JP3195389B2 - Machine Tools - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a machine tool.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, the outer peripheral cutting of a cylindrical work is performed on a lathe using a turning tool. On the other hand, drilling, filing, milling, tapping, and the like of a workpiece are performed by a milling machine or the like using a rotary tool. Therefore, turning into one work,
Performing various processes such as milling and tapping requires a plurality of machine tools.

[0003] For this reason, equipment costs are increased and a space for installation is increased. Further, for example, when drilling is performed after peripheral cutting, the work must be removed from the lathe and reset on the milling machine, resulting in poor work efficiency.

Therefore, the present inventor has filed Japanese Patent Application No. 61-76772.
Machine tool, comprising a tool spindle and a work spindle, the tool spindle can selectively perform continuous rotation operation and fixed operation, and the work spindle can selectively perform continuous rotation operation and index operation Suggested. With this machine tool, it is possible to cut the outer periphery of a work, drill holes on a side surface of a work, and cut a groove with a single setting.

[0005]

However, in the above-mentioned machine tool, when performing the inclination machining of the outer periphery of the work, the drilling of the end face of the work, or the like, the setting of the work is re-executed using a special jig or the work is remedied. It is necessary to reset the angled tool with the tool to the tool spindle. These operations must be performed manually by an operator, which hinders automation.

In this machine tool, a turning tool and a rotating tool are set on the same tool spindle. When performing a turning process, a turning tool is inserted into the tool spindle and fixed to prevent rotation. However, a large force is applied to the bearing of the tool spindle during machining, and the life of the bearing is likely to be shortened. In this case, rattling of the tool occurs and machining accuracy deteriorates.

In view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention can perform various processes such as peripheral cutting, slanting, drilling of a peripheral and an end face and filing of a groove by a single machine, and the life of a tool spindle. It is an object of the present invention to provide a machine tool that can maintain good machining accuracy for a long time.

[0008]

The gist of the invention according to claim 1 of the present application is to provide a work spindle (23) capable of holding a work in a detachable manner and selectively performing a continuous rotation operation and an index operation. One spindle head (11) is provided for the spindle (23), and a turning mechanism (12) for turning the spindle head (11) around a turning axis is provided. The turning mechanism (12) is provided with a gear train ( 13) and a servo motor (14), the gear train (13) has an internal gear (13a) fixed to a spindle head (11), and the turning axis is horizontally arranged and the internal gear ( 13a), the spindle head (11) is driven by the servo motor (14) to rotate the horizontal pivot axis in the clockwise direction and the counterclockwise direction. The first tool spindle (15), which is rotatable about the center and can set one tool rotatably and detachably, and the second tool spindle (16), which can fix and detachably set one tool, are common. provided in one of the spindle head (11), set parallel to each other the axes of the first tool axis and the second tool spindle of a spindle (15) (16), said first tool
The axis of the spindle (15) is the center of the internal gear (13a)
Passing through an axis, said second tool spindle (16)
Shaft passes through the outside of the internal teeth of the internal gear (13a) and rotates.
The tool (71) is mounted on the first tool spindle (15).
The turning tool (81) is the second tool spindle
(16), and the one spindle head (11) turns around the horizontal turning axis,
The position where the axis of the first tool spindle (15) and the axis of the second tool spindle (16) are not only parallel to the axis of the work spindle (23) but also have a desired angle with respect to the position. With a configuration that stops with
A machine tool characterized in that one tool is always selectively set to only one of the first tool spindle (15) and the second tool spindle (16).

[0009]

When performing a turning operation such as peripheral cutting of a workpiece using a turning tool, the turning tool is fixed to a second tool spindle for the turning tool to perform the processing. For this reason, no load is placed on the first tool spindle for the rotary tool, especially on its bearing.

In the machine tool according to the second aspect, the spindle head can be turned to a position where the first tool spindle is parallel to the work spindle, so that the end face of the work set on the work spindle can be machined.

[0011]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A machine tool 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 has a base 2, a tool setting section 10, a work setting section 20, an automatic tool changer (ATC) 30, a CNC apparatus (not shown), a cutting waste processing apparatus 50, and the like. It has.

