JP3187301U - Bearing wall and wooden building - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a load-bearing wall that is recognized as a load-bearing wall with a narrower wall length than before and a wooden building having a high degree of design freedom using the load-bearing wall.
A load bearing wall is fitted into an inner opening so as to cover a frame-shaped shaft set, a frame-shaped frame set fixed to an inner peripheral surface of the shaft set, and an inner opening of the shaft set. And a structural plywood 81 fixed to the frame 71. Further, a step is formed between the outer surface of the frame assembly 71 and the outer surface of the shaft assembly 11, and the structural plywood 81 is fitted into the step from the outer surface side of the shaft assembly 11.
[Selection] Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to a load-bearing wall and a wooden building.

  Conventionally, as a construction method of a wooden building, a shaft construction method (conventional construction method) and a frame construction method (2 × 4 construction method) are known. In any construction method, it is necessary to provide a “bearing wall (wall capable of resisting horizontal load)” in a well-balanced manner in a balanced manner in order to satisfy the earthquake resistance standard.

  In the conventional construction method, as shown in FIG. 1A, a bearing wall is formed by connecting the columns 5 (561, 562) arranged side by side with the brace Y, but the wall length ( The distance between the centers of the columns 561 and 562) W must be 900 mm or more.

  On the other hand, in the frame construction method, as shown in FIG. 1B, the structural plywood 9 is struck to the columns 561 and 562 with a predetermined nail, and the columns 561 and 562 are connected by the structural plywood 9 to form a bearing wall. However, in order to be recognized as a bearing wall, the wall length W must be 600 mm or more.

  As described above, in any construction method, a wall having a wide wall length is required to be recognized as a bearing wall, and this reduces the degree of freedom in design. In particular, the problem occurs more conspicuously in narrow houses.

  Also, in the framework construction method, most of the wood used is foreign material, so there is also a problem that the Forestry Agency cannot receive the “Timber Usage Points” that will be implemented from April 1, 2013. is there. In addition, simply speaking, “wood use points” is a system that gives a maximum of 300,000 yen to a person who has built a house using a certain amount of domestic timber (regional material).

  An object of the present invention is to provide a load-bearing wall that is recognized as a load-bearing wall with a narrower wall length than before and a wooden building having a high degree of design freedom using the load-bearing wall.

Such an object is achieved by the present invention described below.
(1) A frame-shaped shaft assembly;
A frame-shaped frame fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the shaft; and
A load bearing wall comprising: a first face member fitted into the shaft assembly and nailed or screwed to the frame assembly.

(2) A step is formed between one surface of the frame assembly and one surface of the shaft assembly,
The load bearing wall according to (1), wherein the first face member is fitted into the step from the one surface side of the shaft set.

  (3) The above (1) or (2) further comprising a second face material that is nailed or screwed to a surface opposite to the side on which the first face material of the shaft assembly is fitted. ) Bearing walls described in.

  (4) Any of the above (1) to (3), wherein the shaft group is formed by a base, a beam disposed above the base, and a pair of columns connecting the base and the beam. The bearing wall according to item 1.

  (5) Any one of the above (1) to (3), wherein the shaft set is formed by a pair of beams that are spaced apart from each other in the vertical direction and a pair of columns that connect the pair of beams. Bearing wall as described in.

  (6) The load bearing wall according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the wall length is 450 mm to 1000 mm.

(7) a first wall having an opening;
A load bearing wall comprising: a second wall portion provided adjacent to the first wall portion and having a wall length of 900 mm or more.

(8) A frame-shaped shaft formed by a base, a beam disposed above the base, and a first pillar, a second pillar, and a third pillar arranged in parallel to connect the foundation and the beam Have a pair,
The first wall has a first face member having an opening or divided vertically, and is nailed or screwed on one surface of the shaft set so as to connect the first pillar and the second pillar. Formed by stopping,
The second wall portion is formed by nailing or screwing the second face material to one surface of the shaft set so as to connect the second pillar and the third pillar. The bearing wall according to (7).

(9) A frame-shaped shaft assembly formed by a pair of beams arranged apart from each other in the vertical direction, and a first pillar, a second pillar, and a third pillar arranged in parallel to connect the pair of beams. Have
The first wall has a first face member having an opening or divided vertically, and is nailed or screwed on one surface of the shaft set so as to connect the first pillar and the second pillar. Formed by stopping,
The second wall portion is formed by nailing or screwing the second face material to one surface of the shaft set so as to connect the second pillar and the third pillar. The bearing wall according to (7).

(10) a frame-shaped first shaft group and a second shaft group that are arranged apart from each other;
A frame-shaped first frame fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the first shaft group;
A frame-shaped second frame fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the second shaft group;
A first face member fitted into the first shaft assembly and nailed or screwed to the first frame assembly;
A second face member fitted into the second shaft group and nailed or screwed to the second frame;
The first shaft assembly and the second shaft assembly are straddled over the first face material and the second face material while leaving an opening between the first shaft set and the second shaft set. And a third face member that is nailed or screwed to the first shaft group and the second shaft group,
A fourth surface material disposed opposite to the third surface material via the first shaft group and the second shaft group, and nailed or screwed to the first shaft group and the second shaft group; A bearing wall characterized by comprising:

(11) having a base, a beam disposed above the base, and a first pillar, a second pillar, a third pillar, and a fourth pillar arranged in parallel to connect the foundation and the beam;
The first axis is formed by the base, the beam, the first pillar, and the second pillar,
The second shaft set is formed by the base, the beam, the third pillar, and the fourth pillar,
The load-bearing wall according to (10), wherein the opening is formed between the second pillar and the third pillar.

