CN112143530A - Environment-friendly and efficient coupling power generation system and method for refuse derived fuel gasification and large coal-fired unit - Google Patents
Environment-friendly and efficient coupling power generation system and method for refuse derived fuel gasification and large coal-fired unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN112143530A CN112143530A CN202011079385.7A CN202011079385A CN112143530A CN 112143530 A CN112143530 A CN 112143530A CN 202011079385 A CN202011079385 A CN 202011079385A CN 112143530 A CN112143530 A CN 112143530A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
- C10J2300/0909—Drying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1671—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity
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Abstract
The invention relates to an environment-friendly and efficient coupling power generation system of refuse derived fuel gasification and large coal-fired units, which comprises: the system comprises a refuse derived fuel production module, a refuse derived fuel gasification module and a gasification coupling coal-fired power generation module. The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the garbage derived fuel production module and the garbage derived fuel gasification module are introduced, so that the recycling, reduction and harmless coupling incineration disposal of garbage and a large pulverized coal boiler is successfully realized. Firstly, the garbage derived fuel production module can realize the charging control of harmful elements such as chlorine, heavy metals and the like in the garbage, and the source optimization quality improvement of the garbage can be realized before gasification and incineration; secondly, the reducing atmosphere in the gasification process and the good 3T + E condition of the large pulverized coal boiler can also effectively realize the near zero emission of dioxin; finally, the ultra-low emission environmental protection facility of the large coal-fired unit is relied on, so that the environmental protection technical advantage is good, and the ultra-low emission of the main pollutants in the waste incineration flue gas can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an environment-friendly and efficient coupling power generation system of refuse derived fuel gasification and a large coal-fired unit, belonging to the fields of solid waste environment protection and resource comprehensive utilization of municipal domestic waste and the like.
Background
At present, the environmental protection emission of the traditional waste incineration power plant has a great problem, on one hand, the water content of the primary waste is high and the primary waste contains incombustible inert components, so that the heat value is lower, generally 1000-1200kcal/kg, the combustion characteristic of the fuel is poor, the combustion condition of 3T + E (the combustion temperature is more than 850 ℃, the residence time is more than 2s, the full mixed combustion is carried out, and the excess combustion air is used as E), which is not beneficial to the inhibition and decomposition of dioxin, can not be maintained all the time; on the other hand, harmful elements such as chlorine element and heavy metal in the garbage enter the furnace, the corrosion of the garbage incineration boiler can be caused after high-temperature incineration, the combustion stability and the environmental-friendly standard control of the boiler are directly influenced, and the probability of generating dioxin is increased by the chlorine element with higher content.
And for guaranteeing dioxin and heavy metal emission in the flue gas up to standard, traditional msw incineration power plant must use a large amount of active carbon to carry out the desorption by force with the heavy metal in the flue gas, this kind of environmental protection processing mode is with high costs not only, and because dioxin adsorbs in the active carbon and fails to decompose completely in the flue gas, still there is the potential safety hazard that the dioxin release got into atmospheric environment, and simultaneously, the active carbon after the use belongs to the danger and gives up, need deal with specially, increase the environmental protection processing cost and the risk of power plant again. In addition, the waste incineration fly ash contains dioxin, and secondary environmental pollution is caused by leaching of the enriched heavy metals, and the fly ash needs to be transported to an external landfill or sent to a cement kiln for cooperative treatment after being solidified in a traditional waste power plant. Meanwhile, according to the conversion of 6% of oxygen, in the existing emission standard of the flue gas pollution of the garbage power plant, the emission limit values of particulate matters, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are respectively 30mg/m3、120mg/m3And 375mg/m3And the corresponding discharge standards of the large-scale ultra-low discharge coal-fired units are respectively 5mg/m3、35mg/m3And 50mg/m3The difference between the control limit and the emission index is large.
The large pulverized coal boiler has high pulverized coal heat value and good combustion characteristic, the temperature of the central area of flame is as high as 1400 ℃, the temperature of the outlet of a hearth is basically more than 1100 ℃, the combustion condition of 3T + E is completely met, and the complete inhibition and the complete decomposition of dioxin in the pulverized coal boiler can be realized. Meanwhile, the large coal-fired unit is provided with a complete environment-friendly facility and is subjected to online monitoring of an environment-friendly department all the time, so that garbage coal-fired coupling power generation can be ensuredThe smoke pollutants such as particulate matters, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and the like generated in the process meet the ultralow emission requirement, compared with a garbage incineration unit, the oxygen content of the large coal-fired unit with ultralow emission is reduced by 83%, 71% and 87% respectively according to 6% on the basis of the emission standard of the smoke pollutants, and the oxygen content of the large coal-fired unit reaches 5mg/m3、35mg/m3And 50mg/m3And the emission limit is greatly lower than the emission limit requirement of the pollution control Standard for incineration of domestic garbage (GB 18485-2014).
