JP3229175B2 - Crane hoisting equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a control device in which a hoisting rope overload prevention device for lifting and lowering a suspended load of a container or the like engaged with a spreader and a spread posture rotation control device are integrated. The present invention relates to a crane hoisting device that includes a spreader inclination attitude control device, does not complicate a hydraulic device that drives the control device, and can reduce damage to the hoisting device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In order to unload cargo such as loaded containers from a ship berthing to a shore or to load the land cargo onto a ship, the ship travels along the quay,
A crane that reciprocates between on land and above a ship's hold is used.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a container crane installed on a quay as an example. As shown in the figure, a trolley 3 runs on a girder 2 laid on a structural material of a container crane 1 running along a quay, and on a boom 2 ′ provided to project from the tip of the girder 2 to the sea side. The trolley 3 is used for loading or unloading from the trolley 3 via a plurality of hoisting drums 5a, 5b via a plurality of hoisting ropes 10a, 10b stretched along the girder 2 and the boom 2 '. The spreader 4 that holds the container 20 to be performed is suspended. The hoisting drums 5a and 5b are driven through the speed reducer 11 shown in FIG. 5 to hoist or lower the hoisting ropes 10a to 10b, thereby raising and lowering the spreader 4, and the container 20 gripped by the spreader 4 is moved. The cargo is transferred from the land to the hold at the anchor and loaded, or unloaded from the hold to the land.

[0004] The container crane 1 has a posture control device for correcting the posture of the spreader 4, that is, the container 20 to be lifted and lowered in a horizontal state, and to be directed in a predetermined direction at a loading place or an unloading place. Conventionally provided. Further, in recent years, ropes 10a to 1a which are originally designed to be uniformly loaded by an accident during cargo handling or the like.
An overload prevention device is provided to alleviate the overload generated at 0d.

FIG. 5 is a view showing a rope hoisting mechanism of the container crane 1 and a conventional overload prevention incorporated in the mechanism. As shown in the figure, four hoisting ropes 10a-
10d, from the hoisting drums 5a, 5b installed on the girder 2 shown in FIG. 4, via the sheaves 6a to 6d provided at the base end of the girder 2, along the girder 2 and the boom 2 ', Trolley sheave 7a provided on traveling trolley 3
7d, lifting sheaves 8a provided on four circumferences of the spreader 4
It extends between 8d and the end of the boom 2 '. A base sheave 6 provided at a base end of the girder 2
The hydraulic cylinders 3a to 6d are installed so that their mounting positions are movable, and are hydraulic cylinders 3 as overload prevention devices 12'c, respectively.
0a to 30d.

Thus, when a large load acts on all or a part of the hoisting ropes 10a to 10d due to a trouble during unloading or loading, the force is applied to the hoisting rope. The turned base sheaves 6a to 6d also act on the connected hydraulic cylinder. At this time, if the load is an overload larger than the set pressure of the hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic cylinder extends and the overload occurs. The base sheave around which the hoisting rope is wound moves as shown by the dotted line in the figure, whereby large tension generated in the hoisting rope due to overload is reduced.

FIG. 6 shows a hoisting rope 1 shown in FIG.
It is a figure which shows the conventional rope spreader attitude | position control apparatus built into the said rope hoisting mechanism which extended the hoisting rope 10a-10d similarly to 0a-10d. As shown in the figure, also in this conventional example, the mounting positions of the base sheaves 6a to 6d provided at the base end of the girder 2 are movable similarly to the case shown in FIG. In the example, the movement of the proximal sheaves 6a to 6d is not used for overload prevention, but is used for controlling the rotation posture of the spreader.

That is, of the base sheaves 6a to 6d, hoisting ropes 10a, 10b wound around lifting sheaves 8a, 8b provided along the front end side of the spreader 4.
And a pair of base sheaves 6c and 6d for winding winding ropes wound on lifting sheaves 8c and 8d provided along the rear end sides, respectively. Link mechanisms 21'a and 21'b.

[0009] By the rotation attitude control device 12'A for driving the link mechanisms 21'a and 21'b, the winding wound around the elevating sheave, for example, the elevating sheaves 8b and 8d, on which the spreader 4 is to be rotated. The base sheaves 6b and 6d are moved in the direction in which the upper ropes 10b and 10d are tensioned, and the hoisting ropes 10a and 10c relax the base sheaves 6a and 6c, which form pairs with the base sheaves 6b and 6d, respectively. The rotation direction of the spreader 4, that is, the direction of the container 20 held by the spreader 4, is controlled by operating the link mechanisms 21'a and 21'b.
The rotation attitude control device 12'A is configured.