(12) having a pair of beams spaced apart in the vertical direction, and a first pillar, a second pillar, a third pillar, and a fourth pillar arranged in parallel to connect the pair of beams;
The pair of beams, the first pillar, and the second pillar form the first shaft set;
The pair of beams, the third pillar, and the fourth pillar form the second shaft set,
The load-bearing wall according to (10), wherein the opening is formed between the second pillar and the third pillar.

  (13) The load-bearing wall according to any one of (10) to (12), wherein a wall length of the opening is 900 mm to 1800 mm.

(14) a frame-shaped shaft assembly;
A face material that is nailed or screwed to a central portion excluding the upper end portion and the lower end portion of the shaft set so that openings are formed at the upper end portion and the lower end portion of the shaft set. Bearing wall.

  (15) A wooden building comprising the bearing wall according to any one of (1) to (14) above.

  According to the present invention, the wall length of the load-bearing wall can be narrowed (specifically, it can be less than 600 mm) as compared with the shaft method and the frame method. In addition, if the dimensions are the same, it is possible to obtain a bearing wall having a higher strength (wall magnification) than the shaft assembly method or the frame assembly method, and thus the amount of the bearing wall can be reduced. Thus, according to the present invention, the wall length of the load bearing wall can be reduced and the amount of the load bearing wall can be reduced, so that the degree of freedom in design is increased. Furthermore, according to the present invention, since a building can be constructed at a cost equivalent to that of the frame construction method and the frame construction method, there is no excessive burden on the consumer. In addition, according to the present invention, a large amount of domestic timber (regional timber) can be used, making it easier to receive “wood utilization points” implemented by the Forestry Agency.

It is an elevation view which shows the structure of the conventional bearing wall. It is an elevational view showing a part of the framework of a wooden house. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure which shows suitable embodiment of the bearing wall of this invention, (a) is the elevation seen from the outer surface side, (b) is the elevation seen from the inner surface side, (c) is sectional drawing. . It is a top view which shows an example of how to nail the nail. It is a figure which shows suitable embodiment of the bearing wall of this invention, (a) is the elevation seen from the outer surface side, (b) is the elevation seen from the inner surface side. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a figure which shows suitable embodiment of the bearing wall of this invention, (a) is the elevation seen from the inner surface side, (b) is the elevation seen from the outer surface side, (c) is sectional drawing. . It is a figure which shows suitable embodiment of the bearing wall of this invention, and is an axial view which abbreviate | omitted illustration of the structural plywood. It is the elevation which looked at the bearing wall shown in FIG. 7 from the outer surface side. It is the elevation which looked at the bearing wall shown in FIG. 7 from the inner surface side. (A) is the sectional view on the AA line in FIG. 8, (b) is the sectional view on the BB line in FIG. It is a figure which shows suitable embodiment of the load-bearing wall of this invention, and is the elevation view seen from the outer surface side. It is a figure which shows the bearing wall used for the experiment of in-plane shear strength. It is a figure which shows the bearing wall used for the experiment of in-plane shear strength. It is a figure which shows the bearing wall used for the experiment of in-plane shear strength. It is a graph which shows the method of applying in-plane shear strength. It is a graph which shows the experimental result of a bearing wall shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the experimental result of a bearing wall shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the experimental result of a bearing wall shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the experimental result of a bearing wall shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the experimental result of a bearing wall shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the experimental result of a bearing wall shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the experimental result of a bearing wall shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the experimental result of a bearing wall shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the experimental result of a bearing wall shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the experimental result of a bearing wall shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the bearing wall used for the experiment of in-plane shear strength. It is a graph which shows the experimental result of a bearing wall shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the experimental result of a bearing wall shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the experimental result of a bearing wall shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the bearing wall used for the experiment of in-plane shear strength. It is a figure which shows the bearing wall used for the experiment of in-plane shear strength. It is a graph which shows the experimental result of a bearing wall shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the experimental result of a bearing wall shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the experimental result of a bearing wall shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the experimental result of a bearing wall shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the experimental result of a bearing wall shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the experimental result of a bearing wall shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the bearing wall used for the experiment of in-plane shear strength. It is a graph which shows the experimental result of a bearing wall shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the experimental result of a bearing wall shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the experimental result of a bearing wall shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the bearing wall used for the experiment of in-plane shear strength. It is a graph which shows the experimental result of the bearing wall shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the experimental result of the bearing wall shown in FIG. It is a graph which shows the experimental result of the bearing wall shown in FIG.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of a load-bearing wall and a wooden building according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 2 is an elevation view showing a part of a framework of a wooden house. FIG. 3 is a view showing a preferred embodiment of the bearing wall of the present invention, in which (a) is an elevation view seen from the outer surface side, (b) is an elevation view seen from the inner surface side, and (c) is a perspective view. It is sectional drawing. FIG. 4 is a plan view showing an example of a method of driving a nail. FIG. 5 is a view showing a preferred embodiment of the bearing wall of the present invention, in which (a) is an elevation view seen from the outer surface side, and (b) is an elevation view seen from the inner surface side. 6A and 6B are views showing a preferred embodiment of the bearing wall of the present invention, in which FIG. 6A is an elevation view seen from the inner surface side, FIG. 6B is an elevation view seen from the outer surface side, and FIG. It is sectional drawing. FIG. 7 is a view showing a preferred embodiment of the load-bearing wall of the present invention, and is an axial view in which the illustration of the structural plywood is omitted. FIG. 8 is an elevational view of the load bearing wall shown in FIG. 7 viewed from the outer surface side. FIG. 9 is an elevation view of the bearing wall shown in FIG. 7 viewed from the striking surface side. 10A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 8, and FIG. 10B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. FIG. 11 is a view showing a preferred embodiment of the load-bearing wall of the present invention, and is an elevation view seen from the outer surface side.