The power generation efficiency of a large coal-fired power plant is as high as more than 40%, and is also far better than the average power generation efficiency (about 22%) of the traditional waste incineration power plant, and with the rapid development of renewable energy sources in recent years, the operation load rate of a coal-fired unit is generally below 70%, and the unit condition of waste coupling disposal is also ensured by more than 30% of redundant load.
Although the large pulverized coal boiler has the advantages of huge technology, environmental protection and equipment in the aspect of garbage environmental protection disposal, a feasible direction is provided for garbage coupling coal disposal. However, the size of the fuel fed into the large pulverized coal boiler is basically required to be below 200 μm, and the garbage which is not fully dehydrated and finely selected cannot be thoroughly crushed, so that the existing garbage mechanical crushing technology at home and abroad cannot meet the requirement of directly inputting the garbage into the large pulverized coal boiler. Therefore, the gasification technology is required to convert the garbage into combustible gas, and then the condition of in-furnace coupling incineration of a large pulverized coal boiler can be achieved, while the direct high-temperature gasification of the primary garbage has low efficiency and can cause unstable operation of the gasification furnace, and the primary garbage can be efficiently and stably gasified only by preparing the primary garbage into the stable garbage derived fuel with lower moisture and higher calorific value.
At present, the patents related to garbage gasification coupled coal-fired power generation are few, wherein the invention patent with application publication number CN 107384484A discloses a garbage gasification coupled coal-fired power station power generation device and a power generation process, the power generation device comprising a garbage primary treatment unit, a garbage pyrolysis gasification unit, a garbage fly ash melting unit and a coal-fired power station power generation unit is utilized to send high-temperature fuel gas generated by pyrolysis gasification of garbage of a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace into a coal-fired boiler for combustion coupled power generation, the garbage fly ash is melted in a melting chamber and can be used as a building material or directly buried, the occupied area is small, no heavy metal is leached out, and the waste fly ash is chilled and used as a building material or directly buried. However, although the conventional sorting, extruding, dehydrating, granulating and drying processes provided by the patent of the invention can reduce the moisture of the garbage to a certain extent and improve the heat value of the garbage, harmful elements are not well controlled, and the influences on the aspects of safe and stable operation, environmental-friendly emission and the like of a coal burner unit are easily caused. Meanwhile, the gasified fly ash needs to be collected by a gas-solid separation device and then subjected to melting treatment, so that equipment investment is increased, higher melting temperature conditions cannot be stably provided by directly mixing and burning the garbage gasified combustible gas with a lower heat value and high-temperature air from a boiler air preheater, and continuous stable decomposition of dioxin and heavy metal solidification in the whole period cannot be guaranteed. Finally, the fuel gas from the gasification furnace and the high-temperature flue gas from the melting chamber are fed into the coal-fired boiler, and more excess air is doped into the flue gas, so that the operation efficiency of the boiler is greatly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide an environment-friendly and efficient coupling power generation system for gasification of refuse derived fuel and large coal-fired units, which has the advantages of ultralow emission of main pollutants in refuse incineration, near zero emission of dioxin, resource treatment of fly ash, high power generation efficiency and stable and reliable operation.
