JP3027694B2 - Combustion control method for waste melting furnace - Google Patents
Combustion control method for waste melting furnaceInfo
- Publication number
- JP3027694B2 JP3027694B2 JP6304694A JP30469494A JP3027694B2 JP 3027694 B2 JP3027694 B2 JP 3027694B2 JP 6304694 A JP6304694 A JP 6304694A JP 30469494 A JP30469494 A JP 30469494A JP 3027694 B2 JP3027694 B2 JP 3027694B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- furnace
- combustion
- melting furnace
- amount
- exhaust gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、混合収集ごみ、分別収
集ごみ、粗大ごみなどの都市ごみ及び下水汚泥、ゴム、
タイヤ、貝殻等の廃棄物または廃油、スラッジ、金属屑
などの産業廃棄物を高温で溶融処理する廃棄物溶融炉か
ら発生するガスを燃焼させる燃焼炉の燃焼制御方法に関
する。The present invention relates to municipal waste such as mixed waste, separated waste, bulky waste and sewage sludge, rubber,
The present invention relates to a combustion control method for a combustion furnace that burns gas generated from a waste melting furnace for melting and processing waste such as tires and shells or industrial waste such as waste oil, sludge, and metal scrap at a high temperature.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、廃熱ボイラ付きの廃棄物溶融処理
設備においては蒸気発生量を一定にするような制御は行
われておらず、運転員は作業着手に当たっては、当日の
ごみ質、処理量、蒸気発生量等を一応計画するが、実作
業に当たっては、溶融炉内及び燃焼炉内燃焼状況を監視
し、また、溶融炉から発生するガスを完全燃焼させるた
め、燃焼炉出口ガス温度を８５０〜９００℃の範囲内に
収めるべく、燃焼炉に吹き込む燃焼用空気量のみの調節
を行っており、燃焼炉出口排ガス温度が一定に制御され
ていても廃熱ボイラの蒸気発生量は燃焼出口ガス量の変
動に応じて変化し、十分に安定させるまでには至ってい
ない。蒸気発生量の変動は、該蒸気を利用する場合にそ
の利用範囲に大きな制約を与えることになり、有効利用
の大きな阻害要因となっている。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a waste melting treatment facility equipped with a waste heat boiler, control for keeping the amount of generated steam constant has not been performed. The amount of steam and the amount of steam generated are planned for the time being.However, in actual work, the combustion furnace interior gas temperature should be monitored in order to monitor the combustion conditions in the melting furnace and the combustion furnace, and to completely burn the gas generated from the melting furnace. Only the amount of combustion air blown into the combustion furnace is adjusted to keep it within the range of 850 to 900 ° C. Even if the temperature of the exhaust gas at the combustion furnace outlet is controlled to be constant, the amount of steam generated by the waste heat boiler is controlled by the combustion outlet. It changes according to the change in the gas amount, and has not yet been sufficiently stabilized. Fluctuations in the amount of generated steam greatly restrict the range of use of the steam when it is used, and are a major obstacle to effective use.
【０００３】これに対応するために、特開昭５７−７４
５１４号公報に開示された技術として、燃焼炉に油やガ
スの補助燃料を供給することにより、蒸気発生量の変動
の大波を小さくするという試みもあるが、この廃熱ボイ
ラの設置は、ごみの熱資源化の見地より設けられたもの
であるので、これに常時補助燃料を補給するのは、好ま
しい対策とは評価されず、熱源となり得るごみの好まし
い状態での燃焼方法が強く望まれてきた。To cope with this, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-74
As a technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 514, there is an attempt to reduce the large wave of fluctuations in the amount of generated steam by supplying an auxiliary fuel such as oil or gas to the combustion furnace. Because it is provided from the viewpoint of heat resource utilization, it is not evaluated as a preferable measure to always supply supplementary fuel to it, and there is a strong demand for a method of burning garbage that can be a heat source in a preferable state. Was.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】溶融炉から発生するガ
スは可燃性のＣＯ、Ｈ2 及びＣＨ4 等と不活性なＮ2 、
ＣＯ2 、Ｈ2 Ｏの気体成分のほか、可燃性のタール、ダ
スト等を含んでいる。溶融炉の炉頂から排出されるガス
は、原料であるところのごみの質が一定していないため
溶融炉からのガスの発生量、組成は常に刻々に変動す
る。従って、発生ガスの発熱量がごみ質によって常に変
動することとなり、燃焼炉で燃焼を安定的に行う場合の
阻害要因となっていた。The gas generated from the melting furnace is composed of flammable CO, H 2 and CH 4 etc. and inert N 2 ,
It contains flammable tar, dust, etc., in addition to CO 2 and H 2 O gas components. As for the gas discharged from the top of the melting furnace, the amount and composition of gas generated from the melting furnace are constantly changing since the quality of the refuse as the raw material is not constant. Therefore, the calorific value of the generated gas is always fluctuated depending on the quality of the refuse, which is a hindrance in performing stable combustion in the combustion furnace.
