JP3183152U - Three-dimensional truss member joint structure - Google Patents

Abstract

Even when members having greatly different axial center positions such as a T-shaped cross-section member and an H-shaped cross-section member cross each other, three-dimensional truss members may be decentered at a joint portion. A joint structure capable of realizing a stable three-dimensional truss is provided.
In a joint metal fitting that joins a T-shaped cross-sectional member and a cross-sectional member that intersects the member and has a cross-sectional shape different from or different from that of the T-shaped cross-sectional member, The shaft core L1 and the shaft core L2 of the cross member 12 are aligned with each other without being eccentric, and the shaft core L3 of the lattice material 3 is attracted to the intersection of the shaft cores L1 and L2 of both the members 11 and 12.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a joining structure of truss members constituting a three-dimensional truss used for a roof frame of a building between Owari such as a gymnasium.

Conventionally, when a truss is used as a roof frame, as shown in FIG. 4, a flat truss 100 using a T-shaped cross-section member is used for the upper chord member 101 and the lower chord member 101a, and a small beam 102 is joined perpendicularly to the upper chord member 101. In addition, an H-shaped cross-section member or the like is used for the small beam 102, and the buckling prevention material 104 is provided in the longitudinal direction of the small beam 102 from the node of the lower chord material 101a, thereby configuring the roof frame.
In this case, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the joint portion between the upper chord member 101 and the small beam 102 is small using the upper chord member 101 using the T-shaped cross-section member and the H-shaped cross-section member. The members 102 and 102 having different types of members from the beam 102 and having different cross-sections are arranged so that the upper ends thereof are at the same level, and bolts 102b are connected via gusset plates 102a attached to the upper chord material 101. , 102b, etc., and the axial core L3 of the lattice material 103 constituting the plane of the plane truss 100 is generally attracted to the axial core L1 of the upper chord material 101.

  Accordingly, the level of the axis L1 of the T-shaped cross-section member that is the upper chord member 101 and the level of the axis L2 of the H-shaped cross-section member that is the small beam 102 do not coincide with each other. Will be. However, usually, the small beam 102 and the upper chord material 101 are orthogonally arranged, and the small beam 102 is also orthogonal to the lattice material 103, so each member of the small beam 102, the upper chord material 101, and the lattice material 103. Since there is almost no transmission of axial force between them, the influence of the eccentricity does not matter.

However, in the case of a normal three-dimensional truss, if there is the eccentricity, its influence becomes a problem. Examples of the conventional three-dimensional truss frame are shown in FIGS.
The three-dimensional truss frame in FIG. 6 is arranged in such a manner that the size and direction of the quadrangular lattice are substantially the same on both the upper and lower chord planes in plan view, and the quadrangular lattices are shifted from each other by a half pitch. In this case, four lattice materials 3, 3... Are joined in a quadrangular shape.
On the other hand, the three-dimensional truss frame in FIG. 7 is a quadrangular lattice in the upper chord surface and the lower chord surface in plan view, but the lower chord surface intersects with the quadrangular lattice of the upper chord surface approximately 45 degrees, and the rectangular lattice of the upper chord surface The lower chord node 2a of the lower chord surface is located at the lower center surface of the lower chord surface, and the quadratic lattice of the lower chord surface is larger, and four lattice members 3, 3,... The two lattice materials 3 and 3 are only joined oppositely to the node 1a.

FIG. 8 shows a three-dimensional truss frame with a triangular roof inclined from the top of the ridge toward the eaves. The upper and lower lattice patterns of the three-dimensional truss frame shown in FIG. Since the orientation in plan view is inclined by approximately 45 degrees with respect to the quadrangular lattice of the lower chord surface, four lattice members 3, 3,... Are joined to the upper chord node 1a in a quadrangular shape. Only two lattice materials 3, 3 are joined to the lower chord node 2a. In the plan view of FIG. 8, the lattice members 3, 3... Are not displayed, but are directly below (overlapping positions) the upper chord members 1, 1. In FIG. 8, cross members (diagonal materials) 4, 4... Are connected to the upper chord surface so as to connect the upper chord members 1, 1. Although added to the top of the ridge, the cross members 4, 4... Are also between the upper chord nodes 1a, 1a. The arrangement may be arbitrary.
6 to 8, the upper chord node 1a of the quadrangular lattice composed of the upper chord members 1, 1,... And the lower chord node 2a of the quadrangular lattice composed of the lower chord members 2, 2,. Further, the upper chord material 1 and the lower chord material 2 have a three-dimensional structure in which a plurality of lattice materials 3, 3... Axial force is transmitted between the members of the lattice material 3.