The environment-friendly and efficient coupling power generation system of the refuse derived fuel gasification and large coal-fired unit comprises a refuse derived fuel production module, a refuse derived fuel gasification module and a gasification coupling coal-fired power generation module;
the garbage derived fuel production module comprises a pretreatment workshop, a drying workshop, a sorting workshop and a forming workshop, wherein the pretreatment workshop, the drying workshop, the sorting workshop and the forming workshop are sequentially connected;
the garbage derived fuel gasification module comprises a feeding bin, a gasification furnace, a fuel gas cooler, a gasifying agent heater, a gasifying agent blower and a fuel gas induced draft fan; the outlet of the forming workshop is connected with the inlet of a feeding bin, the feed inlet of a gasification furnace is connected with the discharge outlet of the feeding bin, the air chamber inlet of the gasification furnace is connected with the outlet of a gasifying agent heater, the inlet of the gasifying agent heater is connected with the outlet of a gasifying agent blower, the combustible gas outlet of the gasification furnace is connected with the fuel gas inlet of a fuel gas cooler, and the fuel gas outlet of the fuel gas cooler enters a gasification coupling coal-fired power generation module through a fuel gas induced draft fan and a pipeline;
the gasification coupling coal-fired power generation module comprises a combustor, a large-scale pulverized coal boiler, an ultra-low emission system environment-friendly island and a chimney; an outlet of a gas induced draft fan of the refuse derived fuel gasification module is connected to a burner at the inlet end of the large pulverized coal boiler, and an outlet of the large pulverized coal boiler is sequentially connected to the environment-friendly island of the ultra-low emission system and the chimney.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the garbage derived fuel production module has the characteristic of modular design, the production scale mainly depends on the garbage disposal demand of the region, and the garbage derived fuel production module can be disposed in a centralized manner and can be transported and disposed uniformly after multi-point distributed arrangement.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: in order to generally ensure the continuity and stability of waste disposal, one set of waste derived fuel gasification module generally corresponds to two sets of gasification coupling coal-fired power generation modules, and the two sets of gasification coupling coal-fired power generation modules are basically operated one by one and are provided with one by one in normal operation.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the cooling medium outlet of the gas cooler is connected with the cooling medium inlet of the gasifying agent heater through a pipeline, and the cooling medium outlet of the gasifying agent heater is connected with the cooling medium inlet of the gas cooler through a pipeline to form a circulating pipeline between the gas cooler and the gasifying agent heater.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the gasification furnace is mainly a fixed bed gasification furnace or a fluidized bed gasification furnace, the refuse derived fuel is mainly converted into combustible gas, gasification fly ash and gasification furnace slag through a high-temperature gasification process, and the generation of dioxin can be inhibited to the greatest extent in the reducing environment.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the burners are gas burners, and reasonable boiler installation positions and installation quantity are selected according to the requirement of the melting and solidifying temperature of the fly ash.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the gas induced draft fan is an explosion-proof type fan and can bear the medium temperature of 500 ℃ at most.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the large-scale pulverized coal boiler is a large-scale pulverized coal boiler with subcritical and above parameters, utilizes good '3T + E' combustion conditions, has a high-temperature environment of 1200-1400 ℃, can realize effective inhibition and thorough decomposition of dioxin, and realizes near zero emission of the dioxin. Meanwhile, the full high-temperature calcination of the waste gasification fly ash can be realized, and the thorough decomposition of organic matters such as dioxin and the like in the fly ash and the solidification stability of heavy metals are facilitated.
The working method of the environment-friendly and efficient coupling power generation system of the refuse derived fuel gasification and large coal-fired unit comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreating the raw garbage in a pretreatment workshop, then, entering a drying workshop for rapid dewatering and drying, then, sending the raw garbage into a separation workshop for effective separation of non-combustible and metal materials, and finally, sending the raw garbage into a forming workshop for producing high-quality garbage derived fuel;
s2, sending the refuse derived fuel prepared by the refuse derived fuel production module into a gasification furnace from a feeding bin, generating combustible gas, gasification fly ash and gasification slag after high-temperature gasification, sending the mixed high-temperature gas of the combustible gas and the gasification fly ash into a gasification coupling coal-fired power generation module through a gas cooler, a gas induced draft fan and a burner in sequence, and directly using the gasification slag as common solid waste for resource utilization;
s3, feeding combustible gas and gasified fly ash mixed high-temperature gas generated by the refuse derived fuel gasification module into a large pulverized coal boiler through a burner to be subjected to coupled incineration with pulverized coal, and feeding flue gas generated by the coupled incineration of the combustible gas into an environment-friendly island of an ultra-low emission system of a large coal-fired unit along with the flue gas generated by the coupled incineration of the coal-fired to be subjected to efficient environment-friendly treatment; after the gasified fly ash is melted and solidified at high temperature in a large pulverized coal boiler, one part of the gasified fly ash is discharged from the bottom of the boiler along with coal cinder, the other part of the gasified fly ash enters an environment-friendly island of an ultra-low discharge system of a large coal-fired unit along with boiler flue gas and is gradually captured in the fly ash for resource utilization, and the purified flue gas is discharged to the atmosphere through a chimney.