【０００５】また、最近このようなごみ処理設備に廃熱
ボイラを設置して、発生した蒸気を有効利用することが
多く行われるようになってきており、この場合、蒸気発
生量が大きく変動すると、必要な蒸気量が得られなくな
ったり、逆に、過剰の蒸気が発生したりして、有効利用
計画に不都合のため蒸気発生量の変動を少なくする必要
がある。また、蒸気発生量の変動は燃焼炉内の燃焼負荷
変動の結果でもあり、蒸気発生量を一定に制御すること
は燃焼を安定化することにもなるので非常に重要であ
る。Further, recently, a waste heat boiler is installed in such a waste treatment facility, and the generated steam is often used effectively. In this case, if the amount of generated steam fluctuates greatly, The required amount of steam cannot be obtained, or conversely, excessive steam is generated, which is inconvenient for an effective utilization plan. Further, the variation in the amount of generated steam is also a result of the variation in the combustion load in the combustion furnace, and it is very important to control the amount of generated steam to be constant, since this also stabilizes combustion.
【０００６】燃焼炉出口排ガスの熱量の変動を抑制する
ため、一部改良した技術として、特開平５−３４０５２
０号公報に開示されている技術があるが、これは廃棄物
溶融炉から発生したガスを燃焼炉へ導入する配管の途中
にダスト回収装置を設置し、回収したダストを一時的に
貯める貯蔵タンクを設置し、貯蔵タンクにダストを切り
出す排出装置を設置し、排出装置からダストを定量に切
り出し、切り出したダストを燃焼炉へ吹き込んで燃焼さ
せることにより、燃焼炉出口ガス量及び温度の変動を抑
制し、安定したエネルギー回収を図るというものであ
る。[0006] In order to suppress the fluctuation of the calorific value of the exhaust gas from the combustion furnace, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-34052 discloses a partially improved technique.
There is a technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 0, which is a storage tank for temporarily storing collected dust by installing a dust collection device in the middle of a pipe for introducing gas generated from a waste melting furnace into a combustion furnace. And a storage tank equipped with a discharge device that cuts out dust, cuts out a fixed amount of dust from the discharge device, and blows the cut out dust into the combustion furnace to burn it, thereby suppressing fluctuations in the gas volume and temperature at the combustion furnace outlet. And stable energy recovery.
【０００７】この場合、溶融炉から発生したガス中のダ
ストを回収するに際し、サイクロン等のダスト回収装置
では、理想的にはダストの７０〜９０％を回収すること
ができるが、溶融炉からの発生ガスの性状、ダスト回収
装置の設計仕様あるいは設置位置等の種々の制約条件が
ある場合はダストの回収効率は４０〜６０％となり、回
収したダストを定量に切り出すだけでは、溶融炉からの
発生ガスの発熱量は未回収ダストにより変動し、燃焼炉
出口排ガスの熱量の変動につながる。In this case, when collecting dust in the gas generated from the melting furnace, a dust collecting device such as a cyclone can ideally recover 70 to 90% of the dust. When there are various restrictions such as the properties of the generated gas, the design specifications of the dust collection device, and the installation position, the dust collection efficiency is 40 to 60%. The calorific value of the gas fluctuates due to uncollected dust, which leads to a fluctuation in the calorific value of the exhaust gas at the combustion furnace outlet.
【０００８】このように、従来の技術では、溶融炉での
発生ガスの発熱量がごみ質によって変動し、これが制御
外乱となって、可燃性ダスト等を含む可燃性ガスの燃焼
を２次燃焼炉で行いつつ、安定的に熱回収を行うことが
困難となる。As described above, in the prior art, the calorific value of the gas generated in the melting furnace fluctuates depending on the quality of the dust, which becomes a control disturbance, and the combustion of the combustible gas containing combustible dust and the like is secondary combustion. It is difficult to stably recover heat while performing it in a furnace.
【０００９】ごみ潜熱を有効利用するためには、廃熱ボ
イラ等による回収蒸気量を安定させることが望ましい。
この観点からすれば、前掲の特開平５−３４０５２０号
公報に開示された、溶融炉発生可燃ダストを一旦捕集
し、燃焼炉内へ定量的に切り出して燃焼炉出口ガス量及
び温度の変動を抑制し、安定したエネルギ回収を図る等
の方法では、ごみのガス化処理形態による制約もあり、
装置のメンテナンス性等の問題につながる可能性もあ
る。 本発明が解決すべき課題は、ごみ質変動等の外的
要件に影響されにくく、排ガス温度及び排ガス流量、す
なわち溶融炉発生総エンタルピを一定にして、廃熱の回
収効率を向上させた燃焼制御方法を提供することにあ
る。In order to effectively utilize the latent heat of waste, it is desirable to stabilize the amount of steam recovered by a waste heat boiler or the like.
From this point of view, the combustible dust generated in the melting furnace, which is disclosed in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-340520, is once collected, quantitatively cut out into the combustion furnace, and the fluctuation in the gas amount and temperature at the combustion furnace outlet is measured. In methods such as suppressing and stably recovering energy, there are restrictions due to the form of waste gasification,
This may lead to problems such as maintainability of the apparatus. The problem to be solved by the present invention is that the combustion control is hardly affected by external requirements such as fluctuation of waste quality and the like, and the exhaust gas temperature and the exhaust gas flow rate, that is, the total enthalpy generated in the melting furnace, are kept constant to improve the efficiency of waste heat recovery. It is to provide a method.
