JP3136456B2 - Direction control device for tunnel excavator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a direction control device for a tunnel excavator, and more particularly to a direction control device for a tunnel excavator that controls the direction of tunnel excavation such as a shield machine or a full-section tunnel excavator.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in tunnel excavation, various tunnel excavators for excavating and propelling the entire cross section of a tunnel at once have been developed. The representative ones are a shield machine and a full-section tunneling machine. In these tunnel excavators, an excavator having a size approximately equal to the tunnel diameter is installed at the face position, and excavation is performed by the propulsion means mounted while cutting the face mountain with a cutter mounted on a face plate of the excavator. It has become. In a shield (in this specification, various types of shield machines used in the shield method are collectively referred to as a shield). A predetermined number of shield jacks are protruded at predetermined intervals circumferentially in the shield body for propulsion. It is arranged. Then, in order to accurately propel the shield along the designed tunnel route, each shield jack is operated accurately to apply thrust to the entire shield, and the direction is controlled so as to face a predetermined traveling direction.

By the way, the thrust, the number of used jacks, the arrangement, and the like of the shield jack mounted on the shield are designed in advance in consideration of the plane curve, longitudinal gradient, and the like of the target tunnel route. And when excavating a curved section at the time of construction or if the shield is deflected for some reason, use only a part of the shield jack and push the whole shield toward the predetermined route by so-called single push. Has become. For example, if you want to move the shield to the left with respect to the traveling direction, stop the left jack with respect to the traveling direction, extend the right jack by a predetermined amount, and turn the moment of the whole shield to the left, A rotational moment is generated around the center of rotation of the shield to change the direction of the shield.

[0004] Further, a tunnel machine (hereinafter referred to as TBM (Tunnel)) is used for tunneling of soft rock to hard rock.
Boring Machine). ), The gripper mechanism built into the body of the excavator is extended from the center of the tunnel cross section in the normal direction to take a reaction force on the rock surface of the tunnel pit wall, and the built-in thrust jack is extended in the direction of excavation, and the front body While pushing the face plate on which the cutter is mounted against the face, and driving the cutter to excavate while crushing the face rock. Generally, in geology where tunneling is performed using a TBM, the rock face of the face is hard and the jacking capacity per thrust jack used is large.

[0005]

In the tunnel excavator such as the shield or the TBM described above, the jacking load at the time of the direction correction and the like is taken into consideration, and both the propulsion jack and the propulsion jack have an excessively large thrust than required for normal excavation. Is used. In addition, the jack arrangement must be installed at a fine pitch more than the number required for excavation in consideration of eccentricity and jack balance at the time of direction correction, which tends to be excessive equipment and equipment is very expensive. There is a problem. At the time of construction, when excavating in soft viscous ground with a shield, even if you try to change the direction of excavation of the shield by partially operating the shield jack, the peripheral friction of the skin plate will increase, There is a problem that a moment cannot be obtained, and direction control becomes difficult. In addition, when soft ground appears in the lower half of the face, the nose-down may occur due to the weight of the shield. In such a case, it is necessary to generate an upward moment that overcomes the downward moment caused by the weight of the shield by jack operation.However, if the face is weak, it is not possible to take a sufficient reaction force and the shield The direction may not be corrected.

On the other hand, in the TBM, since the thrust borne by one thrust jack is large, it is difficult to propel the TBM by pushing the thrust jack on one side alone, and the TBM cannot be continuously propelled while controlling the direction. Efficient direction control could not be performed.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and to provide a direction control means separately from a propulsion jack in tunnel excavation to easily control the excavation direction of a tunnel excavator. An object of the present invention is to provide a direction control device for a tunnel excavator that has been ensured.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for projecting a part of an excavator body from an outer peripheral surface thereof and adjusting a pressing force of the projecting part against a tunnel pit wall. A plurality of directional control jacks for adjusting the position of the excavator body in a plane perpendicular to the tunnel propulsion direction, a movable gantry for supporting the directional control jack in the excavator body, and fixed in the excavator body And a jack supporting member that supports the movable gantry movably in the tunnel axis direction via a rolling bearing portion, and the protruding portion of the direction control jack presses the tunnel according to the propulsion operation of the excavator body. The movable gantry moves on the jack support member so that the pit wall position does not move, so that the adjusted position of the excavator body is maintained.