In FIG. 5, hoisting ropes 10a to 1d are wound around tip sheaves 9a to 9d provided at the tip of a boom 2 'and the ends of which are fixed to the tip of a boom 2'.
0d is provided at the tip of the boom 2 'in the present example, and controls the inclination that occurs in the longitudinal (front-rear) direction and the lateral direction of the spreader 4 so that the container 20 is in a horizontal state. A screw jack type inclination posture control device 12'B to be operated is connected.

As described above, in the prior art example, by operating these attitude control devices 12'A and 12'B, the lengths of the hoisting ropes 10a to 10d are appropriately extended or shortened, so that the cargo can be unloaded. By controlling the direction and the inclination of the spreader 4, the loading and unloading of the container 20 can be performed safely, and the work efficiency can be improved.

As described above, the conventional container crane 1 generally includes an overload prevention device 12'C for the hydraulic hoisting ropes 10a to 10d using a hydraulic cylinder, and a rotation posture control device 12 for the spreader. 'A and a mechanical spreader inclination attitude control device 12'B such as a link mechanism or a screw jack mechanism are usually adopted, but a hydraulic overload prevention device 12'C,
When the rotation attitude control device 12'A is used at the same time, it is necessary to provide two functions of overload prevention and attitude control to one hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic circuit becomes complicated, resulting in high cost. And it was difficult to adopt.

In addition, an overload prevention device cannot be used as a mechanical attitude control device. If a mechanical attitude control device is used, an overload may damage the hoisting device. There was a problem.

[0014]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the conventional crane hoisting apparatus by controlling the longitudinal and lateral attitudes of the spreader, and the tilt attitude control apparatus. It is an object of the present invention to provide a hoisting device for a crane having a rotation attitude control device for controlling the hoisting rope and an overload prevention device for alleviating the overload of the hoisting rope.

Further, in addition to the above-described crane hoisting apparatus, the present invention also relates to a spreader in which a hydraulic cylinder on which individual hoisting ropes are wound is linked by a link mechanism to control overload by rotation attitude control. An object of the present invention is to provide a hoisting device of a crane in which winding and unwinding of a hoisting rope in a direction in which the crane is rotated are performed by moving a base sheave.

[0016]

Therefore, the crane hoisting device of the present invention has the following means.

(1) The girder is unwound from a hoisting drum installed on the girder, and is moved between the hoisting drum and a tip sheave provided at a tip end of a boom extending from the girder to the sea side. A base sheave arranged at the base end on the land side,
And a quadrilateral spreader that travels and moves on the girder and boom, is wound around each of four lifting sheaves arranged around the four corners, and is stretched. Four hoisting ropes were provided.

(2) A hoisting rope provided at the end of the boom and connected to one end of the end of the hoisting rope which is stretched, and wound around the elevating sheave on the side where the spreader descends. Incline or by moving one end of the connected hoisting rope in the direction of unwinding the hoisting rope wound on the elevating sheave on the side where the spreader has risen, to correct the inclination of the spreader horizontally. An attitude control device was provided.

(3) The hoisting rope, which is provided at the base end of the girder and has the hoisting rope wound thereon, is moved in a direction to loosen the tension of the overloaded hoisting rope. An overload prevention device is provided to alleviate the overload.

(4) Each of the lifting sheaves provided at the base end of the girder and arranged along the sides of the front end and the rear end of the spreader, which are installed in a direction for rotating the spreader about a vertical axis. Wind the wound hoisting rope and move the base sheave in the direction to unwind the hoisting rope wound on the elevating sheave installed on the opposite side of the rotation direction, and adjust the rotation direction posture of the spreader. A rotation attitude control device for controlling was provided.

Thus, in the hoisting device of the crane of the present invention, the spreader, that is, the slant posture (inclination posture) from the horizontal state of the suspended load held by the spreader is connected to the hoisting rope end at the end of the boom. When the tilt attitude control device is operated, the four ropes from which the spreader is suspended are wound up or down as appropriate, and the attitude of the spreader in the longitudinal direction (trim) or the attitude in the horizontal direction (wrist) is controlled. .

