JP2996461B2 - Materials for cultivating soft plants and plant breeding floors using the same - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a material for cultivating a soft-white plant which softens a portion requiring soft-white by shading, and a plant breeding floor using the same, and more particularly to a soft-white plant without obstructing the growth of a plant. The present invention relates to a material for cultivating soft plants that can be converted into a soft white plant and a plant breeding floor using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Heretofore, as a method for softening plants such as green onions, there has been known a method in which a portion requiring soft white is brought into the soil and softened by utilizing the light shielding property of the soil. However, if the soil is covered above the top of the leaf sheath of the leek, the growth may stagnate.Therefore, the mulching was performed according to the growth of the leek. About 1 m is required. In addition, soil that is easy to bury is suitable for cultivation of green onions, but has a disadvantage that the crushed soil easily collapses.

[0003] In order to solve the drawback of the mulching, a method using a light-shielding film has also been proposed. For example, JP-A-6-22642 discloses a white / silver light-shielding film having a light-shielding rate of 96% or more to a height requiring soft-white on both sides of a green onion, with a tape attached at a position where soft-white is required. There is disclosed a technique in which the light-shielding film is locked to the tape by locking means between the leeks.

[0004]

However, in this technique, only the reflectance and the shading rate of visible light are taken into consideration, and the light-shielding film has no air permeability. In particular, when the temperature is particularly high in summer, the temperature of the soil rises, and the inside of the film coating becomes stuffy, hindering softening and hindering growth.

[0005] Further, since the light-shielding film covers the whole soil in the root area of the green onion and is not isolated, there is a problem that the light-shielding film is easily affected by pests in the soil. In order to prevent crop diseases, steam disinfection and soil fumigation are required.However, conventional cultivation methods require treating the soil in the entire field, which is troublesome and increases the amount of chemicals used. Was.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a method of controlling the temperature and humidity of the soil itself and the inside of the film coating to a moderate level even in a summer when the temperature of the cultivated soil and the temperature inside the film coating are not affected by the season, and especially when the temperature continues to be high in summer. An object of the present invention is to provide a material for cultivating soft plants, which can be adjusted, requires little effort, and can prevent pests in soil without using many chemicals, and a plant breeding floor using the same.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems The material for cultivating soft plants according to the present invention, which solves the above-mentioned problems, is as follows. First, soft plants are cultivated on a plant-growing floor formed in a bag or a tube using a resin product. In cultivation materials, the resin product has a basis weight of 20 to 100 g / m.
² , visible light reflectance 60% or more, visible light transmittance 10%
The following is characterized by having air permeability but water impermeability.

[0008] The material for cultivating soft plants of the present invention is secondly a cultivation material for growing soft plants on a plant-growing floor formed into a bag or a tube using a resin product, wherein the resin product comprises: Basis weight 20-100 g / m ² , visible light reflectance 60% or more,
It has a visible light transmittance of 10% or less, and has water permeability and root prevention formed by a spun bond method.

[0009] The plant growing bed of the present invention, which solves the above-mentioned problems, is a bag-like or tubular plant growing bed in which culture soil is stored inside a storage body made of a resin product. The resin product has a basis weight of 20 to 100 g / m ² , a visible light reflectance of 60% or more, a visible light transmittance of 10% or less, and has air permeability but water impermeability. The culture soil is placed along the center in the longitudinal direction of the band, and both edges of the band are lifted up to a height that requires the soft whiteness of the soft-white plant to form a bag or a tube. In addition, both edges or the vicinity thereof are locked at the upper part of the culture soil.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, a water permeable hole is provided in a lower portion or a side surface near the lower portion of the storage body of the plant growing floor,
The lower part of the plant growing floor is inserted or placed in a dish-shaped water retaining body, and a drain hole is provided on the side surface of the water retaining body at substantially the same height as the water-permeable hole.

In another preferred embodiment, a water permeable hole is provided in the lower portion or a side near the lower portion of the storage body of the plant growing floor, and the lower portion of the plant growing floor is inserted or placed in a dish-shaped water retaining body. That is, it is configured to be able to overflow from the upper part of the water retention body.

Secondly, the plant growing bed of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a bag-like or tubular plant growing bed in which a culture soil is stored inside a storage body made of a resin product. The resin product has a basis weight of 20 to 100 g / m ² , a visible light reflectance of 60% or more, and a visible light transmittance of 10% or less, and is a resin product having water permeability and root prevention formed by a spun bond method. The resin product is formed into a strip, the culture soil is placed along the center of the strip in the longitudinal direction, and both edges of the strip are lifted to a height at which the soft white plants need to be softened. It is characterized in that it is formed in the shape of a tube or a tube and the both edges or the vicinity thereof are locked at the upper part of the culture soil.

