JP3092851B2 - Soil conditioner and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention promotes the growth of soil-improving agents, particularly useful microorganisms in soil, and activates oxygen in soil to improve the growth of plants. The present invention relates to a soil conditioner and a method for producing the same.

[Conventional technology] Harmful microorganisms nematode (root nematode) and radish in soil
Conventionally, steam disinfection of soil and chlorpicrin have been used to prevent damage caused by an increase in Fusarium bacteria, which are pathogenic fungi such as Chinese cabbage, strawberry and other yellow rot, and tomato, capsicum, watermelon, melon, etc. Some measures have been taken, such as irrigation, etc., and increasing the useful microorganisms in the soil. In order to measure the growth of useful microorganisms in the soil, such as the aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azotobacter siludomonas, Azotobacter cardia, Azotobacter bulularia, etc., it is necessary to supply oxygen to the soil. In the field, cows and horses are cultivated by plows, and deep cultivation of fields is performed by power tillers and trenchers.Chemically, temporary stimulation by H ₂ O ₂ , stimulation of plant roots by hypochlorous acid, etc. Are known. However, each of these methods has a drawback such that complicated steps are required, and chemicals have a temporary effect.

Prior to the present invention, a method using a chitin-containing microbial cell to prevent continuous cropping failure (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 53-74).
No. 71, JP-A-53-7472) and those utilizing chitosans as plant growth promoters (JP-A-63-33310).
However, they have merely utilized the characteristics of chitosans alone.

Also, the use of ferrous sulfate as a soil conditioner is better known than before.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The above-mentioned conventional technology of supplying oxygen to the soil to assist the growth of useful microorganisms in the soil and the cultivation of plants requires cumbersome labor and labor, or requires a specific substance. It simply uses the simple effects of the above, and there is a problem in terms of effects and sustainability.

In particular, those using ferrous sulfate as a soil conditioner mainly aimed at fixing gases such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia.

However, the present inventor has a different purpose, focusing on the fact that ferrous sulfate has the property of activating oxygen in soil, and using this property to activate oxygen in soil, Research has been undertaken to develop a soil conditioner that controls the growth of useful microorganisms while controlling the pathogens in the plant while also supplying oxygen to the roots of plants to promote their growth.

However, ferrous sulfate is easily oxidized, and when oxidized to ferric salt, there is almost no conversion of active oxygen compared to ferrous iron, and the effect as a soil conditioner is reduced.

Since ferrous sulfate is water-soluble, when it is sprayed on soil, it easily flows out due to rainwater or the like. Moreover, when ferrous sulfate is applied as an aqueous solution having a low concentration, it is easily oxidized by oxygen or oxidizing substances in the air to become ferric hydroxide, which precipitates and loses its effectiveness. Conversely, when it is applied as a concentrated aqueous solution, it has the disadvantage of causing iron damage to plant roots.

In order to improve these drawbacks, the present inventor has conducted experiments and researches over many years on how to efficiently supply active oxygen to soil and can supply it over a long period of time. When ferrous sulfate is used in combination with chitosan, the synergistic action promotes the active oxygen generating function of ferrous sulfate and finds that its sustaining effect is drastically enhanced, thus completing the present invention. Reached.

Furthermore, by adding an auxiliary component such as ascorbic acid or a transition metal, the ability of the above main component to supply active oxygen into the soil can be enhanced, and an excellent effect as a soil conditioner can be exhibited.

Furthermore, by granulating these active ingredients in combination with a bulking agent, it has become possible to provide a soil conditioner which is extremely excellent in storage, handling, and fertilizing effect.

[Means for Solving the Invention] The soil conditioner of the invention of claim 1 has a gist of mainly containing ferrous sulfate and chitosan.

Ferrous sulfate acts as a catalyst to convert oxygen in water or air into active oxygen.

When active oxygen acts on a plant, the plant produces an antioxidant enzyme and tries to eliminate it. However, if the amount of active oxygen is too large, the production of antioxidant enzymes cannot keep up and the plants die. Therefore, it is desirable for plants to supply the active oxygen not slowly but rather gradually over a long period of time.

 Chitosan makes weak chelates with ferrous sulfate.

The chelate of chitosan and ferrous sulfate moderates the reaction of Fe ⁺⁺ → Fe ⁺⁺⁺ , and the generation of active oxygen is not temporarily rapid.

In addition, the chelate of chitosan and ferrous sulfate is colloidal and has a property of easily adhering to organic matter, so that ferrous sulfate is prevented from flowing out and stays in the soil for a long time to generate the above active oxygen. Action can be sustained.