  As used members of these three-dimensional truss frames, as shown in the side view of FIG. 9A and the plan view of FIG. An H-shaped cross-section member is used for the cross member 112 which is the other upper chord material 1 that intersects with the cross-section member 111, and the joint hardware 110 for joining the T-shaped cross-section member 111 and the cross-member 112 is a T-shaped cross-section member. A flat plate 110a and a vertical plate 110b that match the positions of the flanges and webs 111, and the plates 110a and 110b and the flanges and webs of the T-shaped cross-section member 111 are cross-sectional views of FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, the H-shaped cross-section member that is joined by the bolts 111a, 111a,... Via the splice plates 111b, 111b,. E and blanking, the cross member plate 110c mounted in the direction of the cross member 112 of the joint fittings 110 volts 112a, is joined directly by only 112a · · ·.

  When the height levels of the upper ends of the T-shaped cross-section member 111 and the cross member 112 are matched, the axis L1 of the T-shaped cross-section member 111 and the axis of the cross member 112 (H-shaped cross-section member) intersecting with it. If the core L2 is eccentrically crossed with a distance of the distance e between the shaft centers, the shaft core L3 of the lattice material 113 is attracted to either of the shaft cores L1 and L2, and eccentricity occurs. A local bending moment is generated according to the dimension e. Therefore, compared with the case where there is no eccentricity, the size of each member 111, 112 or the metal joint 110 becomes large, which is uneconomical, and is not preferable from the viewpoint of structural stability as a three-dimensional truss.

As shown in FIG. 9A, when the height levels of the upper ends of the T-shaped cross-section member 111 and the cross-member 112 (H-shaped cross-section member) coincide with each other, Since the positions of the bolts 112a, 112a,... Joined through the plate 110c are also lowered, a gusset plate 113a for joining a part of the bolts 112a, 112a,. There is a problem that interferes. In order to avoid this, it is necessary to lengthen the cross member plate 110c in the horizontal direction so that the joint position with the bolts 112a, 112a... Is separated from the gusset plate 113a. Not only is this not preferable, but also only the cross member plate 110c becomes long, and this is particularly undesirable because it leads to a decrease in the compression strength of the joint.
Although the above description has been made with reference to FIGS. 9A and 9B as the joint portion of the upper chord material 1, it goes without saying that the problem of eccentricity is the same in the joint portion of the lower chord material 2.

As disclosure information regarding the joint structure of the three-dimensional truss member, for example, there are Patent Documents 1 to 4.
In Patent Document 1, in order to facilitate the processing and assembly of the joint structure of each plate-shaped solid truss using grooved steel for the upper chord material and angle material for the lower chord material and the lattice material, the intersecting upper chord material The structure is such that the axes of each other do not coincide with each other, and there is a problem due to the eccentricity described above.

  In Patent Document 2, a joint structure in which the outer surfaces of the flanges of the intersecting upper chord members and lower chord members coincide with each other at each node of the plate-shaped solid truss using CT steel as the upper chord material and lower chord material and steel pipe as the lattice material is illustrated. As shown in the figure, since the intersecting chords are CT-shaped steels, there is almost no misalignment (eccentricity) of the axis, so that the axis of the lattice material coincides with the intersection of the intersecting chords of the CT-shaped steel. Attracting. That is, since the upper chord material or the lower chord material is an intersection of CT sections of substantially the same size, it is easy to make the shafts coincide and eliminate the eccentricity. However, if one of the intersecting members is a member whose axial center position is far away from the outer surface of the flange, such as an H-shaped cross-section member, the problem of eccentricity still occurs.

