JP3351320B2 - Waste incineration apparatus and method with reduced generation of dioxins - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a refuse incinerator, a method for suppressing the generation of dioxins, and a device for measuring gas components in exhaust gas from a refuse incinerator.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The generation and emission of extremely toxic dioxins have been confirmed in incinerators for municipal waste or industrial waste. Conventionally, dioxins are a type of hydrocarbon and are thought to be generated from unburned components and chlorine in the incineration process. Therefore, measure the amount of carbon monoxide (CO) that is an indicator of flammability, that is, the generation of unburned components. And this C
It is common practice to perform combustion control in a direction to reduce the amount of O generation. An example of such a combustion control technique using the amount of generated CO as an index is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-99411 (hereinafter referred to as Prior Document 1), and the combustion is controlled so that the amount of generated CO is reduced. It is described that the effect of suppressing the generation of unburned components such as dioxins can be improved.

A refuse incinerator to which the technology disclosed in the above-mentioned prior art document 1 is applied determines whether the amount of water sprayed into the combustion furnace or the amount of primary air supplied to the combustion furnace is excessive or insufficient based on the furnace temperature and the amount of CO generated. A control amount calculating section for generating each supply control signal, and a spray water amount and 1
It is composed of supply control means for adjusting the amount of secondary air.

[0004]

However, the use of the amount of generated CO as an index of combustion control as in the refuse incinerator disclosed in the above-mentioned prior art document 1 may be correct in a limited case. , Is not necessarily correct in all cases. That is, it is impossible in principle for the following reasons. Unburned components generated by refuse combustion are roughly classified into aliphatic compounds and aromatic compounds, and those obtained by chlorinating these compounds.
In theory, for example, the bond dissociation energy of a carbon-carbon bond is smaller in an aliphatic compound than in an aromatic compound due to resonance stabilization of the aromatic compound. In other words, it means that the bond of the aliphatic compound is easier to be broken, and the compound is more likely to burn in a burning process or the like. Therefore, under a certain primary air amount, if the furnace temperature becomes high due to fluctuations in the quality of the refuse and the combustibility is improved, the primary air amount becomes insufficient and the CO concentration becomes high. In this case, the burnable aliphatic compound burns preferentially, and the aromatic compound remains relatively. on the other hand,
Similarly, when the furnace temperature becomes low under a constant primary air amount and the combustibility decreases, incomplete combustion occurs and the CO concentration increases. In this case, it is assumed that the concentration of both the aliphatic compound and the aromatic compound becomes high. That is, when the CO concentration starts to increase to a minimum value when the furnace temperature is high, the CO concentration increases as a result of a shortage of primary air due to preferential combustion of the aliphatic compound. Therefore, it is supposed that the contribution of the decomposition and combustion of aromatic compounds such as dioxins is relatively small. The increase in the CO concentration at this time is a measure of the primary air amount shortage, and is not necessarily an index of the generation or increase of unburned components such as aromatic compounds.

Further, when only the CO concentration is used as an index,
Measurement of the CO concentration is easy. However, it does not include any information on the chlorination reaction of aromatic compounds. Therefore, direct information on chlorinated aromatic compounds such as dioxins cannot be obtained. Therefore, controlling the combustion to an appropriate amount with a small amount of CO generation generally reflects the generation amount of unburned components. That is, at the generation level of the waste incinerator one generation ago, the combustion control by the CO concentration is not possible. Although effective, the generation level of recent advanced waste incinerators,
In particular, when chlorobenzenes (hereinafter, including chlorophenols) and dioxins are generated at extremely low concentrations, there is a problem that generation and suppression may not be achieved. On the other hand, there is no means capable of measuring chlorobenzenes in the exhaust gas of a refuse incinerator at a high frequency, that is, in a form that can be fed back to combustion control.

A first object of the present invention is to provide a refuse incinerator capable of achieving further suppression and reduction of dioxins which could not be achieved by combustion control using only the CO concentration as an index.

A second object of the present invention is to provide a refuse incineration method capable of achieving further suppression and reduction of dioxins which could not be achieved by combustion control using only the CO concentration as an index.

A third object of the present invention is to measure, for example, a gas component which can frequently measure chlorobenzenes in exhaust gas from a refuse incinerator and feed it back for controlling refuse combustion in the refuse incinerator. It is to provide a device.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, there is provided an internal combustion chamber.
Combustion furnace that burns refuse in the air and monoacid in the combustion furnace
Carbon monoxide measuring means to measure the amount of carbon monoxide generated and combustion
The amount of at least one chlorobenzene generated in the furnace
Chlorobenzene measurement means to be measured and acid in combustion furnace
Oxygen measuring means for measuring elemental concentration and the temperature inside the combustion furnace
Furnace temperature measuring means, carbon monoxide measuring means,
Lorobenzenes measuring means, oxygen measuring means, and furnace temperature
The amount of generated carbon monoxide,
The amount of at least one chlorobenzene generated, oxygen concentration
Based on temperature and furnace temperature data.
To determine whether the supply amount and / or the secondary combustion air amount is excessive or insufficient
An arithmetic unit for generating a control signal, and according to the control signal,
Adjust the amount of waste supply and / or the amount of secondary combustion air.
Suppress dioxin generation with supply adjustment
A waste incinerator, wherein in the arithmetic unit,
(A) The concentration of chlorobenzenes is high and the oxygen concentration is
If it is determined that the temperature is high or the furnace temperature is low,
Increasing the feed by a first waste increment and / or
Control for reducing the amount of secondary combustion air by a first air decrement
Signal, and (b) the concentration of chlorobenzenes is high,
And determined that the oxygen concentration was low or the furnace temperature was high
Reducing the waste supply by the first waste decrement,
And / or reduce the amount of secondary combustion air by the first air increment
(C) chlorobenzenes
Concentration is low, carbon monoxide concentration is high, and oxygen
If it is determined that the concentration is high or the furnace temperature is low,
Reduce the amount of waste supplied to the second waste smaller than the first waste increment;
And / or secondary combustion air volume
Is the second air decrement smaller than the first air decrement
(D) chlorobenzene
Low, carbon monoxide high, and acid
When it is determined that the element concentration is low or the furnace temperature is high
In addition, the amount of waste supplied to the second waste is smaller than the first waste reduction.
Waste and / or secondary combustion air
A second air increment smaller than the first air increment
Generating a control signal that increases by an amount
Provide refuse incineration equipment with reduced generation of dioxins
You .

