CN213630428U - High-temperature melting and solidifying disposal system for coupling waste gasification fly ash with coal burning - Google Patents
High-temperature melting and solidifying disposal system for coupling waste gasification fly ash with coal burning Download PDFInfo
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- CN213630428U CN213630428U CN202022250390.1U CN202022250390U CN213630428U CN 213630428 U CN213630428 U CN 213630428U CN 202022250390 U CN202022250390 U CN 202022250390U CN 213630428 U CN213630428 U CN 213630428U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a coal-fired burning high temperature melting solidification processing system of waste gasification flying dust coupling, include: the system comprises a gasification furnace device, a gas cooler, a gas induced draft fan, a combustor and a coal-fired boiler; the gasifier device comprises a garbage bin, a gasifier body and an air blower, wherein the inlet of the gasifier body is respectively connected with the discharge port of the garbage bin and the outlet of the air blower, the outlet of the gasifier body is connected with the gas inlet of a gas cooler, the gas outlet of the gas cooler is connected with the inlet of a burner through a gas draught fan and a pipeline, and the burner sprays gas into a coal-fired boiler. The utility model has the advantages that: the utility model introduces the coal-fired boiler as the fly ash high-temperature melting and solidifying device, which can save the investment of the ash removing device and avoid the secondary pollution possibly caused by the process of collecting and transporting the fly ash; the utility model discloses a combustor export sets up the baffle angle, guarantees that the temperature interval that gasification flying dust and coal-fired coupling burned controls more than 1200 ℃ all the time.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a solid waste's resource processing field such as municipal solid waste, concretely relates to waste gasification flying dust coupling coal-fired burning high temperature melting solidification processing system.
Background
The waste incineration power generation can generate a large amount of fly ash (accounting for about 10-15% of the total amount of the waste), the fly ash mainly contains inorganic matters, then leachable heavy metal elements and dioxin with a certain concentration are attached, and if the fly ash is directly buried without being solidified, the heavy metals can be leached and transferred to soil and underground water, so that secondary pollution is caused. According to the regulations of the pollution control Standard for incineration of domestic garbage (GB18485-2014), the fly ash from incineration of domestic garbage should be collected, stored, transported and disposed separately, and should be managed according to hazardous waste. Therefore, how to reasonably and effectively treat the waste incineration fly ash is a difficult problem to be solved urgently in domestic environmental protection at present.
The melting solidification is the most stable and safe treatment method of the waste incineration fly ash which is generally recognized at present, so that the dioxin in the fly ash can be thoroughly eliminated, the long-term stability of the solidified heavy metal is ensured, the volume of the fly ash is greatly reduced, and the high-temperature melting solidification fly ash can form a rigid amorphous glassy substance, so that the heavy metal in the fly ash forms a form which is difficult to leach out, and can be used as materials of civil engineering, buildings and the like, and the waste recycling degree can be further improved. But its disadvantages are that it consumes a lot of energy and the investment of high temperature equipment is also large.
The key point of gasification, melting and solidification of garbage is to obtain high temperature of about 1200-1400 ℃, and the main methods adopted at present are a plasma method, a fuel method and an electric heating method, and the method can be divided into a fuel type melting furnace and an electric type melting furnace according to a heat source. The surface melting furnace is the most typical of a fuel type melting furnace, takes fuel gas as fuel, but generates a large amount of smoke and has small treatment capacity; the arc melting furnace is an electric melting furnace using electric power as a melting heat source, mainly uses high-temperature arc to melt and solidify ash, has less exhaust emission and is easy to process, but has the defects of needing more pure operation skill and easily damaging a slag discharge port. The plasma melting furnace is a furnace using electricity as fuel, mainly comprises a furnace body, a plasma nozzle, a direct current power supply, air supply and other equipment, and has high decomposition rate of dioxin. The problems common to the above processes are: high energy consumption, complex equipment, large investment and the like.
