JP4892768B1 - Shield type tunnel excavator and tunnel excavation method - Google Patents

Abstract

[PROBLEMS] To enable early visual inspection of ground conditions for rock reinforcement, etc. at a position closer to the face, enabling removal of the rock debris at an early stage, relieving tightening due to rock debris, and boring at a position near the face It is possible to collect rocks close to the excavation cross-section, and to provide a shield type tunnel excavator that can be injected for strengthening the support capacity in weak ground.
A cutter head, a drive unit that supports and drives the cutter head, a digging reaction force support unit that secures a digging reaction force against the drive unit, and a driving force applied to the drive unit. A shield-type tunnel having a propelling portion 18 to be applied and a trunk portion 20 including at least a front trunk portion 32 and a rear trunk portion 36 covering the driving portion 14, the excavation reaction force support portion 16 and the propulsion portion 18 behind the cutter head 12. In the excavation machine 10, an openable and closable opening 62 having a size that allows people to enter and exit is provided at a position close to the face 24 at the upper portion of the front trunk portion 32.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a shield-type tunnel excavator and a tunnel excavation method, and in particular, a shield-type tunnel capable of observing natural ground properties and reinforcing natural ground at a position close to the face, and can easily reduce tightening of the airframe due to rock slip. The present invention relates to an excavator and a tunnel excavation method.

  Generally, a tunnel excavator called TBM is used for a mountain tunnel.

  Current TBM types are broadly divided into open TBMs and shielded TBMs.

  Among open TBMs, there are an open type TBM and an improved open type TBM.

  The open type TBM is a main beam type, and propulsion is performed by a thrust jack and a main gripper.

  Although it may be equipped with a roof support and a short outer shell, there is no outer shell for the entire body.

  The shield-type TBM has an outer shell that is the entire length of the main body and includes a plurality of trunks.

  The main gripper is built in the main body, and in addition to propulsion by the thrust jack and main gripper, it is often equipped with an erector and tail for assembling a liner, segment, etc. at the rear of the aircraft. Can also be promoted.

  And this function expanded TBM application geology.

  The improved open-type TBM incorporates the advantages of both open-type and shield-type TBM types. The open-type TBM is based on the open-type TBM. Sometimes assembled, it is equipped with an auxiliary propulsion jack that secures the reaction force from the liner.

JP 2007-314939 A

  Open type TBM has a roof, etc., but the outer shell is very short, so the ground condition can be grasped at a position close to the face, and when it is necessary to reinforce the ground, it is relatively close to the face at an early stage. However, it is difficult to secure a place for workers to evacuate due to the inability to install segments and liners, while it has the advantage of being able to install support works and ground reinforcement. It is difficult to prevent, and since there is no auxiliary propulsion jack, there is a drawback that propulsion is not possible except for reinforcing the ground on the gripper surface in the case of multiple cracks and soft ground layers.

  In addition, the improved open TBM can be used to grasp ground conditions, install support structures and reinforce the ground at a position close to the face up to the length of the front torso of the shield type TBM. Even in weak ground where reaction force can no longer be obtained, it has the advantage of assembling the entire circumference liner and segment on the front face of the gripper and propelling its end face as reaction force, but it is a place to evacuate workers unless a liner or segment is installed Therefore, it is difficult to prevent accidents due to falling rocks and falling rocks, and the liner and segment have no tail portion, so that they are more difficult to assemble than shielded TBM.

  The shield type TBM has the full length of the outer shell, so workers can evacuate into the aircraft, prevent accidents from falling rocks and falling rocks, and even in vulnerable ground where gripper reaction force can no longer be obtained. While there is an advantage that liners and segments can be assembled and their end faces can be propelled as reaction force, ground reinforcement by installing support and spraying can only be performed at the rear of the aircraft, and because the captain is long, it is longer than open type TBM The ground cannot be reinforced at an early stage, and it is difficult to grasp the ground properties, and the ground for ground drilling and ground improvement in the preceding boring is greatly separated from the face excavation surface. Since the length of the boring for strengthening is shortened, the number of times of construction is large and the degree of ground investigation closer to the excavation surface and the effect of achieving ground strengthening is reduced. Shear, non-excavation of tightening aircraft by natural ground collapse had the disadvantage of larger than other types.

