CN112944353A - Thermal plasma waste incineration device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a thermal plasma waste incineration device, which comprises: the incinerator is connected with a secondary combustion chamber, garbage is incinerated by the incinerator and then goes to the secondary combustion chamber to remove residual organic matters, the incinerator comprises an upper furnace body, a lower furnace body and a material channel communicated with the upper furnace body and the lower furnace body, and the width of the material channel is smaller than that of the upper furnace body and the lower furnace body; a plurality of plasma torches are arranged in the incinerator and the secondary combustion chamber, and the flame core temperature of the plasma torches is more than 3000 ℃. The thermal plasma waste incineration device provided by the invention is used for incinerating waste by utilizing the thermal plasma technology, the incinerator can be automatically closed after reaching the preset temperature, so that the full energy conservation is realized, and the incinerated flue gas can enter the secondary combustion chamber for further recovery treatment, so that the flue gas is effectively treated, and the treatment cost is lower.

Description

Thermal plasma waste incineration device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of waste incineration treatment, in particular to a thermal plasma waste incineration device.

Background

In the prior art, domestic garbage mainly comprises three main treatment modes of landfill, incineration and composting, and the currently leading domestic garbage treatment mode is landfill treatment. Along with the continuous optimization and adjustment of the garbage disposal structure, the incineration disposal gradually becomes the main stream of the market. Compared with the high cost investment and potential secondary pollution risks of surface and underground water resources for subsequent sealing recovery and daily anti-seepage maintenance by landfill treatment, and the high cost and low income of compost treatment project construction and the problem of heavy metal pollution caused by the treatment process, the incineration treatment has overwhelming advantages in the aspects of economic benefit, marketization degree, pollution control, sustainability and the like compared with the former two treatment methods. In addition, as the urbanization rate is increased in recent years, the urban land is tense to cause a conflict of land supply and demand, so that the land area of infrastructure of the refuse landfill is limited, and the land price is greatly increased to further raise the refuse landfill cost; in addition, the problem of 'surrounding city of garbage' caused by the continuous increase of the cleaning and transporting amount of the urban domestic garbage is outstanding, so that the superiority of an incineration treatment mode in the aspects of economy, environment, social benefit and the like is more outstanding, and the mainstream position of the incineration treatment mode is more obvious in the future.

From the mainstream furnace types and process analysis of mechanical grate incinerators, rotary kiln incinerators, fluidized bed incinerators, emerging pyrolysis gasification incinerators and the like with mature waste incineration processing technology and equipment at present, great progress is made on the furnace type technology, and the method is better applied in some practices. However, several main gasification technologies adopted at present have high construction, operation and maintenance costs, and the incineration device usually adopts fuel oil, fuel gas or coal as a heat source for combustion supporting. The method has the problems of large energy consumption, low heat efficiency, easy coking to cause shutdown accidents, relatively high flue gas treatment cost and the like.

In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a thermal plasma incineration device, which incinerates garbage by utilizing a thermal plasma technology, the incinerator can be automatically closed after reaching a preset temperature, so that the thermal plasma incineration device is sufficient and energy-saving, the incinerator can supplement sufficient air in real time, and oxygen required by decomposition of organic matters in incineration flue gas is ensured, so that the organic matters in the flue gas can be rapidly cracked, gasified and combusted, and the incinerated flue gas can enter a secondary combustion chamber for further recovery treatment, so that the flue gas is effectively treated, and the treatment cost is low.

The present invention provides a thermal plasma incineration apparatus, including: the incinerator is connected with a secondary combustion chamber, garbage is incinerated by the incinerator and then goes to the secondary combustion chamber to remove residual organic matters, the incinerator comprises an upper furnace body, a lower furnace body and a material channel communicated with the upper furnace body and the lower furnace body, and the width of the material channel is smaller than that of the upper furnace body and the lower furnace body;

a plurality of thermal plasma torches are arranged in the incinerator and the secondary combustion chamber, and the flame core temperature of the plasma torches is more than 3000 ℃.