  A wooden house 1 shown in FIG. 2 is built in the same manner as the frame construction method, and includes a concrete foundation 2, a base 3, a beam 4, and a pillar 5.

  Here, the material of the base 3, the beam 4, and the column 5 is not particularly limited, and for example, cypress can be used for the base 3, rice pine can be used for the beam 4, and cedar can be used for the column 5. The dimensions of the base 3, the beam 4 and the column 5 are not particularly limited. For example, the base 3 can be 105 mm × 105 mm, the beam 4 can be 105 mm × 210 mm, and the column 5 can be 105 mm × 105 mm.

  The base 3 is fixed to the foundation 2 via anchor bolts 21. Moreover, the pillar 5 is connected to the base 3 and the beam 4 by zoning. Furthermore, if necessary, hole down hardware 6 is attached to the upper end and lower end of the pillar 5, and the hole down hardware 6 is fixed to the foundation 2 and the beam 4 via anchor bolts 22 and 41 for hole down hardware. Has been. Thereby, the foundation 2, the base 3, the beam 4, and the column 5 are in a state of being firmly connected to each other. The base 3 and the pillar 5, and the beam 4 and the pillar 5 may be further fastened with hardware such as a chevron plate, thereby further improving the earthquake resistance.

  Such a wooden house 1 has any one of the characteristic load bearing walls (bearing walls of the present invention) 10, 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D described in detail below. Hereinafter, these five bearing walls 10, 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D will be described in order. Note that the load bearing walls 10, 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D may be applied to the first floor or two or more floors, respectively. In the case where the present invention is applied to two or more floors, the description thereof is omitted. When applied to two or more floors, it can be explained by replacing “base 3” with “beam”.

≪Load bearing wall 10≫
As shown in FIG. 3, the load-bearing wall 10 is a load-bearing wall with a receiving wall true wall specification, and has a configuration in which two adjacent pillars 5 (511, 512) are connected by a structural plywood (face material) 81. Yes. The wall length W of the load bearing wall 10 (distance L1 between the centers of the columns 511 and 512) is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, about 450 mm to 1000 mm, such as 450 mm, 600 mm, and 900 mm. The wall length W is particularly preferably less than 600 mm within this range. As a result, as will be described later, it becomes a load-bearing wall with a thin wall length that cannot be realized by the shaft construction method or the frame construction method.

  More specifically, in the load bearing wall 10, a plywood receiving material 711 is struck by a nail 92 on the lower surface of the beam 4, and a plywood receiving material 712 is struck by a nail 92 on the upper surface of the base 3. Further, a plywood receiving material 713 is nailed to the inner side surface of the column 511 with a nail 92, and a plywood receiving material 714 is nailed to the inner side surface of the column 512 with a nail 92. These four plywood receiving materials 711 to 714 are arranged in a frame shape and constitute a frame 71 for receiving the structural plywood 81. That is, in the bearing wall 10, a frame 71 composed of plywood receiving materials 711, 712, 713, and 714 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the frame-shaped shaft assembly 11 composed of the base 3, the beam 4, and the columns 511 and 512. It is fixed.

  As long as the frame 71 does not hinder the connection of the structural plywood 81, a part of the frame 71 may be missing. That is, for example, a gap may be formed between the plywood receiving materials 712 and 713 and the plywood receiving materials 711 and 712, or at least one of the plywood receiving materials 711 to 714 is divided and separated by two members. It may be configured. In the present application, even if a part of the frame is missing as described above, it is included in a “frame shape”.

  Moreover, it does not specifically limit as a dimension (cross-sectional dimension) of the plywood receiving materials 711 and 712, respectively, For example, it can be set to 45 mm x 96 mm, and as a dimension (cross-sectional dimension) of the plywood receiving materials 713 and 714 Are not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 40 mm × 45 mm.

  The nail 92 is not particularly limited, and for example, a JIS standard N90 nail can be used. In the plywood receiving materials 711 and 712, as shown in FIG. 4A, it is preferable that the nails 92 are driven in a staggered manner at intervals of about 50 mm or less. In the plywood receiving materials 713 and 714, as shown in FIG. As shown, the nails 92 are preferably driven linearly at intervals of about 100 mm or less.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3C, the depth of the frame 71 is smaller than the depth of the shaft 11, and the outer surface (one surface) 71 a of the frame 71 is inward from the outer surface (one surface) 11 a of the shaft 11. Is in a state of being evacuated. Then, the structural plywood 81 is fitted into the shaft assembly 11 so as to fit into a step formed between the outer surface 71 a of the frame assembly 71 and the outer surface 11 a of the shaft assembly 11, and this structural plywood 81 is framed by the nail 91. 71 is applied to the outer surface 71a of 71.

  The outline of the structural plywood 81 substantially coincides with the inner peripheral outline of the shaft set 11, and the structural plywood 81 is substantially fitted into the shaft set 11 without a gap. The gap G between the outer surface 71a of the frame 71 and the outer surface 11a of the shaft assembly 11 is set to be substantially equal to the thickness of the structural plywood 81, and the outer surface 81a of the structural plywood 81 and the outer surface 11a of the shaft assembly 11 are It is the same. However, the outer surface 81a of the structural plywood 81 may not be flush with the outer surface 11a of the shaft set 11, and the outer surface 81a of the structural plywood 81 may protrude from the outer surface 11a of the shaft set 11. , May be evacuated.