[0009]

According to the present invention, a plurality of directional control jacks are supported by a movable gantry movable in the tunnel axis direction and are arranged at predetermined intervals in the excavator by jack supporting members fixed and supported in the excavator body. A part of the direction control jack is protruded from the outer peripheral surface of the excavator, and the protruding portion adjusts the pressing force for pressing the tunnel pit wall to adjust the pressing force of the excavator body in a plane perpendicular to the tunnel propulsion direction. Since the position adjustment is performed, the movable gantry is moved through the rolling support so that the position of the tunnel wall pressed by the protrusion of the direction control jack does not move with the propulsion operation of the excavator body. By moving on the support member, the adjusted position of the excavator main body is maintained, so that the direction control of the tunnel excavator in the excavation direction can be easily performed.

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a direction control apparatus for a tunnel excavator according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view schematically showing an entire shield excavating underground for explaining a direction control device of a tunnel excavator according to the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a shield main body, and a disk-shaped cutter head 2 is provided at the tip of the shield main body 1.
Are rotatably supported, and a part of the skin plate 3 covering the shield body 1 is cut away to show the direction control device 4 according to the present invention. At each of the top, both sides, and the bottom of the outer peripheral surface of the skin plate 3, four long holes 5 are formed, and each of the openings 5 constitutes a part of the direction control device 4. The ram 7 of the directional control jack 6 protrudes. As shown in FIG. 2, the direction control jack 6 is a direct-acting jack in which the ram 7 can expand and contract in the normal direction from the center of the cross section of the shield. When extended, the ground at the outer peripheral position of the shield can be reliably pressed. The cylinder 6a of the direction control jack 6 is accommodated in the movable gantry 8. Further, the movable gantry 8 is slidably accommodated in a jack support frame 9 serving as a jack support member by the expansion and contraction operation of the slide jack 10. The jack support frame 9 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape whose width is slightly wider than the movable gantry 8.
Is fixed to the inner surface 3a. FIG. 2 shows a part of the segment 11 assembled at the tail part of the shield body 1.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the inside of the shield main body 1 for explaining the configuration of the direction control device 4. In addition, in the figure, illustration of the earth-moving device, the segment assembly erector, and the like are omitted for simplification of the figure. The cutter head 2 is rotatably supported by a bearing 13 via a center shaft 12, rotates with a predetermined torque by a rotational driving force transmitted from the turning motor (not shown) transmitted to the center shaft 12, and has a cutter bit ( (Not shown)
This allows the excavation of the face. Further, as shown in FIG. 1B, direction control devices 4 are provided at four positions on the inner surface 3a of the skin plate 3 of the gutter portion of the shield body 1 located at the back position of the cutter head 2, as shown in FIG. The direction control device 4 is composed of members described in detail below, and by its operation, can control the direction so as to propel the shield body 1 as a tunnel excavator in a predetermined direction. The direction control device 4 is fixed to the inner surface 3a of the skin plate 3 of the gutter portion of the shield body 1 via the jack support frame 9 as described above.
The jack support frame 9 is constructed by assembling a steel plate having a thickness such that each part does not deform even when receiving the reaction force of the direction control jack 6 and the slide jack 10 described above.
The dimensions are set so that the movable gantry 8 and the bearing pedestal 15 that supports the movable gantry 8 slidably in the tunnel axis direction can be accommodated therein.

Here, the configuration of the movable gantry 8 will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the movable base 8 is a box-shaped member assembled from a steel plate, and a cylinder 6a of a direction control jack 6 is fixed to a bottom plate at a central position separated by webs 8a and 8b. Further, an opening 16 is formed in the end face 8c opposite to the face side.
The rod 17 of the slide jack 10 is inserted from above, and the rod tip 17a is fixed to the web 8b. On the other hand, the cylinder portion of the slide jack 10 is fixedly supported on the inner surface 9a at the rear end of the jack support frame 9,
Due to the expansion and contraction of the rod 17 of the slide jack 10, the movable gantry 8 can slide in the jack support frame 9 in the tunnel axis direction. Slide jack 10
When the rod 17 is retracted, it is accommodated in the movable gantry 8 through the opening 16, and in this state, the ram 7 of the directional control jack 6 is located farthest from the face side. The rod 17
Is in the most extended state, the ram 7 of the directional control jack 6 is located closest to the face.

