JP3145288B2 - Excavated sediment volume measuring device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an excavated earth and sand volume measuring apparatus for measuring the volume of excavated earth and sand.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a shield method, earth and sand excavated by a cutter in a chamber are discharged by, for example, a screw conveyor to maintain a constant earth pressure in the chamber.

[0003] For example, when the amount of soil removed by a screw conveyor is large, the earth pressure in the chamber becomes low, causing collapse of the ground, subsidence of the ground, and partial collapse of the ground.
On the other hand, when the amount of soil removed by the screw conveyor is small, the earth pressure in the chamber increases, which causes the ground surface to be raised in front of the face.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to accurately control the excavated volume at the face, that is, the amount of excavated earth and sand removed. Generally, the permissible change in the amount of excavated soil that does not cause face collapse in shield excavation is 2 times the design excavated amount. It is said to be within 8%.

In order to manage the amount of earth removal,
It is necessary to accurately measure the amount of soil removed at the present time, and as the method, there are a screw rotation measuring method, a pumping method, a steel car transport method, a laser light method, an ultrasonic Doppler method, and the like.

[0006] The screw rotation measuring method is to measure the amount of soil removal by counting the number of rotations of the screw conveyor, and the pump pressure feeding method is to measure the amount of soil removal by counting the piston movement of the sludge pump. is there. In the steel car transport system, the amount of earth removal is measured by measuring the weight of a steel car loaded with earth removal. In addition, the laser light method measures the amount of soil removal by measuring the cross-sectional shape of the earth and sand on a belt conveyor that moves at a constant speed using a laser light, and the ultrasonic Doppler method transmits ultrasonic waves from outside the transport pipe Then, by measuring the flow velocity of the earth and sand by the Doppler effect, the amount of discharged soil is measured.

[0007]

However, the conventional measuring method described above has problems such as poor measurement accuracy and expensive measuring equipment.

That is, in the screw rotation measurement method, when conveying highly viscous earth and sand, idle rotation and the like occur, so that the rotation speed of the screw conveyor and the amount of conveyance are not necessarily proportional. On the other hand, if the viscosity is too low, the earth and sand flow out regardless of the rotation of the screw conveyor, so that the rotation speed of the screw conveyor is not proportional to the amount of conveyance. Therefore, the error was large and was not practical.

In the pumping method, when air is mixed in the conveyed earth and sand, the number of pistons of the pump is not always proportional to the amount of conveyance, so that the measurement error is also large.

[0010] In the steel car transport system, measurement errors are large because mud and the like adhere to the steel car. In addition, after the soil is conveyed by a belt conveyor or the like, the steel car is mounted on the steel car, and the weight of the entire steel car is measured. As a result, a considerable time delay occurred from the time of excavation, and processing could not be performed in real time.

In the laser beam system and the ultrasonic Doppler system, there are large errors depending on the arrangement of the measuring devices and the like, and the measuring devices are expensive and impractical.

An object of the present invention is to provide an excavated sediment volume measuring apparatus which can measure the volume of excavated sediment with a high accuracy of measurement, a relatively low cost and a simple configuration. .

[0013]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention relates to a measuring apparatus for measuring the volume of earth and sand excavated by a shield machine, wherein the weight measuring means for measuring the weight of the earth and sand, It is characterized by including specific gravity measuring means for measuring the specific gravity of earth and sand, and volume calculating means for calculating the excavated volume based on the measured weight and specific gravity.

That is, in the shield machine, earth and sand excavated by a cutter or the like are sequentially discharged from the chamber. At this time, the weight measuring means measures the weight of the excavated earth and sand, and the specific gravity measuring means measures the specific gravity of the earth and sand. Then, the volume calculation unit calculates the excavated volume based on the measured weight and specific gravity of the earth and sand.

As described above, the excavated volume of the face by the shield machine can be accurately calculated in real time based on the weight and specific gravity of the excavated earth and sand.
Excavation can be performed while stabilizing the face.