【００１０】[0010]
【課題を解決するための手段】前記課題を解決するた
め、本発明の廃棄物溶融炉の燃焼制御方法は、シャフト
方式の廃棄物溶融炉において、炉下部に配設した羽口か
ら溶融炉内での廃棄物等の燃焼及び熱分解のために空気
及び／又は酸素等の燃焼支持ガスを吹き込み、発生した
可燃性ガス等を２次燃焼炉で燃焼し、その燃焼排ガスか
ら廃熱を回収する廃棄物溶融炉の燃焼制御方法におい
て、溶融炉下流側に設置する２次燃焼炉出口側の排ガス
温度及び排ガス流量を制御対象とし、該排ガス温度及び
流量が一定になるように、２次燃焼炉に供給する空気量
及び溶融炉の羽口から溶融炉内に供給する空気量及び／
又は酸素量を操作して２次燃焼炉下流側に設置する廃熱
ボイラの回収蒸気量を安定させるようにしたものであ
る。In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a method for controlling combustion in a waste melting furnace according to the present invention comprises the steps of: A combustion support gas such as air and / or oxygen is blown for the combustion and pyrolysis of wastes in the field, the combustible gas generated is burned in a secondary combustion furnace, and waste heat is recovered from the combustion exhaust gas. In the combustion control method of the waste melting furnace, the exhaust gas temperature and the exhaust gas flow rate at the outlet side of the secondary combustion furnace installed downstream of the melting furnace are controlled, and the secondary combustion furnace is controlled so that the exhaust gas temperature and the flow rate are constant. And the amount of air supplied from the tuyere of the melting furnace into the melting furnace and / or
Alternatively, the amount of steam recovered from the waste heat boiler installed downstream of the secondary combustion furnace is stabilized by manipulating the amount of oxygen.
【００１１】この方法において、溶融炉と２次燃焼炉と
の間に、前記溶融炉から発生するガス中の可燃性ダスト
を一部回収し、回収した可燃性ダストを前記２次燃焼炉
のバーナー段へ送給し燃焼処理する燃焼設備を備えた廃
棄物溶融炉においては、排ガス流量を一定とするため
に、前記燃焼炉のバーナー段へ送給する可燃性ダストの
供給量をも操作量の一部とすることができる。In this method, a part of the combustible dust in the gas generated from the melting furnace is recovered between the melting furnace and the secondary combustion furnace, and the recovered combustible dust is burned into the burner of the secondary combustion furnace. In a waste melting furnace equipped with a combustion facility that feeds and burns to a stage, in order to maintain a constant exhaust gas flow rate, the supply amount of combustible dust to be fed to the burner stage of the combustion furnace is also controlled by an operation amount. Can be part.
【００１２】[0012]
【作用】本発明では、２次燃焼炉出口側の排ガス温度一
定制御及び排ガス流量一定制御すなわち溶融炉発生総エ
ンタルピ一定制御を行うことで、回収熱量を一定にす
る。ごみ質変動等の外乱により、２次燃焼炉出口温度が
変動した場合は、２次燃焼炉に供給する空気量を調節し
て温度を一定にする。また、排ガス流量が変動した場合
は、溶融炉の羽口から炉内に供給する空気量及び／又は
酸素量を調節して２次燃焼炉からの排ガス流量を一定に
する。これにより、２次燃焼炉出口側の排ガス温度及び
排ガス流量を一定に制御することができる。According to the present invention, the amount of recovered heat is made constant by performing the constant control of the exhaust gas temperature and the constant control of the exhaust gas flow rate at the outlet side of the secondary combustion furnace, that is, the constant control of the total enthalpy generated in the melting furnace. When the secondary combustion furnace outlet temperature fluctuates due to disturbances such as a change in the waste quality, the air amount supplied to the secondary combustion furnace is adjusted to keep the temperature constant. When the flow rate of the exhaust gas fluctuates, the amount of air and / or the amount of oxygen supplied from the tuyere of the melting furnace to the furnace is adjusted to keep the flow rate of the exhaust gas from the secondary combustion furnace constant. Thereby, the exhaust gas temperature and the exhaust gas flow rate on the secondary combustion furnace outlet side can be controlled to be constant.
【００１３】[0013]
【実施例】以下、本発明の実施例を参照しながら具体的
に説明する。図１は本発明に係る装置の一例を示す構成
図である。同図において、溶融炉１の上部に設けられた
装入装置から投入されたごみＡ，副原料であるコークス
Ｂ，石灰石Ｃは、炉の下部に設けた上段羽口２１より吹
き込まれる空気、下段羽口２２より吹き込まれる空気及
び酸素と反応し、不燃物は溶解して出湯口２３より炉外
へ排出され、可燃物は燃焼及び熱分解してガス化する。
この発生ガスは溶融炉１の上部からダクト２を経てサイ
クロン３で可燃性ダストを一部除塵回収した後、２次燃
焼炉４に設けたバーナー部５より２次燃焼炉４内に入
り、燃焼用空気ファン２０から供給された燃焼空気によ
り燃焼する。サイクロン３の下部には回収したダストを
一時的に貯めておくホッパ６が設置されており、ホッパ
６下部にはダストの切り出し装置であるスクリューフィ
ーダ７が設置されており、これにより回収したダストは
２次燃焼炉４のバーナー部５に切り出され、燃焼空気に
より燃焼する。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to embodiments. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an example of the device according to the present invention. In the figure, refuse A, coke B and limestone C, which are auxiliary materials, introduced from a charging device provided at the upper part of the melting furnace 1 are supplied with air blown from an upper tuyere 21 provided at a lower part of the furnace, and a lower part. Reacts with the air and oxygen blown from the tuyere 22, the incombustibles dissolve and are discharged out of the furnace through the tap 23, and the combustibles are gasified by combustion and thermal decomposition.
