JP2980883B2 - Ventilation heat insulation structure of building and ventilation control device used therefor - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a ventilation heat insulation structure for a building and a ventilation control device used for the structure.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, highly insulated and airtight houses have been widely adopted as a housing construction method. This highly insulated and airtight house
It aims to save energy by increasing the insulation of the house and making it airtight, and to provide a house that is warm in winter and cool in summer. In a highly heat-insulated and airtight house, a method is adopted in which the heat insulation property of the walls and windows is enhanced and the airtightness is increased to prevent the invasion of outside air, and the flow of air in the house is controlled by a ventilation design.

[0003] As a method for improving the airtightness of a house, a method of attaching a resin sheet to the surface of a structure such as a wall surface has been adopted. The resin sheet is attached to the outer wall side, and a resin cloth is attached to the inner surface of the room. Enhancement is being made.

[0004]

However, when the house is air-tightly constructed by attaching a resin sheet as described above, the air is not completely breathed at the wall portion, so that the housing is disposed inside the wall surface. The required durability cannot be maintained due to the humidification of the wood of the damaged structure and the decay of the wood, and the formation of dew inside the walls due to stagnation of air inside the wall creates a hotbed for mold and mites. Has occurred.

In a highly heat-insulated and airtight house, the introduction of outside air and the circulation of air in the room are controlled. However, since the resin sheet is used for airtightness, there is no moisture absorption (respiration) on the wall of the room. Humidity cannot be adjusted on the wall. In addition, ventilation is inadequate because it is not configured to actively take in outside air. Also, when circulating air in a room or between rooms, there may be molds and ticks due to air stagnation, and there are problems in the living environment such as the noise of the air circulation fan being noisy. .

Further, when air is circulated between the rooms without proper ventilation of the rooms, harmful chemical substances contained in the building materials are trapped in the room without being discharged to the outside. However, there is also a problem that carbon dioxide and living odors generated from the living environment are filled in the building and are not discharged, thereby causing health problems. Also, in terms of energy saving, high airtightness causes moisture to remain in the room, and internal dew condensation occurs, so a ventilation system is required and the ventilation fan must be constantly running, and filter maintenance is also required. , Heat exchange efficiency is not always high and inefficient, and even a small group needs ventilation and heating of the entire house. In addition, there is a problem in that energy saving cannot always be achieved effectively in that the windows become small in order to achieve high airtightness and high heat insulation, and the lighting time of the lighting equipment becomes long. On the other hand, although the conventional method is excellent in ventilation and ventilation, there is a problem that the heating efficiency is low and the house is cold.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems in a widely used high-insulation high-airtight house. An object of the present invention is to provide a ventilation and heat insulating structure for a building that can maintain and manage a house in a healthy state without being damaged or damaged, and to provide a healthy living environment, and a ventilation control device used for the same. The purpose is.

[0008]

The present invention has the following arrangement to achieve the above object. That is, an external ventilation layer that allows air to flow between the outer surface of the wall component and the outer wall material,
An air-insulating structure for a building in which a ventilation layer is provided inside and outside of a wall component by an internal ventilation layer that allows air to flow between the inner surface of the wall component and the inner wall material, and the inner wall material absorbs and exhausts moisture. The wall surface forming member , wherein the external ventilation layer and the internal ventilation layer are formed as independent ventilation layers, and the internal ventilation layer is provided in communication with the underfloor space.
Communication between the under-floor space of the base supporting the etc. and the internal ventilation layer
To the internal ventilation layer when the outside temperature is low, such as in winter.
To prevent the air from entering
A ventilation control unit that allows air to enter the ventilation layer is provided. In addition, the ventilation control unit
The air inlet for the air and the ventilation hole to the internal ventilation layer are formed inside
A slidable shielding plate is provided to control ventilation to the ventilation layer
Installed ventilation pipes on the base to reduce the outside temperature in winter etc.
In the case of the above, the above-mentioned shielding
Move the board to one side to block ventilation, and
Is high, the action of a spring member using a shape memory alloy
Ventilates the shielding plate against the elastic force of the spring.
Open / close mechanism for ventilation control to move to the other side
It is characterized by being provided. Also, the wall component
When the outside temperature is low, such as in winter,
Prevents the inflow of outside air below, and when the outside temperature is high such as in summer
Automatic using shape memory alloy that allows outside air to enter under the floor
Opening / closing windows are provided. Also, under the outer wall material
Using a shape memory alloy for the drainer provided in the
Automatic opening and closing device having a shielding plate for opening and closing the opening of the ventilation layer
Is provided. Further, the external ventilation layer and
And a ventilation passage communicating with the internal ventilation layer was provided in the roof ridge.
It is provided in communication with the opening, and the opening is opened by a shielding plate.
It can be closed and when the outside temperature is low such as in winter
The shielding plate is moved by the action of the elastic force of the spring.
Move it to one side to block ventilation from the opening to the outside,
Spring using shape memory alloy when the outside temperature is high in summer etc.
The against the elastic force of the spring by the action of the member
On the other hand, a shielding plate allows ventilation from the ventilation path to the outside.
An opening / closing mechanism for moving to the side is provided.