In order to stably treat the garbage gasification fly ash, the utility model with the publication number of CN106642139A discloses a device for directly melting the household garbage pyrolysis gasification fly ash and a using method thereof, wherein the gasification fly ash generated by the primary pyrolysis of the household garbage enters a secondary combustion chamber for high-temperature melting, so as to thoroughly decompose dioxin in the fly ash and solidify heavy metals in the fly ash. However, the process proposed in the patent does not provide a guarantee that the device is stabilized at a temperature of more than 1200 ℃, and meanwhile, the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber is mainly provided by the combustion of waste pyrolysis gas with a common heat value, so that a higher temperature environment cannot be stably provided, and the continuous and stable decomposition of dioxin and the solidification of heavy metals in the whole period cannot be guaranteed. In addition, the melting point of the domestic garbage ash is basically below 1200 ℃, and the patent does not consider the influence of the fly ash after being melted at high temperature on a secondary combustion chamber, a heating surface and the like.
And the utility model with the publication number of CN1873326A discloses a system and a method for gasifying, melting and incinerating municipal solid waste, and the utility model utilizes a melting incinerator to melt and solidify waste gasifying fly ash so as to thoroughly solve the problem of melting and solidifying the gasifying fly ash. However, the high temperature melting environment of the process proposed in the patent is provided by the garbage gasification fuel gas, and the heat value of the high temperature melting environment cannot continuously and stably guarantee the high temperature environment of 1300-. In addition, the patent does not consider how to solve the problems of coking and the like caused by the molten fly ash.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at overcoming the defects in the prior art and providing a high-temperature melting and solidifying disposal system for coupling the waste gasification fly ash with the coal burning.
This kind of waste gasification flying ash coupling coal burning high temperature melting solidification processing system, including gasifier device, gas cooler, gas draught fan, combustor and coal fired boiler, the gasifier device includes garbage bin, gasifier body and air-blower, and the gasifier body import is connected with the discharge gate in garbage bin and the export of air-blower respectively, and the gasifier body export is connected with the gas import of gas cooler, and the gas export of gas cooler is connected with the import of combustor through gas draught fan and pipeline, and the combustor spouts the gas into coal fired boiler, and the combustor export sets up the baffle that can suitably adjust the gas and spout the angle.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the cooling medium inlet of the gas cooler is connected with a cooling medium, and the gas cooler is a plate-shell type or shell-and-tube type heat exchanger outside a gasified combustible gas running pipe and inside a cooling medium running pipe.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the inlet of the blower is a gasifying agent, the outlet of the blower is connected with the inlet of the air chamber of the gasification furnace body, and the gasifying agent is generally air or oxygen.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the gasification furnace body is a fixed bed gasification furnace or a fluidized bed gasification furnace.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the gas induced draft fan is an explosion-proof axial flow fan, and the designed medium temperature can reach 500 ℃ at most.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the burner is a gas burner, the burner is arranged in a boiler hearth area, in order to ensure the combustion sufficiency, an upper channel, a middle channel and a lower channel are arranged in the longitudinal direction of a baffle plate at the outlet of the burner, the two channels can be closed at any time, and combustible gas can be respectively sprayed to different combustion temperature ranges when the two channels are completely opened, so that good coupling incineration can be realized, and the melting and solidification of heavy metals can be fully realized.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the coal-fired boiler is a large-scale pulverized coal boiler with subcritical and above parameters.
The utility model has the advantages that: the utility model introduces the coal-fired boiler as the fly ash high-temperature melting and solidifying device, which can save the investment of the ash removing device and avoid the secondary pollution possibly caused by the process of collecting and transporting the fly ash; the utility model discloses a combustor export sets up the baffle angle, guarantees that the temperature interval that gasification flying dust and coal-fired coupling burned controls more than 1200 ℃ all the time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a high-temperature melting and solidifying disposal system for coupling waste gasification fly ash with coal burning;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a gas burner baffle.
Description of reference numerals: garbage bin 1, gasifier body 2, gas cooler 3, gas draught fan 4, air-blower 5, combustor 6, coal fired boiler 7.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. The following description of the embodiments is merely provided to aid in understanding the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, the present invention can be further modified and modified, and such modifications and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.
