JP2993116B2 - Surface-coated ceramic cutting tool - Google Patents

Surface-coated ceramic cutting tool

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Publication number
JP2993116B2
JP2993116B2 JP2328254A JP32825490A JP2993116B2 JP 2993116 B2 JP2993116 B2 JP 2993116B2 JP 2328254 A JP2328254 A JP 2328254A JP 32825490 A JP32825490 A JP 32825490A JP 2993116 B2 JP2993116 B2 JP 2993116B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
coating layer
cutting
physical vapor
layer thickness
average
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP2328254A
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Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH04201003A (en
Inventor
宗則 加藤
寛範 吉村
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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Priority to JP2328254A priority Critical patent/JP2993116B2/en
Publication of JPH04201003A publication Critical patent/JPH04201003A/en
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Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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  • Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 この発明は、酸化アルミニウム(以下A2O3で示
す)系セラミックスまたは窒化けい素(以下、Si3N4
示す)系セラミックスからなる基体に表面に、物理蒸着
法にて形成された耐摩耗性のすぐれたTiとAの複合窒
化物〔以下、(Ti,A)Nで示す〕被覆層の前記基体表
面に対する密着性を向上させた表面被覆セラミックス製
切削工具に関するものである。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a substrate made of aluminum oxide (hereinafter, referred to as A 2 O 3 ) -based ceramics or silicon nitride (hereinafter, referred to as Si 3 N 4 ) -based ceramics In addition, the adhesion of the composite nitride layer of Ti and A (hereinafter, referred to as (Ti, A) N) having excellent wear resistance formed by physical vapor deposition on the surface of the substrate was improved. The present invention relates to a surface-coated ceramic cutting tool.

従来の技術〕 従来、例えば特開昭62−56565号公報に記載される通
り、WC基超硬合金や高速度工具鋼などで構成された基体
の表面に、物理蒸着法を用いて、耐摩耗性のすぐれたTi
とAの複合窒化物〔以下、(TiとA)Nで示す〕か
らなる硬質被覆層を形成してなる表面被覆切削工具が提
案されている。
Conventional technology] Conventionally, as described in, for example, JP-A-62-56565, the surface of a substrate composed of a WC-base cemented carbide or high-speed Excellent Ti
There has been proposed a surface-coated cutting tool having a hard coating layer formed of a composite nitride of A and A (hereinafter, referred to as (Ti and A) N).

〔発明が解決しようとする課題〕[Problems to be solved by the invention]

一方、近年の切削機械の高性能化はめざましく、これ
に伴ない、より速い速度での切削や、より一段の高切込
みあるいは高送りなどの重切削が行なわれる状況にある
が、このような苛酷な切削条件下では、上記の従来表面
被覆切削工具においては、(Ti,A)N被覆層の基体表
面に対する密着性が十分でないため、これに満足に対応
することができないのが現状である。
On the other hand, the performance of cutting machines has been remarkably improved in recent years, and accompanying this, cutting at higher speeds and heavy cutting such as one-step high cutting or high feed are performed. Under such cutting conditions, in the conventional surface-coated cutting tools described above, the adhesion of the (Ti, A) N coating layer to the substrate surface is not sufficient, and the present situation is that the cutting tools cannot be satisfactorily handled.

〔課題を解決するための手段〕[Means for solving the problem]

そこで、本発明者等は、上述のような観点から、上記
の従来表面被覆切削工具に着目し、(Ti,A)N被覆層
の基本表面に対する密着性を向上せしめるべく研究を行
なった結果、基体をA2O3系セラミックスおよびSi3N4
系セラミックスに特定した上で、この基体の表面に、物
理蒸着法にて形成した窒化チタン(以下TiNで示す)被
覆層を介して、上記の耐摩耗性のすぐれた(Ti,A)N
被覆層を形成すると、前記TiN被覆層の前記基体および
(Ti,A)N被覆層に対する密着性が著しく高いもので
あることから、苛酷な条件での切削に供しても(Ti,A
)N被覆層に剥離の発生がなく、かつ切刃に欠損の発
生もなく、すぐれた切削性能を長期に亘って発揮するよ
うになり、さらにこの上に同じく物理蒸着法を用いてTi
Nを被覆すると、耐欠損性が一段と向上するようになる
という研究結果を得たのである。
In view of the above, the present inventors focused on the above-described conventional surface-coated cutting tools and conducted research to improve the adhesion of the (Ti, A) N coating layer to the basic surface. The substrate is made of A 2 O 3 ceramics and Si 3 N 4
(Ti, A) N which has the above-mentioned excellent abrasion resistance through a titanium nitride (hereinafter referred to as TiN) coating layer formed by physical vapor deposition on the surface of the substrate after specifying the base ceramics.
When the coating layer is formed, the adhesion of the TiN coating layer to the substrate and the (Ti, A) N coating layer is extremely high.
) No exfoliation of the N coating layer, no breakage of the cutting edge, and excellent cutting performance over a long period of time.
The research results show that coating with N further improves fracture resistance.