Further, there is provided a ventilation control device used for a ventilation and heat insulating structure of a building provided with the automatic opening / closing device, wherein the opening side is provided.
It is formed in a U-shaped cross section to be installed toward the base,
Ventilation openings are provided on the sides of the
Ventilation pipe with ventilation holes formed on the upper surface facing the gas layer
An opening is formed in accordance with the air hole, and the air hole is opened.
Slidably supported between mouthing and closing positions
Screen when the outside temperature is low, such as in winter.
The ventilation hole is closed by the action of elastic force
To a position where the outside temperature is high, such as during summer months.
The spring is operated by a spring member using a memory alloy.
Position of the shielding plate against the elastic force of opening the ventilation hole.
With an opening and closing mechanism for ventilation control
There is a feature.

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a building to which a ventilation and heat insulating structure for a building according to the present invention is applied will be described below. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the entire configuration of a house to which the ventilation and heat insulating structure is applied. In the ventilation and heat insulating structure of the present embodiment, the outer ventilation layer 10 is provided on the outer wall of the wall, and the inner ventilation layer 20 is provided on the inner wall.
To provide a two-layer ventilation heat insulation layer, and to provide a ventilation control device to control the ventilation in the external ventilation layer 10 and the internal ventilation layer 20 according to the outside air temperature. It is characterized in that air can be breathed without being airtight when pasted.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the outer ventilation layer 10 and the inner ventilation layer 2
0 is provided to form a two-layer ventilation heat insulating layer. In the outer ventilation layer 10 and the inner ventilation layer 20, air flows upward from below. The air flowing through the outer ventilation layer 10 and the inner ventilation layer 20 on the first floor passes through the attic on the first floor, the outer ventilation layer 10 and the inner ventilation layer 20 on the second floor, the attic on the second floor, and the ventilation device 60 on the attic. Released outside.

Reference numeral 22 denotes a heat insulating material. In the wall surface portion, a gap for allowing air to flow is provided between the heat insulating material 22 and the inner wall material 24, and the internal ventilation layer 20 is provided. In the roof portion, a gap is provided between the roof material 26 and the heat insulating material 22 to provide air. Provide ventilation paths.
The attic is a region where air stays and circulates, and some air is discharged from the attic through the attic. Thus, by providing the outer ventilation layer 10 and the inner ventilation layer 20 to allow air to circulate and allow the air to breathe on the wall surface, the humidity in the room, the ventilation control, and the humidity of the structural wood, etc. In addition, the ventilation control is made very effective, and the living environment can be set to extremely favorable conditions.

Although the lower end of the outer wall is formed as a drain section, in this embodiment, an automatic opening / closing device 30 for controlling the flow of air in the external ventilation layer 10 is provided at each of the drain sections on the first and second floors.
Is provided. The automatic opening / closing device 30 shields or opens the opening of the external ventilation layer 10 in response to a change in the outside air temperature depending on the season. The air that has entered from the automatic opening / closing device 30 flows upward through the external ventilation layer 10, and a part of the air flows into the internal ventilation layer 20. Reference numeral 40 denotes an exhaust port provided above the external ventilation layer 10. The exhaust port 40 is for discharging the air that has risen inside the external ventilation layer 10 to the outside. 4
Numeral 2 is a vent to the attic on the first floor, which is installed on the eaves. The ventilation is also controlled by the exhaust port 40 and the ventilation port 42, and the specific configuration will be described later.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the structure of the outer ventilation layer 10 and the inner ventilation layer 20. The outer ventilation layer 10 is a structural panel 1
The outer wall member 14 is provided with a space for allowing air to flow through the outer surface of the outer wall 2. A heat insulating material 22 is provided on the inner wall surface of the structural panel 12, and an internal ventilation layer 20 is provided between the heat insulating material 22 and the inner wall material 24.