  The structural plywood 81 is not particularly limited. For example, a cedar plywood having a thickness of about 9 mm to 12 mm can be used. Further, the nail 91 is not particularly limited, and for example, a JIS standard N50 nail can be used. The nails 91 are preferably struck along the outer edge of the structural plywood 81 at intervals of 100 mm or less. Thereby, the structural plywood 81 can be fixed sufficiently firmly to the frame assembly 71 (shaft assembly 11), and the wall magnification of the bearing wall 10 can be increased.

  A screw (screw) may be used instead of the nail 91. Since the screw can fix the structural plywood 81 to the frame 71 with a stronger force than the nail, the strength of the load bearing wall 10 is improved accordingly. In addition, since sound generated during construction (mechanical sound such as impact) is smaller with screws than nails, it is possible to construct a house in consideration of the surrounding environment.

  Further, it is difficult to manage the driving depth of the nail 91, and if the driving depth of the nail 91 is too deep or too shallow, the wall strength may be lowered. On the other hand, since it is easy to manage the tightening torque, the screw can suppress a decrease in wall strength. In particular, when the distance between the centers of the pillars 511 and 512 is 900 mm or more, in addition to the above effects, nine performance items of long-term excellent houses (that is, deterioration countermeasures, earthquake resistance, ease of maintenance / updating, variability) , Barrier-free property, energy saving property, living environment, dwelling unit area, maintenance plan) can be obtained.

  According to the load bearing wall 10 having the shaft assembly 11, the frame assembly 71, and the structural plywood 81 as described above, the wall length W is set to the lower limit value of the wall length of the load bearing wall in the shaft assembly method or the frame construction method. Can be less. In other words, according to the load-bearing wall 10, a wall that could not be a load-bearing wall by the conventional method or the frame construction method can be made into a load-bearing wall.

  Specifically, in the bracing method used in the shaft construction method (see FIG. 1A), if the wall length W is not more than 900 mm, it is not recognized as a bearing wall, and the plywood method used in the frame construction method (FIG. 1B). ))), The wall length W is not recognized as a bearing wall unless the wall length W is 600 mm or more, but the bearing wall 10 is recognized as a bearing wall even if the wall length W is less than 600 mm (specifically about 450 mm). A wall which the wooden house 1 has and which has conventionally been a non-bearing wall can be effectively used as a bearing wall, and the amount of the wall can be reduced accordingly.

  From the effects as described above, according to the bearing wall 10, the degree of freedom in designing the wooden house 1 can be increased as compared with the frame construction method and the frame construction method. This effect is particularly advantageous in the design of small houses. Moreover, the amount of walls of the wooden house 1 can be reduced, and for example, it becomes easy to install a large opening window.

  For example, in the case of a house in which a parking lot is installed beside the entrance, it may be necessary to place a bearing wall beside the entrance in order to increase the seismic strength. In this case, as described above, a wall length of 900 mm or more is necessary for the shaft construction method, and a wall length of 600 mm or more is necessary for the frame construction method. Therefore, for example, in the case of a small house whose frontage (front width) is built in an area of about 4550 mm, there is a case where a sufficient space (width) of a parking lot cannot be secured. On the other hand, according to the present invention, if a wall length of 450 mm is secured, the wall can be used as a load bearing wall. Therefore, the wall length beside the entrance can be narrowed, and the parking space can be secured accordingly.

  Furthermore, since the load-bearing wall 10 can be provided at the same cost as the shaft construction method and the frame construction method, it does not increase the burden on the consumer. In particular, as compared with the seismic wall of the bracing method of the conventional construction method, the heat insulating material can be densely arranged inside the wall because there is no bracing. Moreover, according to the bearing wall 10, since domestic timber (regional material) called cedar and cypress can be used (especially domestic cedar plywood can be used suitably as the structural plywood 81), the Forestry Agency 2013 It becomes easy to receive the issuance of “wood use points” to be implemented from April 1st.

≪Load bearing wall 10A≫
As shown in FIG. 5, the load bearing wall 10A is a load bearing wall of a large wall specification, and includes a first wall portion 10A ′ having an opening (space) S2 for installing a window and the like, and a first wall portion 10A ′. And a second wall portion 10A ″ having a wall length W of 900 mm or more.

  In the present embodiment, the wall length W of each of the first wall portion 10A ′ and the second wall portion 10A ″ is 900 mm. However, the wall length W of the first wall portion 10A ′ is not limited to 900 mm, The wall length W of the second wall portion 10A ″ is not particularly limited as long as it is 900 mm or more.

  In a part of the wooden house 1, three pillars 5 (a first pillar 521, a second pillar 522, and a third pillar 523) are juxtaposed at a center distance of 900 mm. Each of the columns 521, 522, and 523 is connected to the base 3 and the beam 4 by sizing, but is further fixed to the base 3 and the beam 4 using a metal such as a mountain plate or a hole-down hardware 6. Also good.

  In addition, a horizontally extending window base 524 and a window frame 525 are arranged vertically apart between the columns 521 and 522, and a space S2 between the window table 524 and the window frame 525 is an opening for installing the window. It has become. The window base 524 and the window frame 525 are coupled to the columns 521 and 522 by, for example, squeezing, and are further fixed to the columns 521 and 522 using hardware (not shown) such as a battledore bolt.

  Further, an inter-column 526 is disposed between the columns 521 and 522, and an inter-column 527 is disposed between the columns 522 and 523. Note that the spacers 526 and 527 may be arranged as necessary and may be omitted.

  The first wall portion 10A ′ is configured by connecting the columns 521 and 522 with a structural plywood (first surface material) 82, and one second wall portion 10A ″ is a structural plywood (second surface material). 83, the pillars 522 and 523 are connected to each other.

