JP3108494B2 - Automatic accompaniment device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the specification of a chord input timing of an automatic accompaniment apparatus for automatically performing accompaniment in accordance with the performance of a player. This relates to a technique set in advance.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A so-called automatic accompaniment apparatus for automatically performing accompaniment according to a designated style among a plurality of styles such as rock, waltz, and swing in accordance with the performance of a player has been used. . As one typical configuration of the automatic accompaniment device, a user instructs a chord (chord type) to the device, thereby instructing accompaniment data having a length of several measures stored in advance. There are some that read out the sound by replacing it with data corresponding to the code. However, in the case of an automatic accompaniment device having such a configuration, a user must specify a chord at an appropriate timing while listening to the accompaniment played by the automatic accompaniment device. There is a problem that it is difficult to give instructions.

In order to provide an automatic accompaniment device that is easy to use even for beginners, a combination of chord information and time information indicating the timing of switching the chord is stored in advance as chord progression data in the order of performance and read out sequentially. Thus, there has been provided an automatic accompaniment apparatus that automatically switches chords. With this automatic accompaniment device, since the chord progression is stored in advance before the performance, even a beginner can easily and accurately give a chord instruction.

[0004]

However, the timing of chord switching often differs depending on the style of accompaniment. For example, in style A, it is musically appropriate to change chords on the first and third beats. In another style B, it may be appropriate to change the chord on the first and fourth beats. If style B
When the chord progression data is used for the performance of the style A, the timing of the chord switching is different from the timing suitable for the style A, which may result in a musically unpleasant performance.

Therefore, in an automatic accompaniment device of the type in which chord progression data is stored in advance, it is necessary to store chord progression data for each style, and it is possible to store accompaniment of a large variety of styles. In such an automatic accompaniment device, the capacity of a memory for storing chord progression data has become enormous. Therefore, the present invention can perform musically suitable accompaniment without causing musically unpleasant performance, regardless of the style of accompaniment used, and furthermore, the common chord progression An object of the present invention is to provide an automatic accompaniment device that can use data as it is in a plurality of styles.

[0006]

According to the present invention, there is provided an automatic accompaniment apparatus comprising: (1) chord progression data storage means for storing chord progression data representing a chord playing order; Accompaniment pattern storage means for storing each accompaniment pattern including chord change information corresponding to each style. (3) Accompaniment pattern reading means for reading out desired accompaniment patterns from the accompaniment pattern storage means in the order of accompaniment. (4) Accompaniment pattern storage means. Chord progression data reading means for sequentially reading out chord progression data from the chord progression data storage means each time it detects that chord change information is read out from (5) reading accompaniment pattern based on the chord read out by chord progression data reading means Means for changing the accompaniment pattern read by the means. The one in which the features.

[0007]

Since the chord progression data stored in the conventional automatic accompaniment apparatus is a combination of chord information and time information indicating the timing of switching the chord, it is necessary to prepare chord progression data for each accompaniment style. However, the present invention removes time information indicating the timing of switching chords from the chord progression data and includes chord progression data indicating only the playing order of the chords. However, since the timing at which the chords are switched is unclear in this state, the time information representing the chord switching timing is included in the accompaniment pattern usually prepared for several accompaniment styles and having a length of several measures.

Since the automatic accompaniment apparatus of the present invention is configured as described above, when an accompaniment corresponding to a certain style is played, when the chord change information is read out by the accompaniment pattern reading means, the chord progression data is read. , The chord information is read out in order, and accompaniment is performed according to the read chord information. Thus, for example, when pattern A is selected, the chord is switched between the first and third beats, and when pattern B is selected, the chord is switched between the first and fourth beats. Is switched.

As described above, in the automatic accompaniment apparatus of the present invention,
The common chord progression data can be used in common between different accompaniment styles, and musically suitable accompaniment can be played.

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of an automatic accompaniment device according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a circuit configuration of an electronic musical instrument provided with an automatic accompaniment device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

The electronic musical instrument is configured to control its entire operation by using a central processing unit (CPU) 10. The CPU 10 has, via a bus line 12, a predetermined program for controlling the entire operation and an alteration table (alternation table) used for reading the pitch of a chord based on the chord type.
ble) is stored in the read only memory (RO)
M) is connected.

A standard chord progression data memory 24 comprising a read-only memory (ROM) in which a large number of typical chord progressions are stored in advance, and a desired chord progression data among a large number of chord progression data stored in the memory 24. A chord progress data memory 16 composed of a random access memory (RAM) in which the chord progress data to be stored as new chord progress data is connected.