An automatic opening / closing window 44 controls the flow of air under the floor. The automatic opening / closing window 44 has a configuration in which an openable / closable shielding plate attached to a through hole provided in a foundation 45 is controlled to open and close using a spring member formed of a shape memory alloy (heat sensing memory alloy). is there. That is,
When the outside temperature is lower than the specific temperature, the spring member formed of the heat-sensitive memory alloy simply deforms plastically and does not have elasticity, and exhibits elasticity when the temperature exceeds the specific temperature. By using, when the outside air temperature exceeds the predetermined temperature, open the window and introduce the outside air, and when the outside air temperature becomes lower than the predetermined temperature, close the window to prevent the outside air from entering Things. In addition, the heat sensing memory alloy has a state having an intermediate action between the temperature range in the elastic state and the temperature range in the plastic state. In this intermediate range, the window opens to an intermediate position. State. The heat-sensitive memory alloy having such an intermediate action is advantageous for the purpose of adjusting the opening degree according to the four seasons.

The outside air introduced under the floor enters the internal ventilation layer 20 through the base member 46 and the column member 48. FIG. 3 shows a state where the column member 48 is viewed from the end face direction. In the present embodiment, the groove 48a is provided on the outer surface of the column member 48 over the entire length, and the air from under the floor or the like flows along the column member 48 using the groove 48a as an air passage. Similarly, a ventilation groove 46a is provided on the outer surface of the base member 46 so that air that has entered under the floor flows into the internal ventilation layer 20 via the groove 46a. By providing the grooves 46a and 48a for ventilation in the base member 46, the column member 48, and the like in this manner, air can be circulated between the internal ventilation layer 20 and the structure, and the column member 48
Can be prevented from becoming stuffy.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 50 denotes a manually operated intake baseboard. FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of the intake baseboard 50. The intake skirting 50 allows the intake hole 52 to be manually opened and closed. The suction baseboard 50 communicates with the internal ventilation layer 20 and is arranged at the lower part of the wall of the room. By opening the suction holes 52 of the suction baseboard 50, the air can be exhausted to the internal ventilation layer 20, and the air in the room can be prevented from stagnating, so that the environment in the room can be suitably maintained.

FIGS. 5 and 6 are explanatory views showing the structure and operation of the automatic opening / closing device 30 as a ventilation control device provided in the lower opening of the external ventilation layer 10. FIG. As described above, the draining portion provided below the outer wall member 14 is provided with the automatic opening / closing device 30 for blocking or opening the flow of the air at the wall surface. In FIGS. 5 and 6, reference numeral 16 denotes a drainage portion fixed to the lower edge of the outer wall member 14, and reference numeral 17 denotes an inner member which is screwed to the outer wall surface of the base member 46. The draining portion 16 is sealed and fixed with a caulking material 18 over the entire length of the lower edge of the outer wall material 14,
The inner member 17 has its lower edge sealed with a caulking material 18. The drainer 16 acts to guide the water falling along the outer wall material 14 outward and drop it.

The automatic opening / closing device 30 of the embodiment has an inner member 1
7, the upper edge of the shielding plate 31 is pivotally supported, and the lower edge of the shielding plate 31 is engaged with one end of a guide rod 32 which is inserted into and supported by a support arm 16a provided in the draining portion 16. Shield plate 3
Reference numeral 1 denotes a width dimension capable of shielding between the base member 46 and the inner wall surface of the outer wall material 14, and is formed in a long body that shields the entire opening of the outer ventilation layer 10.

The other end of the guide rod 32 has an adjustment knob 3
3 is provided, and a spring 34 is mounted between the support arm 16a and the adjustment knob 33. The spring 34 is a spring that rebounds between the support arm 16a and the adjustment knob 33, and the biasing force of the spring 34 is such that the guide rod 32 projects outward, that is, the external ventilation layer 10 is closed by the shielding plate 31. Works. The adjustment knob 33 is for adjusting the urging force of the spring 34.

Reference numeral 35 denotes a spring member which acts to pull the guide rod 32 inward, that is, to open the shielding plate 31 to open the external ventilation layer 10. Spring member 35
Is mounted between the locking portion 32a provided in the middle of the guide rod 32 and a portion near the lower portion of the inner member 17. The spring member 35 of the embodiment is made of a heat-sensitive memory alloy, and exhibits spring properties when the outside air temperature exceeds a certain temperature. The temperature, elasticity, and the like at which the spring member 35 exerts elasticity can be appropriately adjusted. When the spring member 35 exerts elasticity, it is set so that a contraction force exceeding the urging force of the spring 34 acts.

