JPS59194942A - Operation of unloader - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To always control loading properly by measuring the excavation depth over the excavation width which the scratching-off part is to excavate by scanning a distance detector and adjusting the transfer speed, excavation depth, etc. of a bucket conveyor according to the sectional areas of excavation obtained from the excavation depth. CONSTITUTION:A distance detector 8 for detecting the distance to the surface of a bulk material (m) is installed onto a conveyor casing 1 which accommodates and supports a bucket conveyor 2, and the transmission and receiving parts of the sensor are oscillated by a scanning means so that at least the distance H over the excavation width W in the direction of excavation of a scratching-off part 3 can be measured. The depth L of excavation of the scratching- off part 3 at each point on the excavation width W is obtained from the output of the sensor 8, and the average value of excavation depth is obtained, and the sectional area S of excavation which the scratching-off part 3 is to excavate is calculated from the above-described value, etc. Then, the loading amount is adjusted by varying the transfer speed, excavation depth, bucket feeding speed, etc. of the bucket conveyor 2 according to the sectional area S of excavation.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The excavation cross-sectional area scraped by the scraping part of the packet conveyor is determined by the movement of the scraping part, and the moving speed of the packet conveyor is changed according to this value to handle the transported objects. The present invention relates to a method of operating an unloader that allows appropriate cargo handling control and achieves quantitative cargo handling even if the surface of the load is uneven by adjusting the amount.

An unloader is a device for unloading cargo in a ship's hold, and a device using a packet conveyor is known for scraping loose materials such as coal and ore, powder, etc. from a ship's hold. FIG. 1 shows this type of packet conveyor type unloader. As shown in the figure, loose materials b such as coal in the hold a are excavated or scraped off by the scraping part d at the lower end of the packet conveyor C, and then conveyed to the upper part of the hold, and then conveyed to the upper part of the hold by the subsequent conveyor e, etc. It will be sent and landed.

However, in such a continuous unloader, the amount of cargo handled varies depending on the loading state of bulk materials, the angle of repose, the operating method of the packet conveyor, etc. When the range of fluctuation in the amount of cargo handling is large, it is necessary to increase the capacity of equipment such as the packet conveyor c and the subsequent conveyor e1 stacker in order to cope with this fluctuation, resulting in an increase in the size of the equipment.

Therefore, in the past, a level meter was installed on the packet conveyor to detect the surface level of the loose materials, and the excavation depth at which the packets would scrape off the bulk materials was determined by this, and the traveling speed of the packet conveyor was determined according to this excavation depth. A method has been proposed to achieve quantitative cargo handling by changing the amount of cargo (Japanese Patent Application Nos. 51-59036 and 59037-1982).

However, in this method, the level measurement on the surface of bulk materials using a level meter is a measurement at one point in front of the traveling direction of the packet conveyor, and is based on the excavation depth of only one point with an excavation width where the packets scrape off the bulk materials. to control the running speed. The surface of the bulk materials loaded in Totoro's cargo hold is usually quite uneven, so the estimated amount of scraping by the packet based on the excavation depth determined by one-point measurement is based on the actual scraping by the packet. The estimated amount of removal will not match the amount of removal, and the estimated amount of removal will be larger than the actual amount of removal.

Therefore, with this operation control method, quantitative cargo handling cannot be performed except in special cases where the surface level of bulk materials is constant.

The present invention has been devised to effectively solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and the purpose of the present invention is to improve loading conditions such as irregularities on the surface of conveyed objects such as bulk goods, or a method of operating a packet conveyor. It is an object of the present invention to provide an unloader operating method that can always perform appropriate cargo handling control and achieve quantitative cargo handling regardless of the load handling.

According to the present invention, the above object is achieved by the following configuration. That is, the packet conveyor is provided with a distance detection sensor that detects the distance to the surface of the transported object, such as loaded bulk items, and the distance detection sensor is scanned by a scanning means to move the scraping section of the packet conveyor. The distance to the surface of the transported object is detected over the excavation width that the scraping unit scrapes, and the distance to the surface of the transported object over the excavation width obtained from the distance detection sensor is set in advance and known scraping is performed. The excavation depth of the scraping section is calculated from the distance to the lower end, and the excavation cross-sectional area that the scraping section scrapes is determined from this calculated excavation depth. The amount of cargo to be transported is adjusted by changing the moving speed of the packet conveyor, the digging depth, etc.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In Fig. 2, 1 is a conveyor casing that accommodates and supports the packet conveyor 2;
From the lower end, a scraping section 3 at the lower end of the packet conveyor 2, which is disposed vertically along the conveyor casing 1, extends. The scraping unit 3 of the packet conveyor 2 includes a chain 4, a sprocket 5 around which the chain 4 is wound, and packets 6 that are attached to the chain 4 at appropriate intervals and are circulated together with the chain 4. The packet 6 moving on the lower side scrapes off loose materials m such as coal.

Further, the scraping section 3 of the packet conveyor 2 moves and excavates the bulk material m as the conveyor casing 1 travels, but this excavation direction is the direction in which the scraping section 3 scrapes or feeds the packets 6. facing in various directions relative to 7. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the excavation direction of the scraping section 3 is based on the packet feeding direction 7, and the same direction is forward cut A.
1 Back cut in the opposite direction B1 Side cut in the right angle direction C
and a diagonal cut in a diagonal direction which is a combination of these.

The conveyor casing 1 is provided with a distance detection sensor 8 that detects the distance to the surface of the bulk material m. The distance detection sensors 8 are attached to the lower part of each outer side of the conveyor casing 1 so as to project outward in the radial direction via connecting tubes 9 .