In the prior art, the mainstream furnace types of mechanical grate incinerators, rotary kiln incinerators, fluidized bed incinerators, emerging pyrolysis gasification incinerators and the like which are relatively mature in foreign waste incineration processing technology and equipment at present generally adopt fuel oil, gas or coal as heat sources for supporting combustion. The method not only needs to consume a large amount of energy, but also has low thermal efficiency and is easy to coke to cause shutdown accidents.

The invention provides a thermal plasma garbage incineration device, which adopts thermal plasma as a combustion source to incinerate garbage without preheating in advance, a uniform thermal field is formed in the thermal plasma incinerator by using air as a thermal plasma torch array of working gas, the plasma torch is automatically closed after the incinerator temperature reaches a preset temperature, a material channel in the middle of the incinerator is designed to be a slender structure, the heat accumulation effect of a lower furnace body is improved, and the designed structure enables the thermal plasma torch to be closer to the garbage to be incinerated and can perform certain protection effect on the thermal plasma arranged on the lower furnace body. The garbage is primarily incinerated in the incinerator, the temperature is also relatively controlled to be between 700-plus-900 ℃ (the temperature is adjusted and set according to the working condition), then the garbage is fully combusted in the secondary combustion chamber, the temperature is increased to be between 1200-plus-1500 ℃ (the temperature is adjusted and set according to the working condition), the harmless treatment of the garbage can be realized through the treatment of the incinerator and the secondary combustion chamber, the environment is protected, and no waste is generated.

The device of the invention does not influence the whole incineration process even if the water content of the garbage is 40 percent, because the incoming garbage is firstly dried in the incinerator and the partial garbage is pyrolyzed and gasified, the temperature of the common incinerator is controlled between 700 and 900 ℃ (the temperature is adjusted and set according to the working condition), the garbage can be dried and can be partially pyrolyzed, gasified and carbonized under the temperature condition, the uncracked tar, dioxin and other substances can also go to the next secondary combustion chamber for further pyrolysis and gasification, the temperature of the common secondary combustion chamber is controlled at 1500 ℃ and 1500 ℃ (the temperature is adjusted and set according to the working condition), the carbide, tar and the like falling into the chamber can be pyrolyzed and gasified into usable energy within seconds, and the device is energy-saving and efficient and can not be realized in the prior art. The whole operation process has low energy consumption, low requirements on raw materials and stronger application effect.

In the device, the flame core temperature of a plurality of thermal plasma torches arranged in the incinerator and the secondary combustion chamber is more than 3000 ℃, the service life is longer than 3000 hours, and a uniform thermal field can be formed in the incinerator and the secondary combustion chamber through the arrangement of the plurality of thermal plasma torches. The thermal efficiency of the thermal plasma torch reaches up to 90 percent, which is obviously higher than that of the conventional technologies such as gas burning, fuel burning and the like.

The thermal plasma torch array with air as working gas forms homogeneous thermal field in the second combustion chamber to decompose the organic matter in the incinerated fume completely.

Preferably, as a further practicable scheme, the diameter of the lower furnace body is larger than that of the upper furnace body, and a plurality of thermal plasma torches are laid on the side wall of the lower furnace body. The structure heat energy of design like this can fully polymerize in the furnace body down, and thermal plasma torch all sets up on the lateral wall of furnace body down, does not set up on the lateral wall of last furnace body because rubbish can carry out more abundant contact with thermal plasma torch in the furnace body down, and the contact should not be burned fast to the speed that goes up furnace body rubbish and drop.