FIG. 5 shows a state in which the outside air temperature is relatively low and the elasticity of the spring member 35 is not exhibited. The spring member 35 in a state where the elasticity is not exerted is merely plastically deformed like a wire, and the guide rod 32 is pulled out by the urging force of the spring 34 as shown in the figure. This state is a state where the shielding plate 31 is closed and the external ventilation layer 10 is closed.

When the outside temperature is low, such as in winter, early spring, late autumn, etc., the outside air can be prevented from entering the outside ventilation layer 10 by closing the shielding plate 31.
Can be used as a layer that provides effective heat insulation. That is, the interior of the room can be protected from outside cold air by the heat insulating action of the external ventilation layer 10, and the room can be efficiently heated. When the outside air temperature is low, the internal ventilation layer 20 is also controlled by the automatic opening / closing window 44 so that the outside air does not enter under the floor. In addition, it has a very effective thermal insulation effect.

On the other hand, when the outside air temperature is high, such as early summer, summer, early autumn, etc., the elastic force of the spring member 35 is exerted, and the contraction force of the spring member 35 is reduced as shown in FIG. The shielding plate 31 is opened to exceed the elastic force. This state is a state in which the outside air is fed into the external ventilation layer 10, a flow of air is generated in the external ventilation layer 10 from the bottom upward, and the external ventilation layer 10 is always cooled by the airflow. As for the internal ventilation layer 20, when the outside air temperature rises, the automatic opening / closing window 44 opens and the outside air enters under the floor, and cool air under the floor flows through the internal ventilation layer 20. As described above, the air flows into the internal ventilation layer 20 mainly from under the floor, but some air flows into the internal ventilation layer 20 from the lower side of the external ventilation layer 10 when the shielding plate 31 is opened.

The flow of air through the outer gas permeable layer 10 and the inner gas permeable layer 20 can keep the house cool by the flow of air. By constantly creating a flow of air in the ventilation layer 20, fresh air can be supplied to the wood such as the pillar members 48 installed in the wall surface, thereby preventing the wood from being stuffed and preventing the whole house from being stuffed. Can be maintained in good condition. Such a flow of air is extremely effective as a function of promoting the respiratory action by the wall surface and discharging the indoor humidity.

When the shielding plate 31 is opened and closed using the spring member 35 made of a heat-sensitive memory alloy as in the present embodiment, the temperature at which the elasticity of the spring member 35 is exerted can be set appropriately. There is an advantage that the opening and closing of the shielding plate 31 can be easily performed without using a complicated driving mechanism, and the opening and closing of the external ventilation layer 10 can be controlled according to the season.

The opening / closing control of the external ventilation layer 10 is more effective in heat insulation and air flow by the external ventilation layer 10 than in the conventional house structure in which the external ventilation layer 10 is always open. It is effective, but automatic opening and closing ground window 4
4 is further effective by controlling the flow of air through the internal ventilation layer 20. In addition, by appropriately adjusting the characteristics of the spring member 35, it is possible to accurately adjust the characteristics according to the season and the characteristics of the region where the house is constructed.

In the above-described embodiment, the configuration of the automatic opening / closing device 30 provided at the drainage portion on the first floor is shown. However, the drainage portion provided at the lower portion of the outer wall member 14 on the second floor may have exactly the same configuration. it can. And by installing the automatic opening and closing device 30 also on the second floor, by controlling the opening and closing of the external ventilation layer 10 also on the second floor part, it acts as a heat insulating layer when the outside air temperature is low, and when the outside air temperature is high Can act as a fluidized bed for air.

The structure of the automatic opening / closing device 30 is not limited to the above embodiment. FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the automatic opening / closing device 30. In this embodiment, the shielding plate 31 is slidably supported in a lateral direction by a drain portion fixed to a lower portion of the outer wall material 14, so that the external ventilation layer 10 can be opened and closed. The shield plate 31 is guided by the guide rod 32 so as to be movable in the lateral direction, and the resilient force of the spring 34 urges the shield plate 31 for closing the external ventilation layer 10. The guide rod 32 also functions as a stopper that regulates a projecting position when the shielding plate 31 is projected by the spring 34.