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: in step S1, the raw garbage is subjected to primary crushing and mechanical iron removal in a pretreatment workshop, then enters a drying workshop to realize rapid dewatering and drying, the dried garbage enters a separation workshop, inert materials (glass, ceramics, bricks, stones and the like), magnetic metal, non-magnetic nonferrous metal and other materials are effectively separated through processes of magnetic separation, air separation, screening, crushing and the like, and then enters a molding workshop to be added with additives and the like to be extruded and molded to prepare the solid fuel. The drying workshop realizes economic and efficient drying treatment of the garbage by using biological drying, forced ventilation and other modes, and is also provided with a deodorization device and a drying and condensing device; additives such as a chlorine fixing agent and the like are usually added in a forming workshop before processing and forming, so that the content of harmful elements such as chlorine, heavy metals and the like is reduced to the maximum extent, and the source control of the harmful elements of the refuse derived fuel is realized. The forming workshop mainly carries out adaptability adjustment on the size, the moisture, the fluidity and the like of solid fuel according to the charging standard and the requirement of the gasification module of the refuse derived fuel, and considering that the gasification furnace, particularly the circulating fluidized bed, has strong adaptability to the fuel, the forming workshop does not need to carry out forming treatment on the garbage after drying, only needs to add the fly ash as a chlorine fixing agent to carry out source control on chlorine and sulfur, and adds silicon dioxide or aluminum oxide and the like to effectively reduce the ash melting point of the garbage, so that the heavy metal is fully melted and solidified stably in the gasification process. The additive can also be coal-fired power plant fly ash, calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide and the like, and the coal-fired power plant fly ash is preferably selected as the additive in consideration of economy.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: in step S2, the gas cooler mainly utilizes cooling medium to cool the gasified combustible gas from 750 ℃ of 650 plus to 500 ℃ of 400 plus, which can greatly reduce the investment of combustible gas conveying equipment, pipelines and accessories thereof and prolong the service life, and ensure that the cooled gas can not separate out substances such as tar and the like in the conveying process; meanwhile, the recovered sensible heat of the combustible gas enters a gasifying agent heater for preheating the gasifying agent before being sent into the gasification furnace by a gasifying agent blower. The gasifying agent conveyed by the gasifying agent blower is generally air or oxygen, and is controlled by a variable frequency motor. Meanwhile, in order to further improve the gasification efficiency, a certain amount of calcium oxide or ferric oxide can be fed as a catalyst along with the gasification agent.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: in step S3, the environmental protection island of the ultra-low emission system can realize the environmental protection treatment of the flue gas generated by the garbage gasification coupling incinerationThe main pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide and the like realize the ultralow emission standard of the coal-fired unit and respectively reach 5mg/m3、35mg/m3And 50mg/m3(meets the atmospheric pollution emission standard GB13223-2011 of thermal power plant in Table 2, which shows that the atmospheric pollutant special emission limit value of the gas turbine unit taking gas as fuel).
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the garbage derived fuel production module and the garbage derived fuel gasification module are introduced, so that the recycling, reduction and harmless coupling incineration disposal of garbage and a large pulverized coal boiler is successfully realized. Firstly, the garbage derived fuel production module can realize the charging control of harmful elements such as chlorine, heavy metals and the like in the garbage, and the source optimization quality improvement of the garbage can be realized before gasification and incineration; secondly, the reducing atmosphere in the gasification process and the good 3T + E condition of the large pulverized coal boiler can also effectively realize the near zero emission of dioxin; finally, the ultra-low emission environmental protection facility of the large coal-fired unit is relied on, so that the environmental protection technical advantage is good, and the ultra-low emission of the main pollutants in the waste incineration flue gas can be realized.
2. The large pulverized coal boiler is used as a fly ash high-temperature melting and solidifying device, the gasified fly ash can be introduced into the large pulverized coal boiler along with the gasified combustible gas, and secondary high-temperature melting and solidifying are carried out after the fly ash is additionally captured by a gasified fly ash dust removing device, so that the investment of an ash removing device can be directly saved, the continuous and stable 1200-plus 1400 ℃ high-temperature environment in the full-load time period of the pulverized coal boiler can be utilized, the complete decomposition of dioxin and organic matters in the fly ash can be continuously and reliably realized, and the solidification and the stabilization of heavy metals are facilitated.
3. The raw garbage is subjected to resource gasification and is subjected to coupling incineration with the coal-fired unit, and the power generation capacity of each ton of garbage can be improved by more than 50% by means of the higher boiler operation efficiency of a large pulverized coal boiler in the large coal-fired unit and the stronger power generation efficiency of a steam turbine generator unit, so that the optimal garbage resource energy utilization efficiency is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of an environment-friendly and efficient coupling power generation system of refuse derived fuel gasification and a large coal-fired unit.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a pretreatment workshop; 2. a drying workshop; 3. a sorting workshop; 4. a forming workshop; 5. a feeding bin; 6. a gasification furnace; 7. a gas cooler; 8. a gasifying agent heater; 9. a gasifying agent blower; 10. a gas induced draft fan; 11. a burner; 12. a large pulverized coal fired boiler; 13. an ultra-low emission system environmental island; 14. and (4) a chimney.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. The following examples are set forth merely to aid in the understanding of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Example 1
In the present embodiment, the structure of the present patent will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment 1 provides an environment-friendly and efficient coupling power generation system for gasification of waste derived fuel and large-scale coal-fired unit, which constructs a waste gasification fly ash coupling coal-fired incineration power generation technology integrating ultra-low emission of flue gas, near zero emission of dioxin, fly ash harmlessness, reduction and resource disposal, and efficient incineration power generation of waste, and includes a waste derived fuel production module, a waste derived fuel gasification module, and a gasification coupling coal-fired power generation module.