The flying ash generated by high-temperature gasification of the garbage is carried into a coal-fired boiler along with gasified combustible gas, the problem that the stable high-temperature environment (more than 1200 ℃) cannot be maintained by simply burning the garbage gasified fuel gas with relatively low calorific value is solved by relying on the whole-time continuous stable high-temperature environment (more than 1200 ℃) generated by pulverized coal burning of the coal-fired boiler, and meanwhile, the problems of high energy consumption, complex equipment, large investment and the like of melting furnaces such as a plasma method, a fuel method, an electric heating method and the like are successfully solved by relying on the existing coal-fired boiler which normally operates. The fly ash can be reduced by more than 50%, and the fly ash is converted into general industrial solid waste, can be mixed into the boiler fly ash to be used as a building raw material or an auxiliary material and the like, and can further realize the harmlessness, reduction and recycling of garbage disposal.
Example 1
In the present embodiment, the structure of the present patent will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a high-temperature melting and solidifying disposal system for coupling waste gasification fly ash with coal burning, which includes a gasification furnace device, a gas cooler 3, a gas induced draft fan 4, a burner 6 and a coal-fired boiler 7.
The gasification furnace device comprises a garbage bin 1, a gasification furnace body 2, an air blower 5 and the like, wherein the inlet of the gasification furnace body 2 is respectively connected with the discharge hole of the garbage bin 1 and the hot air outlet of the air blower 5, the outlet of the gasification furnace body 2 is connected with the fuel gas inlet of a fuel gas cooler 3, the fuel gas outlet of the fuel gas cooler 3 is connected with the inlet of a combustor 6 through a fuel gas induced draft fan 4 and a pipeline, and the combustor 6 sprays fuel gas into a coal-fired boiler 7.
The fuel in the garbage bin 1 is garbage derived fuel or combustible general industrial garbage.
The gas cooler 3 reduces the temperature of the gasified combustible gas from 650-750 ℃ to 400-500 ℃, thus fully reducing the investment on gas induced draft fan equipment, gas conveying pipelines and related accessories and prolonging the service life of the equipment.
The inlet of the air blower is a gasifying agent, the outlet of the air blower is connected with the inlet of the air chamber of the gasification furnace body, and the gasifying agent is air and can be preheated in a certain mode and then sent into the air blower.
The coal-fired boiler 7 is a supercritical or ultra-supercritical parameter large-scale pulverized coal boiler and keeps negative pressure operation.
The gasification furnace body 2 is a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace and keeps negative pressure operation. In order to further reduce the melting point of the garbage ash and realize better melting and solidification, a certain amount of silicon dioxide is preferably added into the gasification furnace as a fluxing agent in the gasification process.
The gas cooler 3 is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger for the gasified combustible gas to flow out of the tube and the cooling medium to flow in the tube.
The gas induced draft fan 4 is an explosion-proof axial flow fan, and the maximum designed medium temperature can reach 500 ℃.
The combustor 6 is a gas combustor and is arranged in a boiler furnace area, a baffle is arranged at an outlet of the combustor to properly adjust the spraying angle, and the angle of the gasified fly ash sprayed into the furnace along with the gasified gas can be adjusted within a certain range when the operation load of the boiler changes. Wherein, in order to guarantee the sufficiency of burning, the baffle is vertically equipped with upper, middle, lower three channels (as shown in figure 2), in order to guarantee that burning is even abundant and heavy metal fully solidifies the melting, close the upper strata fuel gas channel preferentially, combustible gas sprays into the boiler through two channels of middle and lower.
The air blower 5 is controlled by a variable frequency motor, and when the operation load of the gasification furnace fluctuates, variable working condition adjustment is carried out, and the energy consumption in variable working conditions is reduced.
Example 2
In this embodiment, specific embodiments of the present patent will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The technical scheme is generally applied to the garbage gasification process. Before the technical scheme is implemented, parameters such as moisture, heat value, ash content and ash melting point of the needed gasified garbage, components of gasified fuel gas, gas production rate and heat value are needed to be known, data and parameters such as coal fuel characteristics, pulverized coal burner arrangement conditions, hearth combustion temperature intervals and annual operating load rate of a coal-fired boiler to be coupled are determined, and a proper gasification furnace, a gas induced draft fan and a gas burner are selected according to the known data and parameter information; and determining the number and the optimal installation position of the gas burners, the maximum garbage disposal amount per hour, the maximum coupling gasification combustible gas flow per hour and the amount of gasification fly ash carried and sprayed.