Furthermore, the chelate of chitosan and ferrous sulfate also exerts an effect as a flocculant. That is, it is possible to exhibit an effect of collecting and permanently fixing an iron salt such as ferrous sulfate combined with a reducing substance such as hydrogen sulfide or ammonia.

Chitosan is eventually degraded by microorganisms in the soil, but during this time it acts as a repellent for other chitin-containing reptiles and also serves to protect plants.

Note that chitosan is a deacetylated form of chitin, and is a natural polysaccharide [(1,4) in which glucosamine is bound to β-1,4 type.
-2-amino-2-deoxy-β-D-glucan].

Chitosan dissolves in organic acids such as acetic acid. Usually, it is commercially available as a solution containing acetic acid as a dissolving agent.

The mixing ratio of ferrous sulfate and chitosan is 5% chitosan
The solution is preferably in the range of 10% to 500% based on ferrous sulfate.

If the above mixing ratio is less than 10%, the above effects cannot be expected. On the other hand, when more than 500% is added, only the PH is lowered, and the function of alleviating the sudden action of the iron salt and the function as a flocculant by synergistic action with the iron salt are not further enhanced, so that economical It is limited to this range.

The soil conditioner or the method for producing the same according to claim 2 and claim 3 further comprises ascorbic acid and / or a transition metal as a sub-component in addition to ferrous sulfate and chitosan as main components. The gist is that diatomaceous earth or clay is added as a bulking agent.

Ascorbic acid, that is, vitamin C is known to have a reducing action by nature, but when used in combination with ferrous sulfate, it becomes iron ascorbate, dissolves in water, and binds to suspended organic matter in a wide PH range, It also exerts an effect as a flocculant for flocculating and settling it.

Further, iron ascorbate has a function of supplying active oxygen to plant roots.

The mixing ratio of ascorbic acid to ferrous sulfate is 2
% To 20%, preferably 5%.

If the mixing ratio is less than 2%, the above effects cannot be expected. On the other hand, even if added in an amount of more than 20%, the effect is not so much enhanced, so that it is economically limited to this range.

Mn, Cu, etc. are useful as transition metals other than Fe. These transition metals act as catalysts for active oxygen generation by ferrous sulfate and the like. These transition metals are preferably added as water-soluble salts, especially sulfates.

Further, these transition metals bind to ascorbic acid and also exert an effect as a flocculant. Not a transition metal,
By using Zn in combination with Cu, Zn can neutralize malodors that cannot be removed with Fe, such as mercaptan, which is a rotten odor of organic substances. However, Zn has almost no function as a catalyst for generating active oxygen.

The addition amount of these metal salts is preferably in the range of 1 to 7% as ferrous sulfate as metal sulfate. If it is less than 1%, the above-mentioned effect can hardly be expected. On the other hand, if it is more than 7%, the oxidizing power becomes too strong, and the activity as a soil conditioner after preparation is reduced due to auto-oxidation. The more the amount of the transition metal added, the more antioxidant must be added. After the decomposition of chitosan is completed, these transition metals are eventually absorbed by plants as trace elements.

Diatomaceous earth or clay as a bulking agent is used for enhancing the dispersibility of the above-mentioned active ingredient and exerting its effect in a wide range.

Further, these extenders serve as a base material for producing powdered or granular products, and greatly enhance the storage and handling properties of the products.

The method for producing a soil conditioner according to the invention of claim 4 includes the steps of: adding a solution of chitosan and ferrous sulfate to dry powder of a bulking agent such as diatomaceous earth or clay; and, if necessary, ascorbic acid and / or The gist is to perform granulation by a rotary granulator while spraying a solution to which salts of transition metals are added.

The transition metal salts are preferably water-soluble, for example, sulfates. Then, each powder of ferrous sulfate, ascorbic acid and a sulfate of a transition metal is dissolved in water to form an aqueous solution.

Chitosan is used as a 2% aqueous solution by further diluting a 5% solution using acetic acid as a dissolving agent with water.

As a rotary granulator, a cone type (conical type) or a pan type (flat pan type) is usually used, but any type can be used.

First, a dry powder of an extender is put into a rotary granulator, and a solution of chitosan and a solution of another active ingredient are separately sprayed on the dry powder of the extender while rotating the granulator.

A solution of these components is adsorbed on the dry powder of the bulking agent,
On the other hand, the dry powders of the extender with moisture are agglomerated with each other and granulated into round particles.

After drying the granulated with hot air of 80 ~ 100 ° C,
The product is sieved.