  The purpose of the present invention is based on the shield type TBM, and by incorporating the advantages of the open type TBM, it is possible to conduct a visual inspection of ground conditions for ground investigation or rock reinforcement early at a position closer to the face. It is possible to monitor the occurrence of rock sludge and remove it when it occurs, relax the tightening by rock sludge, and even if the wings collapse, It is possible to remove earth and sand to drive the excavator from the ground, and furthermore, it is possible to collect rocks close to the excavation cross-section by drilling at a position close to the face, and injection for strengthening support capacity in weak ground etc. An object of the present invention is to provide a shield-type tunnel excavator and a tunnel excavation method that have evolved from an unprecedented shield-type TBM.

(1) In order to achieve the above object, the shield type tunnel excavator of the present invention includes a cutter head, a drive unit that supports and drives the cutter head, and a excavation reaction force support that ensures excavation reaction force against the drive unit. A body part including at least a front body part and a rear body part covering the drive part, the excavation reaction force support part and the propulsion part behind the cutter head In a shield tunneling machine having
An openable and closable opening having a size that allows people to enter and exit is provided at a position close to the face at the upper portion of the front trunk portion.

  According to the present invention, by providing an openable and closable opening at a position close to the face at the upper portion of the front torso, it is possible to perform ground surveys and bedrock early at a position closer to the face. It is possible to visually check the nature of the natural ground for reinforcement, etc., and to monitor the occurrence of rock sludge early and to remove it when it occurs. The soil removal for driving the excavator from the top of the excavator can be performed after ground reinforcement at a position close to the face, and drilling at a position close to the face makes boring near the excavation section the same as the rock collection near the excavation section A long-span survey is possible with a capable boring machine, and injection can be made to strengthen support capacity in fragile ground.

  In this case, it is preferable that the opening is opened and closed by hydraulic driving, electric driving, or manual bolt fastening to provide water-stopping.

(2) In the present invention, in (1), for injecting various injection materials such as a boring survey, ground reinforcement, or a lubricant / foam material at a position close to the face in the upper part of the front trunk portion. A plurality of injection holes that can be opened and closed can be provided.

  By adopting such a configuration, an injection hole is provided at a position close to the opening of (1), so that the guide for drilling and water for drilling can be prevented and the opening can be used more safely than the opening. It will be possible.

  In addition, it is possible to inject lubricant or foam material from the injection hole to assist cutter rotation and thrust, and promote operation.

(3) In the present invention, in (1) or (2), the cutter face plate, the partition wall, and the plurality of body portions of the cutter head are each provided with a plurality of openable and injectable injection valves for injecting various injection materials Can be made.

  With this structure, if rocking, rockfall, falling rocks, and eventually the body is tightened due to the collapse of the face, all or necessary mudging material, foam and other lubricants and rockfall prevention materials are necessary from the cutter to the rear of the machine. By partially injecting accordingly, it is possible to promote the operation by assisting the cutter rotation and thrust by reducing the frictional resistance of the earth and sand that is tightened with the airframe and promoting the fluidity of the earth and sand.

  Moreover, it is also possible to prevent loosening of the natural ground and skin peeling by injecting the injection material between the ground and the outer shell.

(4) In the present invention, in any one of (1) to (3), a plurality of cleaning windows that can be opened and closed can be provided on the plurality of body portions.

  By adopting such a configuration, it is possible to monitor the state of a series of flows from the front of the face to the rear of the aircraft using the cleaning window that is also used for inspection and the state of tightening of the aircraft due to rock shears, etc. Early measures can be taken depending on the condition.

  Further, the cleaning window used for inspection can be cleaned with a high washer and the sediment reservoir in the contracted portion of the trunk portion with vacuum or the like.