This generated gas partially removes and collects combustible dust from the upper part of the melting furnace 1 via the duct 2 and the cyclone 3, and then enters the secondary combustion furnace 4 from the burner part 5 provided in the secondary combustion furnace 4 and burns. It burns with the combustion air supplied from the air fan 20 for use. A hopper 6 for temporarily storing collected dust is installed below the cyclone 3, and a screw feeder 7 as a dust cutting device is installed below the hopper 6. It is cut out to the burner part 5 of the secondary combustion furnace 4 and burns with combustion air.
【００１４】２次燃焼炉４の中段あるいは上段には、煙
突８から排出される排ガスの一部を誘引通風機９により
引き込み、２次燃焼炉４冷却用のガスとして２次燃焼炉
４内に吹き込むことにより、燃焼炉内温度調整に供する
こともできる。２次燃焼炉４の出口には２次燃焼炉出口
ガス温度を検出する温度検出器１０が設置されており、
また、２次燃焼炉４と煙突８との間には、２次燃焼炉出
口ガス流量を検出する流量検出器１１が設置されてい
る。ガス流量は、流量計による直接測定のほか、物質バ
ランス演算値（Ｎ2 バランス）、熱バランス演算値（排
ガス温度調節器前後の熱バランス等）等を用いることも
できる。Part of the exhaust gas discharged from the chimney 8 is drawn into the middle or upper stage of the secondary combustion furnace 4 by the induction ventilator 9, and is introduced into the secondary combustion furnace 4 as a gas for cooling the secondary combustion furnace 4. By blowing, it can also be used for adjusting the temperature inside the combustion furnace. At the outlet of the secondary combustion furnace 4, a temperature detector 10 for detecting the secondary combustion furnace outlet gas temperature is installed.
Further, between the secondary combustion furnace 4 and the chimney 8, a flow detector 11 for detecting a gas flow rate at the secondary combustion furnace outlet is provided. Gas flow rate, in addition to direct measurement by the flow meter, it is also possible to use a material balance calculation value (N 2 balance), heat balance calculation value (the exhaust gas temperature controller before and after the heat balance and the like) and the like.
【００１５】温度検出器１０からの２次燃焼炉出口ガス
温度に対応した信号、流量検出器１１からの排ガス流量
に対応した信号を入力とする燃焼制御回路１２は、２次
燃焼炉出口ガス温度信号ＰＡ及び２次燃焼炉出口ガス流
量信号ＰＢをそれぞれ一定値に制御するための操作信号
ＳＡ，ＳＢを燃焼炉空気供給量調節弁１３（燃焼炉内温
度調節に循環排ガスを使用する場合は循環排ガス流量調
節弁の制御も含む）及び溶融炉１の上段羽口２１への空
気吹き込み制御用調節弁２４に出力する。なお、操作信
号ＳＢの一部は除塵回収したサイクロンの可燃性ダスト
切出用のスクリューフィーダ７の駆動装置１４に分配し
て出力される。The combustion control circuit 12 which receives as input the signal corresponding to the gas temperature at the outlet of the secondary combustion furnace from the temperature detector 10 and the signal corresponding to the exhaust gas flow rate from the flow rate detector 11, The operation signals SA and SB for controlling the signal PA and the secondary combustion furnace outlet gas flow rate signal PB to constant values, respectively, are supplied to the combustion furnace air supply amount control valve 13 (in the case where circulating exhaust gas is used for controlling the temperature inside the combustion furnace, the circulation (Including control of the exhaust gas flow control valve) and the control valve 24 for controlling the blowing of air into the upper tuyere 21 of the melting furnace 1. A part of the operation signal SB is distributed to the driving device 14 of the screw feeder 7 for extracting combustible dust from the cyclone from which dust has been collected and output.
【００１６】２次燃焼炉４から排出されたガスは廃熱ボ
イラ１５により熱交換され、ここで発生した蒸気は余熱
利用設備１６によりエネルギー変換され利用される。ま
た、該廃熱ボイラ１５を通過し冷やされたガスは排ガス
温度調節器１７で温度調節し、集塵機１８で除塵され、
誘引通風機１９を経て煙突８から放散される。The gas discharged from the secondary combustion furnace 4 is subjected to heat exchange by a waste heat boiler 15, and the steam generated here is converted into energy by a residual heat utilization facility 16 and used. Further, the temperature of the cooled gas passing through the waste heat boiler 15 is adjusted by an exhaust gas temperature controller 17 and is removed by a dust collector 18.