この発明は、上記の研究結果にもとづいてなされたも
のであって、 A2O3系セラミックスまたはSi3N4系セラミックスか
らなる基体の表面に、 平均層厚で0.1〜1μmのTiNからなる密着性物理蒸着
被覆層を介して、 平均層厚で0.5〜5μmの(Ti,A)Nからなる耐摩
耗性物理蒸着被覆層を形成し、 さらに、必要に応じて、その上に同じく平均層厚で0.
1〜3μmのTiNからなる耐欠損性物理蒸着被覆層を形成
してなる表面被覆セラミックス製切削工具に特徴を有す
るものである。
The present invention has been made based on the above-mentioned research results, and has an adhesion of TiN having an average layer thickness of 0.1 to 1 μm on the surface of a substrate made of A 2 O 3 ceramics or Si 3 N 4 ceramics. An abrasion-resistant physical vapor deposition coating layer made of (Ti, A) N having an average layer thickness of 0.5 to 5 μm is formed via the non-magnetic physical vapor deposition coating layer. At 0.
The present invention is characterized by a surface-coated ceramic cutting tool having a fracture-resistant physical vapor-deposited coating layer made of 1 to 3 μm TiN.

つぎに、この発明の切削工具において、これを構成す
る被覆層の平均層厚を上記の通りに限定した理由を説明
する。
Next, the reason why the average thickness of the coating layer constituting the cutting tool of the present invention is limited as described above will be described.

(a) 密着性物理蒸着被覆層 このTiN被覆層には、上記の通り基体および(Ti,A
)N被覆層に対して強固に接合し、苛酷な切削条件下
でも(Ti,A)N被覆層の剥離を防止する作用がある
が、その平均層厚が0.1μm未満では前記作用に所望の
効果が得られず、一方その平均層厚が1μmを越えても
前記作用により一層の向上効果が得られないことから、
経済性も考慮して、その平均層厚を0.1〜1μmと定め
た。
(A) Adhesive physical vapor deposition coating layer The TiN coating layer includes a substrate and (Ti, A
) Bonds firmly to the N coating layer and has the effect of preventing the (Ti, A) N coating layer from peeling off even under severe cutting conditions. No effect can be obtained. On the other hand, even if the average layer thickness exceeds 1 μm, no further improvement effect can be obtained by the above-mentioned effect.
The average layer thickness is set to 0.1 to 1 μm in consideration of economy.

(b) 耐摩耗性物理蒸着被覆層 この(Ti,A)N被覆層は、きわめて硬質であり、こ
れの形成によって耐摩耗性が著しく向上するようになる
が、その平均層厚が0.5μm未満では所望のすぐれた耐
摩耗性を確保するこができず、一方その平均層厚が5μ
mを越えると、チッピング(微小欠け)が発生し易くな
ることから、その平均層圧を0.5〜5μmと定めた。
(B) Wear-resistant physical vapor-deposited coating layer This (Ti, A) N coating layer is extremely hard, and the formation of the (Ti, A) N coating layer significantly improves the wear resistance, but the average layer thickness is less than 0.5 μm. Cannot provide the desired excellent wear resistance, while the average layer thickness is 5 μm.
If it exceeds m, chipping (small chipping) tends to occur, so the average layer pressure is set to 0.5 to 5 μm.

なお、(Ti,A)Nを組成式:(TiXA1-X)Nで現
わした場合、xの値を0.25〜0.95とするのがよく、これ
は、xの値が0.25未満になると被覆層に急激な硬さ低下
が起り、十分な耐摩耗性を得ることができなくなり、一
方xの値が0.95を越えると高温耐酸化性が低下し、特に
切刃の逃げ面摩耗が進行するようになるという理由によ
るものである。
Incidentally, (Ti, A) N composition formula: When manifested by (Ti X A 1-X) N, good to the .25 to .95 of the value of x, which is the value of x is less than 0.25 If the value of x exceeds 0.95, the high-temperature oxidation resistance decreases, and the flank wear of the cutting edge in particular progresses when the value of x exceeds 0.95. This is because they will do so.