The distance detection sensor 8 transmits and receives laser or ultrasonic waves to measure the vertical distance H from the sensor 8 to the surface of the loose object m.
As shown in FIG. 4, the sensor transmitting/receiving section is equipped with a scanning means (not shown) so that the distance H can be measured over at least the excavation width W of the take-up section 3 in the excavation direction. ) so that it can be scanned by swinging it.

Since the structure is as described above, if the sensor 8 located in front of the scraping section 3 in the excavation direction is swung to detect the vertical distance H to the surface of the loose material m at each point over the excavation width W, the sensor 8 Since the vertical distance to the lower end of the scraping section 3 is known, the excavation depth L of the scraping section 3 at each point of the excavation width W can be determined from the difference between these. Therefore, in order to calculate the average depth from the excavation depth L at each point of the excavation width W, the excavation cross-sectional area S (indicated by diagonal lines in FIG. part) can be calculated. in this way,
Since the excavation depth L over the excavation width W is measured, an accurate excavation cross-sectional area S can be obtained even if the surface of the bulk material m is uneven. By changing the moving speed, etc., highly accurate cargo handling control is possible. Furthermore, since the sensor 8 is configured to scan, only a small number of sensors are required. In addition, depending on the cutting method and moving speed of the packet conveyor 2, the amount of raking (-excavation cross section x moving speed of the packet conveyor x bulk specific gravity of bulk material) /
Although the ratio of cargo handling amount is different, sensors 8 are provided in each direction,
By setting the ratio of scraping amount/cargo handling amount in advance, the moving speed of the packet conveyor 2, the winding speed of the packet 60, the excavation depth of the scraping section 3, etc. can be automatically controlled at all times. This allows for a certain amount of cargo handling.

By the way, as shown in FIG. 5, when the scraping section 3 is excavated in the diagonal cut direction D, the sensors 8, 8 located on both sides in the D direction are used to measure the excavation width W in the excavation direction. The measurement of the excavation depth L for the right side portion and the left side portion is divided and carried out. In this case, the laser waves of the sensors 8, 8,
The direction in which the ultrasonic waves are oscillated may be oscillated at right angles to the D direction.

In the above embodiment, the main body of the distance detection sensor 8 is fixed, but the distance detection sensor 8 is configured to be movable along the outer periphery of the conveyor casing 1, and the distance detection sensor 8 is moved when the conveyor casing 1 is excavated. The vertical distance H may be detected by moving to a position forward in the direction. In this case, the number of sensors 8 can be further reduced.

In addition, the belt conveyor etc. following the packet conveyor 2, etc.
If you install a weighing device such as a conveyor scale that measures the amount of bulk material transported, and if you configure the control system to feed back the cargo handling amount signal from the weighing device and correct the ratio of the amount of scraping/the amount of material handled, accuracy can be maintained at all times. Good quantitative cargo handling can be maintained. Furthermore,
Although the packet conveyor 2 in the above embodiment was an O-type, the packet conveyor 2 may be a tilting type, an L-type, a V-type as shown in FIGS. 6, 7, and 8, respectively, or a composite of these. The present invention is applicable to an unloader using any type of packet conveyor, such as a type of packet conveyor. For example, in the L-shaped packet conveyor 2,
Distance detection sensors 8 having the above configuration are provided respectively at the front and the rear of the scraping section 3 in the turning direction.

In summary, according to the present invention, the distance detection sensor is scanned by the scanning means to measure the excavation depth over the excavation width scraped by the scraping section, and the excavation cross-sectional area scraped by the scraping section is calculated from the excavation depth. The amount of cargo to be handled is adjusted by changing the moving speed of the packet conveyor, digging depth, packet feeding speed, etc. according to this accurate excavation cross-sectional area. However, accurate cargo handling control can be performed at all times, and quantitative cargo handling can be achieved. Furthermore, since the distance detection sensor is configured to scan the excavation width using a scanning means, a small number of distance detection sensors are sufficient, and processing such as calculating the excavation cross-sectional area based on the signal from the sensor is simple. It is easy to implement and highly useful.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a conventional unloader, Fig. 2 is a front view showing an embodiment of the packet conveyor portion of an unloader for implementing the present invention, and Fig. 3 is a -
4 is a side view of the unloader of FIG. 2, FIG. 5 is a view of the unloader shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a front view showing other embodiments of the packet conveyor according to the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a conveyor casing, 2 is a packet conveyor, 3 is a scraping part, 4 is a chain, 5 is a sprocket, 6 is a packet, 8 is a distance detection sensor, m is a loose object, H is a loose object from the distance detection sensor The vertical distance to the surface, L is the excavation depth, W is the excavation width, and S is the excavation cross-sectional area. Patent Applicant Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. Representative Patent Attorney Nobuo Kinuya Figure 8

Claims (1)

[Claims] In the method of operating an unloader, the unloader is equipped with a packet conveyor that has a scraping section at its lower end for scraping off objects to be transported such as loose objects, and transports the objects scraped by the scraping section upward. A distance detection sensor attached to the packet conveyor is scanned by a scanning means to detect the distance to the surface of the stacked objects to be conveyed, and the scraping section is moved by the movement of the scraping section. The distance to the surface of the transported object over the excavation width being scraped is detected, and the distance to the surface of the transported object over the excavation width obtained from the distance detection sensor and the preset and known distance to the lower end of the scraping are detected. The excavation depth of the scraping section is calculated from this, the excavation cross-sectional area that the scraping section scrapes is determined from the calculated excavation depth, and the moving speed of the packet conveyor is determined according to the calculated excavation cross-sectional area. A method of operating an unloader, characterized in that the amount of cargo to be transported is adjusted by changing the amount of material to be transported.