A code designating operator 18 for designating an input code and an R which stores various accompaniment patterns
An accompaniment data memory 20 composed of an OM and a work area 22 composed of a RAM in which various register groups described later are set.
A display circuit 26 for displaying the selected accompaniment style and chord progression data, and a tempo clock generator 28
And a keyboard 30 for inputting a melody or the like, a volume,
A control operator circuit 32 for controlling operators for performing various operations such as editing of sound quality or performance information, and a tone generator 34 are also connected.

Further, an amplifier 36 is connected to the tone generator 34, and the speaker 3 is connected to the amplifier 36.
8 is connected, and the tone signal transmitted by the tone generator 34 is transmitted to a speaker 38 via an amplifier 36.
From the sound. In this embodiment,
The time base (one beat (one quarter note) represented by the number of clocks) is 100, and the tempo clock generator 28 generates 100 clocks per beat as a tempo clock. Therefore, in a 4-beat rhythm, 1
A bar (4 beats) corresponds to 400 clocks. At this time,
Since the count of the number of clocks starts from 0 clock, 0 bar to 399 clocks constitute one bar. In a rhythm of three beats, one measure (three beats) corresponds to 300 clocks, and 0 clock to 299 clocks becomes one measure. Further, since one beat corresponds to one quarter note, the time length of one quarter note is equivalent to 100 clocks. In this embodiment, the key depression time is set to 90 clocks of the quarter note. Is set to The other notes are also set in the same way as the quarter note, for example, the time length of the eighth note is set to 45 clocks.

When the tone generator 34 receives pitch information (key number: key No.) and key-on (key ON) information related to each musical tone, an amplifier 36 outputs the musical tone at the pitch from the speaker 38. Of the tone signal to be input to the
(eye OFF) When the information is received, the generation of the tone signal is stopped in order to mute the tone at the pitch.

The chord progression data memory 16 stores chord progression data selected from the typical chord progression data stored in the standard chord progression data memory 24.
The chord type (major: major, minor: minor, etc.) and the root note of the chord (C, F, G, etc.) are appropriately corrected and recorded.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the chord progression data recorded in the chord progression data memory 16 shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, for example, as a first code,
The chord whose root is "C" and the type is "major" is specified, and the chord whose root is "A" and the type is "minor" is specified as the second chord. Is shown.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing chord designation operators for correcting chord progression data. As shown in FIG. 3, the chord designation operator 18 (see FIG. 1) has eight volumes for selecting the root of the chord (ROOT) and eight volumes for selecting the type (TYPE) in the order of chord progression.
And eight volumes for selecting a bass sound (BASS), and the chord progression data is directly created and changed by operating each volume operator. It should be noted that the same number of controls as the number of chord progressions may be prepared, but a general accompaniment is that one phrase is composed of four measures and two chord conversions are performed in one measure. Since there are many, eight is usually sufficient.

When correcting the chord progression data, a root indicator, a type, and the like corresponding to the chord designation operator 18 are displayed on an indicator near the chord designation operator 18 and controlled by the display circuit 26. The bass sound is displayed. Also,
When started by operating a start / stop switch (not shown) controlled by the operator circuit 32, the selected chord progression data is repeatedly read out in accordance with the separately selected accompaniment style, Thereby, a performance is performed. During the performance, the LED lamp of the chord being played is turned on.

In FIG. 3, the root of the chord, the type,
There are three rows of volumes for bass sounds. These volumes are arranged in only one row, and a root / type / bass select switch is separately provided. It may be configured to select whether to use for designation or base designation. As described above, since the chord progression is selected in advance before the performance, and the chord progression can be freely changed / corrected by the chord designation operator, the chord progression can be easily selected / corrected, and powerful support is provided during composition. It is also suitable for learning the chord progression.

As described above, new chord progression data is created by selecting the standard chord progression data and correcting it using the chord designation operator, and the chord progression data is created in the chord progression data memory 16 in this manner. A plurality of new chord progress data can be stored. Each time the chord change information is read from the accompaniment data described later, the data stored in these chord progression data memories is read.

The accompaniment data memory 20 shown in FIG. 1 stores an accompaniment pattern for one bar with time information added on the "C scale", and this accompaniment pattern is periodically and repeatedly read. FIGS. 4A and 4B show an example of an accompaniment musical score and the corresponding accompaniment pattern stored in the accompaniment data memory 20, and FIGS.
(A), (b) is a figure which showed the other example of the musical score of an accompaniment, and the accompaniment pattern corresponding to it. FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing the display of the key number.

