JP3252246B2 - Fermented products and their manufacturing method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fermentation product of putrefactive waste and a method for producing the same. The present invention relates to a fermentation product obtained by alkali fermentation at the time of (1) and a method for producing the fermentation product.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Livestock manure, excess sludge from water and sewage, and other putrefactive wastes (including shochu waste, animal blood, etc.) conventionally exist in intestinal bacterial groups such as Escherichia coli, entero, which live in the putrefactive waste. Organic matter is decomposed by a microorganism such as bacter or a specific added microorganism material such as photosynthetic bacteria or koji mold, and thus the material is made into a material as a compost or soil improvement material.

[0003]

However, these conventional materials produced by fermentation, although often using the term fermentation, actually rely on the simple decomposition of organic matter by the microorganisms described above, that is, natural spoilage. Because of this, bad odors are generated over a long period of time, or soluble components dissolved in putrefactive waste flow out, and not only long time is required for composting but also human control is difficult, and secondary putrefaction However, there is a problem in that the material is deteriorated due to the above.

[0004] Among the materials obtained by fermentation in this manner, compost may cause nitrogen starvation, in which nitrogen is absorbed by microorganisms when mixed into soil, or conversely, soil enrichment. . Many of the so-called soil conditioners cannot sufficiently secure water retention, water permeability, or fertilizing effects, and have little effect on disease control.

An object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned various problems of the putrefactive fermentation product. That is, an object of the present invention is to temporarily stop the decay process by disinfecting putrefactive waste in a high heat and high alkali environment, and to provide microorganisms that are in a durable state under this environment and can grow in a high alkali state. An object of the present invention is to provide an alkaline fermentation product obtained by successively growing and a method for producing the same. Another object of the present invention is to provide a fermentation product which can be easily controlled in a short time and has no risk of secondary fermentation, and a method for producing the same. Another object of the present invention is to provide a fermentation product which is rich in water permeability and water retention, has a slow-acting fertilizing effect component, and can be used as a soil alone as it is, and a method for producing the same. Another object of the present invention is to provide a fermentation product effective for disease control and a method for producing the same.

[0006]

The fermentation product according to the present invention comprises a reaction product of a solid-liquid mixed putrefactive waste and an additive mainly composed of highly active calcium oxide, and has a pH value of 12%. A microorganism that survives in a highly alkaline environment as described above, wherein the microorganism begins to grow between pH 11 and less than 12 and a second group of bacteria that grows well between pH 11 and 9 A group of bacteria consisting of a group of bacteria, a third group of bacteria that grow well below pH 9, a filamentous fungus, and 90-A
-1 bacteria, which are characterized in that these microorganisms proliferate and the pH is maintained at around 8.

[0007] The method for producing a fermentation product according to the present invention comprises:
The addition of a highly active quicklime additive to spoilage waste causes a rapid hydration reaction, and the heat of reaction of the hydration reaction and the decay of the reaction product by alkali sterilization in a high alkaline environment. And a second group of bacteria in the reaction product that start growing between pH 11 and less than 12, and a second group of bacteria that grow well between pH 11 and 9,
Detectable, durable, and highly alkaline, consisting of a bacterial group consisting of a third group of bacteria that grow well below, a filamentous fungus, and 90-A-1 bacteria. By supplying water and air at the appropriate time, leaving possible microorganisms, the pH value is successively lowered using the above-mentioned bacteria group, and the durability that survives in the reaction product as the pH value decreases Filamentous fungus in condition and 90
-A-1 bacteria are grown, and the reaction products are alkali-fermented by the growth of these microorganisms.

The putrefactive waste used as a raw material of the present invention is discharged from a food manufacturing plant such as pig manure (including feces), chicken manure and other livestock manure, animal blood, excess sludge from water and sewage, and shochu waste. There are putrefactive residues. For example, in the case of swine manure, usually 86.5% to 94.5%, in the case of dried chicken dung, usually 15 to 30%, in the case of excess sludge from water and sewage, usually 75 to 97%, putrefactive residue in food factories In the case of (1), the water usually contains 75 to 95% of water, however, it is desirable to adjust the water to 75 to 97% for use as a raw material of the present invention.

[0009] To the above-mentioned raw materials, an additive mainly composed of highly active calcium oxide is added and mixed and stirred. Specifically, 5 to 25 parts by weight of a predetermined additive is added to 100 parts by weight of the above-mentioned putrefactive industrial waste, and both are reacted.