The direction of rotation (skew) of the spreader
The posture of the girder is such that when the rotation posture control for moving the base sheave around which the hoisting rope is wound is activated at the base end of the girder, the four hoisting ropes with the spreader suspended are appropriately wound up, or By being unwound, the attitude of the spreader in the rotational direction (skew) is controlled.

Thus, the spreader during cargo handling,
That is, the posture control of the suspended load held by the spreader can be performed, and the safety of the operation can be ensured, and the loading or unloading of the suspended load can be speeded up, and the operation efficiency can be increased.

In addition, by providing an overload prevention device for preventing the overload generated on the hoisting rope by moving the base sheave performing the rotation posture in the rotation posture control device, Even if the hoisting rope is overloaded, which may occur during the operation, the tension on the hoisting rope can be reduced to avoid damage to the hoisting device. Furthermore, since the rotation posture control of the suspended load and the overload prevention of the hoisting rope are performed by winding and unwinding the hoisting rope by moving the same base sheave, the structure of the device can be simplified and the cost rises. Can be prevented.

Further, in the crane hoisting device of the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned means (1), the rotation attitude control device of the above-mentioned means (4) is as follows.

(5) One end is connected to the base sheave, which is installed at the base end of the girder and is movable, and when the hoisting rope wound around the base sheave is overloaded, it is individually extended. Then, a hydraulic cylinder for reducing the tension of the hoisting rope by moving the base sheave in a direction to reduce the tension applied to the hoisting rope was provided.

(6) Rotating around the fulcrum, along the front and rear sides of the spreader, of the pair of lifting sheaves arranged respectively, in the direction in which the spreader is to be rotated. In addition, the hoisting rope wound around the hoisting rope wound on the elevating sheave is wound in the direction in which the hoisting rope is wound, and on the hoisting wire wound on the elevating sheave arranged on the side opposite to the rotation direction. The rope moves the hydraulic cylinder to which the other end is connected in the direction of unwinding the hoisting rope from the wound base sheave, thereby moving the proximal sheave to which one end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected. A pair of link plates were provided.

(7) The pair of link plates are simultaneously driven in the same direction to be disposed along the front and rear sides of the spreader, respectively, and before and after the spreader disposed in the rotation direction of the spreader. The base sheave with the hoist rope wound around the elevating sheave in the direction in which the hoist rope is wound, and the elevating sheave before and after the spreader located on the opposite side of the spreader rotation direction. A hydraulic cylinder having the other end connected to the link plate is moved in a direction in which the hoisting rope is unwound, and a base end where the one end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected. A link device for moving the sheave was provided.

Thus, when an overload acts on all or a part of the four hoisting ropes of the crane during loading, this force is applied via the base sheave to the hydraulic pressure having one end connected to the base sheave. When acting on the cylinder and the force becomes larger than the set pressure of the hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic cylinder is extended and the base sheave position is moved, thereby alleviating the overload acting on the hoisting rope. .

Further, when controlling the attitude of the skew of the spreader, the link device is operated to simultaneously rotate the pair of link plates in the same direction. The base sheave position moves by being transmitted to respective base sheaves, one end of which is connected to the hydraulic cylinder via the hydraulic cylinder. Thus, the skew control is performed by appropriately winding or lowering the four ropes from which the spreader is suspended.

[0031]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a hoisting apparatus for a crane according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The hoisting device of the crane described in the present embodiment is applied to the container crane 1 shown in FIG.
a to 10d are wound up and down. Also,
Components having the same reference numerals as those shown in FIG. 5 or FIG. 6 are the same or similar, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

FIG. 1 shows a hoisting rope hoisting mechanism of a container crane to which the crane hoisting device of the present invention is applied, a hoisting rope overload prevention device incorporated in the mechanism, and a spreader attitude control. 2 shows the arrangement of the device.

As shown in FIG. 1, the hoisting ropes 10a to 10a
At the tip of the boom 2 ', which is the end of 0d, an inclination attitude control device 12B of the spreader 4 is installed, and at the base end (right end in the figure) of the girder 2, an overload prevention device 12C and a rotation attitude are provided. Each of the control devices 12A is provided.

