JP3249972B2 - Shield machine - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a shield machine for excavating a tunnel having a compound cross-sectional shape in which a plurality of circular portions are connected, and more particularly, to a shield machine having a plurality of rotary cutters on the same face. It relates to an excavator.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, a shield machine has a cylindrical tube called a shield (shield) for preventing the collapse of an earth wall, a shield jack for advancing, and a ground (face) at the front of the shield. It is composed mainly of a cutter for cutting.

A shield excavator having a complex cross section, which has recently attracted attention, has a shield having a cross section in which two or more circles are connected and a plurality of cutters. Since it is possible to excavate a continuous (multiple) tunnel with a circular section, it is extremely effective when a large space such as a double-track railway tunnel or a station or road is formed underground.

[0004] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-178693 and Japanese Unexamined Utility Model Publication No. 2-1859 have already disclosed a shield section machine having a complex cross section.
No. 4 discloses this. Each is characterized by the shape, arrangement, and drive system of the cutters, but each has only a plurality of rotary cutters and has a structure as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B. That is, for example, in the case of a triple shield excavator, the rotary cutters 10 ', 20', 3
0 'shifts the position back and forth (in the figure, cutter 20'
0 'is slightly behind), and are arranged in parallel on the front of the excavator, overlapping part of the excavation area. Cutter 10 '
・ 20 ′ ・ 30 ′ are multiple cutter bits 1
1 ′, 21 ′ and 31 ′, all of which are rotationally driven by a driving device (not shown), so that three circles are continuous in the same manner as the outer shape of the excavator (ie, the shape of the shield 2 ′). A tunnel with a cross section will be excavated.

[0005] As another prior art, a shield machine for excavating a tunnel having an elliptical cross section has been disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 61 (1986).
-49100. This excavator
Around the rotary cutter, a fixed wall inclined in a mortar shape is provided, and a number of high-pressure water jet nozzles are provided on the fixed wall,
It is intended to excavate areas that cannot be excavated with a cutter using high-pressure water.

[0006]

However, in the conventional shield machine shown in FIG. 5, the position of the cutter 10 'and the other cutters 20' and 30 'are shifted back and forth.
Due to the overlapped portion, 1) a large opening is formed on the upper surface of those cutters, especially on the overlapped portion, and the ground is easily collapsed, and the upper ground may be loosened to cause land subsidence. Also cutters 10 'and 20'
・ Since the tip surface of 30 ′ is arranged in an uneven shape, the stability of the face is lacking.

[0007] Further, since there are portions where the digging ranges overlap between the cutters 10 'and 20' and between the cutters 10 'and 30', 2) the portions where the digging ranges overlap in the example of FIG. , The foremost central cutter 1 on the excavator
0 'is responsible for excavation, so the left and right cutters 20' and 3
0 'indicates that the excavation area or work is less than that of the cutter 10', but nonetheless,
0 'requires the same amount of motion (speed and distance) as cutter 10'. That is, cutter 20 '/ 3
At 0 ', the drive unit and bearings
The mechanical parts such as the sealing device are often worn, which is not preferable in terms of power loss. 3) The cutter bits 21 'and 31' attached to the cutters 20 'and 30' are hidden behind the cutter 10 'for a part of the total operation time and do not contribute to excavation. That is, even if a large number of bits 31 are provided, the rate at which they operate effectively is low.

[0008] In addition to the above, the cutter 10'.2
Each of the driving sources 0 'and 30' is almost limited to a motor (hydraulic motor or electric motor), and the cutter 10 '
Since the cutter 10 'must be supported at the center as shown in FIG. 5 (b) in order to avoid contact interference between 20' and 30 ', the degree of freedom in the layout of each part in the shield machine is limited. There are inconveniences.

Further, in the case of the latter shield excavator having a high-pressure water injection nozzle, high-pressure water is injected from an injection nozzle provided on a fixed wall in the vicinity of the cutter to excavate, so that earth and sand are placed on the front surface of the fixed wall. Penetrates and covers the injection nozzle, it becomes difficult to obtain the excavation effect even when high-pressure water is injected from the nozzle, and the injection nozzle may be finally closed.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points,
A plurality of rotary cutters with excellent excavation ability are all arranged on the same face, eliminating positional deviation before and after the cutter and eliminating duplication of the excavation range between the cutters. It is an object of the present invention to provide a shield machine capable of minimizing the area and reliably excavating the ground even in a non-excavation area.