(c) 耐欠損性物理蒸着被覆層 最外層に形成されるTiN被覆層には切刃の耐欠損性を
改善する作用があるので必要に応じて形成されるが、そ
の平均層厚が0.1μm未満では所望の耐欠損性向上効果
は得られず、一方その平均層厚が3μmを越えても耐欠
損性により一層の向上効果が表われないことから、その
平均層厚を0.1〜3μmと定めた。
(C) Fatigue-resistant physical vapor-deposited coating layer The TiN coating layer formed on the outermost layer has an action of improving the fracture resistance of the cutting edge, and is formed as necessary. The average layer thickness is 0.1 μm. When the average thickness is less than 3 μm, the desired effect of improving the fracture resistance cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the average layer thickness exceeds 3 μm, no further improvement effect is exhibited by the fracture resistance. Was.

〔実 施 例〕〔Example〕

つぎに、この発明の表面被覆セラミックス製切削工具
を実施例により具体的に説明する。
Next, a cutting tool made of a surface-coated ceramic of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.

いずれも通常の粉末冶金法で製造され、かつそれぞれ
第1表に示される成分組成をもったA2O3系セラミッ
クス基体およびSi3N4系セラミックス基体を用意し、こ
れら基体を、物理蒸着装置の1種であるアーク放電型イ
オンプレーティング装置の基板上に載置し、まず、 陰 極 :純Ti、 反応雰囲気 :1×10-2torrのN2、 基板印加電圧:−400V、 陰極電流 :110A、 の条件でTiNの物理蒸着を行ない、反応時間にて層厚を
調節して、それぞれ第1表に示される平均層厚の密着性
物理蒸着被覆層(TiN被覆層)を形成し、 ついで、陰極として、A含有量を5〜75重量%の範
囲内で種々変化させた各種のTi−A合金を用いる以外
は同一の条件で、(Ti,A)Nの物理蒸着を行ない、同
様に反応時間にて層厚を調整し、かつTi−A合金中の
A含有量にてTiとAの割合を変化させて、それぞれ
第1表に示される組成および平均層厚の耐摩耗性物理蒸
着被覆層〔(Ti,A)N被覆層〕を形成し、 さらに必要に応じて、再び陰極として純Tiを用い、上
記の条件と同じ条件でTiNの物理蒸着を行ない、それぞ
れ第1表に示される平均層厚の耐欠損性物理蒸着被覆層
(TiN被覆層)を形成することにより、いずれもSPGN124
08のチップ形状をもった本発明表面被覆セラミック製切
削工具(以下本発明被覆切削工具という)1〜33をそれ
ぞれ製造した。
In each case, an A 2 O 3 ceramic substrate and a Si 3 N 4 ceramic substrate each prepared by a normal powder metallurgy method and having the component compositions shown in Table 1 were prepared. Placed on a substrate of an arc discharge ion plating apparatus, which is one of the following: First, the cathode: pure Ti, the reaction atmosphere: 1 × 10 -2 torr of N 2 , the substrate applied voltage: −400 V, the cathode current : 110A, physical vapor deposition of TiN was performed under the following conditions, and the layer thickness was adjusted by the reaction time to form an adhesive physical vapor deposition coating layer (TiN coating layer) having an average layer thickness shown in Table 1, respectively. Then, physical vapor deposition of (Ti, A) N was performed under the same conditions except that various Ti-A alloys having variously changed A contents in the range of 5 to 75% by weight were used as the cathode. The layer thickness is adjusted by the reaction time, and the ratio of Ti and A is determined by the A content in the Ti-A alloy. To form a wear-resistant physical vapor-deposited coating layer [(Ti, A) N coating layer] having the composition and average layer thickness shown in Table 1, respectively. Further, if necessary, pure Ti is again used as a cathode. Each of them was subjected to physical vapor deposition of TiN under the same conditions as described above to form a fracture-resistant physical vapor-deposited coating layer (TiN coating layer) having an average layer thickness shown in Table 1, respectively.
The surface-coated ceramic cutting tools of the present invention (hereinafter, referred to as the coated cutting tools of the present invention) 1 to 33 having the chip shape of No. 08 were manufactured.