Reference numeral 35 denotes a spring member formed of a heat-sensing memory alloy similarly to that used in the automatic opening / closing device 30. The spring member exhibits a spring property when the outside air temperature exceeds a certain temperature. In this embodiment, the spring member 35 is attached to the guide rod 32 by being inserted outside the spring 34 concentrically with the spring 34 and the spring force of the spring member 35 is smaller than the elastic force of the spring 34 in a state where the outside temperature is high and the spring property of the spring member 35 is exhibited. The contraction force is set to be higher.

That is, when the outside air temperature is low and the spring property of the spring member 35 is not exhibited, the shielding plate 31 shields the external ventilation layer 10 by the elastic force of the spring 34 and the outside air temperature becomes high, and When the spring property is exhibited, the shield plate 31 is moved by the contraction elastic force of the spring member 35 against the elastic force of the spring 34 so that the draining portion 1
6 to open the outer ventilation layer 10. The automatic opening and closing device 30 of this embodiment can also open and close the shielding plate 31 in accordance with the outside air temperature in exactly the same manner as in the above embodiment, and can control the flow of air in the external ventilation layer 10.

Note that the exhaust port 40 and the vent port 42 provided on the upper portion of the external ventilation layer 10 may be configured to be always open. Since there is a case where the ventilation of the air cannot be controlled accurately, it is preferable to provide an opening / closing mechanism using a heat-sensitive memory alloy also at the exhaust port 40 and the ventilation port 42. FIG.
Is an example in which an opening / closing mechanism is provided in the vent 42. In this embodiment, a slide plate 43 is provided in the vent 42 so as to be movable horizontally, and the slide plate 43 is moved laterally using a heat-sensitive memory alloy to open and close the vent 42. 57
Is a insect net.

As shown in FIG. 9, the slide plate 43 is provided with rectangular ventilation holes 43a at predetermined intervals, and the ventilation holes 42 are also provided with rectangular ventilation holes corresponding to the rectangular ventilation holes 43a. Slide plate 4
By moving 3 in parallel with the air hole 42, the air hole 42 is opened when the air holes communicate with each other, and the air hole 42 is closed when the air holes are closed. Reference numeral 55 denotes a spring that urges the air holes in the closing direction, and reference numeral 56 denotes an elastic force acting when the outside air temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature by using a heat-sensitive memory alloy, and opposes the elastic force of the spring 55. Slide plate 43
Is a spring member that moves the air in a direction in which the vent 42 is opened.

An exhaust port 40 provided above the external ventilation layer 10
Can be installed in exactly the same form as the above configuration. The opening / closing mechanism provided in the exhaust port 40 and the vent port 42 is formed in the same form and can be used in common, and can be shared by each floor. As described above, if the opening and closing mechanism for controlling the ventilation according to the outside air temperature is provided also in the exhaust port 40 and the ventilation port 42, the ventilation of the external ventilation layer 10, the internal ventilation layer 20, and the entire attic can be suitably performed according to the season. Become controlled.

In the housing structure of this embodiment, the ventilation device 60 provided on the back of the hut is also provided with a mechanism for automatically controlling the opening and closing of the air flow according to the outside air temperature. In combination with the flow of air at 20, the ventilation of the entire house can be controlled. FIG. 10 shows the configuration of the ventilation device 60. In the figure, reference numerals 62a and 62b denote casings for closing the opening of the ridge section from above, and a pair of casings are arranged on the left and right sides so as to project to the roof portions on both sides of the opening. The casings 62a and 62b are connected by a hinge 64 so that the mounting angle can be changed, and sealed by a caulking material 66. The mounting angles of the casings 62a and 62b are made variable by adjusting the angle according to the roof angle,
This is in order to be able to cope with the installation of tiles.

The casings 62a and 62b are formed in a stepped shape so that both side edges are at a low level, and are provided with a space through which air flows. Reference numeral 70 denotes a shielding plate that blocks an air passage formed in the casings 62a and 62b. The mechanism for opening and closing the ventilation path by the shielding plate 70 is based on the same concept as the mechanism of the automatic opening and closing device described above, and utilizes the elastic force of the spring 72 and the elastic force of the spring member 74 made of a heat-sensitive memory alloy. It depends.

The shielding plate 70 supports the upper edge so as to be openable and closable inside the casings 62a and 62b, the spring 72 urges the shielding plate 70 in the closing direction, and the spring member 74 operates when the elastic force is exerted. Are arranged to urge the shielding plate 70 in the opening direction. In the embodiment, the spring 72 is the shielding plate 7.
The spring member 74 is arranged to pull the shielding plate 70 outward.