As shown in fig. 1, the patent provides a high-temperature melting and solidifying disposal system for coupling waste gasification fly ash with coal burning, which comprises a gasification furnace device, a gas cooler 3, a gas induced draft fan 4, a burner 6 and a coal-fired boiler 7.
The garbage enters the gasification furnace 2 from the garbage bin 1 to be subjected to high-temperature gasification and then is divided into two paths, one path of high-temperature gasification combustible gas carrying fly ash generated by gasification enters the coal-fired boiler 7 through the gas cooler 3, the gas induced draft fan 4 and the combustor 6 to be subjected to coupled incineration, and the other path of gasification furnace slag is discharged through the slag discharge device of the gasification furnace body to be directly subjected to resource utilization as common solid waste. The gas cooler 3 can reduce the mixed high-temperature gas of the gasified combustible gas and the gasified fly ash to 400-500 ℃, simultaneously ensure that substances such as tar in the gasified combustible gas are not separated out, and avoid the influences of blockage, corrosion and the like on the gas cooler 3, the gas induced draft fan 4, the gas conveying pipeline and the like.
The combustor area temperature of the coal-fired boiler 7 is generally higher than 1400 ℃, in order to ensure that the combustor arrangement does not influence the normal operation of the coal-fired boiler and the sufficient combustion of gasified combustible gas, and achieve better high-temperature calcination and melting solidification of gasified fly ash, the design of the combustor 6 at the arrangement position of a hearth and an outlet baffle is more critical, and the comprehensive research and determination needs to be carried out by combining numerical simulation in the technical application.
The following description is given of a specific application of the system with reference to an application example:
take a gasification system with 13t/h gasification disposal scale of refuse derived fuel as an example. The used gasification fuel is refuse derived fuel, the calorific value is about 2250kcal/kg, the ash content is about 25 percent, the ash melting point is about 1180 ℃,gasification gas flow rate of about 23400Nm3The calorific value of the gasified fuel gas is about 977kcal/Nm3The gasification temperature of the gasification furnace is maintained at 650-750 ℃. The coupled coal-fired boiler is an ultra-supercritical front-rear wall opposed combustion type pulverized coal boiler, the average operating load rate is about 65 percent, under the boiler type, a gas burner is suitable to be arranged below a lower layer burner of over-fire air, an upper channel is closed in three channels of a gas baffle, only a middle channel and a lower channel are reserved, through the arrangement, gasified combustible gas with the temperature of 450 plus materials and the temperature of 480 ℃ is sprayed into the ultra-supercritical front-rear wall opposed combustion type pulverized coal boiler in a stable combustion state, when the coupled combustion is sufficient, the average smoke temperature of the gas burner layer under different loads can reach more than 1280 ℃, the temperature condition of the gasification melting and solidification of the fly ash is ensured, meanwhile, the average ash melting point of the mixed fly ash of the gasified fly ash and the coal-fired fly ash can be controlled to be more than 1280 ℃ and more than 150 ℃ higher than the temperature of 100 plus materials and the temperature of a hearth outlet, the risk of coking of the boiler can be avoided.
By coupling the high-temperature melting and solidifying treatment of the fire coal, the dioxin in the fly ash can be reduced to 0.02ngTEQ/m3The leaching concentrations of organic matters, inorganic elements and compounds are lower than the limit value specified in the Standard for identifying hazardous waste leach toxicity identification (GB5085.3-2007), the contents of heavy metal compounds and organic compounds toxic substances are lower than the limit value specified in the Standard for identifying hazardous waste toxic substances identification (GB5085.6-2007), and the gasified fly ash after high-temperature melting and solidification is expected to be used as a building raw material or an auxiliary material after being subjected to solid waste qualification by the environmental protection department.
The utility model discloses introduce coal fired boiler as flying dust high temperature melting solidification equipment, the gasification flying dust can let in coal fired boiler along with gasification combustible gas in the lump, need not to carry out secondary high temperature melting solidification again after additionally gathering the flying dust through gasification flying dust collector, except can saving the ash handling device investment, has still avoided the gathering flying dust to transport the secondary pollution that the processing procedure probably caused.