The highly active additive preferably satisfies the following conditions. High content of calcium oxide (preferably 95% or more) and low content of calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and other substances. Incidentally, a small amount (for example, 5% or less) of magnesium oxide may be contained as a composition component. It must be porous, have a large surface area and specific surface area, and have a highly developed pore structure. Excellent dispersibility when a small amount is brought into contact with water, for example, a property of rapidly and widely dispersing in all directions. To react violently and quickly to generate steam when a medium amount is added to water. It reacts well when a certain amount is added to water, and a temperature rise close to the theoretical value is observed. Further, if necessary, the sedimentation velocity of the slurry containing slaked lime as the main component after contact with water should be low and no sedimentation phenomenon should be observed.

FIG. 1 shows the result of comparing the rate of temperature rise when the additive used in the present invention is added to water with commercial quicklime. FIG. 2 shows the ratio of the measured reaction temperature to the theoretical value at the time of reaction for the four substances. Commercial quicklime is
(1) immediately after opening without air contact, and after opening,
Three types were prepared: one that was left for 1 hour in an environment with a humidity of 90% and one that was left for 4 hours in the same environment after opening (3). Both figures show 100 m of water at an initial water temperature of 20 degrees C.
1) Additive material and the above three types of quicklime (1) to (3)
Temperature increase rate (degree C / sec) when 20 g of each is added
And the ratio of the measured temperature to the theoretical value is shown in a graph.

As is apparent from these figures, the present additive material has a remarkably high rate of temperature rise as compared with other commercially available products (1) to (3), that is, a high temperature in a very short time (around 1 second). You can see that it has soared. This means that most of the calcium is instantaneously ionized and dissociated from the calcium oxide in the additive due to the hydration reaction, and the localization required to thermally decompose the organic matter contained in the putrefactive waste. It means that an extremely high heat state is created.

Therefore, when this additive is added to putrefactive waste, cellulose, lignin, high molecular weight protein, phospholipid and the like in the waste are excited under alkalinity, and are caused by the reaction between calcium oxide and water. Decomposed into low molecular weight compounds by local high heat. Then, the rapidly dissociated calcium ions bind not only to the terminal groups of the decomposed low molecular compounds or the phospholipids and higher fatty acids, but also to lower fatty acids such as formic acid and acetic acid, and are hardly soluble in the reaction product. To produce a stable calcium salt. Calcium compounds produced by this chemical reaction, especially a complex salt reaction with lower fatty acids, are completely different from physically only stable substances produced by agglomeration when slaked lime or the above-mentioned commercially available quick lime is added. Becomes In these cases, a calcium salt cannot be formed because the dissociation degree of calcium ions is low or the dissociation rate is slow, and the decomposition of organic substances in perishable waste is insufficient.

Tables 1 to 4 show that this additive was added to livestock manure at 5% (F5), 10% (F10) and 20% (F2), respectively.
0) Table showing changes in the amounts of carbon, nitrogen, lipids and main organic acids, and inorganic components when added. In these tables, the control is raw pig manure before adding the additive. The converted value is the actual measured value of each component of the treated product to which the additive was added × (the amount of organic matter of the control product / the amount of the organic material of the treated product with the additive), and the reduction rate was 1- ( Calculated based on the component conversion value / the actual measurement value of each component of the control) × 100 (%).

[0015]

[Table 1]

[Table 2]

[Table 3]

[Table 4]

FIG. 3 is a graph of experimental results showing that the soluble organic acids contained in the putrefactive waste are fixed as the hardly soluble calcium salt in the reaction product of the present invention. . For dry manure and compost, the elution ratio is less than 10% in hydrochloric acid washing after washing with water, whereas in the case of reaction products, about 40% of organic acid is also used in washing with hydrochloric acid after washing with water. Are eluted. This indicates that, in the case of the reaction product according to the present invention, the organic acid is hardly soluble in water and fixed as a calcium compound soluble in the acid. Moreover, it has a remarkable feature in that formic acid is fixed as a breakdown.

Formic acid is a substance which is inherently relatively unstable and easily volatilizes. However, in the method of the present invention, a large amount of calcium ions instantaneously dissociated by the above-described reaction quickly binds to formic acid and immobilizes it as calcium formate. Lower fatty acids such as formic acid are not only originally contained in putrefactive waste, but are also produced by the thermal decomposition of proteins and amino acids in putrefactive waste by the above-mentioned heat of reaction. The newly generated lower fatty acid containing formic acid and the like is also immobilized as a calcium salt by the calcium ions. By the way, when calcium hydroxide is used as an additive, it is extremely difficult to fix formic acid, that is, to form a calcium salt, and formic acid volatilizes in the air or flows out by rainwater or the like.

By the above chemical reaction, higher fatty acids contained in the putrefactive waste are also formed as calcium salts. Other organic matter contained in perishable waste,
For example, about 98% of water-soluble phosphoric acid is fixed as calcium phosphate in an effective state. Calcium phosphate in an effective state is produced by the reaction between phosphoric acid contained in putrefactive waste and phosphoric acid contained in phospholipids and an additive, and therefore, from the reaction product, putrefactive waste as raw material is produced. The water-soluble phosphate and lipid contained therein are significantly reduced.