[0011]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above object, a shield machine according to the present invention comprises: a) a plurality of rotations for excavating a tunnel having a compound cross-sectional shape in which a plurality of circular portions are connected; A shield machine equipped with a rotary cutter on the same face, b) two or more large rotating main cutters arranged side by side (for example, side by side)
Was, medium between the rotational periphery of the adjacent main cutter (up and down)
Of the rotary sub-cutter of which the rotating peripheral edge is
C) are arranged on the same face as the main cutter so as to abut against the rotating edge of the
Formed at each rotating periphery of the main cutter and the sub-cutter.
A small rotary auxiliary bracket is located approximately in the center of the
D) high-pressure jet water that penetrates the peripheral side surface of the auxiliary cutter at intervals in the circumferential direction and that communicates with the injection nozzle of the auxiliary cutter through the rotating shaft. The high-pressure jet water is jetted radially in the non-digging area when the auxiliary cutter rotates.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the auxiliary bracket is provided.
Axis of rotation of the auxiliary cutter in the chamber behind the
Can be fitted with a stirring blade .

[0013]

According to the shield machine of the present invention having the above configuration, a plurality of rotary main cutters and a plurality of rotary main cutters are provided.
Most of the tunnel section is excavated by the sub-cutter . The rotary main cutters and secondary becomes their main
Areas that cannot be excavated with a cutter (non-excavation areas)
Most of it is excavated by the rotary auxiliary cutter. All the cutters, including the auxiliary cutters, are arranged on the same face, so that most of the ground face is supported by the cutter and the face is stable. It is much smaller than a shield machine where the cutter position is shifted back and forth, so there is no risk of the ground breaking. In addition, since each cutter is of a rotary type that continuously rotates within a range of 360 °, the excavating ability is excellent and a highly efficient excavating operation is achieved.

And two adjacent rotary main cutters
In the non-excavation area formed between the rotating peripheral edge of the rotary auxiliary cutter and the rotary auxiliary cutter, a small non-excavation area remains around the rotary auxiliary cutter disposed almost at the center position. It is excavated by high-pressure jet water that is sprayed in the radial direction at the same time as the rotation of the auxiliary cutter. In particular, high-pressure jet water is injected into the contact area with the ground on the side peripheral surface of the auxiliary cutter while rotating in contact with the ground (non-digging area). Excavation works effectively because it collides with the ground with force.

[0015] its complement or, since the inside of the rotation axis in the path of the high-pressure jet water, there is no need to piping such as water supply pipe of the high-pressure jet water into the chamber.

In the shield machine according to the second aspect,
Agitating blades are mounted on the same rotating shaft as the auxiliary cutter.
By using a common drive, the auxiliary cutter and stirring blade
Can be turned over, and in addition to the digging action described above,
In the chamber behind the auxiliary cutter,
Rotates, so in the mud shield machine
Mud, and mud in the mud pressure shield machine
Is stirred and fluidized, and the cutter (including the auxiliary cutter)
The excavated soil near the gap between
The gap between cutters and sediment capture
Blockage of the mouth and the like is prevented.

[0017]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a shield machine according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

First, FIGS. 3 and 4 show an outline of the entire structure of a shield machine 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a front view of the excavator 1, and FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.

The excavator 1 has a cross-sectional shape in which two large circles are arranged side by side in a row, and small circles are connected to each other in the middle of the circles.
A tunnel having a complex sectional shape is excavated. Two large rotary main cutters 10 and 20 are arranged side by side as shown in FIG.
Up and down small rotary sub-cutters 30.4 between 0.20
0 are arranged, and a cylindrical shield 2 having a substantially eye-shaped cross section is provided along the contour line. Needless to say, the cutters 10, 20, 30, and 40 are for cutting the ground, and each of them has a large number of cutter bits 11.
21, 31 and 41 are provided. The tip surfaces (faces) of the cutters 10, 20, and 30 are arranged so as to be flush with each other as shown in FIG. In addition, excavator 1
As shown in FIG. 4, the bulkhead 4 has a front chamber 5.
The shield 2 is provided with shield jacks 3A and 3B, segment electors 8A and 8B, a water supply pipe, a drain pipe (not shown), and the like.