The present invention also relates to a measuring device for measuring the volume of earth and sand excavated by a shield machine, wherein a weight measuring means for measuring the weight of the earth and sand, a specific gravity measuring means for measuring a specific gravity of the earth and sand, Volume calculating means for calculating the excavated volume based on the measured weight and specific gravity, wherein the weight measuring means includes means for measuring the weight of the earth and sand carried out of the chamber, and It is characterized by comprising means for measuring the weight, and arithmetic means for calculating the actual weight of the unloaded soil by subtracting the weight of the injected mud material from the weight of the unloaded soil.

That is, in the shield machine, a mud material is injected into the chamber as necessary. In such a case, the actual weight of the unloaded soil is calculated by subtracting the weight of the mud material injected into the chamber from the determined weight of the unloaded soil. Then, the excavation volume of the face is calculated based on the actual weight and the specific gravity of the earth and sand.

In this way, even when using a mud material, stable excavation control of a face can be performed while accurately calculating the excavation volume of the face in real time.

In the present invention, the weight measuring means is provided on a bogie for carrying excavated earth and sand, and a weight measuring part for measuring the weight of the sediment loading part of the bogie, and a weight measured by the weight measuring part. , Subtract the weight of the sediment loading section itself,
A calculation unit for calculating the weight of the loaded unloading earth and sand.

For example, when an earth pressure type shield method is adopted, excavated earth and sand is discharged by a screw conveyor or the like, and then loaded on a truck and transported outside the tunnel. At this time, according to the present invention, a weight measuring unit is provided on the bogie itself for transporting the excavated earth and sand, and the weight of the earth and sand loading unit on which the excavated earth and sand is loaded is measured. Thereafter, the weight of the sediment loading unit itself is subtracted from the measured weight to calculate the weight of the loaded unloaded sediment itself. In this way, when the excavated earth and sand is loaded on the bogie, the weight of the earth and sand can be measured almost in real time, so that the excavated volume of the face can be obtained almost in real time.

Further, the present invention is characterized in that transmission / reception means for wirelessly transmitting / receiving measurement data is provided between the weight measuring means and the volume calculating means.

According to the present invention, the measurement data can be transmitted from the bogie to the surrounding area by using the wireless transmitting / receiving means. In particular, by providing the wireless receiving means of the data from the cart on the shield machine or the accessory equipment moving integrally therewith, the receiving means moves with the movement of the shield machine. Therefore, there is no problem that the location of the transmitting / receiving means is moved due to the movement of the shield machine, and the measurement of the excavated earth and sand volume can be performed smoothly.

In the present invention, the specific gravity measuring means includes a memory in which the relationship between the relative permittivity and the specific gravity of the earth and sand is stored in advance, a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves toward the front of the face, and Based on a surface propagation wave propagating between a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna, a first computing unit that computes the relative permittivity of the earth and sand of the face, and based on the computed relative permittivity, the data stored in the memory. And a second calculation unit for calculating the specific gravity of the excavated earth and sand by referring to the second calculation unit.

That is, in the present invention, a drilling survey is performed in advance along the excavation path of the shield machine, and the relationship between the relative permittivity and the specific gravity of the earth and sand is measured and stored in a memory.

Then, a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna are provided on a cutter of the shield machine and the like, and electromagnetic waves are transmitted and received toward the front of the face. At this time, the relative permittivity of the earth and sand near the face can be obtained by using the surface propagation wave propagating between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna.

The specific gravity of the excavated earth and sand can be obtained from the data stored in the memory based on the relative dielectric constant of the earth and sand on the surface of the face thus obtained.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to accurately measure the specific gravity of the earth and sand on the surface of the face by using the surface propagation wave. It becomes possible to measure.

[0028]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Next, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail using an example in which an earth pressure type shield method is used.

FIG. 1 shows a preferred example of an earth pressure shield excavation system. The excavation of the face 20 using the shield machine 10 is performed by rotating and driving the disk-shaped cutter 12 by a driving device (not shown). At this time, the excavated earth and sand of the face 20 is taken into the chamber 14, and thereafter, is loaded on the waiting trolley 34 using the screw conveyor 16.