It is emitted from the chimney 8 via the induction ventilator 19.
【００１７】流量調節弁１３は、燃焼制御回路１２から
の操作信号ＳＡに対応して２次燃焼炉４に供給する燃焼
及び希釈のための空気供給量を操作し、予め設定された
燃焼炉出口排ガス温度設定値ＳＰ２に対応する一定値に
なるように自動制御を行う。また、溶融炉１の上段羽口
２１からの空気吹き込み制御用調節弁２４及びスクリュ
ーフィーダ駆動装置１４は、操作信号ＳＢに対応して主
として溶融炉１への吹き込み空気流量を制御することで
溶融炉１で発生する後流側への潜熱供給量を制御し、ま
た補助的にスクリューフィーダ駆動装置１４を制御する
ことにより可燃性ダストの切り出し量を制御し、予め設
定された燃焼炉出口排ガス流量設定値ＳＰ１に対応する
一定値になるように自動制御を行う。The flow control valve 13 controls an air supply amount for combustion and dilution supplied to the secondary combustion furnace 4 in response to an operation signal SA from the combustion control circuit 12, and sets a preset combustion furnace outlet. Automatic control is performed so as to be a constant value corresponding to the exhaust gas temperature set value SP2. The control valve 24 for controlling air blowing from the upper tuyere 21 of the melting furnace 1 and the screw feeder driving device 14 mainly control the flow rate of blowing air to the melting furnace 1 in response to the operation signal SB. 1 to control the amount of latent heat supplied to the downstream side and to control the amount of combustible dust cut out by controlling the screw feeder driving device 14 in an auxiliary manner, thereby setting a preset combustion furnace exhaust gas flow rate. Automatic control is performed so as to be a constant value corresponding to the value SP1.
【００１８】なお、本実施例では、溶融炉１から出るダ
ストを回収して一旦貯留し、２次燃焼炉４内への切り出
し量調整により燃焼炉出口排ガス量制御を行うようにし
ているが、この設備は必須ではなく、省いてもよい。そ
の場合には、燃焼制御回路１２からの操作信号ＳＢはす
べて、溶融炉１の上段羽口２１からの空気吹き込み量を
調節する調節弁２４への操作信号となる。In this embodiment, the dust emitted from the melting furnace 1 is collected and temporarily stored, and the amount of exhaust gas from the combustion furnace is controlled by adjusting the amount cut out into the secondary combustion furnace 4. This equipment is not essential and may be omitted. In this case, the operation signals SB from the combustion control circuit 12 are all operation signals to the control valve 24 for adjusting the amount of air blown from the upper tuyere 21 of the melting furnace 1.
【００１９】図２は、燃焼制御回路１２の構成例を示す
ブロック図である。（ａ）は２次燃焼炉出口排ガス流量
制御系、（ｂ）は２次燃焼炉出口排ガス温度制御系の構
成を示している。ここでは、比例ゲインを与えるブロッ
ク３０，４０、比例・積分要素３１，４１を有してお
り、（ａ）の場合は上段羽口風量設定回路３２を有して
いる。（ｂ）の場合は燃焼空気量設定回路４２を有して
いる。FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the combustion control circuit 12. As shown in FIG. (A) shows a configuration of a secondary combustion furnace outlet exhaust gas flow rate control system, and (b) shows a configuration of a secondary combustion furnace outlet exhaust gas temperature control system. Here, it has blocks 30 and 40 for giving a proportional gain, and proportional / integral elements 31 and 41, and in the case of (a), it has an upper tuyere air volume setting circuit 32. In the case of (b), a combustion air amount setting circuit 42 is provided.
【００２０】なお、図２における２次燃焼炉出口排ガス
流量制御系（ａ）と、２次燃焼炉出口排ガス温度制御系
（ｂ）は基本的には制御対象が別であるため、非干渉系
であると考えられるが、排ガス流量の制御と排ガス温度
の制御に干渉があれば、両制御系の間に非干渉化回路を
設ければよい。The system for controlling the exhaust gas flow rate at the outlet of the secondary combustion furnace (a) and the system for controlling the exhaust gas temperature at the secondary combustion furnace outlet (b) in FIG. 2 are basically different from each other. However, if there is interference between the control of the exhaust gas flow rate and the control of the exhaust gas temperature, a non-interference circuit may be provided between the two control systems.
【００２１】ここで、溶融炉発生総エンタルピ一定制御
の概念について補助説明すると以下のようになる。Here, the concept of the constant control of the total enthalpy generated in the melting furnace will be supplementarily described as follows.