In a preferred embodiment, the lower part of the plant growing floor is inserted or placed in a dish-shaped water retaining body, and is configured to be able to overflow from the upper part of the water retaining body.

[0014] In the plant growing bed of the above-mentioned soft-lean plant, it is preferable that a rod is wound around each of both end edges of the band located on the upper part of the culture soil, and the rod is locked so that the height can be adjusted from above. .

[0015]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention is applied to soft plants such as leeks, celery, chicory, honeybee, etc., and the plant growing bed of such soft plants is capable of storing therein a culture soil for growing plants. A resin product having a shape of a cylinder or a tube is used, and various shapes can be adopted as long as the shape is a bag or a tube.

The culture soil for cultivating plants used in the present invention may be a plant medium such as peat moss, rice straw, rice husk charcoal, mulch, hinoki, cedar, etc., bark, sawdust, charcoal powder, moss, etc. It is preferable to mix and cultivate at least one kind of mineral medium such as gravel, sand, zeolite, vermiculite, red soil, Kanuma soil, etc., if necessary.

Also, oyster hulls, crustacean husks, bone meal, fish cake, etc. can be added to the culture medium raw material, taking advantage of local specialties. The medium may contain a fertilizer, an insecticide, a warming agent and the like. In particular, it is preferable to add a slow-release fertilizer and a solid organic composite fertilizer.

The medium is preferably subjected to fumigation or the like before filling in order to prevent the disease of the crop. In the present invention, it is not necessary to treat the soil of the whole field as in conventional open-field cultivation, etc. Is easy. Also, less pesticide is used. It is also preferable that the medium is sterilized by heating in advance. For heat sterilization, it is preferable to use solar heat from the viewpoint of avoiding fossil energy.

In the present invention, it is preferable that the lower part of the plant growing bed is inserted or placed on a water retaining body, and the water retaining body is preferably a dish-like body, and the dish-like body is filled with water to a certain height. It is kept water. In order to supply water to the water retaining body, water may be supplied from the outside.However, water is supplied to the inside of the plant growing bed, and water is supplied from a water permeable hole provided at a lower portion or a side near the lower portion of the plant growing bed. The water can be drained and supplied to the water retention body. In order to keep the water surface of the water retaining body constant, the water retaining body may be made to overflow from the upper surface thereof, or a drain hole is provided on the side surface of the water retaining body at a position substantially the same as the water-permeable hole. This can be achieved by: Due to the presence of such a water retention body, water can be constantly supplied to the roots of the plant.

The resin product used in the present invention has a basis weight of 20 to 10
0 g / m ² , visible light (wavelength 400 to 800 mm) reflectance 60% or more,
The type of the resin, the method of manufacturing the product, the shape of the product, and the like are not limited as long as the transmittance of visible light is 10% or less and the material has air permeability and root prevention. Specific examples of the resin product include a resin woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, a microporous film, and the like, which are manufactured by a known method.

The resin products used in the present invention have the above-mentioned characteristics. However, there are resin products having water impermeability and resin products having water permeability, which are used according to the embodiments of the present invention. You.

The resin product used in the first softwood cultivation material of the present invention has a basis weight of 20 to 100 g / m ² , a visible light reflectance of 60% or more, and a visible light transmittance of 10% or less. It is so-called water-permeable, that is, it has a so-called air permeability, but does not allow the passage of liquids such as water and liquid fertilizer. In addition, the sheet having such characteristics has a property that does not pass through the root, that is, a root-proof property.

The basis weight of the resin product used in the present invention is 20 to 10
The value of 0 g / m ² means that if the content is 20 g / m ² or more, the strength of the resin product can be maintained, and particularly, the strength can be maintained when the inside is filled with a culture medium and used as a cylinder or the like, and the reflectance is reduced. This is because if it is 100 g / m ² or less, air permeability can be imparted and the cost does not increase. Particularly preferred basis weight is 30 to
It is in the range of 70 g / m ² .

The reason why the reflectance is set to 60% or more is because the temperature of the soil in the growing bed can be kept at 30 ° C. or less, which is preferable. The preferred reflectivity is 75-100%. The reflectance can be measured using, for example, a Hitachi spectrophotometer U-3210 type (integrating sphere type).