At this time, a bearing pedestal 15 serving as a rolling support is provided on the lower surface of the movable gantry 8 in order to smooth the slide of the movable gantry 8. In the jack support frame 9 at the top of the shield shown in FIG. 2, the bearing base 15 is installed so that the movable base 8 can slide on the floor of the jack support frame 9, and the jack support frame at the shield bottom position is provided. In 9, the movable gantry 8 is installed at a position where it can slide while being pressed by the box-shaped top plate. The bearing pedestal 15
May be laid in the jack support frame 9 as a floor-like structure, and the movable gantry 8 may slide thereon.
In addition to the steel ball bearing, various means for movably supporting the movable gantry, such as roller bearings, can be applied to the bearing pedestal.

As described above, the direction control jack 6 mounted on the movable gantry 8 is mounted on the skin plate 3 of the shield body 1.
A part of the ram 7 protrudes from the opening 5 formed at the bottom. Therefore, the ram 7 of the direction control jack 6
Can move its position in the longitudinal direction within the opening 5 within a range in which the movable base 8 can slide. Further, the seal members 20 and 21 are provided between the inner surface of the skin plate 3 near the opening, the sliding portion of the ram 7 of the direction control jack 6 accommodated in the movable frame 8 and the movable frame 8 and the inner surface of the skin plate 3. It is installed. This prevents the ram 7 of the direction control jack 6 from expanding and contracting, and prevents the earth and sand or groundwater from the ground from entering the jack support frame 9 and the shield body 1 when the movable gantry 8 slides inside the jack support frame 9. can do. Note that, as shown in FIG. 3, when the movable gantry 8 slides to any of the front and rear ends in the jack support frame 9, the outer surface plate 8 d facing the inner surface 3 a of the skin plate 3 is opened. It is needless to say that the size is not limited to the box shape as illustrated as long as the size can close the portion 5.

The directional control device 4 provided in this manner is controlled by a hydraulic control unit (not shown) to control the directional control jack 6 at each position.
And the slide jack 10 can be operated independently, and the ground can be pressed only by the specific direction control jack 6, or the pressing point of the ground can be changed by operating the slide jack 10. As shown in FIG. 2B, the shield jack 23 for propelling the shield body 1 is disposed at a position where the direction control device 4 is not installed at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction. Therefore, in the shield having the direction control jack 6, the rod tip 23a of the shield jack 23 can be brought into contact with the end face of the segment 11 and propelled with a reaction force, similarly to the conventional shield.

Here, as a modified example of the bearing pedestal 15 described above, the direction control device 4 in which the form of supporting the movable gantry 8 is changed.
Will be described with reference to FIG. The purpose of the bearing pedestal 15 is to allow the movable gantry 8 in the jack support frame 9 to slide smoothly. However, as shown in FIG. 2 (b), when the reaction force from the ground is not applied or is small, the rolling effect of the bearing pedestal 15 can be sufficiently exhibited in the bearing pedestal 15 installed at the lateral position and the bottom position of the shield. May not slide smoothly. In such a case, it is preferable to additionally arrange the bearing pedestal 15 on the surface that always supports the movable gantry 8. FIGS. 4B and 4C show this modified example.

The direction control device 4 (see FIG. 4A) provided on the top of the shield body 1 may have the same configuration as the support type shown in FIG. Only the bearing pedestal 15A (hereinafter, referred to as 15A to distinguish it from the second bearing pedestal 15B arranged to support the movable gantry 8) is arranged. As shown in FIG. 4B, in the direction control device 4 provided at the side position of the shield, the side of the movable gantry 8 is on the lower side, so it is preferable to provide the second bearing pedestal 15B at this position. The second bearing pedestal 15
Instead of B, a friction reducing member such as a tetrafluoroethylene resin typified by Teflon (registered trademark) is adhered to the sliding support surface, and the movable base 8 can be smoothly slid by the friction reducing member. good.