As is well known, in the tunnel, a rail 30 is laid between the shield machine 10 and the shaft.
During this time, the dolly 34 towed by the battery car 32 reciprocates. Here, three trucks 34 are connected to one battery truck 32, and the earth and sand carried out from the screw conveyor 16 are loaded on each truck 34 and carried out of the tunnel.

FIG. 2 shows a measurement management system used in the shield method of this embodiment.

The system according to the embodiment includes a carried-out soil weight measuring unit 100, a mud injection amount measuring unit 110, an apparent specific gravity measuring unit 120, a soil discharging amount managing unit 130, and a data output unit 14.
0 is included.

The unloading soil weight measuring section 100 measures the weight W1 of the excavated earth and sand discharged from the chamber 14 by using the screw conveyor 16, and outputs the weight W1 to the discharging amount management section 130.

The mud injection amount measuring section 110 measures the injection amount W2 of the mud material injected into the chamber 14, and outputs the measured amount to the earth removal amount management section 130.

The apparent specific gravity measuring section 120 measures the specific gravity σ of the excavated earth and sand, and outputs the measured specific gravity σ to the earth discharging amount managing section 130.

The earth removal amount management unit 130 calculates the actual weight W of the earth removal by subtracting the injection amount W2 of the muddy material from the measured earth weight W1. Then, the specific gravity σ of the earth and sand is added to the actual weight W to calculate the excavated volume V in the face 20, and the calculated excavated volume V is output to the data output unit 140 and the excavation management unit 150
Output to

The data output unit 140 is configured to output and display the excavated volume V thus obtained and other necessary data using a display, a printer, or the like, and to transmit accurate management information to the operator. ing. Here, the excavated volume V represents the volume itself of the earth and sand excavated using the cutter 12, and
It is an important index for performing the excavation while stabilizing 0.

The excavation management section 150 adjusts the excavation speed of the shield machine using the shield machine control section 160 based on the excavated volume V and other management data obtained in this manner. , The screw rotation speed and the gate opening of the cutter are adjusted, and the material of the mud material and the injection amount into the chamber are adjusted using the mud control unit 164.

The muddy injection amount measuring section 110 is configured to measure the weight of the muddy material supplied into the chamber 14 based on the control data of the muddy material by the mud control section 164. .

Next, the specific configuration of the carried-out soil weight measuring section 100 will be described. In the present invention, the measuring unit 100 may have any configuration as necessary. However, in the present embodiment, since the earth pressure type shield method is adopted, the excavated earth and sand loaded on the truck 34 is used. It is configured to measure the weight W1.

That is, as shown in FIG. 4, the minecart 34 of the embodiment includes a base portion 36 running on the rail 30 and a sediment loading portion 38 installed on the base portion 36. You. The loading section 38 is formed in a box shape with an open upper end, and is configured to load earth and sand falling from the screw conveyor 16. The loading section 38 is mounted and fixed on the base section 36 via a plurality of sensors 102.

The sensor 102 is a weight sensor for measuring the total weight W10 of the loading portion 38 and the excavated earth and sand stored in the loading portion 38. In the embodiment, the sensor 102 is constituted by using a piezoelectric element. By doing so, the weight of the earth and sand loaded on the loading section 38 can be measured almost in real time.

FIG. 5 shows a specific circuit configuration of the weight measuring section 100 of the embodiment. In the present embodiment, a plurality of weight sensors 102 are used, but here, only one weight sensor 102 is shown for simplicity of description, and the other description is omitted.

The weight measuring section 100 of the present embodiment comprises a plurality of sensors 102 described above and an A / D converter 10 provided for each sensor and for converting the sensor output from analog to digital.
4 and a CPU 106 functioning as an arithmetic unit.