【００２２】溶融炉１内では、下段羽口２２から供給す
る酸素及び燃焼支持ガス、上段羽口２１から供給する空
気中の酸素分により、廃棄物中可燃分を燃焼すると共に
それらの発生熱による熱分解を行い溶融炉１上部より可
燃性熱分解ガス、すなわちＣＯ、Ｈ2 、ＣＨ4 等と不燃
性であるＮ2 、ＣＯ2 、Ｈ2 Ｏ及び可燃性のタール、ダ
ストという形態で後流側の２次燃焼炉に供給される。従
って、２次燃焼炉負荷としては、可燃性ガス及び可燃性
タール、ダストがあり、それらの量はマクロ的には溶融
炉に供給される全酸素量に比例している。In the melting furnace 1, the combustibles in the waste are burned by the oxygen and the combustion supporting gas supplied from the lower tuyere 22 and the oxygen content in the air supplied from the upper tuyere 21, and the heat generated by the combustibles is generated. Pyrolysis is performed, and flammable pyrolysis gas, ie, N 2 , CO 2 , H 2 O, which is non-flammable with CO, H 2 , CH 4, etc., and flammable tar and dust form a top of the melting furnace 1. Is supplied to the side secondary combustion furnace. Therefore, as the secondary combustion furnace load, there are combustible gas, combustible tar, and dust, and their amounts are macroscopically proportional to the total oxygen amount supplied to the melting furnace.
【００２３】ここで、まず下段羽口部２２では廃棄物と
共に供給する副原料（コークス等の炭材）を酸素富化に
より高温燃焼させ、不燃物は燃焼後の灰分と共に溶融ス
ラグ化する。Here, in the lower tuyere portion 22, first, auxiliary materials (carbon materials such as coke) supplied together with the waste are burned at a high temperature by enrichment with oxygen, and the incombustibles are turned into molten slag together with the ash after the combustion.
【００２４】一方、上段羽口２１では空気吹き込みによ
り廃棄物中の可燃分を燃焼させ、主にシャフト部での廃
棄物自身の乾燥用熱源とする。すなわち、下段羽口２２
と上段羽口２１は上述のような炉内での燃焼機能の分担
を行っている。On the other hand, in the upper tuyere 21, the combustible components in the waste are burned by blowing air into the tuyere 21, which is mainly used as a heat source for drying the waste itself in the shaft portion. That is, the lower tuyere 22
And the upper tuyere 21 share the combustion function in the furnace as described above.
【００２５】従って、溶融炉から発生し２次燃焼炉へ供
給される燃焼負荷としてのガス中可燃分の量は上段羽口
２１及び下段羽口２２から吹き込まれる全酸素量に依存
するが、ここでは上、下段羽口からの送風のうち上段羽
口からの吹き込み空気のみを２次燃焼炉出口排ガス量一
定制御のための操作量とした実施例を示した。なお、下
段羽口送風空気量及び下段羽口酸素量を変化させる場合
は上、下段羽口の平均酸素濃度を２５％以上に維持する
条件にて制御可能である。Therefore, the amount of combustible gas in the gas as a combustion load generated from the melting furnace and supplied to the secondary combustion furnace depends on the total oxygen amount blown from the upper tuyere 21 and the lower tuyere 22. In the above examples, only the air blown from the upper tuyere of the air blown from the upper tuyere was used as the manipulated variable for the constant control of the exhaust gas amount at the outlet of the secondary combustion furnace. In addition, when changing the air volume of the lower tuyere and the oxygen amount of the lower tuyere, it can be controlled under the condition that the average oxygen concentration of the upper and lower tuyeres is maintained at 25% or more.
【００２６】図３は、本発明の燃焼制御を行った場合の
２次燃焼炉出口ガス流量の対時間変動（１分毎の平均
値）を示すものである。ｔ0 の時刻までは、２次燃焼炉
出口排ガス流量ＰＩＤ制御系の各パラメータを、比例ゲ
インＰ＝２．０，積分時間ＴI＝１．０ｓｅｃ，微分時
間ＴD ＝０．０ｓｅｃとした場合を示しており、比例ゲ
イン過大及び積分時間過少により制御量のオーバーシュ
ートが見られた。そこで、各係数を、比例ゲインＰ＝
１．０，積分時間ＴI ＝１０．０ｓｅｃ，微分時間ＴD
＝０．０ｓｅｃとしたところ、図３のｔ0 以降のよう
に、２次燃焼炉出口ガス流量が安定し最適制御となっ
た。FIG. 3 shows the variation over time (average value per minute) of the gas flow rate at the outlet of the secondary combustion furnace when the combustion control of the present invention is performed. until the time of t 0 is the parameters of the secondary combustion furnace exit exhaust gas flow rate PID control system, a proportional gain P = 2.0, the integral time T I = 1.0 sec, when the derivative time T D = 0.0 sec , And the control amount overshoot was observed due to the excessive proportional gain and the insufficient integration time. Therefore, each coefficient is set as a proportional gain P =
1.0, integration time T I = 10.0 sec, differentiation time T D
= 0.0 sec, the gas flow rate at the outlet of the secondary combustion furnace was stabilized and the optimum control was achieved, as shown at t 0 in FIG.
【００２７】図４は、無制御状態（溶融炉１の上段羽口
からの空気吹き込み量を一定とした場合）の２次燃焼炉
出口ガス流量の対時間変動を示すものである。これで
は、出口ガス流量はかなり変動していることがわかる。FIG. 4 shows the variation over time of the gas flow rate at the outlet of the secondary combustion furnace with no control (when the amount of air blown from the upper tuyere of the melting furnace 1 is constant). This shows that the outlet gas flow rate fluctuates considerably.