  The structural plywood 82 is divided vertically so as to avoid the space S2, and the upper plywood 821 is placed on the columns 521 and 522, the beam 4, the window 525 and the intermediary column 526 from the outer surface side of the shaft assembly 11. It is nailed with a nail 92. On the other hand, the plywood 822 located on the lower side is nailed to the columns 521 and 522, the window base 524, the base 3, and the intermediary column 526 with a nail 92 from the outer surface side of the shaft assembly 11. However, the structural plywood 82 may not be divided into upper and lower parts, and for example, an opening that does not open to the outer periphery of the structural plywood 82 may be formed near the center thereof.

  Further, the structural plywood 83 is struck by the nail 92 from the outer surface side of the shaft assembly 11 to the columns 522 and 523, the beam 4, the base 3, and the inter-column 527.

  Note that the structural plywoods 82 and 83 are preferably spaced apart by about 1 mm as joint joints.

  The nail 92 is not particularly limited, and for example, a JIS standard N50 nail can be used. The nails 92 are preferably struck along the outer edges of the structural plywoods 82 and 83 at intervals of about 150 mm or less. Thereby, the structural plywood 82 and 83 can be fixed to the shaft set 11 sufficiently firmly. A screw may be used instead of the nail 92. As described above, the wall strength (wall magnification) of the bearing wall 10A is improved by screwing. Further, since the wall length W of each of the first wall portion 10A 'and the second wall portion 10A "is 900 mm, variability among the nine performance items of the long-term excellent house can be acquired.

  According to the load bearing wall 10A as described above, the first wall portion 10A 'that cannot be used as the load bearing wall because a bracing cannot be provided conventionally can be used as a part of the load bearing wall. Therefore, the wall of the wooden house 1 (the wall that has conventionally been a non-bearing wall) can be used effectively as the bearing wall, and the amount of the wall can be reduced accordingly. Therefore, the freedom degree of design of the wooden house 1 increases. Moreover, when the amount of walls is equal to the wooden house built by the frame construction method or the frame construction method, the wooden house is more excellent in earthquake resistance.

≪Load bearing wall 10B≫
As shown in FIG. 6, the load bearing wall 10 </ b> B is a load bearing wall having a specification in which the receiving material true wall specification and the large wall specification are combined. It has a configuration. Since the structure of the portion of the load bearing wall 10 is as described above, the structural plywood 84 added to the load bearing wall 10 will be mainly described below. However, in the bearing wall 10B, the side on which the structural plywood 81 is fixed is the inside.

  The structural plywood 84 is provided on the side opposite to the structural plywood 81 (the outer surface 11b side of the shaft assembly 11). The structural plywood 84 is larger than the opening of the shaft assembly 11, and the outer edge portion of the structural plywood 84 is struck by a nail 91 on the inner surface 11 b of the shaft assembly 11.

  Although it does not specifically limit as the structural plywood 84, For example, a cedar plywood with a thickness of 9-12 mm can be used. The nails 91 are preferably struck along the outer edge of the structural plywood 84 at intervals of 100 mm or less. Thereby, the structural plywood 84 can be fixed sufficiently firmly to the shaft set 11, and the wall magnification of the bearing wall 10B can be increased.

  A screw (screw) may be used instead of the nail 91. As described above, the wall strength (wall magnification) of the bearing wall 10B is improved by screwing. In particular, when the distance between the centers of the columns 511 and 512 is 900 mm or more, in addition to the above effects, variability among the nine performance items of the long-term excellent house can be acquired.

  According to the bearing wall 10B as described above, the same effect as that of the bearing wall 10 can be exhibited, and the strength (wall magnification) can be further increased than the bearing wall 10.

≪Load bearing wall 10C≫
As shown in FIGS. 7 to 10, the load bearing wall 10 </ b> C is a load bearing wall having a combination of the receiving material true wall specification and the large wall specification, and includes four columns 5 (first column 541, The second pillar 542, the third pillar 543, and the fourth pillar 544) are connected by four structural plywoods (face materials) 85, 86, 87, and 88. The pillars 541, 542, 543, and 544 are connected to the base 3 and the beam 4 by sizing, and are further fixed to the base 3 and the beam 4 by hole-down hardware 6.

  In the present embodiment, the center distance L2 between the columns 541 and 542 is 450 mm, the center distance L3 between the columns 542 and 543 is 1050 mm, and the center distance L4 between the columns 543 and 544 is 300 mm. However, the center distances L2 and L3 are not limited to this, and may be wider than the above numerical values.

  Further, a lintel 545 extending in the horizontal direction is disposed between the pillars 542 and 543, and a portion below the lintel 545 is, for example, an opening S4 for installing a door (particularly a front door). The lintel 545 is coupled to the pillars 542 and 543 by, for example, squeezing, and is further fixed to the pillars 542 and 543 using hardware (not shown) such as a feather plate bolt.

  An inter-column 546 is disposed between the columns 542 and 543. However, the spacers 546 may be provided as necessary and may be omitted.

  Further, a frame (first frame) 72 is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of a frame-shaped shaft group (first shaft group) 111 composed of the base 3, the beam 4, and the columns 541 and 542, and the base 3, A frame (second frame) 73 is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of a frame-shaped shaft group (second shaft group) 112 composed of the beam 4 and the columns 543 and 544.