(5) A tunnel excavation method of the present invention is a tunnel excavation method using the shield type tunnel excavator according to (1),
While excavating the face with the cutter head while excavating reaction force is secured by the excavation reaction force support part, when propelling force is given by the propulsion part, the body tightening due to rock slippage or ground collapse and When observation, natural ground reinforcement, etc. are necessary,
A process of stopping excavation of the face by the cutter head;
Opening the opening provided at a position close to the face at the upper part of the front trunk part;
A process of removing necessary rock debris from the open opening, observing natural ground properties or reinforcing natural ground,
After the work is finished, closing the opening and restarting excavation;
It is characterized by including.

  According to the present invention, at the upper part of the front torso, by providing an opening that can be opened and closed in a position close to the face, an opening and closing opening that is closer to the face makes it possible to reinforce the bedrock earlier. It can be visually inspected for natural ground condition, can remove rock debris at an early stage, eases tightening due to rock debris, enables boring at a position close to the face, and has the same capacity as rock mass collection near the excavation section. If it is a boring machine, it is possible to investigate long spans and inject for strengthening support capability in fragile ground.

(6) In the present invention, in (5), for injecting various injection materials such as a boring survey, ground reinforcement, or a lubricant / foam material at a position close to the face in the upper part of the front trunk portion. Multiple injection holes that can be opened and closed are provided,
It is possible to include a step of injecting a lubricant or foam material from the injection hole to assist cutter rotation and thrust and promote operation.

  By adopting such a configuration, by providing an injection hole at a position close to the opening, it is possible to inject lubricant, foam material, etc. from the injection hole to assist cutter rotation and thrust, and promote operation. It becomes possible.

It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the shield type tunnel excavator concerning one embodiment of the present invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the state which open | released the opening part of FIG. 1 and is performing the operation | work using a boring machine. It is an expanded sectional view of the upper half along the III-III line of FIG. It is an expanded sectional view which follows the IV-IV line of FIG. It is an expanded sectional view which follows the VV line of FIG. FIGS. 4A and 4B are external perspective views of the opening and the injection hole in FIGS. 4 and 5. FIG. 6A is an external perspective view when the opening is closed, and FIG. It is an expanded sectional view of the right half along the VII-YII line of FIG. It is an expanded sectional view of the right half which follows the VIII-VIII line of FIG.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  FIGS. 1-8 is a figure which shows the shield type | mold tunnel excavator concerning one Embodiment of this invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a shield type tunnel excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The shield-type tunnel excavator 10 includes a cutter head 12, a drive unit 14, an excavation reaction force support unit 16, a propulsion unit 18, and a trunk unit 20 (a front trunk unit 32, a middle trunk unit 34, and a rear trunk unit 36). ).

  The cutter head 12 is equipped with a plurality of disk cutters 22 for crushing rocks, and crushes the face 24 by rotating to take in the gap into the chamber 26.

  The drive unit 14 supports and drives the cutter head 12, and the cutter head support bearing 28 provided between the barrel unit 20 (front barrel unit 32) and the barrel unit 20 (front barrel unit 32). And a cutter head driving device 30 provided.

  The excavation reaction force support portion 16 is pressed against the pit wall to secure an excavation reaction force against the drive unit 14 and has a main gripper 40.

  The propulsion unit 18 includes a thrust jack 42 that couples the rear barrel portion 36 that imparts propulsive force to the drive unit 14 and the front barrel portion 32.

  Further, after the excavating reaction force is obtained by the main gripper 40 and propelling force is applied by the thrust jack 42 for excavation, the front trunk portion 32 is used as an expansion / contraction reaction force support portion for returning the expansion / contraction portion of the trunk portion 20 to its original state. A front gripper 38 is provided.

  As described above, the body portion 20 includes a plurality of bodies including the front body portion 32, the middle body portion 34, and the rear body portion 36, and covers the excavation reaction force support portion 16 and the propulsion portion 18.

  A bucket 44 is provided on the front end surface of the front body portion 32 so as to protrude into the chamber 26, and the slip taken into the chamber 26 is lifted upward by the rotation of the cutter head 12 and is put into the bucket 44. It has become.