【００２８】図５及び図６は、それぞれ本発明の制御を
行った場合と行わなかった場合の出口ガス流量のばらつ
きを示すものである。すなわち横軸に目標平均流量Ｑに
対する目標値からの偏差δｑの割合を示し、また縦軸に
はその発生頻度を１分毎の平均値について示す。図５に
示す本発明の場合は、目標値に対する実績値の収束度が
良好であり、無制御状態を示す図６の場合は、ばらつき
が大きいことがわかる。FIGS. 5 and 6 show variations in the outlet gas flow rate when the control according to the present invention is performed and when the control is not performed, respectively. That is, the horizontal axis shows the ratio of the deviation δq from the target value to the target average flow rate Q, and the vertical axis shows the frequency of occurrence for the average value per minute. In the case of the present invention shown in FIG. 5, the convergence of the actual value to the target value is good, and in the case of FIG.
【００２９】[0029]
【発明の効果】上述したように、本発明によれば下記の
効果を奏する。As described above, according to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.
【００３０】 ２次燃焼炉出口側の排ガス温度及び流
量をともに一定に制御できるため、ごみ質等の外乱の影
響を受けることなく、蒸気エネルギーを高レベルで安定
して回収することができ、ごみ発電効率の向上をはじめ
とした余熱利用設備の効率向上が図れる。Since both the exhaust gas temperature and the flow rate at the outlet of the secondary combustion furnace can be controlled to be constant, it is possible to stably recover steam energy at a high level without being affected by disturbance such as waste quality. It is possible to improve the efficiency of residual heat utilization equipment, including the efficiency of power generation.
【００３１】 基本的には溶融炉への送風量を操作量
とした制御であり、溶融炉発生ガスからのダストの一時
的捕集は必須ではないため、設備構成の簡略化及びメン
テナンス性の改善を図ることができる。Basically, the control is based on the amount of air blown into the melting furnace as an operation amount, and it is not essential to temporarily collect dust from the gas generated from the melting furnace, so that the equipment configuration is simplified and the maintenance is improved. Can be achieved.
【００３２】 ２次燃焼炉における燃焼負荷の安定化
により、燃焼炉内での可燃物の燃焼性も良好に維持する
ことが容易となり、燃焼制御性の向上も図れる。By stabilizing the combustion load in the secondary combustion furnace, it is easy to maintain good combustibility of combustibles in the combustion furnace, and the combustion controllability can be improved.
【００３３】 燃焼系以降の通ガス量の安定化による
排ガス処理性能の安定化及び誘引通風量の安定化による
通気動力の安定化が図れる。It is possible to stabilize the exhaust gas treatment performance by stabilizing the amount of gas passing after the combustion system, and stabilize the ventilation power by stabilizing the induced air flow.
【図１】 本発明に係る装置の一例を示す構成図であ
る。FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of an apparatus according to the present invention.
【図２】 本発明に係る燃焼制御回路の構成例を示すブ
ロック図である。FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a combustion control circuit according to the present invention.
【図３】 本発明の燃焼制御を行った場合の２次燃焼炉
出口ガス流量の対時間変動を示すグラフである。FIG. 3 is a graph showing the variation of the gas flow rate at the outlet of the secondary combustion furnace with respect to time when the combustion control of the present invention is performed.
【図４】 本発明の燃焼制御を行わない場合の２次燃焼
炉出口ガス流量の対時間変動を示すグラフである。FIG. 4 is a graph showing the variation of the gas flow rate at the outlet of the secondary combustion furnace versus time when the combustion control of the present invention is not performed.
【図５】 本発明の制御を行った場合の出口ガス流量の
ばらつきを示す図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a variation in outlet gas flow rate when the control of the present invention is performed.
【図６】 本発明の制御を行わない場合の出口ガス流量
のばらつきを示す図である。FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a variation in outlet gas flow rate when the control of the present invention is not performed.