In the case of putrefactive waste containing a relatively large amount of glyceride, the glyceride also becomes a stable hardly soluble calcium salt due to calcium oxide having a strong activity. Therefore, the reaction product itself does not cause anaerobic fermentation, generation of gas or pests, and the like.

The remainder of the calcium ions that do not contribute to the formation of calcium salts is converted into calcium hydroxide by slaking reaction, or converted into calcium carbonate by contact with carbon dioxide gas, and is mixed in the reaction product. To show an example of the ratio of these calcium compounds including calcium salts,
Assuming that the amount of calcium oxide added is 100, calcium hydroxide is about 18%, calcium carbonate is about 48%,
Calcium salt is about 34%.

By adding calcium oxide,
Not only is a calcium compound generated, but also basic components such as ammonia and amines contained in the putrefactive waste are gasified and removed. That is, a denitrification phenomenon occurs during the hydration reaction. As a result, the nitrogen content in the reaction product can be adjusted to an appropriate amount. Therefore, in the cultivated soil produced by fermenting the present product with a microorganism described below that survives in the product, it is possible to prevent excessive nitrogen phenomena, deterioration of product quality due to post-fermentation, and formation of an anaerobic environment.

If the reaction time of the additive is too long, a kneading phenomenon (pasting, refinement) is exhibited, and the resulting cultivated soil is hardly formed into an aggregated structure and hardly dried. Within minutes is desirable. However, when the raw material contains a substance that is difficult to react such as a phospholipid, a liquid oil, a basic substance, or a hardly decomposable polymer compound, the reaction time is appropriately extended. The additive material may be added in multiple portions without adding the above amount at one time.

As described above, the reaction product is a mixture of the above-mentioned calcium compound and unreacted organic and inorganic substances. Particularly, the calcium compound is physically omnidirectional (stereo-omnidirectional) due to the above-described activity of calcium oxide. ) Is uniformly dispersed.

Next, properties of the produced reaction product observed from various angles will be described with reference to tables. First, Tables 5 to 7 show the effects of fertilizer on nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium in the reaction product.
), The amount of mineralization is lower than that of the control material, the decomposition is slow, and the fertilizer form is slow. With respect to phosphoric acid (see Table 6), almost all of it is soluble in water, indicating that the fertilizer form is also slow. Also, with regard to Kari (see Table 7), more than 80% of them are water-soluble, indicating that the fertilizer form is immediate.

[0025]

[Table 5]

[Table 6]

[Table 7]

Table 8 shows the distribution ratio of the compound form of calcium in the reaction product according to the present invention. As is clear from this, 34% of the calcium salt compound is present in the reaction product. FIG. 4 shows a soil pH buffering capacity curve obtained when the reaction product was applied to soil. From the calcium ratio in Table 8, it can be seen that this reaction product is an alkaline material and a material for increasing the pH value.

[0027]

[Table 8]

Table 9 shows the results of examining the physical properties of the soil of the reaction product. As can be seen from the moisture curve in FIG. 5, the reaction product has a good water retention rate. In the figure, indicates the readily available effective moisture area, indicates the normal growth effective moisture area, or indicates the abnormally grown effective moisture area, respectively. Also, from Table 9, it can be seen that in the three-phase distribution, the ratio of solid phase decreases and the ratio of liquid / gas phase increases compared to the control group. In addition, the hydraulic conductivity showed a value approximately three times higher than that of the control. As for pF, in the test plot, the water capacity increased by about 40% in both easy and difficult water regions. To further support this, see FIG. 6, which shows the water behavior in soil application. In the control plot, the pF value decreases to 0 when no rainfall occurs, and the curve rises extremely during rainfall. On the other hand, the pF value in the control product application plot is maintained at about 2.5 on average. It can be seen that the water retention is improved.

[0029]

[Table 9]

The reaction product having such physical and chemical properties forms an environment in which only specific microorganisms such as alkalophilic microorganisms inhabit by the sterilization by the heat of hydration reaction and the high alkalinity during the production process. , After generation,
An organic acid serving as a carbon source of microorganisms forms a sparingly soluble calcium salt by reaction with calcium oxide, and has a pH of 1
Under two or more highly alkaline environments.

The reaction heat in the reaction process is as shown in FIG.
It rises sharply instantaneously, and the resulting reaction product is in a strongly alkaline state as described above. Therefore, most of the microorganisms contained in the spoilage waste during the process of producing the reaction product are sterilized, and only the microorganisms that survive the environmental change inhabit.