A column 3 is formed on the base 2, and a tool setting section 10 is provided on the column 3. The tool setting unit 10 includes first and second spindles 15 and 16, which will be described later, and horizontal and vertical slides 5 and 7 for moving them, an X and Z direction moving mechanism, and a spindle head 1.
1, a turning mechanism 12 and the like.

At the upper part of the column 3, a rail 4 is set along the X direction. A horizontal slide 5 is provided on the rail 4 so as to be movable in the X direction. A moving mechanism (not shown) for moving the horizontal slide 5 in the X direction is arranged between the column 3 and the horizontal slide 5. The X-direction moving mechanism is commonly used, and includes a feed screw arranged in the X direction,
It consists of a nut engaged with the feed screw and a servomotor that rotates the feed screw. Servo motor is column 3
, And a nut is fixed to the horizontal slide 5. On both sides of the horizontal slide 5, covers 9 that are extendable and contractible along the rail 4 are provided.

A rail 6 is fixed to the horizontal slide 5 in the vertical direction, that is, the Z direction. A vertical slide 7 is engaged with the rail 6. The vertical slide is moved up and down along the rail 6 by the Z-direction moving mechanism. The Z direction moving mechanism has the same configuration as the X direction moving mechanism.

The vertical slide 7 has a spindle head 11
And a turning mechanism 12 for turning the spindle head 11 around a turning axis. The turning mechanism 12 includes a gear train 13 and a thin servomotor 14. The internal gear 13a is fixed to the spindle head 11, and the thin servomotor 14 is provided on the vertical slide 7 in a fixed relationship. By driving the thin servomotor 14, the spindle head 11 can turn 90 degrees in the clockwise direction and the counterclockwise direction from the state of FIGS. The turning axis coincides with the central axis of the internal gear 13a.

A first tool spindle 15 for a rotary tool and a second tool spindle 16 for a turning tool are installed adjacent to the spindle head 11.

Referring to FIG. 4, the spindle head 11
To the first tool spindle 15 via a bearing 79
Is provided rotatably. A tool holder 70 is detachably attached to the lower end of the first tool spindle 15.
This tool holder 70 has a drilling tool 71. The tapered portion 72 of the tool holder 70 has the pull stud 7
Three. This pull stud 73 is a drawbar 17
To be pulled upward. The tapered portion 72 is in close contact with the tapered surface 18 of the main shaft 15. Tool holder 70
And the main shaft 15 are fixed by a stopper member 19.
The first tool spindle 15 is rotated by the main motor 8 arranged above the spindle head 11. 1st tool spindle by main motor 60-6000RPM
Can be rotated.

Next to the first tool spindle 15, a second tool spindle 16 for a turning tool is provided. Second
The tool spindle 16 is provided in a fixed relationship with the spindle head 11 without a bearing. Other configurations are similar to the configuration of the tool spindle 15. In FIG. 4, the second
A tool holder 80 is also attached to the tool spindle 16, but during processing, the first or second tool spindle 1
A tool is provided on only one of the five and the sixteen.

Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3 again, a work setting section 20 is set on the base 2. Work setting unit 20
Denotes a head 21, a Y-direction moving mechanism (not shown), a cover 2
2 is provided. The head 21 is movable in the Y direction by a Y direction moving mechanism. The head 21 is provided with a work spindle 23 in a horizontal direction.

A normal chuck (not shown) is attached to one end of the work spindle 23. As this chuck, for example, a hydraulic chuck is used. The work W can be detachably attached using the chuck. The work W is cylindrical in the illustrated embodiment. The casing 21 is provided with a drive motor and an index motor (not shown). Further, switching means for switching the connection between the index motor and the drive motor is provided. The rotation of the drive motor causes the work spindle 23 to rotate.
Can be continuously operated at low speed to high speed, for example, at 60 to 6000 RPM. By stopping the drive motor and rotating the index motor, the work spindle 2
3 can be indexed at a predetermined angle around the central axis.