The upper non-excavation area formed by the rotating edges of the main cutters 10 and 20 and the upper sub-cutter 30 on both sides, and the lower non-excavation area formed by the rotating edges of the main cutters 10 and 20 and the lower sub-cutter 40 In each area almost at the center position,
As shown in FIG. 3, small auxiliary cutters 50 are arranged. The auxiliary cutter 50 is a rotary cutter that continuously rotates in a fixed direction over 360 ° as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

Next, FIGS. 1 and 2 show the structure of a characteristic portion of the shield machine 1 of the present invention. FIG. 1 is an enlarged schematic front view of a part (the auxiliary cutter and the periphery) of the shield machine shown in FIG. 3, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line XX of FIG.

As shown in FIG. 1, the cutter bit 53 is mounted on the cutter 50 along four support beams 52 provided in the radial direction from the center of rotation, and is integrated with the annular drum 51. . Upper and lower auxiliary cutter 5
As shown in FIG. 2, the rotary shafts 0 protrude forward through the bulkhead 4 and are rotatably supported via a bearing device 55 and a sealing material (not shown).
Is attached to the front end so as to be integrally rotatable. A reduction gear 57a is attached to the rear end of the rotation shaft 56 so as to be integrally rotatable, and is meshed with a drive gear 57b of a motor 57 (drive device). When the motor 57 is started, the cutter 50 rotates together with the drum 51. As shown in FIG. 2, the tip surface of the auxiliary cutter 50 also
・ It is matched with the tip surface of 40.

The rotary shaft 56 has a hollow structure, and a jet water supply passage (not shown) is formed in the shaft core from the rear end to the front end. A high-pressure jet water spray nozzle 58 is provided on the peripheral surface of the drum 51 of the auxiliary cutter 50 at a constant interval in the circumferential direction.
8 and the water supply path of the rotating shaft 56 are connected inside the drum 51. Although not shown, the water supply path of the rotating shaft 56 is connected to a high-pressure jet water source (not shown) in the shield machine 1 via a hose, a swivel joint, and the like.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, three stirring blades 60 are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction around the rotary shaft 56 so as to protrude in the radial direction, and rotate integrally with the rotary shaft 56.
In the muddy water shield machine 1, the earth and sand excavated by the cutters 10, 20, 30, and 40 are mixed with water from a water pipe (not shown) in the chamber 5 by the action of the stirring blades 60. Mix and drain pipe (not shown)
Is discharged from As the excavation progresses, Erecta 8A
8B, the segment a is lined on the inner wall surface of the tunnel, but the excavator 1 obtains a propulsive force by pressing the jacks 3A and 3B against the end faces of the segment a thus constructed, and further excavates the tunnel. Segment a
The gap between FIG. 4 and the shield 2 is closed by a grout seal 2 a (FIG. 4) at the rear end of the shield 2.

Next, the excavation mode of the shield machine 1 of the embodiment having the above-described configuration will be described.

3 and 4, shield machine 1
With the jacks 3A and 3B, all cutters 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 at the tip end are continuously rotated in a predetermined direction while being pressed against the ground to perform excavation work. In particular, the auxiliary cutter 50, which is a characteristic part of the shield machine 1, is excavated by a cutter bit 53 (FIG. 2) which rotates in contact with the ground on the front surface thereof, and a side circumference of the auxiliary cutter 50 (drum 51). By the high-pressure jet water jet radially jetted from the jet nozzle 58 on the surface, the auxiliary cutter 50 in FIG. 1 is centered on the rotating edge of the cutters 10, 20, 30 (40) arranged around the auxiliary cutter 50. Excavate the remaining unexcavated area. Those unexcavated areas are left uncut by the cutter 10
4 cutters 10 and 20 that rotate continuously in a predetermined direction even when taken in between 20 and 30 (40)
The earth and sand in the non-excavated area collapses or easily collapses due to the rotational force of the side peripheral surface of 30 (40) and 50. In addition to this, in addition to the collapse by the action of the high-pressure jet water jet sprayed from the side peripheral surface of the auxiliary cutter 50, the sediment that has become collapsed or easily collapsed by the stirring action of the stirring blade 60 rotating in the chamber 5 at the same time. It will be fluidized and taken into the chamber 5.