The CPU 106 calculates the total weight W10 of the loading section 38 based on the input signal from each sensor 102. Further, the CPU 106 measures and stores the weight W11 of the loading section 38 of the trolley 34 in advance, and stores the weight W11 in the loading section 3.
8, the weight W11 of the loading section itself is subtracted from the total weight W10 of 8 to calculate the weight W1 of the excavated earth and sand itself loaded on the truck 34.

In order to transmit the weight W1 of the excavated earth and sand calculated in this way to the earth removal amount management unit 130, in the system of the embodiment, a pair of transmission / reception units 170A, 170
0B is provided. One transmitting / receiving unit 170 is provided on the truck 34 side, and the other transmitting / receiving unit 170B
Is provided on the shield machine 10 itself or its attached equipment that moves integrally therewith. Immediately after the excavated soil is loaded on the trolley 34, the excavated soil weight W1 calculated by the CPU 106 is managed. It is configured to transmit to the unit 130.

Next, a specific configuration of the apparent specific gravity measuring section 120 will be described. In the present invention, the apparent specific gravity measuring section 120 may have various configurations as necessary. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. The measurement of the specific gravity σ will be described as an example.

As shown in FIG. 6, the apparent specific gravity measuring section 120 of this embodiment includes a transmitting antenna 122 and a receiving antenna 124 provided on the cutter 12, a memory 118,
It includes a forward search circuit 126, and is configured to perform forward search of the face and determination of soil properties by transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves. This system has already been proposed by the present applicant as a face detecting radar system (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-285).
No. 86).

That is, the forward search circuit 126 is connected to the cutter 1
2, the transmitting antenna 122 and the receiving antenna 12
4 is transmitted to transmit a high-frequency pulsed radio wave from the transmission antenna 122 toward the front of the face. The radio waves received at this time include the reflected wave 2 from the reflector 230 existing in the ground.
00 and a surface propagation wave 210 that is directly propagated from the transmission antenna 122 to the reception antenna 124.

FIG. 7 shows an example of the received waveform. Here, the reflected wave 200 indicates a reflector 230 existing in the ground, such as a pile, a buried tree, or an underground structure. Further, from the surface propagation wave 210, it is possible to determine the face soil quality and to detect the loose soil quality.

The surface propagation wave 210 is transmitted to the transmitting antenna 1
This is seen when the reception antenna 22 and the reception antenna 124 are formed separately, and is stored at the head of the reception waveform as shown in FIG. 7 because the propagation distance is short. Although it depends on the distance between the antennas and the extent to which the surface propagation wave 210 passes on the surface layer, experiments have confirmed that the antenna passes through the range of 20 to 25 cm when the antenna spacing is 50 cm. Since the wave passes through the surface layer (face 20), it has a special property that it is always stored regardless of the presence of the reflector.

The forward search circuit 126 detects the surface propagation wave 2
10, the relative permittivity ε of the earth and sand of the face 20 is measured as follows.

The time for the radio wave to pass through the fixed distance L is
It is expressed as follows by the relative permittivity of each soil.

[0054]

(Equation 1)

Here, t is the propagation time, v is the speed of the radio wave, L
Is the distance between antennas, C is the speed of light, and ε is the relative permittivity.

By utilizing this characteristic, the forward search circuit 126
By measuring the time t from transmission to reception,
By calculating the relative permittivity ε of the surface of the face 20 and comparing it with the table data shown in FIG. 9, the apparent specific gravity σ of the earth and sand on the face of the face is obtained.

That is, a boring survey is performed in advance along the excavation route of the shield machine 10, and a ground sample is collected. Then, the relationship between the soil and the relative dielectric constant ε is created as table data for soil determination from this sample, and stored in the memory 128. For example, each soil property such as viscosity, silt, silt and sand, sand, etc., each has a specific range of relative permittivity ε. Therefore, if the relationship between the relative permittivity ε and the soil quality is created as table data by such a boring survey, it is possible to accurately determine the soil quality of the face 20 from the relative permittivity ε obtained from the surface propagation wave 210. it can.