The automatic tool changer 30 shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 is a commonly used automatic tool changer, and includes a tool magazine 31 and an arm 32 for tool change. For example, the arm 32 is moved downward to pull out the new tool holder accommodated in the tool magazine 31 and the old tool holder attached to the tool spindle 15 downward. Then, move the arm 32 around the axis by 1
After rotating by 80 °, it moves upward, the new tool holder 4 is attached to the tool spindle 15, and the old tool holder can be returned to the predetermined position of the tool magazine 31.
The arm 32 is movable in the Y direction, and retreats to the rear withdrawal position when not in use so as not to hinder the tool unit 30.

The base 22 is provided with a CNC device.
Servo motors and drive motors can be controlled.

The chip processing device 50 includes a tray 51 for receiving chips, and a chip conveyor 5 for transporting chips.
2. A bucket 53 for receiving cutting waste from the chip conveyor 52 is provided. The bucket 53 has a roller and can run.

Next, peripheral cutting, various drilling, and grooving by the machine tool 1 will be described in order. All of these processes are performed based on a command signal from a CNC device.

First, with reference to FIG. 5, the outer peripheral cutting of W will be described. A tool holder 80 is attached to the tool fixing spindle 16. The work W is mounted on the chuck of the work spindle 23. Work spindle 2
3 is continuously rotated at a high speed by a drive motor. And Z
By operating the servo motor of the direction moving mechanism, the spindle head 11 at the predetermined position P in FIG. 5 is lowered in the Z direction to move the turning tool to the predetermined position. Next, the servo motor of the X-direction moving mechanism is operated to move the spindle head 11 to the right in the X-direction. By this operation, the outer periphery of the work W is
It is cut by a predetermined depth. When the machining is completed, the spindle head 11 is raised in the Z direction, moved to the left in the X direction, and the spindle head 11 is returned to the predetermined position P.
Is separated from the work W, and the rotation of the work spindle 23 is stopped.

Next, drilling on the peripheral surface of the work W will be described. The tool holder 80 of FIG. 5 is returned to a predetermined position of the tool magazine 31 by operating the arm 32, the tool holder 71 is taken out of the tool magazine, and inserted into the tool spindle 15. At this time, the spindle head 11 is
Move to the left and right in the direction
The position of the tool spindle 15 is made to correspond to the tip position of the arm 32 as appropriate. The tool holder 70 has a drill 71. The spindle head 11 is moved rightward in the X direction from the predetermined position P, and the drill 70 is rotated by the main motor. Then, the spindle head 11 is moved downward in the Z direction to
A hole H1 having a predetermined depth is formed in the work W as shown in FIG.

Next, the spindle head 11 is moved upward in the Z direction, and the drill 71 is separated from the work W. Then, the work motor W is indexed by rotating the work spindle 23 by 90 ° by rotating the index motor. Then, the spindle head 11 is lowered again in the Z direction, and a second hole H2 is formed in the work W as shown in FIG.

Next, a groove is formed in the work W. Arm 3
2 is operated to insert a tool holder having an end mill into the tool spindle 15. The end mill is rotated by the main motor. First, the spindle head 11 is moved in the X direction to dispose the end mill on the end face of the work W, and is further lowered slightly in the Z direction. At this point, the end mill starts cutting the workpiece W. Further, the spindle head 11 is moved rightward in the X direction, and the work W is rotated at a low speed. A spiral groove is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the work W by the end mill.

Next, a drilling process for forming an inclined hole on the outer periphery of the work W will be described with reference to FIG. A tool holder 70 with a drill 71 is inserted into the tool spindle 15. Activating the thin motor 14 to operate the spindle head 1
1 is turned by a predetermined angle to make the direction of the drill 71 coincide with the axial direction of the inclined hole H3. Then, the main motor is operated to rotate the drill 71. Next, the spindle head 11 is moved to X by operating the servo motors of the X and Z direction feed mechanisms.
It moves at a predetermined speed in each of the one direction and the Z1 direction. Each servomotor is operated such that the sum of the speed vector X1 and the speed vector Z1 coincides with the axial direction of the inclined hole H3.

Next, with reference to FIG. 8, a description will be given of a drilling process on a work end face. The spindle head 11 is further turned from the state shown in FIG. 7 so that the tool spindle 15 is oriented rightward horizontally. Then, the drill 71 is rotated by operating the main motor to move the spindle head 11 downward in the Z direction and then to the right in the X direction to make a hole H4 in the end face of the work W.