The time information is represented by the number of clocks at the time tb in the bar. Each accompaniment data contains time tb
And the status (key-on information, key-off information, or chord change information) at the time tb within the bar, and a key number. Also, information indicating the length of the accompaniment pattern is included. In the accompaniment data memory 20,
In such a data format, accompaniment patterns corresponding to various performance styles (rock style, jazz style, enka style, etc.) are stored. Here, the key numbers are set according to a correspondence relationship as shown in FIG.

As a method of storing an accompaniment pattern corresponding to each performance style, a plurality of accompaniment patterns corresponding to a chord type are stored for each performance style, and an accompaniment pattern is stored in accordance with a specified chord type. There are known ones that read a pattern, ones that store only one type of accompaniment pattern for each performance style, and change the constituent sounds of the accompaniment pattern depending on the type of chord.

The control program stored in the program memory 14 is stored in the work area 22 (see FIG. 1).
Various registers for temporarily storing various data generated when the PU 10 executes the processing are set, and among the registers related to the embodiment of the present invention, there are the following registers. In the following description, the contents (data and the like) of each register are represented by the same label name unless otherwise specified.

(1) CHR (code) This register stores the type of the code read from the code progress data memory 16. (2) TYP (Type) This register stores the type of the code read from the code progress data memory 16.

(3) LEN (length) This register stores the (temporal) length of the accompaniment data read from the accompaniment data memory 20. (4) (ADR) (address) A value indicating the read address of the code progress data memory 16 is stored.

Next, the operation of the present embodiment configured as described above will be described for each step with reference to the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 and the operation examples shown in FIGS. In the automatic accompaniment apparatus of this embodiment, the main routine shown in FIG. 7 is normally executed, and every time the tempo clock generated by the tempo clock generator 28 reaches the CPU 10, the interrupt processing shown in FIG. Is done.

The player selects a performance style and sets a tempo before the performance. When a performance style is selected, a pattern length (length of accompaniment data) corresponding to the selected performance style is stored in the register LEN. As described above, since the time base is set to 100 in this embodiment, 100 clock pulses are generated from the tempo clock generator 28 per beat. Therefore, if the tempo is set to 120, one beat is 5
Since one beat corresponds to 00 msec and one beat is 100 clocks, a tempo interrupt occurs every 5 msec, which is one hundredth of the time, and an interrupt processing routine (FIG. 8)
Will be executed.

Here, the number of times an interrupt has occurred since the start switch was pressed is set as the current time ta, and the time within a bar is set as the time tb within the bar. This is 400 clocks (0 clocks to 399 clocks). Therefore, a value obtained by adding 1 to the remainder of the current time ta divided by 400 is the intra-measure time tb. In the case of 3/4 time, one bar is equivalent to 300 clocks (0 clock to 299 clocks), and the value obtained by adding 1 to the remainder of dividing the current time ta by 300 is the intra-measure time tb.

In the flowchart (FIG. 7) showing the main routine, the initial setting routine of step S100 is executed at the beginning of the main routine when the power switch is turned on. The registers, parameters, and the like are set to initial values, and the current time ta, the time in a bar tb, and the read address ADR of the chord progression data are reset to 0, and interrupts to the CPU 10 from the tempo clock generator 28 are “prohibited”. Is a routine to be set.
When the processing in step S100 is completed, step S10
Proceed to 2.

Step S102 is an operating element processing routine, in which processing for setting and operating various operating elements is performed. When it is detected that the start switch has been pressed, the state is changed from a state in which the interrupt from the tempo clock generator 28 to the CPU 10 is prohibited to a state in which the interrupt is enabled. When an accompaniment pattern is selected by the operator, the address where the selected accompaniment pattern is stored is determined, and the pattern length of the selected accompaniment pattern is stored in the register LEN. When the process in step S102 ends, the process proceeds to step S104.

Step S104 is a key pressing processing routine in which data generated in response to key pressing of the keyboard 30 (see FIG. 1) is processed. When the process in step S104 ends, the process proceeds to step S110. Step S110 is:
This is a sound source processing routine that performs sound generation and mute corresponding to key depression and key release for a melody based on the data generated in step S104. The tone is output to the automatic accompaniment device via the tone generator 34, the amplifier 36, and the speaker 38. Sound is emitted from. When the sound source processing routine of step S110 is executed, the process returns to step S102, and thereafter, the above-described steps S102 to S1 are performed.
Step 10 is repeatedly executed.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a subroutine of the interrupt processing. As described above, the tempo clock generated by the tempo clock generator 28 is CP
Upon arrival at U10, the subroutine of this interrupt processing is executed, and after this interrupt subroutine is executed, the process returns to the main routine again, and the main routine is repeatedly executed until the next interrupt occurs.