また、比較の目的で、上記の密着性物理蒸着被覆層お
よび耐欠損性物理蒸着被覆層の形成を行なわない以外
は、同一の条件で同じく第1表に示される組成および平
均層厚の耐摩耗性物理蒸着被覆層〔(Ti,A)N被覆
層〕だけを形成することにより従来面被覆セラミック製
切削工具(以下従来被覆切削工具という)1〜10を製造
した。
Also, for the purpose of comparison, the abrasion resistance of the composition and average layer thickness shown in Table 1 was also obtained under the same conditions under the same conditions except that the adhesion physical vapor deposition coating layer and the fracture resistant physical vapor deposition coating layer were not formed. Conventional surface-coated ceramic cutting tools (hereinafter referred to as conventional coated cutting tools) 1 to 10 were manufactured by forming only the physical vapor deposition coating layer [(Ti, A) N coating layer].

つぎに、この結果得られた各種の切削工具について、 A.被削材:円周にそって等間隔で6本の仕込み溝を放射
状に有する直径:250mmφのFC30(鋳鉄)製円板材、 切削速度:310〜110m/min(面外側→中心)、 送 り:0.6mm/tev.、 仕込み :1.0mm、 の条件(切削条件Aという)での鋳鉄片側面の高送り乾
式断続切削試験、 B.被削材:FC20の丸棒、 切削速度:500m/min、 送 り:0.3mm/rev.、 仕込み :1.5mm、 切削時間:30分、 の条件(切削条件Bという)での鋳鉄の高速乾式連続切
削試験、 C.被削材をFC40とする以外は切削条件Aと同じ条件(切
削条件Cという)での鋳鉄片側面の高送り乾式断続切削
試験、 D.被削材をFC40とする以外は切削条件Bと同じ条件(切
削条件Dという)での鋳鉄の高速乾式連続切削試験、 E.仕込みを3.0mmとする以外は切削条件Aと同じ条件
(切削条件Eという)での鋳鉄片側面の高送り高切込み
乾式断続切削試験、 F.被削材をFC30とする以外は切削条件Bと同じ条件(切
削条件Fという)での鋳鉄の高速乾式連続切削試験、 以上A〜Fのうち少なくともいずれかの切削条件で切削
試験を行ない、切削条件A,C,およびEでは切刃に欠損が
発生するまでの面削り回数、切削条件BおよびDでは切
刃の逃げ面摩耗幅、切削条件Fでは切刃の逃げ面摩耗幅
が0.3に至るまでの切削時間をそれぞれ測定した。これ
らの測定結果を第1表に示した。
Next, for the various cutting tools obtained as a result, A. Work material: FC30 (cast iron) disk material with a diameter of 250 mmφ and radially having six feed grooves at regular intervals along the circumference, Cutting speed: 310-110 m / min (outside surface → center), Feeding: 0.6mm / tev., Preparation: 1.0mm, high feed dry intermittent cutting test on the side of cast iron under the conditions of (cutting condition A), B. Work material: FC20 round bar, cutting speed: 500m / min, feeding: 0.3mm / rev., preparation: 1.5mm, cutting time: 30min, high speed dry continuous cutting test of cast iron under the following conditions (referred to as cutting condition B), C. Work material is FC40 A. High feed dry intermittent cutting test on the side of cast iron under the same conditions as cutting conditions A (referred to as cutting conditions C), D. Same conditions as cutting conditions B (referred to as cutting conditions D) except that the work material was FC40 High-speed dry-type continuous cutting test of cast iron, E. High-feed, high-cut, dry-interrupted cutting of the side of the cast iron under the same conditions as cutting condition A (cutting condition E) except that the preparation was 3.0 mm. Cutting test, F. High speed dry continuous cutting test of cast iron under the same conditions as cutting conditions B (referred to as cutting conditions F) except that the work material is FC30. Cutting with at least one of the above cutting conditions A to F A test was conducted. The number of times of cutting before the chip was chipped under cutting conditions A, C and E, the flank wear width of the cutting edge under cutting conditions B and D, and the flank wear of the cutting edge under cutting condition F The cutting time until the width reached 0.3 was measured respectively. The results of these measurements are shown in Table 1.