[0010] The present invention also relates to a method for removing dust in combustion air.
Furnace that burns water and water spray that sprays water into the furnace
Means for measuring the amount of carbon monoxide generated in the combustion furnace.
Means for measuring carbon oxides and at least one
Chlorobenzenes measurement to measure the amount of lorobenzenes generated
Means for measuring the temperature inside the furnace of the combustion furnace
Stage, carbon monoxide measuring means and chlorobenzenes measurement
Means for measuring carbon monoxide and at least one
Based on the amount of lorobenzenes generated, waste
Determining whether the supply amount and / or the secondary combustion air amount is excessive or insufficient,
Carbon monoxide measuring means, chlorobenzenes measuring means, and
And carbon monoxide, measured by the furnace temperature measuring means, respectively.
The amount of at least one chlorobenzene produced and the furnace
Based on the internal temperature data,
An arithmetic unit that determines a foot and generates a control signal;
And the amount of waste and / or the amount of secondary combustion air
Die having supply amount adjusting means for adjusting the amount of water spray
This is a waste incinerator that suppresses the generation of oxins.
In the calculation section, (a) the concentration of chlorobenzenes is high
And the temperature inside the furnace is low,
Generating a control signal to decrease by a first decrement, and (b)
Low concentration of chlorobenzenes and concentration of carbon monoxide
Water is high and the furnace temperature is low,
The amount is reduced by a second decrement smaller than the first decrement.
(C) the concentration of chlorobenzenes
Low, the concentration of carbon monoxide is low, and the furnace temperature is low.
Control signal to increase the amount of water spray when determined to be high
Suppress the generation of dioxins characterized by generating
Provide controlled waste incineration equipment .

[0011] The present invention also relates to a method in which combustion air is introduced into a combustion furnace.
This is a refuse incineration method that burns garbage.
Carbon monoxide generation, at least one chlorobenzene
Emissions, oxygen concentration in the combustion furnace, and furnace temperature
The step of measuring and the amount of carbon monoxide generated, at least one
Of chlorobenzenes, oxygen concentration, and furnace temperature
Of waste to the combustion furnace based on the measured
And / or the amount of secondary combustion air supplied to the combustion furnace
The step of determining and the amount of refuse supplied and / or secondary combustion air
Based on the determination of excess or deficiency in the amount of carbon monoxide in the combustion furnace
Emissions of at least one chlorobenzene
Waste supply and / or 2 so that the amount of waste is reduced
Adjusting the amount of secondary combustion air
A waste incineration method that suppresses the generation of wastes,
(A) the concentration of chlorobenzenes is high
If it is determined that the oxygen concentration is high or the furnace temperature is low
If the waste supply is very low and / or
It is determined that the amount of burning air is excessively high, and
High benzene concentration and low oxygen concentration or
When it is determined that the furnace temperature is high, the amount of waste supply is high
Too much and / or the amount of secondary combustion air is too low
(C) the concentration of chlorobenzenes is low,
A high carbon monoxide concentration and a high oxygen concentration
Or if it is determined that the furnace temperature is low,
Low and / or medium amount of secondary combustion air
(D) the concentration of chlorobenzenes is low.
Low and high concentration of carbon monoxide and low oxygen concentration
Or if it is determined that the furnace temperature is high,
Is moderately excessive and / or the amount of secondary combustion air is moderate
Dioxin characterized by being determined to be insufficient
Provide a waste incineration method that suppresses the generation of waste .

[0012] The present invention also provides a method in which combustion air is introduced into a combustion furnace.
This is a refuse incineration method that burns garbage in a combustion furnace.
Of carbon monoxide, at least one chlorobenzene
Measuring the amount of generated gases and the furnace temperature;
Of carbonized carbon and at least one chlorobenzene
Waste to the combustion furnace based on the measured data
Amount of supply and / or amount of secondary combustion air supplied to the combustion furnace
The excess or deficiency of carbon monoxide, the amount of carbon monoxide generated
Of chlorobenzene generation and furnace temperature
Based on the data, determine whether the amount of water sprayed on the combustion furnace is excessive or insufficient
And the amount of waste supplied and / or the amount of secondary combustion air
Of the amount of carbon monoxide in the combustion furnace
Emissions and generation of at least one chlorobenzene
Waste supply and / or secondary fuel
Adjust the amount of baked air and determine whether the amount of water spray is excessive or insufficient.
The carbon monoxide and at least one
Reduce the amount of water spray to reduce the amount of lorobenzenes generated.
Controlling the generation of dioxins with a step of adjusting
Waste incineration method, wherein in the determining step,
(A) The concentration of chlorobenzenes is high and the furnace temperature is low
If determined to be low, the amount of water spray is excessively high
(B) the concentration of chlorobenzenes is low, and
Determined that the concentration of carbon monoxide was high and the furnace temperature was low
Is determined, the water spray amount is moderately excessive,
(C) low concentration of chlorobenzenes and carbon monoxide
If the concentration of is low and the furnace temperature is high,
A die for determining that the amount of water spray is insufficient.
Provided is a refuse incineration method that suppresses the generation of oxins .

[0013]

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the refuse incineration apparatus of the present invention. A refuse incinerator 1 according to the present embodiment includes a combustion furnace 1 for burning refuse therein.
0 is provided. The furnace type of the combustion furnace 10 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, a stalker method or a fluidized bed method.

The combustion furnace 10 has carbon monoxide (CO) measuring means 11, chlorobenzenes (CB) measuring means 12, oxygen (O ₂ ) measuring means 101, and furnace temperature measuring means 1.
02 is attached. Of these, CO serves as an indicator of incomplete combustion, and O ₂ and the temperature in the furnace can be factors for estimating the cause of incomplete combustion. The CO measuring means 11, the O ₂ measuring means 101, and the furnace temperature measuring means 102 are desirably those capable of measuring substantially continuously as usually used.

On the other hand, the CB measuring means 12 measures the amount of at least one kind of chlorobenzene, particularly monochlorobenzene, generated in the combustion furnace 10. Chlorobenzenes, especially monochlorobenzene, are unburned garbage,
Part of the chemical structure is similar to that of dioxins, the formation behavior is almost similar, and there is a high correlation with dioxins. It is desirable that the CB measuring means 12 is a measuring instrument which can measure frequently, for example, within 10 minutes once. In addition, the emission of chlorobenzenes is extremely small as in recent waste incinerators, that is, dioxin countermeasure furnaces (for example, about 20 to 60 μm in monochlorobenzene).
g / Nm ³ ) is preferred.

In this specification, chlorobenzenes are monocyclic aromatic compounds having at least a chlorine atom as a substituent, such as monochlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene and trichlorobenzene.

CB measurement means 1 having such a high measurement frequency, that is, a short time required for one measurement and a high sensitivity
As a result of diligent studies to provide No. 2, the present inventors have determined that at least one chlorobenzene, particularly monochlorobenzene, in the exhaust gas discharged from the waste incinerator 1
When analyzing with a gas chromatograph equipped with a separation column, it was found that the sensitivity was improved by cooling at least the inlet end of the separation column to 0 ° C or less before injecting the exhaust gas sample into the separation column. Was.

More specifically, in a normal gas chromatograph, a separation column housed in a thermostat is heated to a predetermined temperature, a gas sample is injected and supplied to the separation column, and then the separation column is cooled. The gas sample is separated by flowing the carrier gas while increasing the temperature at a predetermined rate. Then, a gas chromatogram is obtained by detecting a compound in the gas flowing out of the separation column with a detector. However, since it takes some time to inject the gas sample, that is, it is impossible to inject the gas sample at one time, the peak width of the compound in the gas chromatogram increases and the peak height decreases. Would. As a result, the measurement sensitivity of the gas chromatograph decreases. Therefore,
Conventionally, a sufficient peak height is obtained by increasing the injection amount of the gas sample. However, increasing the injection amount of the gas sample increases the injection time of the gas sample and the time required for separating the gas sample, and as a result, the time required for one measurement is increased, and the measurement frequency is reduced.