In the case of a reaction product using swine manure as a raw material, these microorganisms include bacteria groups shown in Tables 10 to 13 described below, filamentous fungi, and 90-A-1 bacteria (probably actinomycetes). Contains. Table 10 shows the changes and the numbers of the bacterial groups associated with the fermentation, Table 11 shows the changes and the numbers of the bacterial groups associated with the fermentation, and Table 12 shows the environment and the number of the bacterial groups that grew during the fermentation. Represents nutritional characteristics,
Table 13 shows the growth environment of the isolated bacteria.

[0033]

[Table 10]

[Table 11]

[Table 12]

[Table 13]

Bacteria are preferred species that can be detected, for example, at the level of 10 ⁴ / g, and actinomycetes and filamentous fungi are 10 ² / g.
It is not detected even at the g level. The bacteria detected here are
All form thermospores and grow aerobically, and many belong to the genus Bacillus. All of these microorganisms are dormant in the reaction products.

Table 13 shows the growth environment of the dormant bacteria. These bacterial groups contain a large number of new bacteria, and the grounds for making them new bacteria are as follows. GM-4 bacteria (representative strain N in Tables 10 to 13)
O. Corresponding to 0-7. NO. FERMP
-13578) that the bacterium forms elliptic to oblong spores and that the colonies on the agar plate show a turbidity;
From the fact that the growth pH range is in the range of 7 to 11 and various physiological properties such as catalase positive, VP negative, MR negative and starch degradation negative, Bacillus bad
Although it is considered to be a closely related species of B. ius, B. bacillus has a nitrate reducing ability and a citric acid utilization ability. badi
us, so it was judged to be a new species.

GM-5 bacteria (representative strain No. 3 in Tables 10 to 13)
0-2. NO. FERM P-1
3579) aerobic, gram-positive bacilli that have the ability to form spores, catalase-positive, VP-negative, MR-negative, and starch degradation-negative; brevis, B .; sphaericu
s or B.S. B. pasteurii, which is considered to be a urease-positive, gelatin- and casein-degradable negative, growing in 7% NaCl, and producing acid from Xylose. brevis. Also,
B. sphaericus means that the spores of the bacterium are oval, have a nitrate reducing ability, and
e, in that it produces an acid from D-mannitol. Furthermore, B. Pasteurii was determined to be a new species because the spores were elliptical, did not grow under anaerobic conditions, and did not degrade gelatin.

GM-8 bacteria (representative strain No. 3 in Tables 10 to 13)
Corresponding to 0-1. NO. FERM P-1
3581) aerobic, gram-positive bacilli having the ability to form spores, catalase positive, VP negative, MR negative, starch degradation positive, etc. It is considered to be a closely related species of farmus.
This bacterium can be grown at 55 ° C., has a positive ability to use citric acid, and does not produce acid from mannitol. Since it is different from farmus, it was determined to be a new species.

GM-9 bacteria (representative strain No. 6 in Tables 10 to 13)
Corresponding to 0-7. NO. FERM P-1
3582) The spore shape is partially spherical, the ability to reduce nitrate is negative, no acid is produced from arabinose, xylose, D-mannitol, and growth factors are required. s
ubtilis, so it was determined to be a new species.

Bacterium 90-4 (No. FERM P-1421 deposited with the Japan Institute of Fine Technology)
8) This bacterium has a spherical spore shape and can grow at 50 ° C. Since it is different from Lentus, it was determined to be a new species.

Bacterium 90-7 (Deposit No. FERM P-1421, deposited by the Japan Institute of Fine Technology)
9) This bacterium is urease positive, casein negative and 7% N
B. can grow on aCl. brevis.
In addition, the spore shape is a short ellipse and the nitrate reduction ability is positive. different from Sphaericus. Furthermore, the spores of the present strain have a short oval shape and do not grow under anaerobic conditions. different from pasteurii. Therefore, it was determined to be a new species.

Bacterium 90-11 (No. FERM P-142, deposited at Microfabrication Laboratory)
13) This bacterium has no spore swelling, is positive for urease, is negative for casein degradation, and can grow on 7% NaCl. b
different from revis. In addition, the spores are elliptical, the spores have no swelling, and the nitrate reducing ability is positive. different from Sphaericus. Furthermore, the spores are elliptical, the spores do not bulge, and cannot grow under anaerobic conditions. pas
different from teurii. Therefore, it was determined to be a new species.

Bacterial 90-1 (Deposited at NO.FERM P-1421
5) The strain is capable of growing at 55 ° C., having a swelling spore, growing under anaerobic conditions, utilizing citric acid, and not producing acid from mannitol. different from firmus. Therefore, it was determined to be a new species.