[0031]

According to the present invention, there is provided a work spindle 23 capable of holding a work detachably and selectively performing a continuous rotation operation and an index operation, and a spindle head 11 movable relative to the work spindle 23. A machine tool characterized in that the spindle head 11 is provided with a first tool spindle 15 capable of setting a tool rotatably and a second tool spindle 16 capable of setting a tool rotatable, so that a workpiece can be rotated at a high speed. The turning operation to be performed and the milling operation to rotate the tool at a high speed can be performed by one machine tool. Moreover, since the turning tool is set on the second tool spindle provided separately from the first tool spindle, the life of both spindles is long, and precise machining can be performed.

When the tool spindle is configured to be able to turn as in the second aspect, it is possible to perform a tilting process on the side surface of the work and a processing on the end surface of the work.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, it is preferable that the work is automatically set on the work spindle by an autoloader.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view schematically showing a machine tool according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view schematically showing the machine tool shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a top view schematically showing the machine tool shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a first tool spindle, a second tool spindle, and a tool in the machine tool of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a front view showing a spindle head and a workpiece on which a turning tool is set in the machine tool of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a front view showing a spindle head and a workpiece on which a drill is set in the machine tool of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a front view showing a spindle head and a workpiece that are inclined for inclined processing in the machine tool of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is a front view showing a spindle head and a workpiece which are horizontally oriented for end face processing in the machine tool of FIG. 1;

[Explanation of symbols]

 23 Work spindle 11 Spindle head 15 First tool spindle 16 Second tool spindle ◆

Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-62-236602 (JP, A) JP-A-51-150793 (JP, A) JP-A-52-145891 (JP, A) JP-A-1-178220 (JP) , U) Hikaru 1-156343 (JP, U) JP-B 60-3936 (JP, B2) JP-B 56-8721 (JP, B2) JP-B 61-7896 (JP, B2) (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) B23B 3 / 00,11 / 00 B23B 29/24 B23P 23/02

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A work spindle (23) capable of holding a work detachably and selectively performing a continuous rotation operation and an index operation is provided, and one spindle head (11) is provided for the work spindle (23). A turning mechanism (12) for turning the spindle head (11) around a turning axis is provided, and the turning mechanism (12) is constituted by a gear train (13) and a servomotor (14). ) Has an internal gear (13a) fixed to a spindle head (11), the pivot axis is arranged horizontally and coincides with the central axis of the internal gear (13a), and the spindle head (11) Is capable of turning around the horizontal turning axis in the clockwise direction and the counterclockwise direction by driving the servomotor (14), and is capable of rotating one tool. A first tool spindle (15) that can be set to be detachable and a second tool spindle (16) that can set and fix one tool to be detachable are provided on the common one spindle head (11);
Set parallel to each other the axes of the tool axis and the second tool spindle of a spindle (15) (16), the first-to-
The axis of the spindle (15) is inside the internal gear (13a)
Passing through the center axis, the second tool spindle (1
6) the axis passes outside the internal teeth of the internal gear (13a),
The rotary tool (71) is the first tool spindle (15)
And the turning tool (81) is the second tool spindle
(16), and the one spindle head (11) is turned around the horizontal turning axis, so that the axis of the first tool spindle (15) and the second
The axis of the tool spindle (16) is stopped not only at a position parallel to the axis of the work spindle (23) but also at a position having a desired angle with respect to that position. 1 tool spindle (1
5) A machine tool characterized in that it is selectively set to only one of the second tool spindle (16) and the second tool spindle (16). 2. Inserting a tool holder (70) with a drill (71) into the first tool spindle (15), turning the one spindle head (11) by a predetermined angle, and The direction is matched with the axial direction of the inclined hole (H3) of the work, the drill (71) is rotated, and the X and Z direction feed mechanisms are operated to move the one spindle head (11) in the X1 direction and the Z1 direction. At a predetermined speed, and the velocity vector in one direction (X1)
And the sum of the velocity vector (Z1) in the other direction is equal to the inclination hole (H).
2. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the operation is performed so as to coincide with the axial direction of (3).