The exhaust gas flowing out of the waste incinerator 1 contains, in addition to chlorobenzenes, nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, moisture, and trace amounts of various organic compounds. Of these, hydrogen chloride,
Since chlorine, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and the like are substances (compounds) that damage the separation column, that is, lower the performance, increasing the injection amount of the gas sample as described above causes these disadvantages. The compound will be increased.
As a result, the separation performance of the separation column deteriorates, and the separation cannot be performed. If not, the life of the separation column may be shortened.

The present inventors have found that by cooling the separation column to 0 ° C. or lower before injecting the sample, even for a gas sample containing a substance that damages the separation column such as refuse incineration gas, It has been found that the peak width of chlorobenzenes can be prevented from widening in a conventional gas chromatograph. This phenomenon occurs when about 100 m of the inlet side of the separation column.
Since the effect can be sufficiently obtained by cooling only the part of m,
In the very small area at the tip of the cooling part of the separation column, that is, at the change in temperature, the moving speed of the chlorobenzenes in the gas sample in the separation column becomes extremely slow due to the low temperature. It is presumed that the positions of all the molecules in the column were relatively uniform in catch-up with the molecules injected into the column. That is, by cooling the inlet side portion of the separation column, the injected chlorobenzenes slow down at that portion, causing a phenomenon similar to that once held, and staying there. Thereafter, when cooling is stopped and the temperature of the separation column is raised, the chlorobenzenes move at a normal speed in the separation column, reach the detector, and are detected. At this time, it is considered that the chlorobenzenes, which are held at the inlet side of the separation column, simultaneously start moving into the separation column at their own moving speeds by raising the temperature of the thermostat. As a result, the influence of the time required for introducing the actual gas sample is eliminated, and the spread of the time required for the compound separated by the column to reach the detector is reduced. Therefore, a small amount of sample gas can be injected to obtain a chromatogram with narrow peak width and high peak height of chlorobenzenes, so that the frequency of measurement can be increased and substances that may deteriorate the performance of the separation column can be separated. , The separation performance can be maintained and the life of the separation column can be extended.

Further, the present inventors have found that monochlorobenzene is much higher in the exhaust gas of the refuse incinerator 1 than chlorobenzenes other than monochlorobenzene, and other compounds are very little in the retention time after monochlorobenzene. Was found only to be detected. Therefore, as a detector, an electron capture type detector or a helium ionization type detector which is a highly sensitive detection means for chlorobenzenes is used as the CB measurement means 1 of the waste incineration apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment.
2 was found to be preferable.

As described above, the CB measuring means 12 having high measurement frequency and high sensitivity, which is suitable for the refuse incineration apparatus 1 according to the present invention, is an electron-capture type CB measuring means which is highly sensitive to chlorobenzenes. A chromatographic apparatus capable of cooling a detector or a helium ionization type detector and at least an inlet end of a constant temperature bath or a separation column to 0 ° C. or less when an exhaust gas sample is injected.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic configuration of an example of the CB measuring means 12. The CB measuring means 12 includes a dust remover 21. The dust remover 21 removes dust and mist contained in the exhaust gas 22 to prevent measurement inhibition and contamination of the CB measurement means 12. A general dust filter may be used for the dust remover 21, but it is necessary to control the temperature so that chlorobenzenes are not adsorbed. That is, the entire dust remover 21 is placed in a constant temperature bath, or a heater is wound, so that the dust remover 21 is kept at 100 to 300 ° C., preferably 120 to 1 ° C.
Bring to 60 ° C. However, the dust remover 21 can be omitted when the amount of dust and mist in the exhaust gas is very small, such as piping downstream of the bag filter in the municipal solid waste incineration process, that is, when the exhaust gas is sufficiently clean.

At the subsequent stage of the dust remover 21, a hexagonal valve 24 is connected via a line 23. Hex valve 2
The line 4 is connected to a line 25 connected to a gas chromatograph device 40, a line 27 connected to a suction pump 26, a line 29 connected to a carrier gas supply source 28, and a loop pipe 30, and switches the gas passage path. It is possible.

As shown in FIG. 3, the gas chromatograph device 40 includes a constant temperature bath 41 capable of raising the temperature of the inside to at least about 200 ° C. A separation column 42 is provided in the thermostat 41. In this embodiment, as the separation column 42, a capillary column made of fused silica and coated with a polysiloxane having a diameter of 0.25 mm and a length of 50 m was used. The inlet end 42 of the separation column 42
A part of a, for example, the outside of a range of about 100 mm from the entrance end 42a is covered with a tube 43 having an inner diameter (for example, 3 mm) slightly larger than the diameter of the separation column 42. A cooling gas supply tube 44 is connected to the tube 43 so that a cooling gas can be supplied to a gap created between the tube 43 and the separation column 42. The cooling gas supply tube 44 is supplied with a cooling gas, for example, liquefied carbon dioxide gas from a cooling gas supply source 45 via a line 46.

A detector 48 is connected to an outlet end 42 b of the separation column 42 via a line 47. As the detector 48, an electron capture detector or a helium ionization detector that is highly sensitive to chlorobenzenes is used in order to increase the sensitivity.

The detector 48 is configured to electrically transmit a detection signal generated by the detector 48 to a data processing device 49, and the data processing device 49 creates a chromatogram based on the detection signal. I do. This data processing device 49 is constituted by, for example, a personal computer.

The injection of the exhaust gas sample in the CB measuring means 12, that is, the gas chromatograph device 40, does not need to be particularly concentrated using an adsorption tube, but can be performed by a loop tube 30 normally used when automatically injecting a gas sample. it can. That is, first, the six-way valve 24 is switched so that the line 23, the loop pipe 30, and the line 27 are sequentially communicated. Next, the suction pump 26 is used for line 2
3. The exhaust gas sample 22 is introduced into the loop tube 30 by performing suction through the loop tube 30 and the line 27. After that, the six-way valve 24 is switched so that the line 2
9, the loop pipe 30 and the line 25 are sequentially communicated with each other, and the carrier gas is supplied from the carrier gas source 28 through the loop pipe 30 through the loop pipe 30 so that the exhaust gas sample 22 is entrained by the carrier gas and The gas is injected into the gas chromatograph device 40 through.
At this time, a fixed amount of the exhaust gas sample 22 can be injected by configuring the loop tube 30 with a tube having a fixed volume.