90-8 bacteria (Deposited with NO. FERM P-1422
0) This strain has a negative ability to hydrolyze casein, produce no acid from glucose and D-mannitol, and can grow at 55 ° C. different from firmus. Therefore, it was determined to be a new species.

Bacterial 90-2 (Deposited with NO. FERM P-1421
6) This strain is considered to belong to the Coryneform group, but differs from Coryneform bacteria in that it has ornithine as a cell wall diamino acid and that the quinone molecular species has MK-8 (H4). Bacteria whose cell wall diamino acid is ornithine and quinone molecular species is MK-8 (H4) are Bergey's
Since there is no description in Manual, it was determined to be a new genus.

Strain 90-3 (No. FERM P-1421 deposited with the Japan Fine Art Institute)
7) Cellulomonas does not degrade cellulose.
Since it is different from the genus bacteria, it may be a new genus.

90-10 bacteria (Deposited with NO.FERM P-142
21) Cellulomonas does not decompose cellulose
Since it is different from the genus bacteria, it may be a new genus. Note that 9
For 0-3 and 90-10, casein resolution, 7% Na
Although differences are observed in Cl growth ability, propionic acid utilization ability, and starch hydrolytic ability, both are considered to be very closely related groups of bacteria.

The filamentous fungi in the microorganisms are characterized by large spherical conidia, and the conidia formation is thought to be of the phialo type. However, unlike the typical Penicillium type, there are many unknown parts. . Therefore, it was judged as a new species of bacteria, and 90-F-1 bacteria (No. FERM P-
14214).

Further, the fungus (90-A)
No.-1 bacteria, deposited at NO. FERMP-14222)
Does not break the hypha and no formation of aerial hypha is observed.
Diaminopimelic acid during cell hydrolysis is meso-DA
P. It grows well on yeast-malt agar and forms coral red buttery colonies.

As described above, the microorganisms in the reaction product are in a dormant state, and therefore, in the reaction product, the decomposition of organic substances by the microorganisms is not performed, and the decay is stopped. For this reason, although the reaction product has a slight odor (fecal odor) generated by organic substances, the decay does not proceed.
In addition, when slaked lime is mixed with the putrefactive waste, high heat of reaction cannot be obtained, so that the lower fatty acid such as formic acid has a low calcium chloride ratio and does not cause denitrification of ammonia or the like. In addition, since solid matter that is not decomposed is only agglomerated around slaked lime, the pH of the material is not uniform, there are many soluble components, and general microorganisms survive in a large amount. Even so, if the pH of the reaction product decreases due to the growth of microorganisms that generate acids such as intestinal bacteria, the growth of other microorganisms that have been suppressed until now occurs at once, and abnormal fermentation accompanied by the generation of offensive odors occurs.
On the other hand, the reaction product according to the method of the present invention does not cause harmful effects of undecomposed organic substances such as generation of harmful gases and propagation of harmful microorganisms for the above-mentioned reasons.

Then, when water and air are supplied to the reaction product at a desired time, the reaction product is neutralized by carbon dioxide in the air, the pH value drops to 12 or less, and the bacterial group which lives in the alkaline environment is removed. Proliferation begins (see FIG. 7).
In particular, GM-4 bacteria can be used in a highly alkaline environment (pH 11 to pH 11).
(Less than 12) (see Table 13).
This fungus preferentially starts growing. With this fermentation
H value decreases. With this decrease in pH, it becomes possible to grow other bacterial groups that could not grow before. Since GM-5 bacteria can grow in an environment of pH 10, if the growth of GM-4 bacteria progresses to some extent, GM-5 bacteria will also start growing in response.

As the two GM bacteria grow, heat of reaction is generated and the temperature of the reaction product rises. As a result, the GM-8 bacteria which had been in a dormant state (NO.
P-13581) and GM-9 bacterium (Deposited at NO.F
ERM P-13582) begins to proliferate. The GM-9 bacterium is a well-known B. bacterium that generates heat, as described later. s
Since the bacterium resembles Utilis, the temperature of the reaction product is further increased.

Then, as the growth of these bacterial groups becomes active, the pH of the reaction product decreases more and more. This pH
When the decline in the number of bacteria reaches the area where actinomycetes and filamentous fungi can grow, these bacteria, which initially had only an undetectable number of bacteria, start to grow. Since both bacteria survive under the high heat and high alkali environment described above, they are bacteria having durable spores.