Next, the relationship between the relative permittivity ε and the apparent specific gravity (water content ratio) σ is created as table data as shown in FIG. 9 for each sampled soil, and stored in the memory 128.

Then, by comparing the transmission time t of the surface propagation wave 210 with each of the table data,
The apparent specific gravity σ of the face 20 is determined.

FIG. 8 shows a flowchart of this measurement operation.

First, transmission / reception of radio waves is performed using the transmission / reception antennas 122 and 124, and the propagation time t of the surface propagation wave 210 obtained at this time is measured (step S1).

Next, the relative permittivity ε of the soil of the face 20 is determined from the determined propagation time t (step S2).

Next, the obtained relative dielectric constant ε and the memory 128
Is compared with the soil data table stored in advance to determine the soil quality of the face 20 (step S3).

Finally, from the memory 128, FIG.
The table data of the corresponding soil set as shown in (1) is read out, and the apparent specific gravity σ of the soil is calculated from the relative permittivity ε (step S4).

In this way, the apparent specific gravity measuring section 120 of the embodiment can measure the apparent specific gravity σ of the earth and sand near the surface of the face 20 in real time, and output the measured specific gravity σ to the earth discharging amount managing section 130.

The system of this embodiment automatically and in real time measures the weight W1, the apparent specific gravity σ, and the injection amount W2 of the excavated sand by using the measuring units 100, 110, and 120 having the above-described configuration. As a result, the excavated volume of the face can be accurately and quickly obtained.

FIGS. 10 and 11 show measurement data 210 of the excavated volume V of the face obtained in real time using the method described above. FIG. 10 shows the case where the excavation is normal, and FIG. 11 shows the case where the excavation has a trouble.

In the figure, the horizontal axis represents the excavation distance within one segment section, and the vertical axis represents the excavation volume V which increases as the excavation proceeds.
Is represented. In the figure, 200 is the theoretical excavation amount (volume) when the excavation is normally performed, and 202 and 204 are the management upper limit value and the lower limit value set in a management range of ± 5 to 10% around the theoretical excavation amount. It is.

The excavation management section 150 of the embodiment controls the control sections 160, 162, and 164 so that the excavated volume measurement data 210 falls within a predetermined management value range as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 11, when the excavated volume measurement data 210A, 210B exceeds or falls short of this management value, it is determined that an abnormality has occurred, and each control unit is controlled to stabilize the face.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the present invention.

For example, in the above embodiment, the weight measuring unit 10
Although the case where the total weight W10 of the loading portion 38 of the trolley 34 is measured as 0 has been described as an example, the present invention is not limited to this, and may be configured to measure the weight of the trolley 34 itself. Accordingly, other measurement methods may be employed.

FIG. 3A shows, as the weight measuring section 100, the measurement of the actual weight W per one ring of excavated earth and sand measured using a method of measuring the total weight W 10 of the loading section 38 of the minecart 34. FIG. 3 (B) shows the measured data of the apparent specific gravity σ of the face measured using the method of the previous embodiment, and FIG. 3 (C) shows the data of FIG. (B)
2 shows the calculation data of the face excavation volume V for each ring obtained using the data shown in FIG. The horizontal axis in the figure indicates the excavation distance using the number of rings of the segment.

In the above embodiment, the present invention is applied to an earth pressure type shield excavator. However, when the present invention is applied to other types of shield construction methods, for example, a muddy pressurized shield construction method, etc. The weight of the excavated earth and sand may be determined from the amount of soil flowing through the ground.

Further, in the above embodiment, the case where the specific gravity of excavated earth and sand is measured by using a surface propagation wave has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and various measurement methods can be adopted. For example, a method of measuring the apparent specific gravity using a moisture meter or the like may be adopted.

[0075]

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view of an earth pressure type shield method to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the excavated sediment accumulation measurement management system of the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of measurement data.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram in a case where a carried-out soil weight measuring unit is provided on a truck.

FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of a carried-out earth and sand weight measuring unit of the embodiment.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a configuration of an apparent specific gravity measuring unit according to the embodiment.

7 is an explanatory diagram of a reception waveform of the system shown in FIG.

8 is a flowchart of an operation of measuring an apparent specific gravity of a face using the system shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of table data showing a correspondence relationship between a relative dielectric constant and an apparent specific gravity.

FIG. 10 shows measurement data of a face excavation volume obtained by the system of the embodiment.

FIG. 11 shows measurement data of a face excavation volume obtained by the system of the embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Shield excavator 20 Face 34 Dolly 36 Base part 38 Loading part 100 Unloading sand weight measurement part 100 102 Weight sensor 104 A / D conversion part 106 CPU 110 Mud injection amount measurement part 110 120 Apparent specific gravity measurement part 120 130 Discharge Quantity management unit 130 140 Data output unit 150 Excavation management unit

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Takeshi Yagura 1-7-1 Kyobashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Toda Construction Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-5-263584 (JP, A) JP-A-8 JP-121081 (JP, A) JP-A-6-288187 (JP, A) JP-A-5-222898 (JP, A) JP-A-8-122279 (JP, A) JP-B-62-1076 (JP, B2) ) Tokiko Hei 6-94790 (JP, B2) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E21D 9/12

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. A measuring device for measuring the volume of earth and sand excavated by a shield machine, wherein: a weight measuring means for measuring the weight of the earth and sand; a specific gravity measuring means for measuring a specific gravity of the earth and sand; and based on the specific gravity, seen containing a volume calculating means for calculating a drilling volume, it said weight measuring means is provided in the truck for unloading the excavated earth and sand, sand loading portion of the truck
A weight measuring unit for measuring the weight of, the weight measured by the weight measuring portion, sediment loading unit itself
Calculate the weight of the loaded unloading sand by subtracting the weight of
An excavated sediment volume measuring device, comprising: a calculation unit . 2. A measuring device for measuring the volume of earth and sand excavated by a shield machine, wherein: a weight measuring means for measuring the weight of the earth and sand; a specific gravity measuring means for measuring a specific gravity of the earth and sand; And a volume calculating means for calculating the excavated volume based on the specific gravity, and wherein the weight measuring means measures the weight of the sediment carried out of the chamber, and measures the weight of the mud material injected into the chamber. An excavated sediment volume measuring device, comprising: means for calculating the actual weight of the unloaded soil by subtracting the weight of the injected mud material from the weight of the unloaded soil. 3. The weight measuring unit according to claim 2 , wherein the weight measuring unit is provided on a bogie that carries out excavated earth and sand, and measures a weight of a sediment loading part of the bogie; and a weight measured by the weight measuring unit. And a calculating unit for subtracting the weight of the sediment loading unit itself from the product and calculating the weight of the loaded unloaded sediment. 4. The excavated earth and sand volume measurement according to claim 1, further comprising a transmission / reception unit for wirelessly transmitting / receiving measurement data between the weight measurement unit and the volume calculation unit. apparatus. 5. The transmission antenna according to claim 1, wherein the specific gravity measuring means includes: a memory in which a relationship between a specific permittivity and a specific gravity of earth and sand is stored in advance; And a receiving antenna; a first calculating unit that calculates a relative permittivity of the soil of the face based on a surface propagation wave propagating between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna; and a memory that calculates the relative permittivity based on the calculated relative permittivity. And a second calculating unit for calculating the specific gravity of the excavated earth and sand with reference to the data stored in the excavated earth and sand. 6. Earth and sand excavated by a shield machine
In a measuring device for measuring the volume of Weight measuring means for measuring the weight of the earth and sand, Specific gravity measuring means for measuring the specific gravity of the earth and sand, Calculate the excavation volume based on the measured weight and specific gravity
Volume calculation means; Including Measurement data is provided between the weight measuring means and the volume calculating means.
Data transmission / reception means
An excavated earth and sand volume measuring device characterized by the above-mentioned.