Before the exhaust gas sample 22 is injected into the gas chromatograph 40 as described above, the separation column 42
Is cooled to 0 ° C. or lower in the vicinity of the entry side end portion 42a. That is, the cooling is performed from the cooling gas supply source 45 to the line 46.
The cooling gas is supplied into the tube 43 through the cooling gas supply pipe 44. In this way, by cooling the vicinity of the inlet end 42a of the separation column 42, the injected exhaust gas sample 22 is
In this case, the state becomes close to the state of being held in the cooling part 2 (residence), and the injection is performed with a narrow band width. Injected exhaust gas sample 2
2 are separated for each compound contained by the separation column 42, via the line 47, and then the separated compound reaches the detector 48 and is detected. Based on the detection signal output from the detector 48, the data processing device 49
Gives a gas chromatogram. In this way, according to the CB measuring means 12, a good gas chromatogram having a large signal / noise ratio can be obtained. That is, since high-sensitivity detection is possible, even low-concentration chlorobenzenes in exhaust gas can be detected quickly. For example, a gas chromatograph apparatus 4 employing a common carrier gas flow rate condition of 1-2 ml / min, a cooling time of 3-5 minutes, and a fused silica capillary column as a separation column 42.
When the temperature of the thermostat 41 is raised at 10 ° C./min at 0, monochlorobenzene is measured within 10 minutes after the injection of the exhaust gas sample 22.

In the gas chromatograph device 40,
Instead of the constant temperature bath 41 provided with a cooling means including a tube 43 and a cooling gas supply pipe 44, a constant temperature bath capable of cooling the inside to 0 ° C. or lower and raising the temperature to at least about 200 ° C. may be used. In this case, the exhaust gas sample 22
Before the injection of the exhaust gas sample 22, the entire inside of the constant temperature bath is cooled and maintained at 0 ° C. or less, and after the injection of the exhaust gas sample 22, the temperature inside the constant temperature bath is raised in the same procedure as described above.
Can be attached to the chromatograph.

On the other hand, the CO measuring means 11 and the CB measuring means 1
2. The arithmetic unit 13 is connected to the O ₂ measuring means 101 and / or the furnace temperature measuring means 102 so as to transmit the output data. The calculation unit 13 includes the CO measurement unit 1
Data of the amount of generated CO measured in Step 1 and CB measuring means 1
At least one chlorobenzenes the generation amount of data measured at 2, O ₂ generation amount of data of O ₂ measured by the measuring means 101, and the inner temperature data measured furnace temperature measuring means 102 (Hereinafter referred to as measured data)
Is transmitted. The calculation unit 13 determines a factor correlated with the combustion of the refuse in the combustion furnace 10, for example, an excess or deficiency of the refuse supply amount or the combustion air amount, based on the generated amount data, and generates a control signal. When the incinerator 10 has the water spray amount adjusting means 16 for adjusting the furnace temperature, it is also possible to determine whether the water spray amount is excessive or insufficient and generate a control signal.

The waste incinerator 1 is provided with supply amount adjusting means for adjusting a waste supply amount and / or a combustion air amount which is correlated with the combustion of the waste in accordance with the control signal generated by the arithmetic unit 13 described above. Specifically, the waste incinerator 1
As shown in the figure, a waste supply amount adjusting means 14 capable of adjusting a waste supply amount (speed) to the combustion furnace 10 and a combustion air amount adjustment means 15 capable of supplying air to the combustion furnace 10 and adjusting the supply amount of the air. And at least one of them is connected so that a control signal can be transmitted to the arithmetic unit 13.

When the incinerator has a water spray mechanism for controlling the temperature of the furnace, it is connected so that the control signal generated by the arithmetic unit 13 can be transmitted and has a correlation with the combustion of the refuse. It is also possible to provide a water spray amount adjusting means 16 for the incinerator 10.

The waste supply amount adjusting means 14 adjusts, for example, a waste hopper feeding interval for feeding the waste to the incinerator, a dust feeding pusher speed for feeding the thrown waste to the grate, and a burning speed of the waste on the grate. It can be a refuse supply means that can control the amount of refuse in the combustion furnace 10 and the combustion state, such as the grate speed. The combustion air amount adjusting means 15 is, for example,
When the primary combustion air and / or the secondary combustion air is supplied into the combustion furnace 10 by a pump, the primary combustion air and / or
It may be a regulating valve provided in a pipe for conveying the next combustion air. The water spray amount 16 may be, for example, an adjustment valve provided on a pipe that conveys water when the water is supplied into the incinerator 10 by a pump.

As these calculation means, since the refuse incinerator process is a multivariable interference system having nonlinear characteristics, fine-grained control is possible by applying nonlinear control or fuzzy control. In particular, the fuzzy control has a feature that a control rule can be described linguistically and parameters can be easily adjusted.

As a specific example, Table 1 shows a procedure for controlling / adjusting the amount of waste and / or the amount of combustion air from the generated amount data by the calculation unit 13 and a specific calculation method thereof. First, it is sequentially determined whether the current combustion state satisfies the conditions shown in the state quantities in Table 1. When these conditions apply, the control shown in the operation unit of Table 1 is executed. As a result of the execution of this control, according to the increment or decrement set in advance for each condition, the waste supply amount adjusting means 14
And / or adjust the combustion air amount adjusting means 15.

[0038]

[Table 1]

In Table 1, O ₂ and the furnace temperature are at least 1
It is assumed that two pieces of data are taken into the arithmetic unit 13. Also, (1) of the operation unit in Table 1 is when the operation amount is only the combustion air amount, and (2) is when the operation amount is only the waste supply amount.
(3) is an adjustment method when the operation amount is the combustion air amount and the refuse supply amount.

Rule 1 is a rule that when the measured CO and CB concentrations are both low, normal combustion is being performed, so that the amount of combustion air and the amount of waste supplied are not adjusted. Rule 2 is that when the CB concentration is high and the O ₂ concentration is high or the furnace temperature is low, the combustion state is not actively performed due to excess oxygen, so the amount of combustion air supplied to the furnace is reduced. And / or to increase the refuse supply to restore the combustion state.
Rule 3 is that when the CB concentration is high and the O ₂ concentration is low or the furnace temperature is high, the combustion state is not actively performed due to oxygen deficiency, so the amount of combustion air supplied to the furnace is increased. And / or to reduce the refuse supply to restore combustion. Rule 4 is that when the CO concentration is high but the CB concentration is low and the O ₂ concentration is high or the furnace temperature is low, the CB concentration is likely to increase due to oxygen excess if this condition continues, Although the amount of combustion air and / or the amount of refuse supplied to the refrigeration system are qualitatively the same as in Rule 2, the operation is performed loosely to restore the combustion state. Rule 5 is that CO concentration is high, CB concentration is low, and O
_{2 When the} concentration is low or the furnace temperature is high, the CB concentration is likely to increase due to oxygen deficiency if this condition continues, so the amount of combustion air supplied to the furnace and / or the amount of refuse supplied are compared with those in Rule 3. Although it is qualitatively the same, it is a rule that it is operated loosely to restore the combustion state.

Next, as an example of a specific calculation method based on these control rules, CO, C
The case where the B and O ₂ concentrations are set as the manipulated variables and only the (1) combustion air amount in Table 1 will be described.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the conditions in Table 1. Starting from START in FIG. 4, according to the flowchart, it is determined at a fixed cycle whether or not each of the conditions from S1 to S4 is satisfied, and finally the correction amount W is determined, and the correction amount W and the previous value U _k−1 are determined. A current value U _k of the combustion air amount is derived.