It is preferable that the mixing ratio of each material is substantially in accordance with the following criteria.

50 of ferrous sulfate, ascorbic acid, transition metal sulfate
2% aqueous chitosan solution for 1 part by weight of 1% aqueous solution 1.
25 parts by weight, 2 parts by weight of dry powder of extender.

The method for producing a soil conditioner according to the fifth aspect of the present invention comprises the steps of: preparing a solution of chitosan and ferrous sulfate in a dry powder of a bulking agent such as diatomaceous earth or clay; and, if necessary, ascorbic acid and / or transition metal. After adding and mixing, granulation is performed using a pellet molding machine or an extrusion molding machine.

As the chitosan, a 5% solution using acetic acid as a dissolving agent is used as it is.

Ferrous sulfate, ascorbic acid or transition metal is used as it is, but may be added as an aqueous solution in some cases.

After adding ferrous sulfate and, if necessary, powder of ascorbic acid and / or transition metal to a dry powder of a bulking agent such as diatomaceous earth or clay, and mixing the mixture, add a chitosan solution to the mixture and mix with a mixer. Mix well. This mixture is granulated in a pellet molding machine or an extrusion molding machine. The granulated product is dried by hot air at 80 to 100 ° C., and then sieved to obtain a product. It is preferable that the mixing ratio of each material is substantially in accordance with the following criteria.

1 part by weight of ferrous sulfate, ascorbic acid and / or transition metal powder, 0.5 part by weight of a 5% chitosan solution, and 4 parts by weight of a dry powder of a bulking agent.

[Example 1] <Example 1> Ferrous sulfate powder 125 kg Ascorbic acid powder 6.5 kg Chitosan (5% acetic acid solution) 66 (68 kg) Clay 250 kg Diatomaceous earth 250 kg A powdery product obtained by mixing the above materials with a mixer Get.

<Example 2> Ferrous sulfate powder 125 kg Manganese sulfate powder 2.5 kg Zinc sulfate powder 1.25 kg Copper sulfate powder 0.21 kg Ascorbic acid powder 6.25 kg Chitosan (5% acetic acid solution) 66 (68 kg) Clay 250 kg Diatomaceous earth 250 kg Each material is mixed with a mixer to obtain a powdery product.

<Example 3> Using a pan-type rotary granulator, first, dry clay 2K
g, 2 Kg of diatomaceous earth dried powder in a pan of a granulator, while rotating, a 50% aqueous solution of 925 g of ferrous sulfate powder and 45 g of ascorbic acid dissolved in water 1 and a 5% acetic acid solution of chitosan 5%.
Granulation is performed while spraying a 1.25% aqueous solution of 1.25 dissolved in 0.75 water. The granulated product is dried by applying hot air of 80 to 100 ° C., and then sieved to obtain a product.

 The size of the grains is sieved to a diameter of 5 mm or less.

<Example 4> First, 280 kg of clay and 250 kg of diatomaceous earth were put into a granulator using a cone type (cement mixer-type) rotary granulator, and while rotating, 125 kg of ferrous sulfate and 2.5 kg of manganese sulfate were added thereto. ,
1.25 kg of zinc sulfate, 0.21 kg of copper sulfate, 6.25 kg of ascorbic acid
And a 50% aqueous solution of 135.2 dissolved in water of 135.2 and a 5% acetic acid solution 66 of chitosan dissolved in 99 of water.
The aqueous solution 165 is granulated while spraying the respective aqueous solutions 165. The granulated product is dried by blowing hot air at 80 to 100 ° C, and then sieved to obtain a product having a diameter of 5 mm or less.

<Example 5> Ferrous sulfate 125.0 kg Manganese sulfate 2.5 kg Zinc sulfate 1.25 kg Copper sulfate 0.21 kg Ascorbic acid 6.25 kg The above powder was mixed well with 250 kg of clay and 250 kg of diatomaceous earth in a mixer, and then chitosan (5% Acetic acid solution) 66
And mix further.

The obtained mixture is extruded and granulated by a pellet machine, dried by applying hot air of 80 ° C to 100 ° C by a drum type hot air dryer, and then sieved to obtain a product.

 The size of the grains is sieved to a diameter of 5 mm or less.

<Experimental example 1> A large multi-story greenhouse (481m ² ) was set as a test area,
Four test beds were provided: ferrous sulfate-applied section, chitosan-applied section, ferrous sulfate + chitosan-applied section (of the present invention), and no-applied section, and a cultivation test of leaf onion was performed.