The shield machine 1 of the above embodiment
Has a shape suitable for excavating a subway station (a platform portion and a track portion), for example, but is not limited to this. For example, in the case of excavating a tunnel having a complex cross-sectional shape in which three large circles are arranged side by side and small circles above and below the middle of the circles are joined and connected, respectively, as shown in FIG. Cutter 10 (2
Three large rotary main cutters having the same structure as that of 0) are arranged side by side, and small rotary sub-cutters having the same structure as the sub-cutter 30 (40) are arranged above and below the middle of each main cutter. In addition, at the approximate center position of each non-digging area formed by the rotating periphery of the main cutter and sub-cutter on both sides,
An auxiliary cutter having the same structure as the auxiliary cutter 50 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 may be provided.

[0028]

As is apparent from the above description,
In the shield machine according to the present invention, all the cutters are made rotary and the face faces are made the same, so that the overlapping of the excavation areas is avoided, and the two large circles are adjacent to each other so as to abut each other.
The two main cutters in contact with each other and the circles
Adjacent secondary power so that a small circle is
Almost in the non-digging area formed between each rotating edge with the
Since the auxiliary cutter is arranged at the center position so as to be flush with the face of the other cutter, and high-pressure jet water is jetted from the auxiliary cutter in the radial direction, the following effects are obtained.

1) The excavation efficiency is high and the excavation ability is excellent, the face face is stable, and the ground above the cutter is unlikely to collapse.

2) The non-excavation area around the auxiliary cutter is minimized, and the excavation is ensured even in the non-excavation area. In particular, since high-pressure jet water is jetted from the rotating auxiliary cutter, the excavation effect is sufficiently exhibited, and the jet nozzle is not blocked by earth and sand.

3) In the shield machine according to claim 2,
The chamber behind the cutter (inside the bulkhead)
Since the agitating blades are rotated inside the section , muddy water and mud in the chamber behind the auxiliary cutter are agitated, fluidization is promoted, and the excavated earth and sand is reliably taken into the chamber from between the cutters. Sediment does not block.

[0032]

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view showing a characteristic portion of a shield machine according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a part (an auxiliary cutter and a periphery) of the shield machine shown in FIG. 3 is enlarged.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line XX of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a front view showing an embodiment of the shield machine according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a conventional shield machine, and FIG.
5A is a front view, and FIG. 5B is a BB cross-sectional view thereof.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shield excavator 4 Bulkhead 5 Chamber 10 ・ 20 Rotary main cutter 30 ・ 40 Rotary auxiliary cutter 11 ・ 21 ・ 31 ・ 41 Cutter bit 50 Auxiliary cutter 56 Rotation axis 58 High pressure jet water spray nozzle 60 Stirrer blade

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Koji Matsumoto, Inventor 5-29-25, Oizumi Gakuencho, Nerima-ku, Tokyo (72) Inventor Tetsushi Sonoda 2-58-8, Kitaaoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo (72) Inventor Toru Sugizaka 2-5-8 Kita-Aoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (72) Inventor Masataka Nishio 2-5-8 Kita-Aoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo Intra-magazine, (72) Inventor Yoshitoku Shioya 1-1-1, Wadazakicho, Hyogo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.Kobe Shipyard (72) Inventor Takashi Noguchi 3-1-1, Higashikawasakicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo Kawasaki Heavy Industries Stock (56) References JP-A-2-35190 (JP, A) JP-A-57-197395 (JP, A) JP-A-62-99597 (JP, A) JP-A-3-21496 (JP) , U) (58) Investigated field (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E21D 9/08 E21D 9/10 E21D 9/12 E21D 9/06 301

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A shield excavator for excavating a tunnel having a complex cross-sectional shape in which a plurality of circular portions are connected and comprising a plurality of main rotary cutters on the same face face, wherein two or more large rotary cutters are provided. Butt the main cutters with each other
Side by side arranged to, between the rotating periphery of the adjacent main cutter
A medium-sized rotary sub-cutter with the rotating periphery on both sides
Each of the main cutter and the sub-cutter is arranged on the same face as the main cutter so as to abut against the rotating periphery of the main cutter.
At the center of the non-excavation area formed by the rolling edge, a small
A high-pressure jet that arranges rotary auxiliary cutters respectively, and pierces injection nozzles on the side peripheral surface of the auxiliary cutter at intervals in the circumferential direction, and communicates with the injection nozzle of the auxiliary cutter through the inside of the rotating shaft. A shield machine wherein a water supply channel is provided and high-pressure jet water is jetted radially in a non-excavation area when the auxiliary cutter rotates. 2. In the chamber behind the auxiliary cutter.
The shield machine according to claim 1 , wherein a stirring blade is attached to a rotation shaft of the auxiliary cutter .