The utility model discloses a combustor export sets up the baffle angle, can adjust the gasification flying dust and spout furnace's angle along with the gasification gas in the certain limit when boiler operation load changes, guarantees that the temperature interval that gasification flying dust and coal-fired coupling burned controls more than 1200 ℃ all the time.
Compared with garbage gasified fuel gas, the coal-fired boiler has higher heat value and better combustion characteristic, the coal powder combustion process can maintain the high-temperature environment of 1200-1400 ℃ which is continuous and stable in the full-load period, the temperature condition of high-temperature melting and solidification of the garbage fly ash is completely ensured, the complete decomposition of dioxin and organic matters in the fly ash and the complete solidification and stabilization of high-temperature melting of heavy metals can be realized, the fly ash which originally belongs to dangerous waste is converted into general industrial solid waste and is doped into the fly ash to be used as building raw materials or auxiliary materials and the like, and the harmlessness, reduction and recycling of garbage disposal can be further realized.
The melting point of the household garbage incineration fly ash is generally lower than 1200 ℃, the coking problem caused by the conventional high-temperature melting mode can not be solved, and the technology can improve the melting temperature of the garbage fly ash to be more than 1280 ℃ on average by coupling and incinerating the garbage gasification fly ash and coal and utilizing the blending of the coal-fired fly ash with high ash melting point (more than 1300 ℃) and the garbage fly ash with low ash melting point, thereby successfully solving the coking problem caused by the melting of the fly ash.
Claims (6)
1. A high-temperature melting and solidifying disposal system for coupling waste gasification fly ash with coal burning is characterized in that: including gasifier device, gas cooler (3), gas draught fan (4), combustor (6) and coal fired boiler (7), the gasifier device includes garbage bin (1), gasifier body (2) and air-blower (5), and the export of gasifier body (2) import respectively with the discharge gate of garbage bin (1) and air-blower (5) is connected, and the export of gasifier body (2) is connected with the gas import of gas cooler (3), and the gas export of gas cooler (3) is connected with the import of combustor (6) through gas draught fan (4) and pipeline, and combustor (6) export sets up the baffle that adjustable gas spouts the angle.
2. The waste gasification fly ash coupling coal burning high temperature melting solidification disposal system according to claim 1, wherein: and a cooling medium inlet of the gas cooler (3) is connected with a cooling medium, and the gas cooler is a plate-shell type or shell-and-tube type heat exchanger outside a gasified combustible gas running pipe and inside a cooling medium running pipe.
3. The waste gasification fly ash coupling coal burning high temperature melting solidification disposal system according to claim 1, wherein: the inlet of the air blower (5) is a gasifying agent, the outlet of the air blower (5) is connected with the inlet of the air chamber of the gasification furnace body (2), and the gasifying agent is air or oxygen.
4. The waste gasification fly ash coupling coal burning high temperature melting solidification disposal system according to claim 1, wherein: the gasification furnace body (2) is a fixed bed gasification furnace or a fluidized bed gasification furnace.
5. The waste gasification fly ash coupling coal burning high temperature melting solidification disposal system according to claim 1, wherein: the gas induced draft fan (4) is an explosion-proof axial flow fan.
6. The waste gasification fly ash coupling coal burning high temperature melting solidification disposal system according to claim 1, wherein: the combustor (6) is a gas combustor, the combustor (6) is arranged in a boiler hearth area, and an upper channel, a middle channel and a lower channel are arranged in the longitudinal direction of a baffle at the outlet of the combustor (6); the coal-fired boiler (7) is a large-scale pulverized coal boiler with subcritical and above parameters.
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| CN202022250390.1U CN213630428U (en) | 2020-10-10 | 2020-10-10 | High-temperature melting and solidifying disposal system for coupling waste gasification fly ash with coal burning |
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| CN202022250390.1U CN213630428U (en) | 2020-10-10 | 2020-10-10 | High-temperature melting and solidifying disposal system for coupling waste gasification fly ash with coal burning |
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