The refuse derived fuel production module comprises a pretreatment workshop 1, a drying workshop 2, a separation workshop 3 and a forming workshop 4, wherein the pretreatment workshop 1, the drying workshop 2, the separation workshop 3 and the forming workshop 4 are sequentially connected. The raw garbage is pretreated by a pretreatment workshop 1, enters a drying workshop 2 for rapid dewatering and drying, then is sent to a separation workshop 3 for effective separation of incombustible and metal materials, and finally is sent to a forming workshop 4 for producing high-quality garbage derived fuel.
The garbage derived fuel gasification module comprises a feeding bin 5, a gasification furnace 6, a fuel gas cooler 7, a gasifying agent heater 8, a gasifying agent blower 9 and a fuel gas induced draft fan 10; the feed inlet of the gasification furnace 6 is connected with the discharge outlet of the feeding bin 5, the air chamber inlet of the gasification furnace 6 is connected with the outlet of the gasifying agent heater 8, the inlet of the gasifying agent heater 8 is connected with the outlet of the gasifying agent blower 9, the combustible gas outlet of the gasification furnace 6 is connected with the fuel gas inlet of the fuel gas cooler 7, and the fuel gas outlet of the fuel gas cooler 7 enters the gasification coupling coal-fired power generation module through the fuel gas induced draft fan 10 and the pipeline. The refuse derived fuel prepared by the refuse derived fuel production module is sent into a gasification furnace 6 from a feeding bin 5 and is gasified at high temperature to generate combustible gas, gasification fly ash and gasification furnace slag, the mixed high-temperature gas of the combustible gas and the gasification fly ash is sent into a gasification coupling coal-fired power generation module through a gas cooler 7, a gas induced draft fan 10 and a combustor 11, and the gasification furnace slag is directly used as general solid waste for resource utilization and can be directly used as a building material raw material or an auxiliary material.
The gasification coupling coal-fired power generation module comprises a combustor 11, a large pulverized coal boiler 12, an ultra-low emission system environmental protection island 13 and a chimney 14, wherein an outlet of a gas induced draft fan 10 of the garbage derived fuel gasification module is connected to the combustor 11 at an inlet end of the large pulverized coal boiler 12, and an outlet of the large pulverized coal boiler 12 is sequentially connected to the ultra-low emission system environmental protection island 13 and the chimney 14. Combustible gas and gasification fly ash mixed high-temperature gas generated by the refuse derived fuel gasification module are sent into a large pulverized coal boiler 12 through a combustor 11 to be subjected to coupled incineration with pulverized coal, and flue gas generated by the coupled incineration of the combustible gas enters an ultra-low emission system environment-friendly island 13 along with the flue gas generated by the coal-fired incineration to be subjected to efficient environment-friendly treatment. After the gasified fly ash is calcined at high temperature in the large pulverized coal boiler 12, one part of the gasified fly ash is discharged from the bottom of the boiler along with the coal cinder, and the other part of the gasified fly ash enters the environment-friendly island 13 of the ultra-low emission system along with the boiler flue gas and is gradually captured into the fly ash for resource utilization.
The disposal scale of the refuse derived fuel production module is generally 200-2000 tons/day of raw refuse, when the refuse resources in the region are less, a plurality of refuse derived fuel production modules can be built in adjacent county areas, and if the construction of an adjacent large coal-fired unit can be allowed, the manufacturing process of the refuse derived fuel production module can be further optimized by fully utilizing the cold and heat sources of the large coal-fired unit, and the production cost can be further reduced; if the construction of an adjacent large coal-fired unit is not allowed, the system is generally arranged at the periphery of a local refuse landfill, and a percolate treatment system of the nearby refuse landfill is reasonably utilized to dispose percolate and drying condensate generated in the production process of refuse derived fuel.
The drying workshop 2 realizes economic and efficient drying treatment of the garbage by using biological drying, forced ventilation and other modes, and is also provided with a deodorizing device and a drying condensing device; additives such as a chlorine fixing agent and the like are usually added in a forming workshop 4 before processing and forming, the chlorine fixing agent is generally calcium-containing compounds such as lime and the like, the construction investment and the operation cost of a refuse derived fuel production module and the furnace entering standard and requirements of a refuse derived fuel gasification module are comprehensively considered, the gasifier, particularly a circulating fluidized bed, has strong adaptability to fuels, the forming workshop does not need to carry out forming treatment on dried refuse, only fly ash is added as the chlorine fixing agent to carry out source control on chlorine and sulfur, silica or alumina and the like are added to effectively reduce the melting point of refuse ash, and heavy metals are fully melted, solidified and stabilized in the gasification process.