Preferably, as a further practicable aspect, the top surface of the lower furnace body is a slope, and the thermal plasma torches are sequentially and uniformly arranged on the top surface along an inclined direction. The top surface can be a plane or an inclined surface, and the top surface is an inclined surface in an optimal mode, so that the structure that the top surface of the lower furnace body is designed into the inclined surface is more favorable for improving the heat collecting effect. The thermal plasma torches can be arranged in an inclined direction or a vertical direction, and in order to better burn and contact with garbage, the thermal plasma torches are preferably arranged in an inclined manner, the number is not limited, and the number can be increased or decreased appropriately according to specific actual operation conditions. In order to achieve the effect of temperature control and ensure the service life of the plasma torch, the thermal plasma torches at different parts can be switched on in use.

Preferably, as a further practicable scheme, the top surface of the secondary combustion chamber is a plane or a dome-shaped top surface, and the thermal plasma torches are sequentially and uniformly arranged on the top surface along the vertical direction. In order to meet the requirement of sufficient combustion in the combustion chamber, the flame head of the thermal plasma torch is large, so that the combustion efficiency can be improved, and the requirement of sufficient combustion is met. The thermal plasma torch arranged at the top of the secondary combustion chamber can supplement a proper amount of air to the secondary combustion chamber, so that the oxygen demand for decomposing organic matters in the incineration flue gas is ensured.

Preferably, as a further practicable scheme, the incinerator or the secondary combustion chamber further comprises a screw slag discharger, the screw slag discharger is located at the bottom of the incinerator and the secondary combustion chamber, and the screw slag discharger is internally provided with a spiral structure so as to avoid heat exchange between the incinerator or the secondary combustion chamber and external air. External air can not directly enter the incinerator, and heat in the incinerator can not be transferred to the outside in the same way, so that the whole energy-saving effect is obvious.

Preferably, as a further practicable scheme, the incinerator further comprises a garbage feeding hopper and a screw conveyor, wherein the screw conveyor is connected with the outer side wall of the incinerator for conveying garbage into the incinerator.

Preferably, as a further implementable scheme, a rotary grate is arranged at the bottom in the incinerator and connected with a blower, and air is uniformly distributed into the incinerator through the rotation of the rotary grate so as to provide air required by waste incineration. The incinerator in the prior art generally adopts a furnace body for rotation, and the rotary grate is designed and driven by a servo motor to rotate, so that the combustion effect can be improved, and the energy is saved and the operation is easy. The servo motor drives the rotary grate to realize the functions of air distribution and partial slag discharge.

Preferably, as a further implementable scheme, the incinerator also comprises an explosion venting device which is arranged at the top of the incinerator and the secondary combustion chamber so as to improve the safety of the whole device.

Further, as a further practicable scheme, slag generated by incineration is discharged from a slag outlet through a screw slag extractor at the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber.

Preferably, as a further implementable scheme, the incinerator further comprises a PLC control system, and the PLC control system is used for controlling the working states of the incinerator and the secondary combustion chamber.

The device realizes the full automatic control of the processes of adjusting the servo motor by the servo driver, driving the grate to rotate by the servo motor, driving the grate to rotate, rotating the grate, feeding garbage, a blower, a screw conveyor, an explosion venting device, a thermal plasma torch array, an incinerator, a secondary combustion chamber, a screw slag discharger and the like under the control of the PLC, and ensures the stable working condition.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical effects that:

1) the flame core temperature of the thermal plasma torch is more than 3000 ℃, the working temperature of the incinerator is 700-900 ℃, the working temperature of the secondary combustion chamber is 1200-1500 ℃, and the temperatures of the incinerator and the secondary combustion chamber are adjusted and set according to actual working conditions. The garbage is incinerated in the thermal plasma incinerator, the generated flue gas enters the thermal plasma secondary combustion chamber, and the thermal plasma torch can supplement sufficient air to ensure the oxygen required by the decomposition of organic matters in the incinerated flue gas, so that the organic matters (including harmful gases such as tar, dioxin and the like) in the flue gas are rapidly cracked, gasified and combusted, the flue gas is effectively treated, and the treatment cost is low.