In Patent Documents 3 and 4, both members of the upper chord material or the lower chord material intersect are illustrated for each node of the solid truss using the same type of member (angle material or the like), and a joint structure without eccentricity is shown. However, the problem of eccentricity occurs when one of the intersecting members is an H-shaped cross-sectional member, for example, as in Patent Document 2.
As described above, these Patent Documents 1 to 4 describe the eccentricity when both members of the upper chord material or the lower chord material are not of the same type, that is, when a member having a greatly different axial center position is used as a three-dimensional truss member. There is no suggestion about the influence of.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 45-33572 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 49-70706 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-213016 JP 2011-149224 A

  In the present invention, a T-shaped cross-section member as a member constituting a three-dimensional truss, and a member intersecting with the T-shaped cross-section member, such as an H-shaped cross-section member, intersect each other with greatly different member cross-sectional shapes or cross-sectional dimensions. It is an object of the present invention to provide a joint structure that solves the problem of eccentricity in the joint portion of a three-dimensional truss member that occurs in the case of doing so.

  The first means of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problem is that the substantially square lattices are spaced apart from each other, and the substantially square lattices do not overlap in plan view, and each node of one of the substantially square lattices. A three-dimensional truss composed of a plurality of lattice materials arranged so as to be displaced so that each node of the other substantially quadrangular lattice is positioned at the center, and inclined between these upper and lower nodes. In a joint metal that joins a T-shaped cross-section member as a member forming a lattice and a cross-section member that intersects the T-shaped cross-section member and has a different cross-sectional shape or cross-section from the T-shaped cross-section member, A joining structure for a three-dimensional truss member characterized in that the axis of the cross-sectional member and the axis of the cross member are made to coincide with each other, and the axis of the lattice material is attracted to the intersection of the axes of these two members.

  According to a second means of the present invention, a substantially square lattice is arranged at a distance from the top and the bottom, and these substantially square lattices do not overlap in plan view, and the other substantially square lattice is arranged at the center of each node of the one substantially square lattice. Are arranged so as to be positioned so that each node is positioned, and is composed of a plurality of lattice materials inclined between these upper and lower nodes, and intersecting members (pairs) between diagonal nodes of the substantially rectangular lattice. A square truss member in which a T-shaped cross-section member that forms the substantially square lattice and a cross-section member in a diagonal direction of the substantially square lattice having a different cross-sectional shape or cross-section from the T-shaped cross-section member In this case, the axis of the T-shaped cross-section member and the axis of the diagonal member are matched with each other, and the axis of the lattice material is attracted to the intersection of the axes of the two members. A three-dimensional tiger characterized by It is a joint structure of members.

  According to a third means of the present invention, in the first and second means, the cross member plate for joining the cross members of the joint hardware joining the T-shaped cross-section member and the cross member is the joint. It is the joining structure of the solid truss member characterized by being a through-plate which penetrates a metal.

  According to a fourth means of the present invention, in the first to third means, an H-shaped cross-sectional member is used as the crossing member, and the web of the H-shaped cross-sectional member joined by the crossing member plate of the joint hardware. The part is a structure for joining a three-dimensional truss member characterized in that the part is thickened by a support plate and / or stiffened by a stiffener.

According to a fifth means of the present invention, in the first to third means described above, two U-shaped cross-section members are used as the cross member, and the cross member plate of the joint hardware is used as the two U-shaped cross-section members. It is the joining structure of the solid truss member characterized by being pinched | interposed and joined with the web of.
The above is the means for solving the problem.

Since the present invention is based on the above-described means, it has the following effects.
(1) Even when a member having a large difference in cross-sectional shape or cross section, such as a T-shaped cross-section member, an H-shaped cross-section member or a U-shaped cross-section member, is mixed, the problem of eccentricity is solved and a structurally stable solid Truss can be realized.
(2) Since there is no eccentricity between the members, the member size can be reduced compared to the case where there is an eccentricity, which is economical.
(3) Joining the cross member (H-shaped cross-section member, etc.) and the cross member plate of the joint hardware by aligning the axis of the H-shaped cross-section member or the U-shaped cross-section member with the axis of the T-shaped cross-section member. Interference between the bolt and the gusset plate to which the lattice material is attached can be avoided, and the joint is compact, which is advantageous in terms of joint strength and design.
(4) Even when the axial force acting on the H-shaped cross-section member or the U-shaped cross-section member which is a cross member is large, it can be dealt with by partially reinforcing the joining portion of the web such as the H-shaped cross-section member. It is not necessary to dare to the so-called “rigid joint” in which both the flange of the member and the web are joined together, and it is easy to manufacture and economical.