When the pH is between 10 and 9, 90-4
Bacteria also grow. When the pH reaches 9, 90-7
Bacteria, 90-11, 90-1, 90-8, 90-2
Bacteria, 90-3, and 90-10 grow well and reduce the pH further to about slightly above 8 (Table 1).
0 to FIG. 7). As shown in Table 13, most of the bacterial groups have salt tolerance, and some of them seem to be halophilic bacteria. It is thought to have the effect of absorbing and eliminating salt damage in the soil. When these bacteria reach the stationary phase, the growth of the bacteria almost stops, and the product temperature decreases (see FIG. 8). As a result, actinomycetes and filamentous fungi grow more actively, so that the soluble organic matter in the reaction products is assimilated by microorganisms, and at the same time, metabolites of these bacterial groups accumulate in the reaction products. Calcium hydroxide in the reaction product is converted into calcium carbonate by a series of fermentation actions by microorganisms. As a result, the reaction product is a fermentation product having physical and chemical properties that are beneficial to the plant by the microorganism group.

[0054]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. Highly active calcium oxide per 100 kg of swine manure as raw material
0 Kg was added and this was mixed and stirred in the reactor for 15 minutes,
110 kg of a slurry-like reaction product was obtained. This was dried in a drying room at a temperature of 30 ° C. to remove about 20% of water, stored, and put into a fermentation tank 60 days later. After about 72 hours from the fermenter, about 40 Kg of the fermentation product could be obtained. In this fermentation product, the calcium compound was 15 kg (dry matter weight), and the fermented organic matter and other inorganic matter was 12 kg (dry matter weight).

The pH value of the fermented product and the weight% of calcium, magnesium and potassium in the composition are compared with the reaction product. First, the reaction product has a pH of 12.
6, EC 6.9, total calcium 28.2%, total magnesium 1.54%, total potassium 1.48%
Whereas the fermented product had a pH of 7.78, EC
Was 2.62, the total calcium content was 25.8%, the total magnesium content was 0.88%, and the total potassium content was 0.66%.

FIG. 8 shows the temperature and pH when the reaction product obtained as described above was fermented with a suitable amount of water.
3 shows the change over time in EC and EC. As is clear from this figure, the temperature rose rapidly during the first 7 days, and gradually rose on the following 14 days. After that, however, the temperature rapidly decreased, and returned to the original temperature 21 days later. pH
Is pH 12-13 for 14 days when temperature rise is observed
Although it dropped almost linearly to around 8.6, the slope of the falling straight line became gradual after 14 days, when the drop in the product temperature started, and showed a tendency to be almost flat. On the other hand, the EC value sharply decreased from 12 to 8 on the first 7 days, but decreased almost linearly from EC8 to EC5 with a gentle slope from 14 to 14 days thereafter.

FIG. 7 shows the fate of the microorganisms during the fermentation process. The first growing microorganism was a bacterium, and no actinomycetes and filamentous fungi were detected. Bacterial growth soared several days after the start of fermentation. That is, about 14 days were in the early and middle logarithmic growth phases, and then about 7 days showed a growth curve in the late logarithmic growth phase. When the pH dropped to 9 or less 14 days after the start of fermentation, actinomycetes and filamentous fungi came to be detected. At this time, it was found that actinomycetes showed remarkable growth.

As described above, since the present reaction product is a fermentation material in an environment where intestinal bacteria and general bacteria are extremely difficult to proliferate, it is strongly suggested that the reaction product will be fermented by a unique microorganism that can be adapted to the environment. Was done. In addition, these microorganisms are not involved in the entire period of the main fermentation, but are interpreted as those in which various microorganisms become priority species according to the environment that changes over time and promote fermentation.

The fermentation product had the following characteristics: Color: brown to light blackish brown. Odor: Compost odor or almost odorless. Shape: The original shape is not recognized at all. Small granular. Moisture: hardly sticks to palm even if squeezed hard. About 30% moisture. According to the ripeness criteria (Harada; 1984), it can be determined to be the highest quality grade.

This fermentation product could be used as it is as a compost or plant medium satisfying the conditions of ripeness.
In particular, it could be generally used as a cultivation soil for growing various crops such as melon, komatsuna, spinach, eggplant, tomato, and cucumber. When used as these soils, various organic acids contained in the calcium salt are in a form easily absorbed by the roots of the cultivated plant, and act to enhance the characteristics of each plant. For example, the sugar content, the water content, the disease resistance, the starch content, and the leaf thickness are improved. In addition, examples have been reported in which the flowering time is advanced and the rooting is improved.

Further, when the effects on various plant diseases were examined, a remarkable effect of suppressing the diseases caused by Fusarium, Monpa disease and Rhizoctonia was observed.

From September to December 1991, at a Shizuoka Prefectural Iwata Agricultural High School, a melon cultivation test was performed using a fermented product resulting from the method of the present invention as a test plot, using a humus-rich loam paddy soil as a control plot. went. Fertilization was carried out by dividing 10 g / strain with the melon-specific organic compounding N component into four times. In the test plot, the topdressing of calcium hydroxide and potassium was not performed. The sugar content of the fruit was 13.6% in the control plot, whereas it was 14.5% in the test plot, which increased by about 1%.