〔発明の効果〕 第1表に示される結果から、本発明被覆切削工具1〜
33は、いずれも密着性物理蒸着被覆層であるTiN層の介
在によって(Ti,A)N被覆層の基体表面に対する密着
性が著しく向上したものになっているので、上記の通り
の苛酷な条件下での切削にも(Ti,A)N被覆層が剥離
することなく、かつ切刃に欠損が発生することなく、
(Ti,A)N被覆層のもつすぐれた耐摩耗性を十分に発
揮するのに対して、TiN被覆層の形成がない従来被覆切
削工具1〜10は、(Ti,A)N被覆層の基体表面に対す
る密着性が不十分なために、上記の苛酷な条件での切削
では、切削開始後、短時間で欠損や剥離が生じ、使用寿
命に至ることが明らかである。
[Effects of the Invention] From the results shown in Table 1, the coated cutting tools 1 to 5 of the present invention are shown.
No. 33 shows that the adhesion of the (Ti, A) N coating layer to the substrate surface was remarkably improved by the interposition of the TiN layer which is an adhesive physical vapor deposition coating layer. Even under cutting, the (Ti, A) N coating layer does not peel off and the cutting edge does not break,
While the excellent wear resistance of the (Ti, A) N coating layer is sufficiently exhibited, the conventional coated cutting tools 1 to 10 having no formation of the TiN coating layer are provided with the (Ti, A) N coating layer. It is clear that, under the above-mentioned cutting under severe conditions, chipping or peeling occurs in a short time after the start of cutting due to insufficient adhesion to the substrate surface, leading to a long service life.

上述のように、この発明の表面被覆セラミックス製切
削工具は、これを構成する硬質の(Ti,A)N被覆層の
2O3系セラミックス基体およびSi3N4系セラミックス
基体の表面に対する密着性が著しく高く、苛酷な条件下
での切削にも欠損や剥離することがないので、切削機械
の高性能化にも満足して対応することができ、かつ実用
に際してすぐれた切削性能を長期に亘って発揮するので
ある。
As described above, the surface-coated ceramic cutting tool of the present invention provides a hard (Ti, A) N coating layer constituting the cutting tool in close contact with the surface of the A 2 O 3 -based ceramic substrate and the Si 3 N 4 -based ceramic substrate. It is extremely high in performance and does not chip or peel off even under severe conditions, so it can satisfy the high performance of cutting machines satisfactorily and has excellent cutting performance in practical use for a long time It works across.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.6,DB名) B23B 27/14 C23C 14/06 C04B 41/89 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. 6 , DB name) B23B 27/14 C23C 14/06 C04B 41/89

Claims (2)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】酸化アルミニウム系セラミックスまたは窒
化けい素系セラミックスからなる基体の表面に、 平均層厚で0.1〜1μmの窒化チタンからなる密着性物
理蒸着被覆層を介して、 平均層厚で0.5〜5μmのTiとAの複合窒化物からな
る耐摩耗性物理蒸着被覆層、 を形成してなる表面被覆セラミックス製切削工具。
The present invention relates to an aluminum oxide-based ceramic or a silicon nitride-based ceramic substrate, and has an average layer thickness of 0.5 to 1 μm through an adhesive physical vapor deposition coating layer of titanium nitride having an average layer thickness of 0.5 to 1 μm. A wear-resistant physical vapor-deposited coating layer made of a composite nitride of 5 μm of Ti and A.
【請求項2】酸化アルミニウム系セラミックスまたは窒
化けい素系セラミックスからなる基本の表面に、 平均層厚で0.1〜1μmの窒化チタンからなる密着性物
理蒸着被覆層を介して、 平均層厚で0.5〜5μmのTiとAの複合窒化物からな
る耐摩耗性物理蒸着被覆層を形成し、 さらに、その上に同じく平均層厚で0.1〜3μmの窒化
チタンからなる耐欠損性物理蒸着被覆層、 を形成してなる表面被覆セラミックス製切削工具。
2. An aluminum oxide-based ceramic or a silicon nitride-based ceramic, on a basic surface thereof, an adhesive layer made of titanium nitride having an average layer thickness of 0.1 to 1 μm via an adhesive physical vapor deposition coating layer, and an average layer thickness of 0.5 to 1 μm. Forming a wear-resistant physical vapor-deposited coating layer composed of a composite nitride of 5 μm of Ti and A, and further forming a defect-resistant physical vapor-deposited coating layer composed of titanium nitride having an average layer thickness of 0.1 to 3 μm; Cutting tool made of surface coated ceramics.
JP2328254A 1990-11-28 1990-11-28 Surface-coated ceramic cutting tool Expired - Fee Related JP2993116B2 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2328254A JP2993116B2 (en) 1990-11-28 1990-11-28 Surface-coated ceramic cutting tool

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JPH04201003A JPH04201003A (en) 1992-07-22
JP2993116B2 true JP2993116B2 (en) 1999-12-20

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Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3866305B2 (en) 1994-10-27 2007-01-10 住友電工ハードメタル株式会社 Composite high hardness material for tools
KR19990066754A (en) * 1997-12-26 1999-08-16 오카무라 가네오 Silicon nitride sintered body, manufacturing method of silicon nitride sintered body and cutting tool made of silicon nitride sintered body

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