In step S204, it is determined whether or not the value of the time tb within the bar coincides with the time assigned to the accompaniment data to be read from the accompaniment data memory 20. If the determination result is affirmative (YES), the process proceeds to step S206. In step S206, the accompaniment data at the time tb within the bar is read, and it is determined whether or not the read data is chord change information. The determination result is positive (Y
If ES), the process proceeds to step S207. Negation (N
If O), the process proceeds to step S208.

At step 208, the pitch is read as necessary by the alteration table (see FIG. 9) based on the code type (the value of the register TYP) among the codes read from the chord progression data memory 16. Is performed, a key shift is performed based on the chord root (the value of the register CHR), and a musical tone having the pitch thus changed is generated. When the process in step 208 is completed, the process returns to step S204.

On the other hand, in step S207, the code information (the root of the code and the type of the code) of the address indicated by the address ADR is read from the code progress data memory 16, and the root of the code is stored in the register CHR of the work area 22. The code type is stored in TYP, and the process proceeds to step S209. In step 209, the read address ADR is incremented, and the process proceeds to step S211. In step 211, it is determined whether the address ADR is 7 or less. If affirmative, the process returns to step S204, and if negative, the process proceeds to step S213. In step 213, the value of the address ADR is reset to 0.

If the value of the time tb in the bar does not match the time stored in the accompaniment data, the result of the determination in step S204 is negative (NO), and step S210 is performed.
Proceed to. In step S210, the value of the current time ta is
One is advanced. When the process in step S210 ends, the process proceeds to step S212.

In step S212, the value of the time tb in the bar is advanced by one. When the process in step S212 ends, the process proceeds to step S214. In step S214, it is determined whether or not the value of the time tb in the bar is smaller than the value of the register LEN. The determination result is affirmative (YES),
That is, when the value of the time tb in the bar is smaller than LEN, the process returns to the main routine. On the other hand, if the result of the determination is negative (NO), that is, if the value of the time tb in the bar is equal to or greater than LEN, the flow proceeds to step S216.

In step S216, the value of the time tb in the bar is reset to zero. When the process of step 216 ends, the process returns to the main routine. Note that LE
The value of N is a value representing the size of one measure, and is 400 in the case of a 4-beat pattern and 3 in the case of a 3-beat pattern.
00 is set. Therefore, when the in-measure time tb exceeds LEN, the bar returns to the beginning of the measure.

Next, an example of the operation based on each of the above routines will be described using the data used in the description of the present embodiment. A melody performance can be performed on the keyboard simultaneously with the automatic accompaniment. When the start button is pressed, the prohibition of the execution of the interrupt processing routine (FIG. 8) is released, the chord change information is read from the accompaniment data memory 20 in step S204 of the interrupt processing routine, and the chord progression data is read from the chord progress data memory in step S207. The chord information is read, and the root note of the chord and the type of chord are determined.

If the accompaniment pattern selected before the performance start is instructed is the quadruple pattern shown in FIG.
The chord is changed immediately before the first beat (measurement time tb = 0) and the fourth beat (measurement time tb = 298). Therefore, the chord changes to C _Maj on the first beat of the first lap of the accompaniment pattern, the chord changes to A _min immediately before the fourth beat, and F _Maj changes on the first beat of the second lap of the accompaniment pattern. Changed to
At the fourth beat, it is changed to G _Maj , and the chord is changed in the same manner.

If the accompaniment pattern selected before the performance start is instructed is the three-beat pattern shown in FIG. 5A, the first beat (in-measure time tb = 0) and the immediately preceding third beat (time tb = 0) The chord is changed at the time tb = 198 in the bar. Therefore, at the first beat of the first lap of the accompaniment pattern, the chord is C
Becomes _Maj, code just before the third beat is changed to A _min is changed to F _Maj further first beat of the second round of accompaniment pattern is changed to G _Maj third beat, as follows Code changes are made.

By the processing of steps S211, S213
The value of the address ADR is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7 to repeat, the chord progression_Maj / A_min 
/ F _Maj / G_Maj / C_Maj / A_min / D_min / G_Maj To
Will repeat. In this way the code over time
They are read out sequentially. Once the code is determined,
In step S204, the note name is read from the accompaniment data memory 20.
When read, the note name is stored in step S208.
9 and stored in the program memory 14 as shown in FIG.
The taration table is referenced and
Is converted based on the code type
Note names converted by the translation table
The key is shifted based on the root tone.