The fermentation product is applied to the cultivation of cereals, roots and vegetables in paddy fields and fields,
It has been found to have good results on these growths. For paddy fields, from 1991 to 1992, a rice cultivation test was conducted under the conditions shown in Table 14.
The results are shown in Table 15 for the yield and Table 16 for the quality and taste. The test plot scale and layout are shown in FIG. It can be seen that although the yield was not so different from that of the control group, it was possible to produce an excellent taste. Also, Table 17 compares the component values of the above-mentioned paddy field applied soil, and it can be seen that calcium is not accumulated and the soil pH value does not increase despite being a calcium material.

[0064]

[Table 14]

[Table 15]

[Table 16]

[Table 17]

The barley cultivation test using the fermentation product material was performed as follows.
From 1991 to 1992, under the cultivation conditions shown in Table 18 with the scale and arrangement shown in FIG. 10, the results shown in Tables 19 and 20 were obtained. In addition, in the first section, the first section was a control section without the application of this material, but in the second year, it was joined to the D section. Therefore, in the second year, the control plot disappeared, and the cultivation area of the plot D became 14a instead. From Table 20, it can be seen that the yield significantly increased in both the first year and the second year.

[0066]

[Table 18]

[Table 19]

[Table 20]

[Table 21]

The cultivation test of sweet potatoes using the fermentation product material was carried out as follows.
In 1991, under the cultivation conditions shown in Table 21, the results shown in Table 22 were obtained. From Table 22, it can be seen that the actual yield and the average weight per piece increased by 30%, and the starch content and the carbohydrate content also increased.

[0068]

[Table 22]

A long cultivation test using this fermented product material was conducted from 1990 to 1991 under the cultivation conditions shown in Tables 23 to 28 (Table 23 shows the structure of the exhibition garden,
Table 24 shows the contents of the test plot, Table 25 shows the species overview, Table 26 shows the amount of fertilization, Table 27 shows the number of times the chemicals are used, and Table 28 shows the weather conditions. ), And the results shown in Tables 29 and 30 were obtained.
Table 29 shows a comparison of quality standards. It can be seen that quality standards having no variation were obtained even in the third year.
Table 30 compares the quality such as the starch content.
It can be seen that the test plots were excellent in the third and third year.

[0070]

[Table 23]

[Table 24]

[Table 25]

[Table 26]

[Table 27]

[Table 28]

[Table 29]

[Table 30]

The soybean cultivation test using the fermented product material was performed as follows.
When the cultivation conditions shown in Table 31 were carried out in 1989, the results shown in Table 32 were obtained. Table 32 compares the yields of the three grains and the two pods, and shows that the average yield is obtained in total, which is comparable to or higher than the compost section.

[0072]

[Table 31]

[Table 32]

A cultivation test of spinach continuous cropping using the fermented product material was carried out in 1988 under the cultivation conditions shown in Table 33. The results shown in Table 34 were obtained with respect to growth and yield. According to Table 34, remarkable effects were observed for both the growth and the yield.

[0074]

[Table 33]

[Table 34]

The effect of continuous application of this fermentation material on the nodulation of soybeans was carried out under the cultivation conditions shown in Table 35.
The result shown in FIG. 6 was obtained. It can be seen that the nodule weight is increased by about 40% on average compared to the control group.

[0076]

[Table 35]

[Table 36]

The effect of continuous application of this fermentation material on root rot of long ones was obtained. The results shown in Table 37 were obtained. Note that 0 indicates no disease and 1 to 4 indicate the severity of the disease among the diseased strains. The higher the number, the heavier the disease. In the second year of the control plot, this fermentation material was applied, and this year is regarded as a test plot for the single year application of this fermentation material. As can be seen from Table 37, the degree of onset is remarkably low when this fermentation material is applied.

[0078]

[Table 37]

[0079]

As described above, according to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained. In the method of the present invention, the putrefactive waste is fermented using microorganisms which have been in a durable state in an alkaline sterilizing environment. It can be converted to materials equivalent to compost.

Further, according to the present invention, since the initiation of the growth of the microorganism can be artificially adjusted, the fermentation can be controlled manually and a fermentation product free from the risk of secondary fermentation can be obtained. Further, the present invention has a unique physical structure of the reaction product, which is rich in water permeability and water retention, has a slow-acting fertilizing effect, and can be used as a soil alone by itself.