  The gap thrown into the bucket 44 is supplied to the belt conveyor 46 inserted into the chamber 26 through the bucket 44.

  The belt conveyor 46 is provided over the body portion 20, and the front end portion is inserted into the chamber 26 from the gate device 50 portion formed in the partition wall 48.

  In the gate device 50, the opening 78 formed in the partition wall 48 is covered with a gate plate 80, and the opening 78 can be opened and closed by sliding the gate plate 80 with the opening / closing jack 52.

  Depending on the nature of the ground to be excavated, a screw conveyor (not shown) can be replaced with the gate device 50 instead of the belt conveyor 46.

  Further, an erector 54 is provided in the rear trunk portion 36, and a segment 56 is assembled behind the rear trunk portion 36.

  Further, a shield jack 58 for auxiliary propulsion is provided in the rear trunk portion 36, and a propulsive force can be obtained by using the end face of the assembled segment as a reaction force.

A tail seal 60 is provided at the rear portion of the rear trunk portion 36.
In the present embodiment, a plurality of openable and closable openings 62 that are large enough to allow people to enter and exit are provided in the upper portion of the front body portion 32 and in the vicinity of the face 24.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, four openings 62 are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction of the front body portion 32, and each opening 62 is provided with a lid 64 for opening and closing. 4 and 5, the lid 64 is made slidable in the axial direction of the tunnel by an opening / closing jack 66, and the opening 62 is closed as shown in FIGS. 4 and 6A. Alternatively, the opening 62 can be opened as shown in FIG.

  The opening 62 has a size that allows people to enter and exit, for example, about 1 m square.

  Thus, by providing the opening 62 that can be opened and closed at a position close to the face 24 at the upper portion of the front trunk portion 32, the ground survey can be conducted earlier at a position closer to the face 24. It is possible to visually check the ground conditions for rock reinforcement, etc., and monitor the occurrence of rock sludge early and remove it when it occurs, ease the tightening due to rock sludge, and all wings have collapsed Even in this case, it is possible to remove the earth and sand for driving the excavator from the upper part of the excavator after applying ground reinforcement at a position close to the face, and further, as shown in FIG. 2, a boring machine 68 at a position close to the face 24. If the drilling machine with the same capacity as that of the rock excavation that enables drilling using the drill, and the drilling machine with the same capacity, the long span can be investigated, and injection for strengthening the support capacity in the weak ground will be possible.

  In FIG. 2, reference numeral 82 denotes a guide pipe of a boring machine.

  In addition, as shown in FIGS. 3, 5, and 6, various injection materials such as a boring survey, ground reinforcement, or a lubricant / foam material are injected into the upper portion of the front trunk portion 32 in the vicinity of the face 24. A plurality of injection holes 70 that can be opened and closed are provided.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 6, five injection holes 70 are provided at positions close to the opening 62 so that the ground reinforcing material can be injected at a top end of the excavation cross section of 120 degrees or more. It is like that.

  The number of the injection holes 70 may be 5 or less, or 5 or more, and the injection angle of the ground reinforcing material may be 120 degrees or less at the top end of the excavation cross section.

  Thus, by providing the injection hole 70 at a position close to the opening 62, the guide for boring and drilling water can be prevented and the opening 62 can be used more safely than when the ground collapses.

  In addition, it is possible to inject lubricant or foam material from the injection hole to assist cutter rotation and thrust, and promote operation.

  Further, in the present embodiment, an injection valve 74 that can be opened and closed for injecting various injection materials into the cutter face plate 72, the partition wall 48, and the plurality of body portions 32 to 36 of the cutter head 12, respectively (see FIG. 8). Are provided.

  In this way, when rocking, rockfall, falling rocks, and eventually the body collapses due to the collapse of the face using the injection valve 74, all or all of the lubricant and rockfall prevention materials such as mud, foam, etc. from the cutter to the rear of the machine. By partially injecting as necessary, it is possible to promote the operation by assisting cutter rotation and thrust by reducing the frictional resistance of the earth and sand that is tightened with the airframe and promoting the fluidity of the earth and sand.