  The frame 72 is struck by a nail 92 on a plywood receiving material 721 struck by a nail 92 on the lower surface of the beam 4, a plywood receiving material 722 struck by a nail 92 on the upper surface of the base 3, and an inner surface of a column 541. The plywood receiving material 723 and the plywood receiving material 724 nailed to the inner side surface of the column 542 with a nail 92 are configured. Similarly, the frame 73 includes a plywood receiving material 731 struck by a nail 92 on the lower surface of the beam 4, a plywood receiving material 732 struck by the nail 92 on the upper surface of the base 3, and a nail 92 on the inner side surface of the column 543. The plywood receiving material 733 is struck and a plywood receiving material 734 struck by a nail 92 on the inner surface of the pillar 544. 7 to 10, the illustration of the nail 92 is omitted.

  The dimensions (cross-sectional dimensions) of the plywood receiving materials 721, 722, 731 and 732 are not particularly limited, and can be, for example, 45 mm × 96 mm. The dimensions of the plywood receiving materials 723, 724, 733, and 734 The (cross-sectional dimension) is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, 40 mm × 45 mm.

  Also, as shown in FIG. 10, the depth of the frame 72 is smaller than the depth of the shaft 111, and the outer surface (one surface) 72a of the frame 72 is retracted inward from the outer surface (one surface) 111a of the shaft 111. It is in a state. Thus, a step is formed between the outer surface 72a of the frame assembly 72 and the outer surface 111a of the shaft assembly 111, and the structural plywood (first surface material) 85 is fitted into this step. The structural plywood 85 is struck to the outer surface 72 a of the frame 72 by a nail 91.

  Similarly, the depth of the frame assembly 73 is smaller than the depth of the shaft assembly 112, and the outer surface (one surface) 73a of the frame assembly 73 is retracted inward from the outer surface (one surface) 112a of the shaft assembly 112. Thereby, a step is formed between the outer surface 73a of the frame assembly 73 and the outer surface 112a of the shaft assembly 112, and the structural plywood 86 is fitted into this step. A structural plywood (second surface material) 86 is struck to the outer surface 73 a of the frame 73 by a nail 91.

  The contour of the structural plywood 85 substantially matches the inner peripheral contour of the shaft set 111, and the structural plywood 85 is fitted inside the shaft set 111 substantially without a gap. Further, the gap G between the outer surface 72a of the frame assembly 72 and the outer surface 111a of the shaft assembly 111 is set substantially equal to the thickness of the structural plywood 85, and the outer surface 85a of the structural plywood 85 and the outer surface 111a of the shaft assembly 111 are surfaces. It is one.

  Similarly, the contour of the structural plywood 86 substantially matches the inner peripheral contour of the shaft set 112, and the structural plywood 86 is fitted inside the shaft set 112 substantially without a gap. The gap G between the outer surface 73a of the frame assembly 73 and the outer surface 112a of the shaft assembly 112 is set to be substantially equal to the thickness of the structural plywood 86, and the outer surface 86a of the structural plywood 86 and the outer surface 112a of the shaft assembly 112 are It is the same.

  Although it does not specifically limit as the structural plywood 85 and 86, For example, cedar plywood whose thickness is 9 mm-12 mm can be used. The nails 91 are preferably struck along the outer edges of the structural plywoods 85 and 86 at intervals of 100 mm or less. Thereby, the structural plywoods 85 and 86 can be fixed sufficiently firmly to the frame assemblies 72 and 73 (shaft assemblies 111 and 112), and the wall magnification of the bearing wall 10C can be increased. A screw may be used instead of the nail 91. As described above, by screwing, the wall strength (wall magnification) of the load bearing wall 10C is improved as compared with the case where nailing is performed.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the structural plywood 87 is nailed to the outer surface of the shaft assembly 11 by a nail 91 from above the structural plywoods 85 and 86. Specifically, the structural plywood 87 is located between the beam 4 and the lintel 545 in the height direction, and is arranged so as to connect them. In the width direction, the structural plywood 87 is formed between the columns 541 and 544. The pillars 541, 542, 543, and 544 are arranged so as to be connected to each other. The structural plywood 87 is nailed to the pillars 541, 542, 543, 544, the beam 4, the lintel 545, the intermediate pillar 546 and the structural plywood 84, 85 by the nail 91.

  The structural plywood 88 has the same shape as the structural plywood 87, is disposed to face the structural plywood 87 via the shaft assembly 11, and is struck by the nail 91 on the inner surface of the shaft assembly 11. . That is, like the structural plywood 87, the structural plywood 88 is located between the beam 4 and the lintel 545 in the height direction, and is arranged so as to connect them. In the width direction, the column 541 is disposed. And the columns 544 are arranged so as to connect the columns 541, 542, 543, and 544 to each other. The structural plywood 88 is nailed to the columns 541, 542, 543, 544, the beam 4, the lintel 545, and the intermediate column 546 by the nail 91.

  Although it does not specifically limit as the structural plywoods 87 and 88, For example, a cedar plywood whose thickness is 9 mm-12 mm can be used. The nails 91 are preferably struck along the outer edges of the structural plywoods 87 and 88 at intervals of 100 mm or less. Thereby, the structural plywoods 87 and 88 can be fixed sufficiently firmly to the shaft set 11, and the wall magnification of the bearing wall 10C can be increased. A screw may be used instead of the nail 91. As described above, by screwing, the wall strength (wall magnification) of the load bearing wall 10C is improved as compared with the case where nailing is performed.

≪Load bearing wall 10D≫
As shown in FIG. 11, the load-bearing wall 10 </ b> D is a load-bearing wall with a large wall specification, and has a configuration in which two columns 5 (551, 552) arranged side by side are connected by a structural plywood (face material) 89. It has become. The center distance L4 between the columns 551 and 552 is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 900 mm to 1800 mm, for example.