The spring member 70 is a heat-sensitive memory alloy and exhibits elasticity when the outside air temperature increases. At this time, the contraction force is set so that the shielding plate 70 is turned outward against the elastic force of the spring 72 to open the air passage. Reference numeral 76 is an insect net. The air that has risen from the first and second floors flows from the opening of the building to the casing 62a,
When the vehicle enters 62b and the shielding plate 70 is opened, the air is discharged to the outside as it is, and the flow of air as the whole house is completed.

When the outside air temperature is low and the outside air is not taken into the outside ventilation layer 10 and the inside ventilation layer 20, the ventilation plate 60 also closes the shielding plate 70 to prevent the air from flowing out from the back of the cabin. To do. In this way, by interrupting the flow of air, effective heating can be achieved without extra air heated by heating or the like flowing out.

As described above, the ventilation of the entire house can be controlled by controlling the ventilation by the ventilation device 60 in the attic, and when the outside air temperature is low, the external ventilation layer 10, the internal ventilation layer 20, the attic, By suppressing the ventilation in the portion, the heat insulation and the heating effect can be suitably exerted. In addition, when the outside air temperature rises, it is possible to ventilate the air and to circulate the air to the structures such as pillars and bases, thereby preventing the wood from becoming stuffy and maintaining the house in a suitable state. it can. By employing such a ventilation structure, it is possible to provide an extremely healthy living environment without stagnation of air in combination with respiratory action on the wall surface and without generation of mold, mites and the like.

In the above embodiment, the ventilation and heat insulating structure for controlling the flow of air in the external ventilation layer 10 and the internal ventilation layer 20 has been described, but the ventilation from under the floor acts most on the temperature and humidity adjustment in the room. . This is because the air that enters the internal ventilation layer 20 from below the floor acts directly on the wall surface of the room and contributes most to the adjustment of the temperature and humidity in the room as compared with the air that enters from the external ventilation layer 10. In the summer, when the hot outside air that has entered the external ventilation layer 10 enters the internal ventilation layer 20, the room becomes hot. Therefore, the external ventilation layer 10 does not communicate with the internal ventilation layer 20, and from the external ventilation layer 10 to the internal ventilation layer 20. It is good to prevent outside air from entering.

FIG. 11 is a view showing a state in which the outer gas permeable layer 10 is
An embodiment is shown in which the flow of air to zero is closed and air is allowed to flow to the internal ventilation layer 20 only from under the floor. The automatic opening / closing window 44 used in the present embodiment has a casing portion 44a attached to a through hole provided in a foundation 45,
A plate-shaped opening / closing damper 4 is provided on the upper portion of the inner surface of the casing portion 44a.
4b is supported at the upper edge thereof. Opening and closing damper 44
A spring member 40c and a spring 44d, each made of a heat-sensing memory alloy, are stretched between the inner surface of the casing portion 44a at both sides of the lower edge side of the opening and closing dam bar 44b. The spring 44d is a spring that urges in the contracting direction, that is, the direction in which the opening / closing damper 44b is closed, and the spring member 40c exerts a contracting elastic force exceeding the elastic force of the spring 44d when the outside air temperature reaches a predetermined temperature or higher. It is.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the automatic opening / closing window 44. When the outside air temperature is low such as in winter, the opening / closing damper 44b closes the front opening of the casing 44a by the elastic force of the spring 44d, and when the outside air temperature is high in summer or the like, the contraction elastic force of the spring member 40c causes the opening and closing damper 44b to close. Opening and closing damper 44b
Is lifted up, and the opening is opened so that outside air can be taken in. 44e is a net for shielding the opening on the front surface of the casing 44a.

The outside air introduced into the underfloor through the automatic opening / closing window 44 flows into the inner ventilation layer 20 and flows through the wall.
Since controlling the ventilation of the internal ventilation layer 20 only by opening and closing the opening / closing damper 44b of the automatic opening / closing window 44 does not result in accurate control, in this embodiment, a ventilation control unit that controls the ventilation in the internal ventilation layer 20. Automatic opening / closing window 4 with 80
4 and the ventilation is controlled. The ventilation control unit 80 includes a ventilation pipe 82 having an open side facing the base 46 and having a U-shaped cross section, and a shielding plate 84 slidably mounted on the upper inner surface of the ventilation pipe 82.