Duration: July 21, 1989-September 10, 1989 Variety: Leaf onion (Kujo) Variety Name: Raio Method: In order to keep the same conditions, the above four test beds were used. A comparative test of the yield was carried out every other bed in an alternate order and with the same sowing area.

The seeding of the green onions was performed by mechanical sowing, and the total test floor was 481 m ² and 2.5
Sowed seeds.

The ferrous sulfate application zone sprayed 100 1250-fold solutions of 80 g of ferrous sulfate dissolved in 100 water. Chitosan application area
400g of chitosan 5% solution diluted in 100 water and sprayed.
In the ferrous sulfate + chitosan application area, 80 g of ferrous sulfate and 400 g of a 5% chitosan solution were diluted in 100 water and sprayed. The untreated plot did not use any soil conditioner for comparison. The spraying method was such that the test was sprayed on each test bed, and the mixture was stirred under a medium plow.

 The results are as shown in Table 1.

<Experimental example 2> When a strawberry was cultivated in a large-scale multi-story greenhouse as a test plot, the pellet-type soil conditioner of the present invention according to Example 5 (hereinafter referred to as the present agent) was used. A comparative test was carried out in the case where nothing was done.

Implementation period: First Year of Heisei September 11 - 1990 end of April implementation varieties: Toyonoka implementation: this drug application District 1,123m ² 7,488 Kabuue target test area 388m ² 2,585 Kabuue this drug application methods: planting before 5 kg of this agent on the ridge of the application area
Was evenly removed and planted by medium tilling with a management machine.
Dissolve 2.5 kg of this agent in water every two months during the cultivation period,
The supernatant was set in a liquid fertilizer irrigation device, and applied evenly by a stationary watering device.

Consideration: In the applied plot, the root group developed very well, there was no excessive absorption of nitrogen, it showed healthy growth, there was little withering of the lower leaves, and the disease resistance was strong.

<Experimental example 3> The result of applying the soil conditioner of the present invention to rice is shown below.

Duration: May 22, 1989-October 12, 1989 Varieties: Koharu (Uruchi, middle-aged, slightly subdivided, blast-resistant) Paddy fields: Clay, culvert drainage : Before planting rice, the pelletized soil conditioner of the present invention of Example 5 (hereinafter referred to as the present agent) was applied, and the average yield of paddy rice was compared with that of the untreated plot.

Result: Yield of 624kg per 10a in this plot was increased 516kg per 10a in non-application plot 108kg per 10a (up about 21%).

Consideration: The survival after rice planting is good and the amount of roots is large.

 The number of invalid tillers is extremely small.

 The stem becomes thick and strong, so it is difficult to lie down.

As the number of effective tillers increases, it is necessary to open the space a little more.

[Effects of the present invention] The present invention provides a long-lasting active oxygen generation function of ferrous sulfate in soil by using chitosan in combination,
The function is further promoted by adding a small amount of ascorbic acid. Chitosan also reacts with iron salts to form iron salt chelates, which acts as a neutralizing and fixing coagulant for harmful reducing substances (ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, etc.), works for the growth of useful microorganisms, and causes harmful pathogens ( Fusarium) can also be used effectively as an inhibitor.

Further, the trace element of the transition metal used in the present invention has many effects on the activation of oxygen in soil together with ferrous sulfate, and can enhance the synergistic effect of each component as a whole of the present invention. . Moreover, the effect can be sufficiently confirmed in actual cultivation of rice, vegetables, fruits and the like as shown in the above experimental results.

Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ identification code FI C09K 17/50 C09K 17/50 H // C09K 101: 00 (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) C09K 17/00 -17/50 A01N 59/16 A01N 63/00 C05G 3/04

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A soil conditioner comprising ferrous sulfate and chitosan as main components. 2. The soil conditioner according to claim 1, further comprising a secondary component comprising ascorbic acid and / or a transition metal and a filler such as diatomaceous earth or clay. 3. A soil conditioner comprising adding a main component of ferrous sulfate and chitosan and a subcomponent consisting of ascorbic acid and / or a transition metal to a filler such as diatomaceous earth or clay. Manufacturing method. 4. A solution prepared by adding chitosan, ferrous sulfate and, if necessary, a salt of ascorbic acid and / or a transition metal to a dry powder of a bulking agent such as diatomaceous earth or clay. A method for producing a soil conditioner, comprising granulating with a rotary granulator. 5. A dry powder of a bulking agent such as diatomaceous earth or clay, to which a solution of chitosan, ferrous sulfate and, if necessary, ascorbic acid and / or a transition metal are added and mixed, followed by pellet molding. A method for producing a soil conditioner, comprising granulating by means of an extruder or an extruder.