The inclination attitude control device 12B is composed of, for example, two sets of screw jacks. One set includes the ends of the hoisting ropes 10a and 10c, and the other set includes the hoisting ropes 10b and 10d. Are respectively connected and actuate the respective sets of screw jacks, for example, hoisting ropes 10a and 10b or 10c and 10d.
By rolling up or down the spreader 4
(Trim control) in the longitudinal (front-rear) direction of the camera. Similarly, by raising or lowering the hoisting ropes 10a and 10d or the hoisting ropes 10b and 10c, the lateral direction control (list control) of the spreader 4 can be performed.

On the other hand, the overload prevention device 12C and the attitude control device 12A are integrally formed with each other. 2 and 3 are diagrams showing the configuration.

As shown in the figure, the base sheaves 6a to 6d installed at the base end of the girder 2 have ropes 10 respectively.
a to 10d are wound. In addition, each base sheave 6a
To 6d each include a roller 13 and a guide rail 1
4 can be moved.

The sheaves 6a to 6d are provided with hydraulic cylinders 17a to 17d, respectively, which serve to prevent overload.
Of the hydraulic cylinder 17a
To 17d, the other ends of the hydraulic cylinders 17a and 17b are connected to the first link plate 16a and the hydraulic cylinders 17c and 17c.
The other end of 17d is connected to the second link plate 16b. One end of a first rod 14a is connected to the first link plate 16a, and one end of a second rod 14b is connected to the second link plate 16b. The other ends of the first and second rods 14a and 14b are connected to a third link plate 13.

The first link plate 16a is connected to the first
a and the second link plate 16b are connected to the second pedestal 21b,
The third link plate 15 is rotatably connected to the fulcrum O ₂ and O ₃ , respectively.
It is connected so that it can rotate around ₁ . Further, the opposite end supporting point O ₁ is a side edge provided in the third cradle 22c, 1 end and rotatably connected to and Pawashirinda 13 provided with a third rod 14c is provided I have.

Thus, when the power cylinder 13 is extended and retracted,
Then, the third link plate 15 is used as a fulcrum O ₁Pivot around
Then, the first rod 14a and the second rod 14b are
The first link plate 16a and the second link plate 16
But the fulcrum O_TwoAnd O_ThreeAround each ring,
Hydraulic cylinders with the other ends connected to plate 16a, 16b
Through 17a to 17d, each proximal sheave 6a to 6b
Move right or left.

Now, for example, when the power cylinder 13 is extended upward in FIG. 2, the proximal sheaves 6a and 6c are turned around the O ₂ and O _{3 of} the first link plate 16a and the second link plate 16b. The movement causes the hydraulic cylinders 17a and 17c to move to the left, respectively.
7b and 17d move to the right, respectively, and
b and 6d move to the right respectively. Due to the movement of these base sheaves 6a to 6b, the hoisting ropes 10 respectively wound on the diagonal lifting sheaves 8a and 8c of the lifting sheaves 8a to 8d suspending the four circumferences of the spreader 4.
a and 10c are lowered, and the diagonally opposite winding ropes 10b and 10d are also wound. By operating the hoisting ropes 10a to 10d, the spreader 4 rotates counterclockwise in the drawing, and skew control can be performed. Also,
When the skew control of the spreader 4 is performed clockwise, the power cylinder 13 may be contracted downward in FIG.

Further, the hydraulic cylinders 17a to 17d
Each pressure is set to a predetermined pressure, and when the load acting on each of the hydraulic cylinders 17a to 17d is equal to or less than the set pressure as in the skew control described above, the hydraulic cylinders 17a to 17d 2 link plate 16a,
In conjunction with the O _2, rotating integrally around the O ₃ of 16b, to move the base end sheave 6a~6d performs the same operation as the rod.

However, if an overload occurs in all or a part of the hoisting ropes 10a to 10d due to an operation error or the like, a hydraulic pressure having one end connected to the base sheave around which the overloaded hoisting rope is wound. A load greater than the set pressure acts on the cylinder. Thereby, the hydraulic cylinder is
The extended and connected base sheave moves in a direction to relieve the tension applied to the hoisting rope, whereby the hoisting rope wound around the base sheave is lowered and excessive rope tension is applied. Is removed or alleviated.