Further, the present invention can provide a material having various disease-suppressing abilities due to a microorganism habitat having a physical structure unique to the above-mentioned microorganism.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the hydration reaction rate of calcium oxide used in the present invention in comparison with commercial quicklime.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the difference in the hydration reaction between calcium oxide used in the present invention and commercially available quick lime by the ratio of the measured reaction temperature to the theoretical value.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a comparison of the ratio of eluted organic matter when the reaction product of the present invention immediately after the hydration reaction and a control material are washed with water.

FIG. 4. Soil pH when the above reaction product is applied to soil
Graph showing buffer capacity curve

FIG. 5 is a graph showing a pF-moisture curve of the reaction product.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing an example of water behavior when the above reaction product is applied to soil.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the evolution of microorganisms during the fermentation process.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing a change in physical properties of the reaction product during fermentation.

FIG. 9 is a layout diagram of a test plot in an example in which the fermentation product is applied in a paddy field.

FIG. 10 is a layout diagram of a test plot in an example in which the fermentation product was applied to a field and barley yield was tested.

Continuation of front page (56) References JP-A-2-153889 (JP, A) JP-A-56-69291 (JP, A) JP-A-56-161896 (JP, A) JP-A-62-195289 (JP, A) JP, A 62-97698 (JP, A) JP, 7-2589 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) C05F 1/00-17/02 C02F 11/00-11/20 C09K 17/32 B09B 3/00 C12P 1/00-1/06

Claims (12)

(57) [Claims] 1. A fermentation product obtained by fermenting a reaction product of a solid-liquid mixed putrefactive waste and a highly active calcium oxide-based additive by supplying water and air, wherein the pH value is Contains a microorganism that survives in a highly alkaline environment of 12 or more, wherein the microorganism is a first group of bacteria that starts growing between pH 11 and less than 12 and a microorganism that grows well between pH 11 and 9. Two groups of bacteria and p
A bacterial group consisting of a third group of bacteria that grow well below H9, a filamentous fungus, and a 90-A-1 bacterium, which grow and maintain a pH of around 8; A fermentation product characterized by that. 2. The fermentation product according to claim 1, wherein the bacteria belonging to the first group are GM-4 bacteria. 3. The bacterium belonging to the second group includes one of GM-5, GM-8, GM-9, and 90-.
The fermentation product according to claim 1, which is 4 bacteria or 90-7 bacteria. 4. A bacterium belonging to the third group, wherein one of bacteria 90-1, 90-2, 90-3 and 90-
The fermentation product according to claim 1, which is 4 bacteria, 90-7 bacteria, 90-8 bacteria, 90-10 bacteria, or 90-11 bacteria. 5. The fermentation product according to claim 1, wherein the filamentous fungus is 90-F-1 bacteria. 6. A rapid hydration reaction is caused by adding an additive mainly composed of quick lime to a putrefactive waste, and the heat of reaction of the hydration reaction and alkali sterilization by a high alkali environment are used. Stop the decay of the reaction product,
A first group of bacteria that start growing between pH 11 and less than 12 in the reaction product;
A second group of bacteria that grows well between
a group of bacteria consisting of a third group of bacteria that grow well below pH 9, a filamentous fungus, and 90-A-1
By leaving microorganisms that are detectable, durable, and capable of growing in a highly alkaline state, composed of bacteria, and supplying water and air at an appropriate time, the pH value is determined using the above bacterial group. The durable filamentous fungi and 90-A-1 bacteria that survive in the reaction product are proliferated as the pH value decreases, and the reaction product is alkalized by the growth of these microorganisms. A method for producing a fermentation product, wherein the fermentation product is fermented. 7. The calcium ion in the calcium oxide is dissociated by the hydration reaction, and a lower fatty acid is produced from the amino acid in the putrefactive waste, and the lower fatty acid and the putrefactive waste are originally contained in the produced lower fatty acid and the putrefactive waste. 7. The method for producing a fermentation product according to claim 6, wherein the acid containing the lower fatty acid and the dissociated calcium ion combine to form a calcium salt. 8. The method for producing a fermentation product according to claim 6, wherein the pH value of the reaction product immediately after the hydration reaction is in a highly alkaline state of 12 to 13. 9. The method for producing a fermentation product according to claim 6, wherein the bacteria belonging to the first group are at least one of GM-4 and GM-5. 10. The bacterium belonging to the second group comprises one of GM-5, GM-8, GM-9, and 90.
The method for producing a fermentation product according to claim 6, wherein the fermentation product is bacterium -4 or 90-7. 11. The bacterium belonging to the third group, wherein one of bacteria 90-1, 90-2, 90-3, 90
The method for producing a fermentation product according to claim 6, wherein the fermentation product is bacterium -4, 90-7, 90-8, 90-10, or 90-11. 12. The method for producing a fermentation product according to claim 6, wherein the filamentous fungus is 90-F-1 bacteria.