  In addition, horizontally extending window bases 553 and 554 are disposed between the columns 551 and 552 so as to be spaced apart from each other in the vertical direction, and the space S6 between the beam 4 and the window base 553 and between the window base 554 and the base 3 are arranged. The spaces S7 are openings for installing windows and the like. The window bases 553 and 554 are coupled to the columns 551 and 552 by, for example, squeezing, and are further fixed to the columns 551 and 552 using hardware (not shown) such as a battledore bolt.

  In addition, although it does not specifically limit as height of space S6, S7, Each can be about 600 mm-1200 mm.

  An inter-column 555 is disposed between the columns 551 and 552. However, the spacer 555 may be disposed as necessary and may be omitted.

  The structural plywood 89 is disposed between the window bases 553 and 554 so as to connect the columns 551 and 552, and is struck by a nail 91 to the outer surface of the shaft set 11. Specifically, the structural plywood 89 is located between the window bases 553 and 554 in the height direction and is arranged so as to connect them, and is located between the columns 551 and 552 in the width direction. These are arranged so as to connect them. The structural plywood 89 is driven by the nails 91 to the columns 551 and 552, the window bases 553 and 554, and the inter-column 555.

  The structural plywood 89 is not particularly limited. For example, a cedar plywood having a thickness of 9 mm to 12 mm can be used. Further, the height of the structural plywood 89 is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, about 900 mm to 1800 mm. The nails 91 are preferably struck along the outer edge of the structural plywood 89 at intervals of 100 mm or less. Thereby, the structural plywood 89 can be fixed sufficiently firmly to the shaft assembly 11, and the wall strength of the bearing wall 10D can be increased. A screw may be used instead of the nail 91. As described above, by screwing, the wall strength (wall magnification) of the load bearing wall 10D is improved as compared with the case where the nailing is performed.

  Heretofore, the configurations of the bearing walls 10, 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D have been described in detail.

  Next, the experimental result about the in-plane shear strength of the load bearing walls 10 to 10D will be briefly described.

≪Load bearing wall 10≫
As the load-bearing wall 10, samples 1 to 4 that are load-bearing walls having the dimensions shown in FIG. 12, samples 5 to 7 that are load-bearing walls having the dimensions shown in FIG. 13, and samples 8 to 8 that are load-bearing walls having the dimensions shown in FIG. 10 were prepared. The units of the numbers in FIGS. 12 to 14 are “mm”. In addition, “@” in FIGS. 12 to 14 represents a nail driving interval. That is, “@ 10” means that nails are driven at intervals of 10 mm. The same applies to the drawings described later. Here, the bearing walls 10 shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 are bearing walls corresponding to the rating number “BCJ rating-LW0040-01” of the wooden shaft construction method, respectively.

And about these load bearing walls, the in-plane shear strength was measured, respectively. As shown in FIG. 15, the force application method is alternating positive and negative alternating force, and the repetition is that the apparent top displacement (shear displacement angle) is 1/450, 1/300, 1/200, 1/150, 1 / 100, 1/75, 1/50 rad. This was performed during the positive and negative deformations, and was repeatedly applied three times at the same deformation stage. The results are shown in FIGS. As shown in FIGS. 16 to 25, all of samples 1 to 10 have high in-plane shear strength, and samples 1 to 7 have a wall magnification equivalent to about 2.5 times, and samples 8 to 10 The wall magnification was equivalent to about 2.9 times.
The method of applying force is the same in the case of the load bearing walls 10A to 10D shown below.

≪Load bearing wall 10A≫
As the bearing wall 10A, samples 11 to 13 which are bearing walls having dimensions shown in FIG. 26 were prepared. And about these load bearing walls, the in-plane shear strength was measured, respectively. The results are shown in FIGS. As shown in FIGS. 27 to 29, all of the samples 11 to 13 had high in-plane shear strength and wall magnification equivalent to about 2.0 times. Here, the bearing wall 10A shown in FIG. 26 is a bearing wall corresponding to the rating number “BCJ rating-LW0040-01” of the wooden shaft construction method.

≪Load bearing wall 10B≫
As the load bearing wall 10B, samples 14 to 16 which are load bearing walls having the dimensions shown in FIG. 30 and samples 17 to 19 which are load bearing walls having the dimensions shown in FIG. 31 were prepared. And about these load bearing walls, the in-plane shear strength was measured, respectively. The results are shown in FIGS. As shown in FIGS. 32 to 37, all of the samples 14 to 19 had a high in-plane shear strength and a wall magnification equivalent to about 4.2 times.

≪Load bearing wall 10C≫
As the load bearing wall 10C, samples 20 to 22 which are load bearing walls having the dimensions shown in FIG. 38 were prepared. And about these load bearing walls, the in-plane shear strength was measured, respectively. The results are shown in FIGS. As shown in FIGS. 39 to 41, all of the samples 20 to 22 had a high in-plane shear strength and had a wall magnification equivalent to about 1.5 times.

≪Load bearing wall 10D≫
As the load bearing wall 10D, samples 23 to 25 which are load bearing walls having dimensions shown in FIG. 42 were prepared. And about these load bearing walls, the in-plane shear strength was measured, respectively. The results are shown in FIGS. As shown in FIGS. 43 to 45, all of the samples 23 to 25 had a high in-plane shear strength and a wall magnification equivalent to about 0.5 times.

  As mentioned above, although the bearing wall and wooden building of this invention were demonstrated based on embodiment of illustration, this invention is not limited to this. For example, in the bearing wall and the wooden building of the present invention, the configuration of each part can be replaced with an arbitrary configuration that exhibits the same function, and an arbitrary configuration can be added.