  Further, by injecting an injection material between the ground and the trunk portion 20, it is possible to prevent loosening of the natural ground and skin peeling.

  Further, in the present embodiment, a plurality of cleaning windows 76 (see FIGS. 7 and 8) that can be opened and closed are provided in the front body portion 32, the middle body portion 34, and the rear body portion 36, respectively. It has become.

  As described above, the cleaning window 76 that is also used for inspection can monitor the state of the flow of the rock mass from the front of the face 24 to the rear of the aircraft and the state of tightening of the aircraft due to rock sludge, etc. Early measures can be taken.

  Further, the cleaning window 76 that is also used for inspection can be cleaned with a high washer and a sediment reservoir in the contracted portion of the trunk portion 20 with vacuum or the like.

  Next, a tunnel excavation method using the shield type tunnel excavator 10 in the present embodiment will be described.

  First, with the front gripper 38 and the main gripper 40 as the excavation reaction force support portion 16 being pressed against the pit wall to ensure the excavation reaction force, the cutter head 12 is driven to rotate by the drive unit 14, and the cutting head 24 is driven by the cutter head 12. The thrust is applied by the thrust jack 42 of the propulsion unit 18 while excavating.

  Sediment and rock fragments generated by excavation are taken into the chamber 26 from the cutter head 12, supplied to the belt conveyor 46 from the bucket 44 as the cutter head 12 rotates, and discharged from the belt conveyor to the outside of the mine by a Zuritro transport vehicle. Will be.

  And when this excavation, when it is necessary to tighten the fuselage due to rock crushing or collapse of a natural ground, observe natural ground properties, reinforce natural ground, etc., first, the excavation of the face 24 by the cutter head 12 is stopped. .

  Next, first, the injection hole 70 is opened, the state of sediment collapse is observed, safety is confirmed, and an opening 62 provided at a position close to the face 24 is slightly above the front trunk portion 32. Release one by one.

  In this case, the lid 62 is operated in the opening direction by the opening / closing jack 66 to open the opening 62.

  Next, operations such as removal of necessary rock sludge, observation of natural ground properties, or natural ground reinforcement are performed from the opened openings 62.

  In this case, work is performed using a boring machine or other various equipment as necessary.

  After completion of the work, it is only necessary to close the opening 62 and resume the excavation, and at a position closer to the face 24, it is possible to perform a visual inspection of the ground property for rock mass reinforcement at an early stage, and it is possible to remove the rock sludge early. Tightening due to rock slippage, boring at a position close to the face, enabling rock collection near the excavation cross section and long-span investigation with a boring machine of the same capacity, strengthening support capacity in vulnerable ground Can be injected for.

  Prior to opening the opening 62, the injection hole 70 is used during excavation stop instead of the work using the opening 62 in order to prevent boring guide and drilling water, or when the ground collapses. By performing work such as drilling survey and ground reinforcement, the injection hole 70 provided at the same position as the opening makes it safer than the opening 62 when boring guides and drilling water is prevented or when the ground collapses. It can be used.

  Thus, the shield type tunnel excavator 10 uses the injection hole 70 and the opening 62 to discover the fragile portion of the excavated ground by performing ground observation or drilling survey of the ground of the excavated portion in advance. The necessary ground can be improved by injecting ground improvement to prevent the face from collapsing.

  In the unlikely event that the observation of natural ground or the discovery of fragile ground is delayed and the face collapses, use the injection hole 70 and the opening 62 to reinforce the ground at the collapsed part, then remove earth and sand, rock fragments, and chamber 26, the sand and rocks are removed manually, and if necessary, lubricant, foam, etc. are injected from the injection hole 70 into the cutter head 12, the chamber 26, and the trunk 20 to reduce frictional resistance and earth and sand. It is possible to promote the operation by assisting the cutter rotation and thrust by promoting the fluidity.