The garbage derived fuel gasification module generally aims at ensuring the continuity and stability of garbage disposal, one set of garbage derived fuel gasification module generally corresponds to two sets of gasification coupling coal-fired power generation modules, the scale is generally designed according to the garbage gasification combustible gas heat value blending combustion ratio not more than 10%, and the two sets of gasification coupling coal-fired power generation modules are operated one by one and are standby each other when in normal operation.
The gasification furnace 6 is a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace and keeps negative pressure operation. The gas cooler 7 is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger in which gasified combustible gas flows out of the tube and circulating medium flows in the tube. The gasifying agent heater 8 is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with the gasifying agent flowing out of the tube and the circulating medium flowing in the tube. The inlet of the gasifying agent blower 9 is gasifying agent, the gasifying agent is air, and the air is preheated by the gasifying agent heater 8 and then sent into the gasification furnace, the gasifying agent blower adopts a variable frequency motor, when the operation load of the gasification furnace fluctuates, the variable working condition is adjusted, and the energy consumption in the variable working condition is reduced. The gas induced draft fan 10 is an explosion-proof axial flow fan, and the highest bearable temperature is 500 ℃.
The burner 11 is a rotational flow gas burner, the outlet of which is provided with a baffle plate which can properly adjust the spraying angle, and the angle of the gasified fly ash sprayed into the hearth along with the gasified gas can be adjusted within a certain range when the operation load of the boiler changes. By adopting a large-scale pulverized coal boiler with subcritical, supercritical or ultra-supercritical parameters and utilizing good '3T + E' combustion conditions (the temperature of a hearth outlet with full load of more than 1200 ℃), the effective inhibition and the thorough decomposition of the dioxin can be realized, and the near-zero emission of the dioxin is realized. Meanwhile, the maximum combustion temperature of the large pulverized coal boiler can reach more than 1400 ℃, so that the thorough decomposition of organic matters such as dioxin in the garbage gasification fly ash can be realized, and the solidification stability of heavy metals in the fly ash is facilitated.
The environment-friendly island 13 of the ultra-low emission system can realize that the ultra-low emission standard of the coal-fired unit is realized by the main pollutants such as particulate matters, sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide after the environment-friendly treatment of the waste gasification coupling incineration flue gas, and the emission standard reaches 5mg/m3、35mg/m3And 50mg/m3And the special emission limit value of the atmospheric pollutants of the gas turbine unit taking gas as fuel is met in ' atmospheric pollution emission standard GB13223-2011 of thermal power plant ' table 2 '.
Example 2
In this embodiment, specific embodiments of the present patent will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The technical scheme is generally applied to a refuse derived fuel gasification and coal-fired unit coupling power generation process. Before the technical scheme is implemented, the typical components, moisture, heat value, ash components and ash melting point of the needed garbage, the furnace entering indexes of fluorine content, chlorine content, heavy metal content, heat value, moisture and the like of the garbage derived fuel, the parameters of components, gas production rate, heat value, maximum coupling heat value mixed combustion ratio and the like of the gasified fuel gas, the coal fuel characteristics of the large pulverized coal boiler to be coupled, the arrangement condition of pulverized coal burners, the combustion temperature interval of a hearth, annual operation load rate and other data and parameters are needed to be known, and a proper garbage derived fuel production process link, a proper gasification furnace, a proper fuel gas induced draft fan, a proper fuel gas cooler and a proper combustor are determined according to the known data and parameter information; and determining the number and the optimal installation position of the burners, the maximum garbage disposal amount per hour, the maximum coupling gasification combustible gas flow per hour and the amount of gasification fly ash carried and sprayed.
As shown in fig. 1, in the environment-friendly and efficient coupling power generation system for gasification of refuse derived fuel and large-scale coal-fired units, raw refuse enters a refuse derived fuel production module, and is subjected to pretreatment, sorting, drying, molding and other process links according to a determined furnace entering index standard to produce uniform refuse derived fuel suitable for gasification; the refuse derived fuel enters the gasification furnace 6 to be gasified at high temperature and then is divided into two paths, one path of high-temperature gasified combustible gas carrying the fly ash generated by gasification enters the large pulverized coal boiler 12 through the gas cooler 7, the gas induced draft fan 10 and the burner 11 to be subjected to coupling incineration, and the other path of gasified slag is discharged through the slag discharging device of the gasification furnace body to be directly used as common solid waste for resource utilization. The gas cooler 7 can reduce the mixed high-temperature gas of the gasified combustible gas and the gasified fly ash to 400-500 ℃, and simultaneously ensures that substances such as tar in the gasified combustible gas are not separated out, thereby avoiding the influences of blockage, corrosion and the like on the gas cooler 7, the gas induced draft fan 10, the gas conveying pipeline and the like.