In FIG. 4, CO is the concentration of carbon monoxide, C
B represents the concentration of chlorobenzenes, and O ₂ represents the oxygen concentration.
CO _H and CB _H are adjustment parameters for determining the upper limit determination values of the concentrations of carbon monoxide and chlorobenzenes, respectively, and O _HL is a parameter for determining the level of the O ₂ concentration. From G ₁ G ₅ is an adjustment parameter which gives the quantity of combustion air in increments, the decrement amount.

Referring to FIG. 4, control of the combustion air amount will be described. In step S1, the condition of the CB (chlorobenzenes concentration)> CB _H (chlorobenzenes density upper limit) is determined, step S2 if this condition is satisfied
If not, go to step S3. In step S2, the condition of O ₂ (oxygen concentration)> O _HL (oxygen concentration high / low determination value) is determined. If this condition is satisfied, W is set to G ₂ according to rule 2 of Table 1, and if not, W is set to G ₃ according to rule 3 of Table 1. In step S3, CO is determined conditions (carbon monoxide concentration)> CO _H (carbon monoxide concentration limit) is, if the condition is not satisfied sets W to G ₁ according to the rules 1 in Table 1. If satisfied, go to step S4. Step S
In 4, the condition of O ₂ (oxygen concentration)> O _HL (oxygen concentration high / low discrimination value) is determined. The W according to Rule 4 of Table 1 is satisfied this condition G _4, if not satisfied setting the W according to the rules 5 in Table 1 to G _5.

As described above, the correction amount W is determined, and the current value U _k of the combustion air amount is derived from the correction amount W and the previous value U _k−1 according to the following equation. U _k = U _{k -1} + W As a result, an optimum combustion air amount U _k for suppressing generation of dioxins in the combustion furnace 13 is obtained.

Next, when the water spray mechanism is provided in the incinerator, the water spray amount is determined based on the measured data of the concentration of carbon monoxide and / or the concentration of at least one chlorobenzene and the temperature in the furnace. Table 2 shows an example of a procedure for controlling / adjusting is performed by the calculation unit 13 and an example of a specific calculation method. First, it is sequentially determined whether the current combustion state satisfies the conditions shown in the state quantities in Table 2. When these conditions apply, the control shown in the operation unit of Table 2 is executed. As a result of the execution of this control, the water spray amount adjusting means 16 according to the increment or decrement set in advance for each condition.
To adjust.

[0047]

[Table 2]

Rule 1 is that the measured CB concentration is high,
And, when the furnace temperature is low, the combustion balance is disturbed due to excessive cooling of the furnace by water spray,
The rule is to reduce the amount of water spray to restore the combustion state. Rule 2 is that, when the CB concentration is not high, but the CO concentration is high and the furnace temperature is low, if this condition continues, there is a high possibility that the combustion balance will be lost due to water spray and the CB concentration will increase. This is a rule that the amount of water spray supplied to the cylinder is qualitatively the same as that of Rule 1, but the operation is loosened to recover the combustion state. Rule 3
Contrary to the former, when the CB concentration and the CO concentration are low and the furnace temperature is high, the combustion state is normal, but the amount of water spray is increased to prevent the deterioration of the furnace wall due to the high temperature.

Next, as an example of a specific calculation method based on these control rules, CO, CB
The case where the water spray amount is set as the concentration, the furnace temperature, and the operation amount will be described.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating the conditions in Table 2. Starting from START in FIG. 5, according to the flowchart, it is determined at regular intervals whether or not each of the conditions from S1 to S5 is satisfied, and finally the correction amount Y is determined, and the correction amount Y is determined from the correction amount Y and the previous value R _k−1. A current value R _k of the combustion air amount is derived.

In FIG. 5, CO is the concentration of carbon monoxide, C
B represents the concentration of chlorobenzenes, and _Tf represents the furnace temperature.
CO _H and CB _H are adjustment parameters for determining the upper limit determination values of the concentrations of carbon monoxide and chlorobenzenes, respectively.
_TH and _TL are parameters for determining the upper and lower limits of the furnace temperature. G ₁ , G ₂ , and G ₃ are adjustment parameters for giving the increment and decrement of the combustion air amount.

Referring to FIG. 5, the control of the combustion air amount will be described. In step S1, the condition of the CB (chlorobenzenes concentration)> CB _H (chlorobenzenes density upper limit value) is determined. If this condition is satisfied, step S
The process proceeds to step S2, and if not satisfied, proceeds to step S3. In step S2, the condition of T _f (furnace temperature) < _TL (furnace temperature lower limit determination value) is determined. If this condition is satisfied, Y is set to H ₁ according to rule 1 in Table 2. If not, set Y to zero. In step S3,
The condition of CO (concentration of carbon monoxide)> CO _H (upper limit of carbon monoxide concentration) is determined. If the condition is satisfied, the process proceeds to step S4, and if not, the process proceeds to step S5. In step S4, a condition of _Tf (furnace temperature) < _TL (furnace temperature lower limit determination value) is determined. If this condition is satisfied, Y is set to H ₂ according to rule 2 in Table 2. If not, set Y to zero. Step S
In 5, the condition of T _f (furnace temperature)> _TH (furnace temperature upper limit determination value) is determined. If you meet this condition,
Setting the Y to H ₃ in accordance with rule 3 in Table 2. If not, set Y to zero.

[0053] By the above, the correction amount Y is determined, the current value R _k of the correction amount Y and water spray amount from the previous value R _k-1 is derived by calculating the following equation. R _k = R _k-1 + Y As a result, an optimal water spray amount R _K for suppressing generation of dioxins in the combustion furnace 13 is obtained.

As described above, the refuse incinerator 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a CO measuring means 11 for measuring the amount of generated CO, a CB measuring means 12 for measuring the generated amount of at least one chlorobenzene, O ₂ to measure the amount of ₂ generated
A measuring means 101 and / or a furnace temperature measuring means 102 for measuring a furnace temperature;
Based on the generated amount data from 12, 101, 102,
An arithmetic unit 13 is provided for determining whether a factor having a correlation with the flammability of the refuse such as the refuse supply amount and / or the amount of combustion air is excessive or insufficient and generates a control signal. Thereby, the operation unit 13
Based on the control signal generated by the refuse supply amount adjusting means 1
4 and / or the combustion air amount adjusting means 15 changes the refuse supply amount and / or the combustion air amount, and maintains the optimum value at which the generation amount of CO and chlorobenzenes is small. As a result, generation of dioxins in the combustion furnace 10 is suppressed. When the incinerator 10 has the water spray amount adjusting means 16 for adjusting the furnace temperature, it is also possible to determine whether the water spray amount is excessive or insufficient and generate a control signal.