2) The incinerator and the secondary combustion chamber are respectively provided with explosion venting devices to ensure the safety of the system.

3) The rotary fire grate is driven by a servo motor, stepless speed change is realized, if failure occurs, the maintenance is simple, and compared with the traditional gear-driven (furnace body rotation and fire grate rotation) gasification incinerator, the appearance design of the furnace body can only be circular, the supporting structure is complex, and the manufacturing cost is high; if the fire grate fails, the furnace must be shut down for maintenance, the maintenance cost is high, and the structural sealing problem is easy to exist.

4) The incineration device has lower manufacturing cost and operation cost and is more convenient to maintain; the utility model can be used when being opened, thereby saving energy; traditional fuels such as coal, fuel oil, fuel gas or natural gas are not needed for combustion supporting, and the risk of explosion is avoided; only need power consumption and air, the electric heat conversion efficiency is high, environmental protection, energy-conservation, safety, easy operation, start and shut down rapidly, PLC control full automatization operation.

Drawings

Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a thermal plasma waste incineration device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Wherein:

1-explosion venting device; 2-a garbage feed hopper; 3-screw conveyor; 4-a thermal plasma torch; 5-rotating the grate; 6-a blower; 7-a servo motor; 8-a slag outlet; 9-an incinerator; 10-a flue gas discharge port; 11-screw slag extractor; 12-a second combustion chamber; 91-upper furnace body; 92-lower furnace body; 93-material path.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following described embodiments are some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention, and are only used for illustrating the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the following description is made in the form of specific embodiments.

Examples

As shown in fig. 1, the thermal plasma waste incineration apparatus according to the present invention includes: the incinerator 9 is communicated with the secondary combustion chamber 12, the garbage is incinerated by the incinerator 9 and then goes to the secondary combustion chamber 12 to remove residual organic matters, the temperature of the incinerator 9 is controlled to be 700-plus-900 ℃ (the temperature is adjusted and set according to working conditions), the garbage can be dried under the temperature condition, the garbage can also be partially cracked, gasified and carbonized, materials such as tar and dioxin which are not cracked can also go to the secondary combustion chamber 12 at the next stage for further cracking and gasification, and the working temperature of the secondary combustion chamber 12 is controlled to be 1200-plus-1500 ℃ (the temperature is adjusted and set according to the working conditions). A plurality of thermal plasma torches 4 are arranged in the incinerator 9 and the secondary combustion chamber 12, the flame core temperature of the thermal plasma torches 4 is more than 3000 ℃, and the service life of the thermal plasma torches is more than 3000 hours.

The incinerator 9 comprises an upper furnace body 91, a lower furnace body 92 and a material channel 93 for communicating the upper furnace body 91 with the lower furnace body 92, the width of the material channel 93 is smaller than that of the upper furnace body 91 and that of the lower furnace body 92, the diameter of the lower furnace body 92 is larger than that of the upper furnace body 91, a plurality of thermal plasma torches 4 are paved on the side wall of the lower furnace body 92, the top surface of the lower furnace body 92 is a slope, and the thermal plasma torches 4 are sequentially and uniformly arranged on the top surface of the lower furnace body 92 in the inclined direction. Go up furnace body 91 and mainly play the cushioning effect of rubbish feeding, then fall into lower furnace body 92 of lower part behind narrow material passageway 93, dry, gasification under the effect of thermal plasma torch 4, lower furnace body 92's the great and design of volume is for the structure of relatively gathering heat to the treatment effect has been improved.

The bottom in the incinerator 9 is provided with a rotary grate 5, the rotary grate 5 is connected with a blower 6, and air is uniformly distributed into the incinerator 9 through the rotation of the rotary grate 5 so as to provide air required by garbage incineration. The rotary grate 5 is driven by the servo motor 7 to rotate, so that the combustion effect can be improved, and the energy is saved and the operation is easy. The servo motor 7 drives the rotary grate 5 to realize the functions of air distribution and partial slag discharge.