It is a side view of the solid truss joining part which shows 1st Example. The solid truss junction part of 2nd and 3rd Example is shown, (a) is the side view, (b) is a top view of the knee cross section in (a). The solid truss joint part of 4th Example is shown, (a) is the side view, (b) is also the side view of an Example different from (a). It is the top view and sectional drawing which show the conventional parallel truss frame. The junction part of the conventional parallel truss structure is shown, (a) is the side view, (b) is the side view of the II cross section of (a). It is the top view and sectional drawing which show the conventional three-dimensional truss frame. It is the top view and sectional drawing which show another example of the conventional solid truss frame. It is the top view and sectional drawing at the time of replacing the upper chord surface and lower chord surface of the quadrangular lattice shown in the top view of FIG. 7 of the conventional space truss frame. The conventional solid truss junction part is shown, (a) is the side view, (b) is a top view of the roll cross section of (a).

A first embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. This figure corresponds to FIG. 9 showing the details of the portion of the upper chord node 1a in FIGS. 6 to 7 showing an example of a conventional three-dimensional truss frame.
In the three-dimensional truss frame of the present invention, a plurality of quadrangular lattices are arranged vertically apart as shown in FIGS. 6 to 7, and the quadrangular lattices do not overlap in plan view, and the upper chord member 1 Are arranged so that the nodes 2a, 2a,... Of the rectangular lattice of the lower chord material 2 are positioned on the lower surface of the center of each of the nodes 1a, 1a,. Although applied to a three-dimensional truss composed of a plurality of lattice members 3, 3... Inclined between them, the three-dimensional truss frame in FIGS. In addition, it is applicable even if it is formed in a long rectangle or rhombus.

  As shown in FIG. 1, as a member forming such a substantially square lattice, a T-shaped cross-section member 11 (not shown in FIG. 1, but corresponds to a conventional T-shaped cross-section member 111 shown in FIG. 9B). FIG. 9 shows a conventional fitting 10 for joining a cross member 12 (H-shaped cross-section member in the drawing) that intersects the same member 11 and has a cross-sectional shape or cross-section different from that of the T-shaped cross-sectional member 11. While the joint hardware 110 matches the height levels of the T-shaped cross-section member 111 and the crossing member 112, the joint hardware 10 of the present invention has a T-shaped cross-section member 11 as shown in FIG. The shaft core L1 and the shaft core L2 of the cross member 12 are made to coincide with each other by moving up to the level of the shaft core L1 so that the members 11 and 12 intersect with each other without eccentricity. 6 to 8 at the intersection of the shaft cores L1 and L2. In a junction structure from the top chord node 1a becomes the axis L3 of the plurality of lattice members 3, 3 ... mounted inclined lower chord node 2a Te attracted.

The metal joint 10 is formed by a flat plate 10a and a vertical plate 10b that match the positions of the flange and web of the T-shaped cross-section member 11, and the plates 10a and 10b and the flange and web of the T-shaped cross-section member 11 are connected to each other. Although not shown, as in the conventional FIG. 9, the web of the H-shaped cross-section member which is joined by bolts 111a, 111a... Via splice plates 111b, 111b. The joint member plate 10c attached to the joint member 10 in the direction of the cross member 12 is directly joined only by the bolts 12a, 12a.
Various cross-sectional members such as one of the right and left members of the cross member 12 intersecting the T-shaped cross-sectional member 11 are H-shaped cross-sectional members, the other is a U-shaped cross-sectional member or a T-shaped cross-sectional member having a different cross-sectional profile, It is natural that the axis L2 of each cross member 12 and the axis L3 of the lattice material 3, 3,... Can be made to coincide with the axis L1 of the T-shaped cross-section member 11 in the metal joint 10.

Further, according to the present invention, the positions of the bolts 112a, 112a,... For joining the cross member plate 110c and the cross member 112 attached to the joint hardware 110 shown in FIG. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, the present invention is moved away from the gusset plate 3a to which the lattice material 3 is attached, so that interference with the bolts 12a, 12a. Therefore, it is not necessary to lengthen the cross member plate 10c in the horizontal direction in order to avoid interference with the bolts 12a, 12a... That join the cross member plate 10c and the cross member 12.
In addition, the lower flange of the H-shaped cross-section member which is the cross member 12 is partly cut away so as not to interfere with the gusset plate 3a to which the lattice material 3 is attached.