Further, as described with reference to FIG. 2 and FIG.
Since the vicinity of the entry side end 42a of the sample 2 can be cooled, the exhaust gas sample 22 is injected after cooling the portion to 0 ° C. or less,
Next, by raising the temperature inside the thermostatic bath 41, the exhaust gas sample 22 is temporarily held (residence) at the input end of the separation column 42.
After the separation, they can be separated by the separation column 42.
Thus, unlike the conventional chromatographic apparatus, even if it takes some time to inject the exhaust gas sample 22, it is possible to prevent the peak width of the chlorobenzenes from being widened and the peak height from being lowered due to the influence. Therefore, chlorobenzenes can be measured with a small amount of the exhaust gas sample 22 and at a high measurement frequency. As a result, more appropriate combustion control becomes possible, and the effect of reducing dioxins is improved. Further, even if the exhaust gas sample 22 contains a substance that damages the separation column, the amount of the exhaust gas sample 22 can be reduced, so that the separation column 42 can be prevented from deteriorating, that is, the separation performance can be reduced, and the life can be extended.

Further, by using an electron capture type detector or a helium ionization type detector which is highly sensitive to chlorobenzenes as the detector 48, chlorobenzenes in the exhaust gas sample 22 can be measured with even higher sensitivity. Thus, more appropriate combustion control becomes possible, and the effect of reducing dioxins is improved.

Further, the waste incineration method according to the embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that the amount of generated carbon monoxide and at least one chlorobenzene in the incinerator 10 of the waste incinerator 1 and the amount of the oxygen present and / or The temperature in the furnace is measured, and the amount of waste supplied and / or the amount of combustion air is adjusted based on the generated amount data. Further, when the water spray mechanism is provided in the incinerator, the amount of water spray can be adjusted. This allows
The amount of refuse supplied to the incinerator 10 and / or the amount of combustion air,
The water spray amount is maintained at an appropriate value where the generation amount of chlorobenzenes is extremely small, and as a result, the generation of dioxins in the refuse incinerator 1 can be further suppressed.

For the measurement of the amount of chlorobenzenes generated, a gas chromatograph apparatus 40 equipped with a cooling means capable of cooling the vicinity of the inlet end 42a of the separation column 42 is used, and the part is cooled to 0 ° C. or lower. After exhaust gas sample 2
The exhaust gas sample 22 is once held (retained) at the inlet end of the separation column 42 by injecting 2 and then raising the temperature in the thermostat 41, and then separated by the separation column 42.
Thereby, as described above, a small amount of the exhaust gas sample 2
Since chlorobenzenes in 2 can be measured at a high measurement frequency, more appropriate combustion control can be performed, and the generation of dioxins can be further reduced.

Further, the chlorobenzenes can be measured with higher sensitivity by measuring the chlorobenzenes using an electron capture detector or a helium ionization detector which is highly sensitive to chlorobenzenes as the detector 48. Thus, extremely appropriate combustion control becomes possible, and the generation of dioxins can be greatly reduced.

[0060]

【Example】

Test 1 First, a description will be given of a test result obtained by measuring monochlorobenzene as a dioxin-substitute index using a CB measurement unit 12 having a cooling unit as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.

The CB measuring means 12 used here is the one shown in FIG.
As shown in the figure, the separation column 42 set in the thermostat 41
The tube 43 is provided so as to be able to cool within a range of 100 mm from the entry-side end 42a. In addition, the detector 48 includes:
Electron capture detector (Barco pulse discharge detector)
Was used. Further, a tube having a capacity of 5 ml was used as the loop tube 30.

The exhaust gas sample was collected at the outlet of the dust collector (bag filter) of the refuse incinerator. The collected exhaust gas sample was injected into the gas chromatograph device 40 by the injection mechanism using the 5 ml loop tube 30 as described above. Prior to this injection, the temperature of the constant temperature bath 41 of the gas chromatograph device 40 is set to the initial set temperature (60 ° C.), and
Cooling gas was supplied into the tube 43, and only the vicinity of the inlet end 42a of the separation column 42 was set to -30 ° C. This state was maintained for about 2 minutes after the injection. Thereafter, the supply of the cooling gas was stopped, and the temperature in the thermostat 41 was set to 120 ° C. at a rate of 12 ° C./min.
Temperature. Helium was flowed at 2 ml / min as a carrier gas at this time. Thereafter, the inside of the thermostat 41 was returned to the initial set temperature.

FIG. 6 shows an example of a gas chromatogram obtained as a result of the above operation. The peak 72 of monochlorobenzene is located at about 7 minutes after the injection, and it can be seen that measurement within 10 minutes is possible even when the temperature is lowered to the initial set temperature. Note that the peak 71 is a peak corresponding to nitrogen.

Test 2 Hereinafter, a test performed to confirm the effect of reducing dioxins in waste incineration using the waste incinerator of the present invention will be described.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic structure around a combustion chamber of a stoker type waste incinerator used in this embodiment. This refuse incinerator 50 includes a combustion chamber 51. At the inlet side of the combustion chamber 51, a dust supply pusher 1 for supplying the refuse input by the refuse input hopper 52 to the grate.
20 and a grate 53 for sequentially shaking and burning the refuse sent by the pusher are provided. Grate 5
3 can provide the dust on the grate at any rate, there is a grate speed regulator 53 _a. As a supply source of the combustion air, a primary combustion air supply unit 55 and a primary combustion air amount regulator 55a, and a secondary combustion air supply unit 58 and a secondary combustion air amount regulator 58a are provided. The primary combustion air supply unit 55 and the primary combustion air amount adjuster 55a supply the primary combustion air onto the grate 53 via the wind box 54 divided into four parts in the combustion chamber 51. The secondary combustion air supply unit 58 and the secondary combustion air amount adjuster 58a are connected to each grate 5
Combustion chamber 51 divided by an upper ceiling 3 and an intermediate ceiling 57
The secondary combustion air is supplied to the space area in the inside. A boiler 59 is connected to the outlet side of the combustion chamber 51. A gas cooling tower (not shown) and a dust collector (bag filter) (not shown) are sequentially provided downstream of the boiler 59.

[0066] In the waste incinerator 50 includes a CO measuring device 60 for measuring the CO generated in the combustion chamber 51, a CB measuring device 61 for measuring a monochlorobenzene, and the O ₂ measuring device 110 for measuring the O ₂ Installed. CO
Measuring device 60, CB measuring device 61, O ₂ measuring device 110
Is electrically connected to the computing unit 62, and each measuring device 60,
The measurement data signals from 61 and 110 are transmitted. The arithmetic unit 62 is electrically connected to a grate speed adjuster 53a, which is a means for adjusting the amount of waste, and a secondary combustion air amount adjuster 58a, which is a means for adjusting the amount of combustion air. Is transmitted.

Here, an infrared gas analyzer (model: ZSP) manufactured by Fuji Electric Co., Ltd., which uses a non-dispersive infrared absorption method as a basic principle, was used as the CO measuring device 60. Also, CB
As the measuring device 61, the CB measuring means 12 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 was used. In the CB measuring device 61, as shown in FIG. 3, a tube 43 is provided so as to be able to cool a range of 100 mm from the inlet end 42a of the separation column 42 installed in the thermostat 41. Further, as the detector 48, an electron capture type detector (a pulse discharge type detector manufactured by Barco) was used. Further, a tube having a capacity of 5 ml was used as the loop tube 30.