Further, the transmittance of visible light is suitably at most 10%, preferably at most 5%, more preferably at most 2%, in order to enable the cultivation of soft-lean plants.

The air permeability is preferably 10 to 200 seconds / 100 cc as the air permeability by the Gurley method of JIS P8117. In order to maintain the strength of the resin product itself and maintain a high reflectance, it is preferably 10 seconds / 100 cc or more, and 200 seconds / 100 cc or less in the sense that a heat radiation effect due to moisture evaporation can be expected. Preferred breathability ranges from 50 to 150 seconds / 100 cc.

The resins used for the resin products include polyethylene (particularly high-density polyethylene), polypropylene,
Thermoplastic resins such as polyesters, polyamides, and copolymers thereof can be used. These resins can be used alone or as a mixture. Strength,
In terms of durability and price, high-density polyethylene and polyester resin are desirable.

As the above resin products, the back surface is made of light-absorbing black,
A nonwoven fabric sheet which is colored blue, red or the like and whose surface is light-reflective white or silver is preferably used.When the medium is wrapped with this sheet, the colored surface of the sheet on the inner side in contact with the medium, the outer side It is preferable to arrange so as to have a white surface. Black is preferred in terms of light absorption and durability.

When the outer surface side of the resin product used in the present invention is made white, it reflects visible light although it is scattered light, lowers the temperature in the crop growing bed, and raises the temperature to such an extent that the root growth of the crop is inhibited. There is no effect. In addition, the reflectance of ultraviolet rays is high, the flying of winged aphids, Thrips palmi or the like is small, and the occurrence of viral diseases is minimized.

On the other hand, by coloring the inner surface of the resin product, light is absorbed by this colored layer (surface) as much as possible, light rays reaching the culture medium are blocked, and moss, algae and Weeds can be prevented from occurring and root development can be promoted.

As a method for producing a nonwoven fabric sheet as a resin product used in the present invention, the following method is exemplified.

(A) The surface of a white nonwoven fabric produced by flash-spinning high-density polyethylene is solid-printed using black ink such as black (black) gravure printing ink, offset printing ink, and screen printing ink. (B) A non-woven fabric produced by flash spinning high-density polyethylene containing 3 to 15% by weight of a white pigment such as titanium oxide or barium sulfate and aluminum powder, and high-density polyethylene containing 0.5 to 5% by weight of carbon black. The nonwoven fabric manufactured by the flash spinning method is bonded with an adhesive. (C) The back side of the white or silver non-woven fabric is black (black)
Solid printing is performed using black ink such as gravure printing ink, offset printing ink, and screen printing ink. (D) After applying an anchor coat agent to the surface of the black nonwoven fabric, aluminum is deposited. (E) A white paint or an aluminum paint is applied to the back surface of the black nonwoven fabric and dried.

In the above production methods (a) and (b),
When a fiber spun from polyester by a spun bond method is used, the air permeability becomes too large as it is, so that it is preferable to adjust the fiber interval by heat sealing or resin coating.

The thickness of the fiber is not particularly limited, but is generally about 0.1 to 40 μm, preferably 0.1 to 30 μm.
The thickness of the resin product is not particularly limited as long as it is within the range of the grammage of the product, but considering workability and the like, 0.05 to 1.0 m
About m is appropriate.

Next, in the second material for cultivating soft-lean plants of the present invention, the resin product has a basis weight of 20 to 100 g / m ² , a visible light reflectance of 60% or more, and a visible light transmittance of 10% or less. And a resin product having water permeability and root resistance formed by a spun bond method is used.

As such a resin product, the above-mentioned woven fabric, non-woven fabric, microporous film and the like can be used, but they have water permeability. Therefore, in particular, the above (a) to (e)
In the above method, a nonwoven fabric sheet produced by replacing the flash spinning method with a spunbond method is preferable, and it is also preferable to replace the resin with polyester.

The water permeability of the above resin product is the speed at which water permeates through the product having a constant cross section and thickness.
And the value measured by the apparatus shown in FIG. That is, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the sample resin product 20 is stuck and fixed to the lower end of the glass tube 50 having an inner diameter of 20 mm using an adhesive 51. A water column height 52 is set in a vertically standing glass tube 50.
Pour water so that it is at least 100 cm.
0 is permeated and discharged to the receiving tank 53. And the water column height 5
The measurement is started when 2 has passed the mark of 100 cm, and the water permeability is measured.