By arranging the ventilation pipe 82 on the upper surface of the base 46, the inner space surrounded by the ventilation pipe 82 becomes a communicating part. Reference numeral 86 denotes a vent opening on the side of the ventilation pipe 82 on the lower side of the floor. The vent 86 serves as an inlet for taking in outside air introduced from the automatic opening / closing window 44 into the vent pipe 82. A joist or an underfloor heat insulating material is installed on the base 46 along with it, but it is necessary to prevent the ventilation hole 86 from being blocked when these are installed. Reference numeral 88 denotes a ventilation hole opened on the upper surface of the ventilation pipe 82. The shielding plate 84 is provided with the ventilation holes 88.
The ventilation hole 88 is opened or closed by sliding the shielding plate 84 in the longitudinal direction.

The mechanism for slidingly moving the shielding plate 84 is the same as the opening / closing mechanism for ventilation control provided at the exhaust port 40 and the ventilation port 42, and a spring for urging the shielding plate 84 in the direction in which the ventilation hole 88 closes. And a spring member made of a heat-sensitive memory alloy in which a contraction elastic force acts in a direction in which the air holes 88 are opened. Of course, another configuration may be adopted as a mechanism for slidingly moving the shielding plate 84. With the above configuration, the ventilation control unit 8
In the case of 0, when the outside air temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature, the shielding plate 84 slides, and the air that has entered the ventilation pipe 84 from the ventilation hole 86 flows into the internal ventilation layer 20 through the ventilation hole 88, When the temperature drops, the ventilation holes 88 are shielded by the shielding plate 84, thereby preventing outside air from entering the internal ventilation layer 20.

As described above, when the ventilation control unit 80 is provided on the base 46, the ventilation of the internal ventilation layer 20 according to the outside air temperature is controlled in accordance with the outside air temperature together with the ventilation control by the automatic opening / closing window 44. Ventilation control becomes possible. When the ventilation control unit 80 is provided, the automatic opening / closing ground window 44 may be a normal fixed type ground window, and the ventilation amount of the internal ventilation layer 20 may be exclusively controlled by the ventilation control unit 80. By arranging the opening on the side of the base 46 of the ventilation pipe 84, the ventilation of the base 46 can be ensured by the ventilation of the ventilation pipe 84.

In the case of the ventilation and heat insulating structure of a building according to the present invention, since the outer ventilation layer 10 and the inner ventilation layer 20 have a heat insulating action, for example, in the winter, the room is cut off by the inner ventilation layer 20 whose ventilation is cut off. Is wrapped, and is shielded from the outside air, so that efficient heating is performed and efficient energy saving can be achieved. Further, in the summer season, the external ventilation layer 10 and the internal ventilation layer 20 are ventilated so that suitable cooling is performed, which can contribute to energy saving.

[0049]

According to the ventilation and heat insulating structure for a building according to the present invention, as described above , the ventilation between the underfloor space and the internal ventilation layer is achieved.
Control , and by combining it with the function of absorbing and discharging moisture from the wall, it is possible to exert a suitable ventilation function as the whole building,
Capable of providing a good living environment extremely healthy and Do <br/> Ru. In addition, it is possible to prevent the wood or the like used as a structural material from being stuffed, and to improve the durability of the building. In addition, by using the ventilation control device using the shape memory alloy according to the present invention, it is possible to perform appropriate ventilation management according to the season with a simple configuration and easily obtain a healthy living environment. It has significant effects such as energy saving.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a house to which a ventilation and heat insulating structure for a building according to the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of an external ventilation layer and an internal ventilation layer.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a mounting structure of a column member.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an intake skirting board.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration and operation of the automatic opening / closing device.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration and operation of the automatic opening / closing device.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing another configuration of the automatic opening / closing device.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing an opening / closing mechanism provided in a vent.