The temperature of the burner region of the large pulverized coal boiler 12 is generally 1200-1400 ℃, in order to ensure that the arrangement of the burner 11 does not affect the normal operation of the large pulverized coal boiler and the sufficient combustion of gasified combustible gas, and can achieve better high-temperature calcination and melting solidification of gasified fly ash, the burner 11 is arranged at a proper position of a hearth, and an outlet baffle is arranged.
The gasified fuel gas burning smoke and the pulverized coal burning smoke enter an ultra-low emission system environment-friendly island 13 arranged at the tail of the large pulverized coal boiler 12 and enter a chimney 14 to reach the standard and be discharged to the atmosphere after meeting the ultra-low emission requirement.
The following description is given of a specific application of the system with reference to an application example:
taking the gasification of the refuse derived fuel with the primary refuse disposal scale of 500t/d and the environment-friendly and high-efficiency coupling power generation system of a large coal-fired unit as an example. The furnace heat value of the refuse derived fuel is 2000-2200kcal/kg, the water content is below 35 percent, the furnace size is below 152mm, the ash content is about 25 percent, the ash melting point is about 1180 ℃, and the gasification gas flow is about 23400Nm3H, the calorific value of the gasified fuel gas is about 977kcal/Nm3The gasification temperature of the gasification furnace is maintained at 650-750 ℃, and the combustible gas coupling heat value blending combustion ratio is about 4%. The coupled large pulverized coal boiler is a subcritical pressure, single hearth, single reheating, natural circulation single steam drum, front and back wall opposed firing pulverized coal boiler, the average operation load rate is about 65%, through calculation analysis and numerical simulation, the burner is suitable for being arranged below the overfire air lower layer burner, and through the arrangement, the gasified combustible gas with the temperature of 450 plus one of 480 ℃ is sprayed into the large pulverized coal boiler in a stable combustion state.
By coupling the garbage gasification with the coal-fired power generation, the main pollutants such as particulate matters, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and the like in the flue gas generated by garbage disposal realize the ultralow emission standard of the coal-fired unit, and are respectively controlled at 5mg/m3、35mg/m3And 50mg/m3Within a limit value; the emission concentration of dioxin flue gas is about 0.005ngTEQ/m3Is far below the limit (0.1 ngTEQ/m) specified in the Standard for pollution control on incineration of domestic waste (GB18485)3)。
When the coupled combustion is sufficient, the average smoke temperature of the combustor layer under different loads can reach more than 1280 ℃, the temperature condition of melting and solidifying the gasified fly ash is ensured, and the dioxin in the fly ash can be reduced to 0.02ngTEQ/m3The following.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a refuse derived fuel gasification and large-scale coal-fired unit environmental protection high efficiency coupling power generation system which characterized in that: the system comprises a refuse derived fuel production module, a refuse derived fuel gasification module and a gasification coupling coal-fired power generation module;
the garbage derived fuel production module comprises a pretreatment workshop (1), a drying workshop (2), a sorting workshop (3) and a forming workshop (4), wherein the pretreatment workshop (1), the drying workshop (2), the sorting workshop (3) and the forming workshop (4) are sequentially connected;
the garbage derived fuel gasification module comprises a feeding bin (5), a gasification furnace (6), a fuel gas cooler (7), a gasifying agent heater (8), a gasifying agent blower (9) and a fuel gas induced draft fan (10); an outlet of the forming workshop (4) is connected with an inlet of a feeding bin (5), a feed inlet of a gasification furnace (6) is connected with a discharge outlet of the feeding bin (5), an air chamber inlet of the gasification furnace (6) is connected with an outlet of a gasifying agent heater (8), an inlet of the gasifying agent heater (8) is connected with an outlet of a gasifying agent blower (9), a combustible gas outlet of the gasification furnace (6) is connected with a fuel gas inlet of a fuel gas cooler (7), and a fuel gas outlet of the fuel gas cooler (7) enters a gasification coupling coal-fired power generation module through a fuel gas induced draft fan (10) and a pipeline;
the gasification coupling coal-fired power generation module comprises a combustor (11), a large-scale pulverized coal boiler (12), an ultra-low emission system environmental protection island (13) and a chimney (14); an outlet of a gas induced draft fan (10) of the refuse derived fuel gasification module is connected to a burner (11) at an inlet end of a large pulverized coal boiler (12), and an outlet of the large pulverized coal boiler (12) is sequentially connected to an environment-friendly island (13) of the ultra-low emission system and a chimney (14).