As the water-permeable resin product used in the present invention, the time required for the water column height 52 to reach 90 cm is within 60 minutes, preferably within 30 minutes, more preferably within 10 minutes, as measured by this method. Resin products having properties are used.

The above-mentioned water-permeable resin products are those having a root-proof property, and the root-proof property is not directly related to the water-permeability. Those having a water permeability of 1.5 seconds or more, preferably 3 seconds or more are used.

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment of the figure is an example in which an impermeable nonwoven fabric sheet is used as a resin product of a cultivation material. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a plant growing floor, and a plant growing floor is provided inside a storage body 2 forming a cylindrical body. The medium 3 constituting the culture soil for use is stored and filled.

In order to form the plant breeding floor 1, as shown in FIG. 2, the nonwoven fabric sheets 5 are wound around the rods 4, 4 provided at both ends, respectively. Place. Next, the medium 3 is wrapped from both sides, and the medium 3
At the center of the upper part of the body 4 in parallel with a gap between the bars 4 interposed therebetween. At this time, the longitudinal direction is folded simultaneously or back and forth. In order to facilitate the folding, it is also preferable to provide a cut 6 at the end of the nonwoven fabric sheet 5.

The means for fixing the rods 4 and 4 is not particularly limited. As shown in FIG. 1, for example, the vicinity of both ends of the rods 4 and 4 is fixed by using an engaging metal fitting 7. The engaging member 7 is fixed to a supporting member 9 fixed at a predetermined height by a cord body 8 at a height requiring soft white. As shown in FIG. 3, it is also preferable that the engagement fitting 7 is formed to be extendable and contractible by using the elongated holes 10 and 11 and two fasteners (two bolts and two nuts) not shown. This is because the gap between the rods 4 can be adjusted according to the growth of the plant. The means for fixing the cord body 8 to the support member 9 so that the height can be adjusted is not limited to the illustration, and various methods can be adopted. After the rods 4 and 4 are fixed, a pressing rod 4 for pressing from the outside of the rising portion of the storage body 2
A and 4A can also be provided. Numeral 12 denotes a soft-white plant vegetated in the gap between the rods 4, and in this embodiment, leek is shown.

Numeral 13 denotes a dish-shaped water retaining body provided at the lower part of the storage body 2, and numeral 14 denotes a water draining hole provided at an upper portion of the water retaining body 13 at a predetermined height in a straight line. The water in 13 can be discharged outside. Also, a water-permeable hole is provided on the side surface (or lower portion) of the storage body 2 so as to be at the same height as the drain hole 14.
Preferably, 15 is provided in a straight line. This makes it possible to keep the water surface of the water retaining body 13 constant. Drain hole 14
As long as the water permeable hole 15 is a small hole, the shape may be any of a circle, a corner, a line, and the like. The size of the drain hole 14 and the through hole 15 is preferably 0.5 to 3 mm in the case of a round hole.

Depending on the height of the dish-shaped water retaining body, the water surface of the water retaining body 13 can be kept constant by overflowing from the upper surface of the dish-shaped water retaining body without providing the drainage hole 14. Due to the presence of the water retaining body 13, water can be constantly supplied to the roots of the soft-white plant 12, and the height of the water retaining body does not cause root rot.

On the upper surface of the plant growing floor described above, the area is
By providing pores (not shown) of 0.5 to 50 mm ² at a density of 0.01 to 1.0 / cm ² , water can be sprayed from above the storage body 2,
Liquid fertilization can be applied and rain can smoothly penetrate into the floor. The shape of the pores can be selected arbitrarily, such as a circle, an ellipse, a square, a rectangle, and a hexagon.

Next, when a water-permeable non-woven fabric sheet is used as a resin product of a cultivation material, in FIG.
The water-permeable hole 15 formed in the water-retaining body is unnecessary, and it is possible to provide a dish-shaped water-retaining body and to make the water surface of the water-retaining body constant by overflowing from the upper surface of the water-retaining body.

Although the above embodiment is an example in which the housing is a cylindrical body, the housing may be a bag in the present invention.

[0049]

According to the present invention, a resin product having a specific basis weight, a reflectance of visible light and a transmittance of visible light and having air permeability but impermeable to water or a water-permeable root-proof resin product is provided. The temperature of the soil for cultivation of soft plants and the temperature inside the film coating are not affected by the season, and the temperature and humidity of the soil itself and the inside of the film coating are adjusted appropriately even in summer when the temperature is particularly high. The cultivation environment of the soft plant can be adjusted. In addition, because a bag-shaped or cylindrical plant growing floor is used,
Diseases in soft soil cultivation soil can be prevented without requiring much trouble and using many chemicals.