FIG. 9 is a plan view of a slide plate.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a configuration of a ventilation device.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory view showing another embodiment of the ventilation and heat insulating structure of a building.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing a configuration of an automatic opening / closing window.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 External ventilation layer 12 Structural panel 14 Outer wall material 16 Drain part 20 Inner ventilation layer 22 Insulation material 24 Inner wall material 30 Automatic opening / closing device 31, 70 Shielding plate 32 Guide rod 34, 72 Spring 35, 74 Spring member 40 Exhaust port 42 Ventilation Mouth 43 Slide plate 44 Automatic opening / closing window 44b Open / close damper 44c Spring member 45 Foundation 46 Base 48 Column member 50 Intake baseboard 60 Ventilation device 62a, 62b Casing 70 Shielding plate 80 Ventilation control unit 82 Vent pipe 84 Shielding plate 86 Vent 88 Vent

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-62-194346 (JP, A) JP-A-8-82017 (JP, A) JP-A-9-125544 (JP, A) JP-A-1- 127743 (JP, A) JP-A-3-36354 (JP, A) JP-A-2-93228 (JP, A) JP-A-9-78717 (JP, A) JP-A-9-13523 (JP, A) Japanese Utility Model No. 5-42415 (JP, U) Japanese Utility Model Application No. Sho 60-172904 (JP, U) Japanese Utility Model Application No. 3-128106 (JP, U) Utility model registration 2518697 (JP, Y2) (58) Fields investigated (Int) .Cl. ⁶ , DB name) E04B 1/70 E04B 1/74 F24F 3/00 F24F 7/007

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] 1. A wall structure comprising: an outer ventilation layer that allows air to flow between an outer surface of a wall component and an outer wall material; and an inner ventilation layer that allows air to flow between an inner surface of the wall component and the inner wall material. A ventilation and heat insulating structure for a building provided with a ventilation layer inside and outside of a member, wherein the inner wall material is provided so as to be capable of absorbing and discharging moisture, and the external ventilation layer and the internal ventilation layer are formed as independent ventilation layers.
The inner ventilation layer is formed and provided so as to communicate with the underfloor space, and the underfloor space of the base supporting the wall surface component and the like is connected to the inner floor.
When the outside air temperature is low, such as in winter,
To prevent air from entering the internal ventilation layer,
A ventilation and heat insulating structure for a building, comprising a ventilation control unit that allows air to enter the internal ventilation layer when the temperature is high . 2. A ventilation control unit for conducting air from a space under the floor.
Ventilation holes for the inlet and the internal ventilation layer are formed,
Ventilation with a slidable shielding plate to control ventilation
The pipe is installed on the base, and when the outside temperature is low in winter etc., the elastic force of the spring is
The action moves the shielding plate to one side to prevent ventilation.
Use a shape memory alloy when the outside temperature is high, such as in summer.
Against the elastic force of the spring by the action of the spring member
Ventilation that moves the shielding plate to the other side that allows ventilation
It is characterized by having an opening and closing mechanism for control
The ventilation heat insulation structure for a building according to claim 1 . 3. A base for supporting a wall component, etc.
When the outside temperature is low, etc., it blocks the inflow of outside air under the floor,
Allows outside air to enter under the floor when the outside temperature is high in summer etc.
Features an automatic opening / closing window using shape memory alloy
The ventilation and heat insulating structure for a building according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: 4. A draining portion provided at a lower portion of an outer wall material has a shape.
A shield for opening and closing the opening of the external ventilation layer using a memory alloy
An automatic opening and closing device having a cover plate is provided.
4. The ventilation and heat insulating structure for a building according to claim 1, 2 or 3. 5. A communication with the outer ventilation layer and the inner ventilation layer.
Air passage that communicates with the opening in the roof ridge
And the opening is provided so as to be openable and closable by a shielding plate,
When the outside temperature is low, such as in winter, the elastic force
By the action, the shielding plate is ventilated from the opening to the outside.
Move to one side to block when the outside temperature is high such as in summer
Is formed by the action of a spring member using a shape memory alloy.
The shielding plate is removed from the ventilation path against the elastic force of the ring.
An opening and closing mechanism that moves to the other side to allow ventilation to the part
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the light emitting device is provided.
Ventilation insulation structure of buildings. 6. The ventilation and heat insulating structure for a building according to claim 2.
A ventilation control device to be used, which is formed in a U-shaped cross section , with the opening side facing the base.
Ventilation openings are provided on the underside of the floor.
Air holes are formed at the top surface facing the internal ventilation layer.
And an opening is formed in accordance with the ventilation hole, and the ventilation hole is opened.
Between the closed position and the closed position.
When the outside temperature is low, such as in winter, the spring
The shield plate is moved to the position for closing the ventilation hole by the action.
Use a shape memory alloy when the outside temperature is high, such as in summer.
Against the elastic force of the spring by the action of the spring member
The shield plate is moved to a position where the vent hole is opened.
And an opening and closing mechanism for air control.
Ventilation control device.