１ 溶融炉、２ ダクト、３ サイクロン、４ ２次燃
焼炉、５ バーナー部、６ ホッパ、７ スクリューフ
ィーダ、８ 煙突、９ 誘引通風機、１０ 温度検出
器、１１ 流量検出器、１２ 燃焼制御回路、１３ 流
量調節弁、１４ スクリューフィーダ駆動装置、１５
廃熱ボイラ、１６ 余熱利用設備、１７ 排ガス温度調
節器、１８ 集塵機、１９ 誘引通風機、２０ 燃焼用
空気ファン、２１上段羽口、２２ 下段羽口、２３ 出
湯口、２４ 空気吹き込み制御用調節弁、３０、４０
比例ゲインブロック、３１，４１ 比例・積分要素、３
２ 上段羽口風量設定回路、４２ ２次燃焼空気量設定
回路1 melting furnace, 2 ducts, 3 cyclones, 4 secondary combustion furnaces, 5 burners, 6 hoppers, 7 screw feeders, 8 chimneys, 9 induction ventilators, 10 temperature detectors, 11 flow detectors, 12 combustion control circuits, 13 Flow control valve, 14 Screw feeder drive, 15
Waste heat boiler, 16 Waste heat utilization equipment, 17 Exhaust gas temperature controller, 18 Dust collector, 19 Induction draft fan, 20 Combustion air fan, 21 Upper tuyere, 22 Lower tuyere, 23 Hot water outlet, 24 Control valve for air blowing control , 30, 40
Proportional gain block, 31, 41 proportional / integral element, 3
2 Upper tuyere air volume setting circuit, 42 Secondary combustion air volume setting circuit
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 加藤 也寸彦 福岡県北九州市戸畑区大字中原46−59 新日本製鐵株式会社 機械・プラント事 業部内 (56)参考文献 特開 平５−340520（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平３−244913（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平８−121727（ＪＰ，Ａ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) F23G 5/50 ZAB F23G 5/00 115 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Yasumihiko Kato 46-59 Ohara Nakahara, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka Nippon Steel Corporation Machinery & Plant Business Department (56) References JP-A-5-340520 (JP, A) JP-A-3-244913 (JP, A) JP-A-8-121727 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) F23G 5/50 ZAB F23G 5 / 00 115
Claims (2)
炉下部に配設した羽口から溶融炉内での廃棄物等の燃焼
及び熱分解のために空気及び／又は酸素等の燃焼支持ガ
スを吹き込み、発生した可燃性ガス等を２次燃焼炉で燃
焼し、その燃焼排ガスから廃熱を回収する廃棄物溶融炉
の燃焼制御方法において、 溶融炉下流側に設置する２次燃焼炉出口側の排ガス温度
及び排ガス流量を制御対象とし、該排ガス温度及び流量
が一定になるように、２次燃焼炉に供給する空気量及び
溶融炉の羽口から溶融炉内に供給する空気量及び／又は
酸素量を操作して２次燃焼炉下流側に設置する廃熱ボイ
ラの回収蒸気量を安定させることを特徴とする廃棄物溶
融炉の燃焼制御方法。In a shaft type waste melting furnace,
A combustion support gas such as air and / or oxygen is blown from a tuyere provided at the lower part of the furnace for combustion and pyrolysis of wastes in the melting furnace, and the generated combustible gas is used in a secondary combustion furnace. In a combustion control method for a waste melting furnace that burns and recovers waste heat from the combustion exhaust gas, the exhaust gas temperature and the exhaust gas flow rate at a secondary combustion furnace outlet side installed downstream of the melting furnace are controlled, and the exhaust gas temperature and It is installed downstream of the secondary combustion furnace by controlling the amount of air supplied to the secondary combustion furnace and the amount of air and / or oxygen supplied from the tuyere of the melting furnace into the melting furnace so that the flow rate is constant. A method for controlling combustion in a waste melting furnace, comprising stabilizing the amount of steam recovered from a waste heat boiler.
炉から発生するガス中の可燃性ダストを一部回収し、回
収した可燃性ダストを前記２次燃焼炉のバーナー段へ送
給し燃焼処理する燃焼設備を備えた廃棄物溶融炉におい
ては、排ガス流量を一定とするために前記燃焼炉のバー
ナー段へ送給する可燃性ダストの供給量をも操作量の一
部とすることを特徴とする請求項１記載の廃棄物溶融炉
の燃焼制御方法。2. A part of combustible dust in a gas generated from the melting furnace is recovered between a melting furnace and a secondary combustion furnace, and the recovered combustible dust is transferred to a burner stage of the secondary combustion furnace. In a waste melting furnace equipped with a combustion facility for feeding and burning, the supply amount of combustible dust to be supplied to the burner stage of the combustion furnace is also a part of the operation amount in order to keep the exhaust gas flow rate constant. The method for controlling combustion in a waste melting furnace according to claim 1, wherein:
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6304694A JP3027694B2 (en) | 1994-12-08 | 1994-12-08 | Combustion control method for waste melting furnace |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6304694A JP3027694B2 (en) | 1994-12-08 | 1994-12-08 | Combustion control method for waste melting furnace |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH08159436A JPH08159436A (en) | 1996-06-21 |
| JP3027694B2 true JP3027694B2 (en) | 2000-04-04 |
Family
ID=17936097
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6304694A Expired - Lifetime JP3027694B2 (en) | 1994-12-08 | 1994-12-08 | Combustion control method for waste melting furnace |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3027694B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE69724562T2 (en) * | 1996-06-24 | 2004-04-08 | Nippon Steel Corp. | COMBUSTION / MELTING METHOD FOR A WASTE MELT |
| JP4070646B2 (en) * | 2003-03-25 | 2008-04-02 | 三井造船株式会社 | Combustion control method and waste treatment apparatus |
| JP4873727B2 (en) * | 2007-03-29 | 2012-02-08 | 三井造船株式会社 | Apparatus and method for treating plastic-containing waste |
| JP5348714B2 (en) * | 2008-12-05 | 2013-11-20 | 新日鉄住金エンジニアリング株式会社 | Combustion control method and combustion control apparatus for waste melting furnace |
| JP5472848B2 (en) * | 2009-07-16 | 2014-04-16 | 新日鉄住金エンジニアリング株式会社 | Combustion chamber temperature control device in waste melting furnace equipment |
| JP5472847B2 (en) * | 2009-07-16 | 2014-04-16 | 新日鉄住金エンジニアリング株式会社 | Steam volume control device for waste melting furnace equipment |
-
1994
- 1994-12-08 JP JP6304694A patent/JP3027694B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH08159436A (en) | 1996-06-21 |
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