FIG. 1C is a sectional view showing a state in which the direction control device 4 installed on the bottom of the shield is supported. In the figure, an upward ground reaction force acts on the ram 7 of the direction control jack 6 from the tunnel wall below, and this ground reaction force is jacked via a bearing pedestal 15A provided on the upper surface of the movable base 8. It is transmitted to the support frame 9. At this time, when the ground reaction force is small, the movable gantry 8 is preferably slidably supported in the jack support frame 9 by the second bearing pedestal 15B because its own weight becomes dominant. The second bearing pedestal 15B is located between the support flange 8e formed on a part of the outer surface of the movable gantry 8 and the inner surface 3a of the skin plate 3, and is disposed on both sides of the movable gantry 8 8 is supported so as to be slidable with good balance.

Next, a modified example of the method of driving the ram 7 of the direction control jack 6 to expand and contract will be described with reference to FIG. The directional control jack 6 used in the present invention is a direct acting jack having a jack structure in which the diameter of the ram 7 is larger than the jack stroke and the jack stroke is relatively short. By the way, in order for the movable frame 8 to slide smoothly, it is preferable to avoid partial stress concentration due to the jack reaction force. Therefore, it is preferable to provide a jack 31 having a link mechanism 30 as shown in FIG. In this case, the jack 31 is placed horizontally, and the ram 7 can be expanded and contracted by an operation as shown by the arrow in the figure. At this time, it is also possible to reduce the jacking ability by the shape of the link arm constituting the link mechanism 30.

FIG. 6 shows, as a modification, a movable gantry 8 in which the sealing effect is enhanced. In the movable base 8 shown in FIG. 3, the outer plate 8d serves as a cover for closing the opening 5 of the skin plate 3 from the inside, and the seal member 2 attached to the end of the outer plate 8d.
0 prevents earth and sand and groundwater from entering the jack support frame 9. However, due to the structure, earth and sand and groundwater easily accumulate on the outer surface plate 8d of the opening 5, and if the movable gantry 8 repeatedly slides in this state, the deterioration of the seal member tends to progress. Therefore, in the movable gantry 8 of the present modification, the outer plate 8d is connected to the outer plate 8d via the central opening 33, and the open end of the skin plate 3 is sandwiched between the outer plate 32 and the outer plate 8d. And At this time, the ram 7 reciprocates while passing through the central opening 33.

According to the movable base 8, the outer cover plate 3
2 completely covers the opening 5 formed in the skin plate 3 from the outside, so that soil and the like do not enter the opening 5. Further, a rubber ring seal member 34 having a D-shaped cross section is fitted into the central opening 33 so as to be in close contact with the outer peripheral surface of the ram 7 and to reliably prevent earth and sand and groundwater from entering from this portion. Further, a tail seal 3 is provided at the end of the jacket plate 32.
5 is mounted so that earth and sand and the like do not flow into the gap between the skin plate 3 and the skin plate 3.

Next, an operation procedure for controlling the direction in the shield provided with the direction control device 4 according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 7A is a schematic plan view schematically showing the direction control device 4 inside the shield main body 1 and a part of the segment 11 that has already been assembled. Therefore, the illustrated directional control device 4 includes left and right directional control devices 4 mounted on the side of the shield body 1.
(Hereinafter, when the description is made with distinction between left and right, subscripts of right side: R and left side: L are added). FIG. 7A shows an initial state before the directional control is performed. In this state, the ram 7 is in a degenerate state in both the directional control jacks 6 on both sides, and the clearance between the shield and the tunnel wall T is left and right. Are almost equal to each other. A description will be given of an example of directional control in which the shield is propelled leftward from this state as indicated by the arrow in the figure.

Here, the direction control device 4 performs an operation of turning the shield to the left. First, as shown in FIG. 7 (b), the ram 7R is extended by the operation of the right direction control jack 6R, and the ram 7 strongly presses the tunnel pit wall T.
As a result, the shield body 1 is pressed against the left tunnel wall T, and the clearance between the shield body 1 and the right tunnel wall T is about twice that in the state shown in FIG. At this time, the slide jack 10 that slides the movable gantry 8 in the tunnel axis direction is released from the hydraulic pressure, and is in a state where it can be extended without load following the movement of the movable gantry 8.