  A plurality of injection valves 74 that can be opened and closed for injecting various injection materials are respectively provided on the cutter face plate 72, the partition wall 48, and the body part 20 (the front body part 32, the middle body part 34, and the rear body part 36) of the cutter head 12. If there is rock tightening, rock fall, falling rocks, falling rocks, and eventually the collapse of the face, the injection valve 74 is used to remove all the mud and foam lubricants and rock fall prevention materials from the cutter to the rear of the machine. By partially injecting as necessary, it is possible to promote the operation by assisting cutter rotation and thrust by reducing the frictional resistance of the earth and sand that is tightened with the airframe and promoting the fluidity of the earth and sand.

In addition, by injecting an injection material between the ground and the outer shell, it is possible to prevent loosening of the natural ground and skin peeling.
Further, a series of tightening states of the body due to rock properties and rock slurries from the front of the face to the rear of the body using cleaning windows 76 for inspection and inspection provided in each of the front body portion 32, the middle body portion 34, and the rear body portion 36. The flow state can be monitored, and early measures can be taken according to the state of the situation.

  Further, the cleaning window 76 that is also used for inspection can be cleaned with a high washer and a sediment reservoir in the contracted portion of the trunk with vacuum or the like.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be modified into various forms within the scope of the gist of the present invention.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the opening provided at a position close to the face at the upper portion of the front trunk portion can be opened and closed by operating the lid using an opening / closing jack, but this is not the only example. Alternatively, the lid can be opened and closed by a manual hinge structure or bolt fastening, and it can also be watertight.

  The lid is slid in the tunnel axis direction, but is not limited to this example, and can be slid in the circumferential direction of the tunnel.

  Furthermore, although four openings are provided, this quantity can be selected as appropriate.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Shield type tunnel excavator 12 Cutter head 14 Drive part 16 Excavation reaction force support part 18 Propulsion part 20 Trunk part 24 Face 32 Front trunk part 34 Middle trunk part 36 Rear trunk part 48 Bulkhead 62 Opening part 64 Cover body 66 Opening / closing jack 70 Injection hole 72 Cutter surface plate 74 Injection valve 76 Cleaning window for inspection

Claims (6)

A cutter head, a drive unit that supports and drives the cutter head, a digging reaction force support unit that secures a digging reaction force against the drive unit, a propulsion unit that applies propulsive force to the drive unit, and the cutter In a shield type tunnel excavator having a body including at least a front trunk and a rear trunk covering the drive unit, the excavation reaction force support unit and the propulsion unit behind the head,
A shield-type tunnel excavator characterized in that an openable and closable opening is provided at a position close to the face at the upper portion of the front trunk so that a person can enter and exit. In claim 1,
A plurality of openable and injectable injection holes for injecting various injecting materials such as a boring survey, ground reinforcement, or a lubricant / foaming material are provided at a position close to the face at the upper portion of the front trunk portion. Characteristic shield tunnel excavator. In claim 1 or 2,
A shield-type tunnel excavator, wherein a cutter face plate, a partition wall, and a plurality of body portions of a cutter head are provided with a plurality of openable and injectable injection valves for injecting various injection materials. In any one of Claims 1-3,
The shield-type tunnel excavator characterized in that a plurality of cleaning windows that can be opened and closed are provided in each of the plurality of trunks. A tunnel excavation method using the shield type tunnel excavator according to claim 1,
While excavating the face with the cutter head while excavating reaction force is secured by the excavation reaction force support unit, when propelling with the propulsion unit and excavating, the body tightening due to rock sludge and ground collapse and When observation, natural ground reinforcement, etc. are necessary,
A process of stopping excavation of the face by the cutter head;
Opening the opening provided at a position close to the face at the upper part of the front trunk part;
A process of removing necessary rock debris from the open opening, observing natural ground properties or reinforcing natural ground,
After the work is finished, closing the opening and restarting excavation;
A tunnel excavation method comprising: In claim 5,
A plurality of openable and injectable injection holes for injecting various injection materials such as a boring survey and ground reinforcement or a lubricant / foam material at a position close to the face at the upper portion of the front trunk portion are provided,
A tunnel excavation method comprising a step of injecting a lubricant or foam material from the injection hole to assist cutter rotation and thrust to promote operation.