As described above, in the hoisting device of the crane of the present embodiment, the trim control and the wrist control of the spreader 4 during loading and unloading, that is, the spreader, are controlled by the inclination posture control device 12B provided at the tip of the boom 2 '. 4 holds the container 20 in a horizontal state, and similarly, controls the skew of the spreader 4 by the rotation attitude control device 12A provided at the base end of the boom, and at the same time, incorporates the spreader 4 into the attitude control device 12A. Removal of overload acting on the ropes 10a to 10d by the overload prevention device 12C,
Or, by performing the relaxation, efficient and safe cargo handling work can be performed.

In this embodiment, the case of a container crane has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, but can be applied to cranes other than the container crane.

[0045]

As described above, according to the hoisting apparatus for a crane of the present invention, the tip of the boom protruding from the crane is controlled in the longitudinal direction (slim) control of the spreader and in the lateral direction (slim). List) Equipped with an inclination attitude control device that performs control. At the base end of the girder, an overload prevention device that reduces overload acting on the hoisting rope is incorporated, and the rotation direction (skew) of the spreader is controlled. Since the attitude control device is provided, cargo handling work can be performed efficiently and safely.

Further, the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder having one end connected to the base sheave is made to act for an overload prevention function. Therefore, the hydraulic circuit for operating this hydraulic cylinder is simplified, and the number of hydraulic devices is reduced. And the skew control can be performed with a single actuator. In addition, since it is integrated with an inexpensive device, the equipment cost can be greatly reduced and the crane operation can be easily performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall layout view showing a crane hoisting device of the present invention,

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing details of a rotation attitude control device and an overload prevention device according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a side view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is an overall view of a container crane as an example to which the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is applied;

FIG. 5 is an overall layout view showing an example of a conventional hoisting device of a container crane,

FIG. 6 is an overall layout view showing another example of a conventional hoisting device of a container crane.

[Explanation of symbols]

Reference Signs List 1 container crane 2 girder 2 'boom 3 trolley 4 spreader 5a, 5b hoist drum 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d base end sheave 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d trolley sheave 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d lifting sheave 9a, 9b, 9c , 9d Tip sheave 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d Hoisting rope 12A, 12'A Rotational attitude controller 12B, 12'B Inclined attitude controller 12C, 12'C Overload protection device 13 Power cylinder 14a First rod 14b 2nd rod 14c 3rd rod 15 3rd link plate 16a 1st link plate 16b 2nd link plate 17a, 17b, 17c, 17d Hydraulic cylinder as overload prevention device 20 Container 21'a, 21'b Link mechanism 22a First cradle 22b Second cradle 22c Third cradle 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d Hydraulic cylinder

Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-64-60594 (JP, A) Japanese Utility Model Laid-open No. 4-91979 (JP, U) Japanese Utility Model Laid-open No. 4-96483 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int) .Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B66C 11 / 16,13 / 08

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A hoisting drum on a girder, and a sheave disposed on a spreader that moves between a base end of the girder and a tip end of a boom extending from the girder. In a hoisting device of a crane that winds a hoisting rope, unwinds and hoists the hoisting rope from the hoisting drum, and lifts and lowers a suspended load held by the spreader, the hoisting drum and the tip of the boom The four sheaves respectively wound on the base sheave provided on the base end of the girder and the elevating sheave provided on four circumferences of the spreader between the tip sheave provided on the section. A hoisting rope, a tilting posture control device that is installed at the tip of the boom and moves the end of the hoisting rope connected thereto to control the tilting posture of the spreader, and a base end of the girder Installed in An overload prevention device that individually moves the base sheave in a direction to reduce the tension of the hoisting rope in which the overload has occurred, and an overload prevention device that alleviates the overload; and the lifting sheave in a direction that rotates the spreader. And a rotation attitude control device for controlling the rotation attitude of the spreader by moving the base sheave in a direction in which the winding rope wound around the crane is wound. 2. The rotating attitude control device according to claim 1, wherein one end is connected to the movable base sheave, and is extended when an overload occurs to move the base sheave to tension the hoist rope. Of the hoisting ropes respectively wound around the pair of elevating sheaves arranged along the front and rear sides of the spreader by rotation, and A pair of link plates for moving the base sheave via the hydraulic cylinder in a direction in which the hoisting rope is wound in and the other side of the hoisting rope is unwound; 2. A hoisting device for a crane according to claim 1, further comprising a link device for operating the hoisting ropes of the lifting sheave in synchronization with each other.