On the outer side wall of the incinerator 9, a garbage feed hopper 2 and a screw conveyor 3 are provided for transporting garbage into the incinerator 9 for convenience of transportation.

The top surface of the secondary combustion chamber 12 is a plane or a dome-shaped top surface, the thermal plasma torches 4 are sequentially and uniformly arranged on the top surface along the vertical direction, and the injection head of the thermal plasma torch 4 arranged in the secondary combustion chamber 12 is larger than the injection head of the thermal plasma torch 4 arranged in the incinerator 9.

The bottom of the incinerator 9 and the secondary combustion chamber 12 is provided with a screw slag extractor 11, and the screw slag extractor 11 is internally provided with a spiral structure so as to avoid heat exchange between the incinerator 9 or the secondary combustion chamber 12 and external air. A slag hole 8 is arranged at the bottom of a screw slag extractor 11 at the bottom of the secondary combustion chamber 12, and a smoke discharge port 10 is correspondingly arranged on the side wall of the secondary combustion chamber 12. In order to improve the safety of the whole device, an explosion venting device 1 is arranged at the top of the incinerator 9 and the secondary combustion chamber 12.

The device provided by the invention also comprises a PLC control system, and the device realizes full automatic control of the processes of adjusting the servo motor 7 by the servo driver, driving the grate to rotate by the servo motor 7, rotating the grate, feeding garbage, the blower 6, the screw conveyor 3, the explosion venting device 1, the thermal plasma torch 4 array, the incinerator 9, the secondary combustion chamber 12, the screw slag extractor 11 and the like under the control of the PLC, and ensures stable working conditions.

Finally, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments taken to illustrate the principles of the present invention, which is not intended to be limiting. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these changes and modifications are to be considered as within the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. A thermal plasma waste incineration device, comprising: the incinerator is connected with a secondary combustion chamber, garbage is incinerated by the incinerator and then goes to the secondary combustion chamber to remove residual organic matters, the incinerator comprises an upper furnace body, a lower furnace body and a material channel communicated with the upper furnace body and the lower furnace body, and the width of the material channel is smaller than that of the upper furnace body and the lower furnace body;

and a plurality of thermal plasma torches are arranged in the incinerator and the secondary combustion chamber, and the flame core temperature of the thermal plasma torches is more than 3000 ℃.

2. A thermal plasma waste incineration device according to claim 1, characterised in that the lower furnace has a larger diameter than the upper furnace, a plurality of thermal plasma torches being laid on the side wall of the lower furnace.

3. The thermal plasma waste incineration device of claim 2, wherein the top surface of the lower furnace body is a slope, and the thermal plasma torches are sequentially and uniformly arranged on the top surface along an inclined direction.

4. A thermal plasma waste incineration device according to claim 2, characterised in that the top surface of the secondary combustion chamber is a planar or dome-shaped top surface, the thermal plasma torches being arranged uniformly in sequence in a vertical direction on the top surface.

5. A thermal plasma waste incineration device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a screw tap located at the bottom of the incinerator and the secondary combustion chamber, the screw tap having a built-in spiral structure to avoid heat exchange between the incinerator or the secondary combustion chamber and external air.

6. A thermal plasma waste incineration device according to any one of claims 1-4, further comprising a waste feed hopper and a screw conveyor connected to an outer side wall of the incinerator for conveying waste into the incinerator.

7. A thermal plasma refuse incineration apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a rotary grate is provided at the bottom inside said incinerator, and said rotary grate is connected to a blower for uniformly distributing air into said incinerator by the rotation of said rotary grate to provide air required for refuse incineration.

8. A thermal plasma refuse incineration apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising an explosion venting means provided at the top of the incineration furnace and the secondary combustion chamber to improve safety.

9. A thermal plasma waste incineration device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a PLC control system for controlling the operating conditions of the incinerator and the secondary combustion chamber.

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