2. The environment-friendly and efficient coupling power generation system of the refuse derived fuel gasification and large coal-fired unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cooling medium outlet of the gas cooler is connected with the cooling medium inlet of the gasifying agent heater through a pipeline, and the cooling medium outlet of the gasifying agent heater is connected with the cooling medium inlet of the gas cooler through a pipeline to form a circulating pipeline between the gas cooler and the gasifying agent heater.
3. The environment-friendly and efficient coupling power generation system of the refuse derived fuel gasification and large coal-fired unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: the gasification furnace (6) is a fixed bed gasification furnace or a fluidized bed gasification furnace.
4. The environment-friendly and efficient coupling power generation system of the refuse derived fuel gasification and large coal-fired unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: the combustor (11) is a gas combustor; the gas induced draft fan (10) is an explosion-proof fan.
5. The environment-friendly and efficient coupling power generation system of the refuse derived fuel gasification and large coal-fired unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: the large pulverized coal boiler (12) is a large pulverized coal boiler with subcritical and above parameters.
6. The working method of the environment-friendly and efficient coupling power generation system of the refuse derived fuel gasification and large coal-fired unit according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, pretreating the raw garbage in a pretreatment workshop (1), then, quickly dewatering and drying the raw garbage in a drying workshop (2), then, sending the raw garbage into a separation workshop (3) for effectively separating non-combustible and metal materials, and finally, sending the raw garbage into a forming workshop (4) to manufacture garbage derived fuel;
s2, sending the refuse derived fuel prepared by the refuse derived fuel production module into a gasification furnace (6) through a feeding bin (5) and generating combustible gas, gasification fly ash and gasification furnace slag after high-temperature gasification, sending the mixed high-temperature gas of the combustible gas and the gasification fly ash into a gasification coupling coal-fired power generation module through a gas cooler (7), a gas induced draft fan (10) and a combustor (11) in sequence, and directly utilizing resources by the gasification furnace slag;
s3, sending the combustible gas and gasified fly ash mixed high-temperature gas generated by the refuse derived fuel gasification module into a large pulverized coal boiler (12) through a combustor (11) to be subjected to coupled incineration with pulverized coal, and feeding flue gas generated by the coupled combustion of the combustible gas into an ultra-low emission system environment-friendly island (13) of a large coal-fired unit along with the flue gas generated by the coupled incineration of the coal-fired to be subjected to efficient environment-friendly disposal; after the gasified fly ash is melted and solidified at high temperature in a large pulverized coal boiler (12), one part of the gasified fly ash is discharged from the bottom of the boiler along with coal cinder, the other part of the gasified fly ash enters an ultra-low emission system environment-friendly island (13) of a large coal-fired unit along with boiler flue gas to be trapped in the fly ash for resource utilization, and the purified flue gas is discharged to the atmosphere through a chimney (14).
7. The working method of the environment-friendly and efficient coupling power generation system of the refuse derived fuel gasification and large coal-fired unit according to claim 6, characterized in that: in the step S1, the raw garbage is subjected to primary crushing and mechanical deironing in the pretreatment workshop (1), then enters the drying workshop (2) to be dewatered and dried, the dried garbage enters the separation workshop (3), the inert materials, the magnetic metal and the non-magnetic nonferrous metal are effectively separated through magnetic separation, winnowing, screening and crushing processes, and then enters the forming workshop (4) to be added with additives to be extruded and formed into the solid fuel.
8. The working method of the environment-friendly and efficient coupling power generation system of the refuse derived fuel gasification and large coal-fired unit according to claim 7, characterized in that: the drying workshop (2) realizes the drying treatment of the garbage by using biological drying and forced ventilation modes, and is also provided with a deodorizing device and a drying condensing device; the additive adopts coal-fired power plant fly ash, calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide.
9. The working method of the environment-friendly and efficient coupling power generation system of the refuse derived fuel gasification and large coal-fired unit according to claim 6, characterized in that: in step S2, the gas cooler (7) cools the gasified combustible gas from 650-750 ℃ to 400-500 ℃ by using a cooling medium; meanwhile, the recovered sensible heat of the combustible gas enters a gasifying agent heater (8) for preheating the gasifying agent before being sent into the gasification furnace (6) by a gasifying agent blower (9).
10. The working method of the environment-friendly and efficient coupling power generation system of the refuse derived fuel gasification and large coal-fired unit according to claim 9, characterized in that: the gasification agent conveyed by the gasification agent blower (9) is air or oxygen, and the gasification agent blower is controlled by a variable frequency motor; calcium oxide or ferric oxide is fed into the gasification agent as a catalyst.
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