 .