The refuse incinerator 5 shown in FIG. 7 as described above.
0, a detection signal of CO from the CO measurement device 60;
The O ₂ detection signal from the O ₂ measuring device 110 is received once every 10 seconds, and the monochlorobenzene detection signal from the CB measuring device 61 is received once every 10 minutes.
In No. 2, calculation is performed by the calculation method according to the control rule shown in Table 1 described above, and the grate speed is used as the amount of waste and the secondary combustion air is used as the amount of combustion air so that the amount of generated CO and CB is reduced. Combustion was performed by adjusting the amount. FIG. 8 shows a pattern of the operation at this time, and the fluctuation of oxygen by the oxygen concentration meter provided downstream of the dust collector was 5.5 to 7.5%.
Under this operating condition, the exhaust gas was sampled for 2 hours from the sampling hole on the outlet side of the dust collector operating at 190 to 210 ° C. in accordance with the US EPA method. The obtained sample is analyzed by a method generally used for dioxins (concentration and cleanup by manual analysis and high-performance gas chromatography-
Analysis based on quantification by a mass spectrometer)
Amount of dioxins (concentration in terms of toxicity (ng-TEQ / N
m ³ )). Table 3 shows the results.

[0069]

[Table 3]

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE The same garbage incinerator 50 as in the example was used, and the CB measuring device 61 was used.
The detection signal is received only from the CO measuring device 60 without receiving the detection signal from the CO, and the CO generation is reduced by the combustion control based on the fuzzy control as in the embodiment,
Combustion was performed by changing the refuse supply speed and the amount of combustion air. The operation at this time is shown in FIG. Fluctuations in oxygen concentration
Slightly different from the example, it was 4.6 to 6.6%. In this state, exhaust gas sampling was performed in the same manner as in the example, and dioxins were quantified. Table 3 shows the results.

As is clear from Table 3, according to the method for suppressing the generation of dioxins in the refuse incinerator 50 of the embodiment, the concentration of dioxins could be further reduced as compared with the comparative example.

[0072]

As described above, the refuse incinerator of the present invention includes carbon monoxide measuring means, chlorobenzenes measuring means, oxygen measuring means and / or furnace temperature measuring means. Carbon monoxide, measured at
A calculation unit and a supply amount adjusting means for determining and adjusting a waste supply amount and / or a combustion air amount based on an amount of at least one kind of chlorobenzenes generated and an amount of generated oxygen concentration and / or furnace temperature are provided. ing. Thereby, C
In addition to the amount of O generated, the amount of chlorobenzenes whose chemical structure is similar to that of dioxins and whose production behavior is similar is measured, and combustion control is performed to reduce the amount of generated chlorobenzenes. A small refuse incinerator can be provided.

Further, the refuse incineration method of the present invention is characterized in that the amount of generated carbon monoxide and at least one chlorobenzene in the combustion furnace of the refuse incinerator and the amount of generated oxygen concentration and / or temperature in the furnace are determined. Measure and determine the amount of waste supplied to the combustion furnace and / or the excess or deficiency of the amount of combustion air supplied to the combustion furnace based on the data on the amount of generation, and adjust the amount of waste supplied and / or the amount of combustion air. . This allows
In addition to the amount of CO generated, the amount of chlorobenzenes whose chemical structure is similar to that of dioxins and whose production behavior is similar is measured, and combustion control is performed to reduce this amount. It is possible to suppress.

Further, since the gas component measuring device in the exhaust gas from the refuse incinerator is provided with cooling means for cooling at least the vicinity of the inlet end of the separation column, the gas component is injected before injecting the exhaust gas sample into the separation column. The compound in the exhaust gas sample can be separated by cooling the vicinity of the side end and then raising the temperature in the thermostat. This eliminates the effect of the time required to introduce the actual gas sample, reduces the spread of the time for compounds separated by the column to reach the detector, reduces the amount of exhaust gas sample and increases the frequency of measurement. Gas components in exhaust gas can be measured.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a refuse incinerator according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a chlorobenzenes measuring unit of the waste incineration apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a chromatographic apparatus of the chlorobenzene measuring means shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a flowchart of a control method in the refuse incineration method of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing another example of a flowchart of a control method in the refuse incineration method of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a view showing an analysis result obtained by a chlorobenzenes measuring device in an example of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic structure around a combustion chamber of a stoker type incinerator used in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a characteristic diagram showing a change in the concentration of chlorobenzenes or the concentration of CO with respect to the oxygen concentration of incineration exhaust gas obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Garbage incinerator 10 ... Combustion furnace 11 ... CO measuring means 12 ... CB measuring means 13 ... Calculation part 14 ... Garbage supply amount adjustment means 15 ... Combustion air amount adjustment means 16 ... Water spray means 21 ... Dust removers 23, 25, 27, 29, 46, 47 ... line 24 ... hexagonal valve 26 ... suction pump 30 ... loop pipe 40 ... gas chromatograph device 41 ... constant temperature bath 42 ... separation column 43 ... tube 44 ... cooling gas supply pipe 45 ... cooling gas supply source 48 Detector 49 Data processing device 50 Waste incinerator 51 Combustion chamber 52 Waste hopper 53 Fire grate 54 Wind box 55 Primary air supply 57 Intermediate ceiling 58 Secondary air supply 59 boiler 60 ... CO measuring device 61 ... CB measuring device 62 ... computing unit 101 ... O ₂ measuring means 102 ... furnace temperature measuring means 110 ... O ₂ measuring device CB ... chlorobenzene concentration CB _H ... adjustment parameter for determining the upper limit discrimination value of chlorobenzene concentration CO ... carbon monoxide concentration CO _H ... adjustment parameter for discriminating the upper limit discrimination value of carbon monoxide concentration O ₂ ... oxygen concentration O _HL ... O correction amount for parameter W ... combustion air quantity for determining the level of ₂ concentration _{G 1, G 2, G 3} , G 4, G 5 ... combustion air quantity increment, providing the decrement amount adjustment parameter T _f ... combustion furnace temperature T _H ... correction amount _{H 1, H 2, H 3} ... water spray amount of increment for the parameter Y ... water spray amount to determine the lower limit of the parameter T _L ... furnace temperature to determine the upper limit of the furnace temperature, the reduced amount Adjustment parameters to be given

Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI G01N 30/86 G01N 30/86 G 30/88 30/88 C (72) Inventor Satoshi Fujii 1-1-2 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Japan Inside Kokan Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Manabu Kuroda 1-2-1, Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Japan Kokan Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-8-110027 (JP, A) JP-A-5-312796 ( JP, A) JP-A-9-33026 (JP, A) JP-A-5-99411 (JP, A) JP-A-9-184832 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , (DB name) F23G 5/50 G01N 30/54 G01N 30/70 G01N 30/86 G01N 30/88