Although only major and minor tables are shown in FIG. 9, an accompaniment pattern and a table are provided for each chord family, and other chord types (7th, diminish, and augment) are provided.
, Etc.). In the code progress data memory 16 shown in FIG.
When = 0, the designated root is C, and the type is major ( _Maj ). Therefore, the alternation table 1 (AT1) is selected, and the root note is C, so that the key is not shifted, and the accompaniment data in the accompaniment data memory 20 is output as it is without being replaced.

[0046] Furthermore, root specified when the address ADR = 1, the type is a minor _(min). Therefore,
Alteration table 2 (AT2) is selected, and accompaniment data C, E, and G in accompaniment data memory 20 become C, Eb, and G, respectively. Since the root note is A, the key is shifted to A, C, and E, respectively. Is output. The root tone specified when the address ADR = 2 is F,
The type is major ( _{Ma j} ). Therefore, the alternation table 1 (AT1) is selected, and the accompaniment data C, E, and G in the accompaniment data memory 20 are directly used as the C, E, and G data.
And the key is shifted because F is the root tone, and F, A,
C will be output.

Since a technique for rewriting this code is well known, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. As described above, the steps S204, S206, S
The constituent sounds of the accompaniment pattern read out at 208 are replaced by the CHR and TYP determined at step S207 to have a pitch as shown in the example of accompaniment in FIG.
This accompaniment data will be sounded.

When a melody is played on the keyboard at the same time as the accompaniment, the data of the melody performance is also emitted at the same time. Each data generated as described above from the common chord progression data shown in FIG. 2 is as shown in the music score shown in FIG. Thus, the accompaniment pattern is 4
The chord progresses at a timing that is musically appropriate, regardless of whether it is a beat or a triple beat.

[0049]

As described in detail above, the automatic accompaniment apparatus of the present invention stores chord progression data indicating the order of playing chords and accompaniment patterns including chord change information, and stores desired accompaniment patterns. Is read in accordance with the accompaniment order, and when the read accompaniment pattern is chord change information, the chord is switched by referring to the chord progression data. The chord change is made at the optimum timing, and does not depend on the length of the accompaniment pattern. Therefore, even if the accompaniment pattern has a different time signature, the chord progression data is shared between these accompaniment patterns. Therefore, it is not necessary to have separate chord progression data for each accompaniment pattern. Also, the use of the common chord progression data does not cause a musically uncomfortable performance, and a musically suitable accompaniment can be performed.

Further, if a large number of chord progression data are preset and the progression data and the accompaniment pattern are selected, even a beginner who has no knowledge of the chord progression can easily have many variations. You can get accompaniment. Further, when the code is specified by the operator of the panel, the code can be easily specified.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an electronic musical instrument provided with an embodiment of an automatic accompaniment device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing chord progression data stored in a chord progression data memory.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing operators for correcting chord progression data.

FIG. 4A is an explanatory diagram showing a musical score of an accompaniment pattern, and FIG. 4B is a diagram schematically showing data stored in an accompaniment data memory corresponding to a denomination of FIG.

FIG. 5 (a) shows a musical score of another accompaniment pattern,
(B) is a figure which shows the data memorize | stored in the accompaniment data memory corresponding to the music score of (a) graphically.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a key number display method.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a main routine.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of an interrupt processing routine.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing an alteration table.

FIG. 10 is a musical score showing an output of the automatic accompaniment device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 CPU 12 Bus 14 Program Memory 16 Chord Progression Data Memory 18 Code Designation Operator 20 Accompaniment Data Memory 22 Work Area 24 Standard Chord Progression Data Memory 26 Display Circuit 28 Tempo Clock Generator 30 Keyboard 32 Control Operator Circuit 34 Tone Generator 36 Amplifier 38 speaker

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) G10H 1/00-7/12

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A chord progression data storage means for storing chord progression data representing a playing order of chords; an accompaniment pattern storage means for storing accompaniment patterns including chord change information corresponding to a plurality of styles, respectively; An accompaniment pattern reading means for reading a desired accompaniment pattern from the accompaniment pattern storage means in accordance with the order of accompaniment; and a chord progression data storage means for detecting that the chord change information has been read from the accompaniment pattern storage means. A chord progression data reading means for sequentially reading chords; and an accompaniment pattern changing means for changing the accompaniment pattern read by the accompaniment pattern reading means based on the code read by the chord progression data reading means. A featured automatic accompaniment device.