  In the above-described embodiment, a structural plywood (a plurality of single plates that are bonded by hot-pressure bonding with the fiber directions alternately stacked) is used as the face material. However, the face material is limited to this. Not. For example, it is possible to use a wood chip or wood fiber molded by heating and compression.

1 wooden house 10 bearing wall 10A bearing wall 10A 'first wall portion 10A "second wall portion 10B bearing wall 10C bearing wall 10D bearing wall 11 shaft assembly 11a outer surface 11b inner surface 111 shaft assembly 111a outer surface 112 shaft assembly 112a outer surface 2 foundation 21 Anchor bolt 22 Anchor bolt 3 Base 4 Beam 41 Anchor bolt 5 Column 511 Column 512 Column 521 Column 522 Column 523 Column 524 Window base 525 552 Column 553 Window base 554 Window base 555 Column 561 Column 562 Column 6 Hole down hardware 71 Frame 71a outer surface 711 Plywood receiving material 712 Plywood receiving material 713 Plywood receiving material 714 Plywood receiving material 72 Frame 72a Outer surface 721 Plywood receiving material 722 Plywood receiving material 723 Plywood receiving material 724 Plywood receiving material 73 Frame 73a outer surface 731 plywood receiving material 732 plywood receiving material 733 plywood receiving material 734 plywood receiving material 81 structural plywood 81a outer surface 82 structural plywood 821 plywood 822 plywood 83 structural plywood 84 structural plywood 85 structural plywood 85a outer surface 86 for structural use Plywood 86a outer surface 87 structural plywood 88 structural plywood 89 structural plywood 9 structural plywood 91 nail 92 nail G gap L1 center distance L2 center distance L3 center distance L4 center distance S2 space S4 opening S6 space S7 space Y Bracing W Wall length

Claims (15)

A frame-shaped shaft assembly;
A frame-shaped frame fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the shaft; and
A load bearing wall comprising: a first face member fitted into the shaft assembly and nailed or screwed to the frame assembly. A step is formed between one surface of the frame and one surface of the shaft,
The load-bearing wall according to claim 1, wherein the first face member is fitted into the step from the one surface side of the shaft set.   The bearing wall according to claim 1, further comprising a second face member that is nailed or screwed to a surface opposite to a side on which the first face member of the shaft assembly is fitted. .   The said axis | shaft group is formed of the base, the beam arrange | positioned above the said base, and a pair of pillar which connects the said base and the said beam. Bearing wall.   The load-bearing wall according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the shaft set is formed by a pair of beams that are spaced apart from each other in the vertical direction and a pair of columns that connect the pair of beams.   The bearing wall according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the wall length is 450 mm to 1000 mm. A first wall having an opening;
A load bearing wall comprising: a second wall portion provided adjacent to the first wall portion and having a wall length of 900 mm or more. A frame-shaped shaft formed by a base, a beam disposed above the base, and a first pillar, a second pillar, and a third pillar arranged in parallel to connect the base and the beam. Have
The first wall has a first face member having an opening or divided vertically, and is nailed or screwed on one surface of the shaft set so as to connect the first pillar and the second pillar. Formed by stopping,
The second wall portion is formed by nailing or screwing a second face material to one surface of the shaft set so as to connect the second pillar and the third pillar. Item 8. The bearing wall according to Item 7. A frame-shaped shaft group formed by a pair of beams arranged apart from each other in the vertical direction, and a first pillar, a second pillar, and a third pillar arranged in parallel to connect the pair of beams;
The first wall has a first face member having an opening or divided vertically, and is nailed or screwed on one surface of the shaft set so as to connect the first pillar and the second pillar. Formed by stopping,
The second wall portion is formed by nailing or screwing a second face material to one surface of the shaft set so as to connect the second pillar and the third pillar. Item 8. The bearing wall according to Item 7. A frame-shaped first shaft group and a second shaft group arranged side by side apart from each other;
A frame-shaped first frame fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the first shaft group;
A frame-shaped second frame fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the second shaft group;
A first face member fitted into the first shaft assembly and nailed or screwed to the first frame assembly;
A second face member fitted into the second shaft group and nailed or screwed to the second frame;
The first shaft assembly and the second shaft assembly are straddled over the first face material and the second face material while leaving an opening between the first shaft set and the second shaft set. And a third face member that is nailed or screwed to the first shaft group and the second shaft group,
A fourth surface material disposed opposite to the third surface material via the first shaft group and the second shaft group, and nailed or screwed to the first shaft group and the second shaft group; A bearing wall characterized by comprising: A foundation, a beam disposed above the foundation, and a first pillar, a second pillar, a third pillar, and a fourth pillar arranged in parallel to connect the foundation and the beam;
The first axis is formed by the base, the beam, the first pillar, and the second pillar,
The second shaft set is formed by the base, the beam, the third pillar, and the fourth pillar,
The load-bearing wall according to claim 10, wherein the opening is formed between the second pillar and the third pillar. A pair of beams that are spaced apart from each other; and a first column, a second column, a third column, and a fourth column that are juxtaposed to connect the pair of beams;
The pair of beams, the first pillar, and the second pillar form the first shaft set;
The pair of beams, the third pillar, and the fourth pillar form the second shaft set,
The load-bearing wall according to claim 10, wherein the opening is formed between the second pillar and the third pillar.   The load bearing wall according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein a wall length of the opening is 900 mm to 1800 mm. A frame-shaped shaft assembly;
A face material that is nailed or screwed to a central portion excluding the upper end portion and the lower end portion of the shaft set so that openings are formed at the upper end portion and the lower end portion of the shaft set. Bearing wall.   A wooden building comprising the load-bearing wall according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

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