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A combustion furnace for burning refuse in combustion air therein, a carbon monoxide measuring means for measuring an amount of carbon monoxide generated in the combustion furnace, and at least one kind of carbon monoxide in the combustion furnace. Chlorobenzenes measuring means for measuring the amount of chlorobenzenes generated, oxygen measuring means for measuring the oxygen concentration in the combustion furnace, furnace temperature measuring means for measuring the furnace temperature of the combustion furnace, and carbon monoxide measuring means , Chlorobenzenes measurement means, oxygen
Supply of refuse to the combustion furnace based on the data of the amount of generated carbon monoxide, the amount of generated at least one chlorobenzene, the oxygen concentration, and the temperature in the furnace measured by the measuring means and the furnace temperature measuring means , respectively. An arithmetic unit for determining whether the amount and / or the amount of secondary combustion air is excessive or insufficient to generate a control signal; and a supply amount adjusting means for adjusting the amount of waste and / or the amount of secondary combustion air according to the control signal. A waste incinerator that suppresses the generation of dioxins that are generated, wherein : (a) the concentration of chlorobenzenes is high and the oxygen concentration is low;
If it is determined that the temperature is high or the furnace temperature is low,
Increasing the feed by a first waste increment and / or
Control for reducing the amount of secondary combustion air by a first air decrement
Generating a signal, a high concentration of (b) chlorobenzenes, and the oxygen concentration
If it is determined that the temperature is low or the furnace temperature is high,
Reducing the feed by a first waste deduction and / or
Control for increasing secondary combustion air amount by first air increment
Generating a signal, a low concentration of (c) chlorobenzenes and carbon monoxide
Concentration of oxygen and oxygen concentration or furnace temperature
If it is determined to be low, the amount of waste supplied is increased by the first waste increment.
Increasing by a second waste increment that is less than the amount, and
And / or make the secondary combustion air amount smaller than the first air decrement amount.
Generates a control signal to reduce the second air decrement
And a low concentration of (d) chlorobenzenes and carbon monoxide
Concentration is high and oxygen concentration is low or furnace temperature is low
If it is determined to be high, the waste supply amount is reduced to the first waste
Reducing a second waste deduction amount less than the amount, and
And / or make the secondary combustion air amount smaller than the first air increment amount.
Generate a control signal that increases by a second air increment.
Incineration device which suppresses the occurrence of dioxins, characterized in that that. 2. A combustion furnace for burning refuse in combustion air therein, a water spraying unit for spraying water into the combustion furnace, and a carbon monoxide for measuring an amount of carbon monoxide generated in the combustion furnace. Measuring means, chlorobenzene measuring means for measuring the amount of at least one chlorobenzene generated in the combustion furnace, furnace temperature measuring means for measuring the furnace temperature of the combustion furnace, carbon monoxide measuring means, and chlorobenzene Determining the excess or deficiency of the amount of refuse supplied to the combustion furnace and / or the amount of secondary combustion air based on the amount of carbon monoxide and at least one chlorobenzene generated by the class measurement means, and measuring the carbon monoxide. Means, chlorobenzenes measuring means, and furnace temperature measuring means respectively measured, carbon monoxide, the amount of at least one chlorobenzenes generated, and based on the furnace temperature data, A calculation unit for determining whether the amount of water spray to the furnace is excessive or insufficient and generating a control signal; and a supply amount adjustment for adjusting a waste supply amount and / or a secondary combustion air amount and a water spray amount according to the control signal. a waste incineration system which suppresses the occurrence of dioxins and means, in said calculation unit, a high concentration of (a) chlorobenzenes, and the furnace temperature
If determined to be low, reduce the water spray amount by the first decrement
Generating a control signal low is to lower the concentration of (b) chlorobenzenes and carbon monoxide
If it is determined that the concentration of is high and the furnace temperature is low,
Water spray amount by the second decrement smaller than the first decrement
A control signal to decrease occurs, low concentration of (c) chlorobenzenes and carbon monoxide
If the concentration of is low and the furnace temperature is high,
A refuse incinerator that suppresses the generation of dioxins, which generates a control signal for increasing the amount of water spray . 3. A refuse incineration method for burning refuse in combustion air inside a combustion furnace, comprising: an amount of carbon monoxide generated in the combustion furnace; an amount of at least one chlorobenzenes generated in the combustion furnace; Oxygen concentration at
Measuring a beauty furnace temperature, the amount of carbon monoxide, the amount of at least one chlorobenzenes, oxygen concentration, and the inner based on the measurement data of temperature, dust supply to the combustion furnace and / Alternatively, a step of determining whether the amount of secondary combustion air supplied to the combustion furnace is excessive or deficient, and the generation of carbon monoxide in the combustion furnace based on the determination of the amount of waste supplied and / or the amount of secondary combustion air being excessive or deficient Controlling the amount of waste and / or the amount of secondary combustion air so that the amount and the amount of at least one type of chlorobenzenes generated are reduced, and wherein the generation of dioxins is suppressed. In the determining step , (a) the concentration of chlorobenzenes is high and the oxygen concentration is
If it is determined that the temperature is high or the furnace temperature is low,
Insufficient supply and / or high secondary combustion air volume
Determined to be excessive to the extent, high concentrations of (b) chlorobenzenes, and the oxygen concentration
If it is determined that the temperature is low or the furnace temperature is high,
High supply and / or high secondary combustion air volume
Determined to be insufficient extent, low concentration of (c) chlorobenzenes and carbon monoxide
Concentration of oxygen and oxygen concentration or furnace temperature
If it is determined that the amount of waste is
And / or the secondary combustion air amount is moderately excessive
And a low concentration of (d) chlorobenzenes and carbon monoxide
Concentration is high and oxygen concentration is low or furnace temperature is low
If it is determined that the waste is high, the
It is determined that the amount of secondary combustion air is moderately insufficient.
Waste incineration method which suppresses the occurrence of dioxins, which comprises. 4. A refuse incineration method for burning refuse in combustion air inside a combustion furnace, comprising: an amount of generated carbon monoxide in the combustion furnace, an amount of generated at least one chlorobenzene, and an inside of the furnace. A step of measuring a temperature, and a supply amount of refuse to the combustion furnace and / or secondary combustion air supplied to the combustion furnace based on measurement data of an amount of generated carbon monoxide and an amount of generated at least one chlorobenzene. Determining the excess or deficiency of the amount of water, and determining the excess or deficiency of the amount of water sprayed on the combustion furnace based on measurement data of the amount of generated carbon monoxide, the amount of generated at least one chlorobenzene, and the temperature in the furnace. And determining whether the amount of generated carbon monoxide and the amount of at least one chlorobenzene in the combustion furnace are reduced based on the determination of whether the supply amount of the waste and / or the amount of the secondary combustion air is excessive or insufficient. Supply The amount of water and / or the amount of secondary combustion air is adjusted so that the amount of carbon monoxide and at least one chlorobenzene in the combustion furnace is reduced based on the determination of excess or deficiency of the amount of water spray. Controlling the generation of dioxins, comprising the step of adjusting the amount of spraying, wherein in the determining step : (a) the concentration of chlorobenzenes is high, and the furnace temperature is reduced.
If determined to be low, the amount of water spray is excessively high
Determined, (b) the concentration of chlorobenzenes is low and carbon monoxide
If it is determined that the concentration of is high and the furnace temperature is low,
It is determined that the amount of water spray is moderately excessive . (C) The concentration of chlorobenzenes is low and carbon monoxide is low.
If the concentration of is low and the furnace temperature is high,
A refuse incineration method in which the generation of dioxins is suppressed, wherein it is determined that the amount of water spray is insufficient .