From this state, the cutter head 2 is driven to rotate to perform face excavation, and the shield jack 23 is extended to propel the shield body 1. The shield body 1 moves forward with the extension of the shield jack 23, but the tip of the ram 7 of the left and right direction control jack 6 is
In a state where a predetermined position is pressed. At this time, since the direction control jack 6 is fixedly held by the movable gantry 8 and the movable gantry 8 itself is slidably accommodated in the jack support frame 9 via the bearing pedestal 15, with the advance of the shield body 1, Direction control jack 6
The ram 7 position relatively retreats the opening 5. In this state, the rod 17 of the slide jack 10 can be retracted under no load because no hydraulic pressure is applied in this state, so that the movable gantry 8 does not hinder sliding in the direction opposite to the face.

FIG. 7C shows a state in which the ram 7 of the direction control jack 6 is retracted to a substantially central position of the opening 5 as the shield main body 1 advances. Further, FIG.
The excavation of one span (D) is completed and the direction control jack 6
Of the ram 7 has reached the rear end of the opening 5. In this state, the shield is eccentric to the left by d (this size is almost equal to the clearance between the shield and the ground at the time of excavation) in the tunnel width direction while traveling by D from the state of FIG. Excavation is complete. In this manner, the shield can be decentered in a predetermined direction for each excavation of one span, and the path of the shield can be bent.

FIG. 8 shows the movable base 8 and the direction control jack 6.
FIG. 7 is an operation explanatory diagram showing the return operation of FIG. As shown in FIG. 7D, when the excavation of one span is completed, the ram 7 of the directional control jack 6 is retracted (see FIG. 8A), and the rod of the slide jack 10 is extended to move the gantry. 8 is slid to the tip position in the jack support frame 9 (see FIG. 8B). It is only necessary to repeat the above-described operation procedure and continue digging while turning the shield in a predetermined direction.

In order to apply the directional control device according to the present invention to the TBM, a movable gantry for fixing and holding the front gripper for pressing the tunnel pit wall is provided in the TBM, and the movable gantry can be moved in the axial direction of the tunnel. By supporting, direction control can be easily performed. The direction control device can be effectively operated even when thrust propulsion is performed when the target ground is healthy rock and shield propulsion is performed when the target ground is crushed ground.

In the case of excavating a sharply curved section in any of the tunnel excavator of the shield type and the TBM type, the turning moment of the excavator is increased by the directional control device according to the present invention, and the inside of the shield body or the TBM main body is increased. It is preferable to mount a center-bent jack in the inside and to make the cutter head eccentric or bent by a predetermined angle to reduce the excavator turning radius.

[0029]

As apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, the direction of the tunnel excavator can be reliably controlled by the operation of the directional control jack, and the capability of the propulsion jack can be made appropriate. This has the effect of improving the construction performance of the device and reducing the machine cost.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially exploded perspective view showing an embodiment of a direction control device for a tunnel excavator according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing an example of the direction control device shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of the direction control device shown in FIG. 2 in an enlarged manner.

FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged sectional view showing a modification of the bearing pedestal of the direction control device.

FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged sectional view showing a modification of the direction control jack of the direction control device.

FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a modification of the moving gantry of the direction control device.

FIG. 7 is an operation explanatory diagram showing an operation procedure of direction control by the direction control device of the tunnel excavator according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an operation explanatory diagram showing an operation procedure of direction control by the direction control device of the tunnel excavator according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shield main body 3 Skin plate 4 Direction control device 5 Opening 6,31 Direction control jack 7 Ram 8 Moving stand 9 Reaction force receiving box 10 Slide jack 15, 15A, 15B Bearing pedestal 20, 21, 34 Seal member

Continuation of the front page (56) References Japanese Utility Model Sho-59-19695 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E21D 9/06 301 E21D 9/10

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. An excavator body having a part protruding from an outer peripheral surface thereof, the projecting portion adjusting a pressing force for pressing the tunnel pit wall to adjust the pressing force of the excavator body in a plane perpendicular to the tunnel propulsion direction. A plurality of directional control jacks for performing position adjustment; a movable gantry for supporting the directional control jack in the excavator main body; and a fixedly supported in the excavator main body, and the movable gantry is connected to a rolling axis via a tunnel axis. A jack supporting member movably supporting the jack in the direction of the excavator main body, and the movable gantry supports the jack so that the position of the tunnel wall pressed by the projecting portion of the direction control jack does not move. Move on the member,
A direction control device for a tunnel excavator, wherein the adjusted position of the excavator body is maintained.