The above has described the joint portion of the upper chord material node, but it goes without saying that the joint portion of the lower chord material node is exactly the same because FIG. 1 is just upside down.
With such a configuration, the eccentricity of the shaft core of each member at the joint portion of the three-dimensional truss using a mixture of the T-shaped cross-section member and the H-shaped cross-section member can be avoided, and a compact joint portion can be achieved.

2 (a) and 2 (b) show a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 (a) shows a ridge top of a triangular roof shown in the DD section of FIG. 8 which is a conventional three-dimensional truss frame. The side view of the junction part in case the roof is arrange | positioned horizontally with the upper chord node 1a is not inclined is shown. Further, as shown in FIG. 2 (b), two chord members (T-shaped cross-section members) 11A, 11A,... From the vertical direction, and one cross member (diagonal material) from the horizontal direction to the left and right. In this case, vertical plates 10b, 10b,... Are attached to the metal fitting 10 in this case in the direction of the web of the upper chord material 11A in the vertical direction shown in the figure. 10a and the cross member plate 10c are formed in the same manner as the metal joint 10 shown in FIG.
In this case, the lattice members 3, 3... Correspond to the conventional three-dimensional truss frame shown in FIG. 8, and are located directly below the upper chord members 11A, 11A,. .

In the first embodiment, the case where the H-shaped cross-section member has a relatively low cross section is shown as the cross member 12, but in the case of an H-shaped cross-section member having a larger cross-section than that, the upper flange position is the joint. Since the cross member plate 10c that is attached to the hardware 10 and joins the cross member 12 is considerably higher than the upper end of the flat plate 10a that forms the joint hardware 10, the cross member plate 10c also needs to be spread upward. Therefore, in the second embodiment, the cross member plate 10 c is a through plate that penetrates the joint metal 10.
In addition, even when the cross member 12 shown in FIG. 1 (corresponding to the upper chord node 1a of the three-dimensional truss frame shown in FIGS. 6 to 7) is an H-shaped cross-section member having a large cross-section, the difference member plate 10c is a metal joint. 10 may be a through plate that penetrates through 10.

  2 (a) and 2 (b), the web of the cross member 4 (H-shaped cross-section member in the figure) and the cross member plate 10c of the joint hardware 10 are directly joined with bolts 12a, 12a. The right half shows the case where the web of the cross member 12 and the cross member plate 10c are sandwiched from both sides by two splice plates 12b, 12b and joined by bolts 12a, 12a. ing.

A third embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2A and 2B. As shown in the left half of FIGS. 1 and 2 (a) and 2 (b), the web of the H-shaped cross-section member that is the cross member 12 or 4 is usually thin, so stiffeners 12c are provided for stiffening. Is.
In addition, when a large axial force acts on the H-shaped cross-section member that is the cross member 12 or 4, usually both the flange and the web are often joined, but there is a demerit that makes the housing complicated. Therefore, in addition to the stiffener 12c for stiffening the web of the H-shaped cross-section member, as shown in the right half of FIGS. Ensures reliable transmission of power.

  In addition, the storage of the purlin receptacle 21 and the purlin 22 installed on the cross member 12 or 4 usually has an H-shaped cross section on the upper flange upper surface of the H-shaped cross-sectional member that is the cross member 12, as shown in FIG. A purlin receiver 21 is fixed by an attachment piece 21a so as to intersect the axis of the member, and a purlin 22 is attached to the upper surface of the purlin receiver 21 by an attachment piece 22a. Accordingly, when the axis L2 of the H-shaped cross-section member that is the cross member 12 is matched with the level of the axis L1 of the T-shaped cross-section member 11, the upper end of the H-shaped cross-section member becomes higher, so This is not preferable because the thickness increases.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2 (a) and its cross section, the level of the purlin receiver 21 is lowered to a level overlapping the upper flange of the H-shaped cross-section member that is the cross member 12, and the mounting piece 21a of FIG. If attached instead of the attachment plate 21b, the height of the purlin receptacle 21 and the purlin 22 can be freely adjusted.