Further, in the present invention, when a rod is wound around each of both end edges of the band located at the upper part of the culture soil, and the rod is locked so that the height thereof can be adjusted from above, It is possible to maintain and stabilize the shape of the bag-shaped or cylindrical plant growing bed.

Further, in the present invention, water can be constantly supplied to the roots of the plant by using a water retaining body and adjusting the liquid level of the water retaining body.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of manufacturing a plant growing floor.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an essential part of an example of a fixing member for a rod.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing an apparatus for regulating water permeability.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part of the above.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1: Plant breeding floor 2: Storage body 3: Culture medium 4: Rod body 5: Non-woven fabric sheet 6: Cut 7: Engagement fitting 8: String body 9: Support member 10, 11: Long hole 12: Soft plant 13: Water retention body 14: Drain hole 15: Water permeable hole 20: Sample resin product 50: Glass tube 51: Adhesive 52: Water column height 53: Receiving tank

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ identification symbol FI A01G 13/02 A01G 13/02 EF A01M 29/00 A01M 29/00 N (58) Investigation field (Int.Cl. ⁶ , (DB name) A01G 1/00 A01G 7/00 A01G 13/02

Claims (8)

(57) [Claims] 1. A cultivation material for cultivating a soft plant on a plant breeding floor formed into a bag or a tube using a resin product,
The resin product has a basis weight of 20 to 100 g / m ² and a visible light reflectance of 60.
%, A visible light transmittance of 10% or less, and a material for cultivating soft plants characterized by having air permeability but water impermeability. 2. A cultivation material for cultivating a soft plant on a plant breeding floor formed into a bag or a tube using a resin product,
The resin product has a basis weight of 20 to 100 g / m ² and a visible light reflectance of 60.
%, A visible light transmittance of 10% or less, and a material for cultivating a soft-white plant, which is formed by a spunbond method and has water permeability and root prevention. 3. A bag-shaped or tubular plant growing bed in which culture soil is stored inside a storage body made of a resin product, wherein the resin product has a basis weight of 20 to 100 g / m ² and a reflection of visible light. Rate of not less than 60%, transmittance of visible light of not more than 10%, air permeability but water impermeability, forming the resin product into a band, and culturing the resin along the longitudinal center of the band. Soil is placed, and both ends of the band are lifted to a height required for softening of the soft plant to form a bag or a tube, and the both edges or the vicinity thereof are locked at the upper part of the culture soil. A plant breeding floor for a soft-white plant, comprising: 4. A water permeation hole is provided at a lower portion or a side near the lower portion of the storage body of the plant growing floor, and the lower portion of the plant growing floor is inserted or placed in a dish-shaped water retaining body, and the side surface of the water retaining body is provided. 4. The plant growing floor of a soft-white plant according to claim 3, wherein a drainage hole is provided at substantially the same height as the water-permeable hole. 5. A water permeable hole is provided in a lower portion or a side near a lower portion of the storage body of the plant growing floor, and the lower portion of the plant growing floor is inserted or placed in a dish-shaped water retaining body, and the upper portion of the water retaining body is provided. 4. The plant growing bed of a soft-white plant according to claim 3, wherein the plant growing bed is configured to be able to overflow. 6. A bag-like or tubular plant growing floor in which culture soil is stored inside a storage body made of a resin product, wherein the resin product has a basis weight of 20 to 100 g / m ² and a reflection of visible light. Is a resin product having a transmittance of 60% or more and a transmittance of visible light of 10% or less and having water permeability and root prevention formed by a spun bond method. The resin product is formed into a strip, and the longitudinal direction of the strip is formed. Place the culture soil along the center of, and raise both ends of the strip to the height required for the softness of the soft-white plant to form a bag-like or cylindrical shape, and cultivate both ends or the vicinity thereof. A plant breeding floor for soft plants characterized by being locked on top of soil. 7. The soft-white plant according to claim 6, wherein the lower part of the plant growing bed is inserted or placed in a dish-shaped water retaining body, and is configured to be able to overflow from the upper part of the water retaining body. Plant growing floor. 8. The method according to claim 3, wherein a rod is wound around each of both end edges of the band located on the upper portion of the culture soil, and the rod is locked so that the height can be adjusted from above. 8. A plant breeding floor for a soft plant according to 5, 6 or 7.