FIGS. 3A and 3B are side views for explaining the fourth embodiment. FIG. 3A corresponds to the first embodiment, and FIG. 3B corresponds to the second embodiment.
Two cross-section members are used as the cross member 12, and the cross member plate 10c of the joint hardware 10 is sandwiched between the webs of the cross-section members as shown in the tote cross sections of FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b). It joins with the volt | bolts 12a, 12a .... In this case, the lower flange of the U-shaped cross-section member that is the cross member 12 may be partially cut away so as not to interfere with the gusset plate 3a to which the lattice material 3 is attached.
When the thickness of the web of the U-shaped cross-section member is thin, as in the case of the H-shaped cross-section member of the third embodiment, the thickness is increased by the attachment plate 12d and / or stiffening by the stiffener 12c (not shown). May be applied.

1: Upper chord material 1a: Upper chord node 2: Lower chord material 2a: Lower chord node 3: Lattice material 3a: Gusset plate 4: Cross member (diagonal member)
10: Joining hardware 10a: Flat plate 10b: Vertical plate 10c: Cross member plate 11: T-shaped cross section member 11A: Upper chord member 12: Cross member 12a: Bolt 12b: Splice plate 12c: Stiffener 12d: Saddle plate 21: Purlin 21 21a: Mounting piece 21b: Mounting plate 22: Purlin 22a: Mounting piece 100: Plane truss 101: Upper chord material 101a: Lower chord material 102: Small beam 102a: Gusset plate 102b: Bolt 103: Lattice material 104: Buckling prevention material 110: Metal fitting 110a: plane plate 110b: vertical plate 110c: cross member plate 111: T-shaped cross section member 111a: bolt 111b: splice plate 112: cross member 112a: bolt 113: lattice material 113a: gusset plate L1: shaft core (first chord Material, T-cut Member)
L2: Axle (beam, cross member)
L3: Shaft core (lattice material)
e: Dimension between shaft centers

Claims (5)

  A substantially quadrangular grid is arranged at a distance from the top and the bottom, and these substantially quadrangular grids do not overlap in plan view so that each node of the other substantially quadrilateral grid is positioned at the center of each node of the one substantially quadrangular grid. A three-dimensional truss composed of a plurality of lattice materials that are arranged in a shifted manner and inclined between the upper and lower nodes, and a T-shaped cross-section member as a member that forms the substantially square lattice, and the T-shaped cross-section member A joint metal that joins a cross-section having a cross-sectional shape different from that of the T-shaped cross-section member or a cross-section, and matching the axis of the T-shaped cross-section member and the axis of the cross-member to the joint metal, A joining structure of three-dimensional truss members, characterized in that the axis of a lattice material is attracted to the intersection of the axes of these two members.   A substantially quadrangular grid is arranged at a distance from the top and the bottom, and these substantially quadrangular grids do not overlap in plan view so that each node of the other substantially quadrilateral grid is positioned at the center of each node of the one substantially quadrangular grid. A three-dimensional truss that is arranged in a shifted manner and is composed of a plurality of lattice materials that are inclined between the upper and lower nodes, and in which a cross member is arranged between diagonal nodes of the substantially rectangular lattice, In a joint metal for joining a T-shaped cross-section member forming a substantially quadrangular lattice and a cross member in a diagonal direction of the substantially quadrilateral lattice having a cross-sectional shape or cross section different from that of the T-shaped cross-section member, A joining structure for a three-dimensional truss member, characterized in that the axis of the T-shaped cross-section member and the axis of the diagonal member coincide with each other, and the axis of the lattice material is attracted to the intersection of the axes of these two members. .   The cross member plate for joining the cross member of the joint metal joining the T-shaped cross-section member and the cross member is a through plate penetrating the joint metal. The joining structure of the three-dimensional truss member described in 1.   An H-shaped cross-section member is used as the cross member, and the web portion of the H-shaped cross-section member to be joined to the cross member plate of the joint hardware is subjected to thickening by a support plate and / or stiffening by a stiffener. The joining structure of three-dimensional truss members according to claim 1, wherein:   The two cross-section members are used as the cross members, and the cross-member plates of the joint hardware are sandwiched and joined by the webs of the two cross-section members. The joining structure of the three-dimensional truss member described in 1.

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