JP2000320031A - Building - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a building which enhances energy saving and improves habitability thereof. SOLUTION: There is provided a building which has habitable rooms 4 on respective stories and an open ceiling 3 communicating with the respective rooms on a side of an external wall 2. An exhaust port 6 is openably formed at an upper portion of the open ceiling 3 and a fresh air intake port 7 is formed at a lower portion of the same. At least part of the external wall 2 having the open ceiling 3 arranged inside is constituted of transparent sheet glasses which are arranged at locations where the sheet glasses can be seen from each habitable room 4 through the open ceiling 3.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a building having a stairwell on the outer wall side, and more particularly to a building utilizing the stairwell as a natural ventilation device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a building such as an office building, it is common to air-condition the entire building or a part of the building with an air conditioner. In a building having such a structure, when only ventilation is performed, it is common to perform forced ventilation using the air conditioner. Therefore, in a building equipped with such an air conditioner, natural ventilation is performed only by an operation of simply opening a window.

[0003]

However, in recent years, there has been a tendency for energy saving to be more and more desired. For this reason, a structure in which the use of energy such as electricity is suppressed as much as possible is required for the air conditioning of a building. ing.
In addition, particularly in buildings such as office buildings, there is a tendency that comfort, which is different from air conditioning, is desired, and an indoor environment without feeling of oppression and having a good view is required.

[0004] However, in the conventional general buildings as described above, it cannot be said that energy saving is sufficiently made, for example, due consideration is not given to natural ventilation.
In fact, sufficient consideration has not been given to the livability. The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, the purpose is to promote energy saving, and at the same time, to improve the livability,
To provide buildings.

[0005]

The building according to the present invention has a stairwell on the outer wall side communicating with rooms on different floors, and an exhaust port is provided at the upper part of the stairwell so as to be openable and closable, and at the lower part. An outside air intake is provided, at least a part of the outer wall having the inside of the stairwell is made of transparent glass, and the transparent glass is arranged at a location that can be seen through the stairwell from the living room. This is means for solving the above problems.

According to this building, the convection due to the rise of the hot air occurs in the stairwell, so that excess air in the living room communicating with the stairwell is exhausted from the exhaust port along with the rising airflow. In addition, since the stairwell communicates with the living room, the living room can be spread, and furthermore, at least a part of the outer wall is made of transparent glass, and the transparent glass is disposed at a location where the transparent glass can be seen through the stairwell. The view is excellent.

In addition, if an air supply port for taking in outside air is provided in each of the above-mentioned rooms, fresh outside air is supplied from the air supply port into each of the rooms, and excess air in the room is exhausted through the blow-through. As a result, the living room is naturally ventilated. In addition, if the air supply port is formed so as to also serve as an outside air intake of an air conditioner for air-conditioning the living room, the air conditioning in the living room by the air conditioner and the living room in a state where the air conditioner is stopped. And natural ventilation in the interior can be selected and performed.

Further, if a screen covering the transparent glass is provided in the atrium so as to be openable and closable in a state separated from the transparent glass, the screen is opened when the solar radiation on the outer wall side is strong in summer or the like. By covering the transparent glass, the solar radiation to the living room side is prevented, and the radiation of heat to the living room is reduced by forming a heat pool between the transparent glass and the screen.

A control unit for controlling the opening and closing of the air outlet is connected to the air outlet, and an external air temperature sensor and a temperature sensor in the air passage are connected to the control unit. At least one of a sensor, a rainfall sensor for detecting the presence or absence of rainfall and the amount of rainfall, a humidity sensor for detecting humidity in the atrium, and a wind direction and wind speed sensor for detecting a wind direction and a wind speed near the building, is connected to the control unit. If the opening and closing of the exhaust port is controlled based on the detection results of these sensors, natural ventilation by blow-by can be appropriately performed according to the weather and environmental conditions.

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a building of the present invention will be described in detail based on an embodiment. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a building according to the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a building. This building 1 is an office building with ten floors above the ground, and has a shaft-like space, that is, a space penetrating in the vertical direction of the building 1 on three or more floors on one outer wall 2 side. It was done.

The stairwell 3 is the second floor outer wall 2 of the building 1
a, which forms a part of the overhang portion as shown in the simplified plan view of FIG. 2, and as shown in FIG. 1, living rooms on each floor of three or more floors 4 are formed in communication with each other. Here, each living room 4 is used as an office room, a meeting room, or the like. On the outer wall 2, at a position where the blow-through 3 is disposed inside, a transparent tempered glass (transparent glass) is attached to almost all the surface thereof in a state fitted in a frame (not shown). With such a configuration, from inside the building 1,
That is, the outside can be seen from the side of the living room 4.

A large number of roll screens 5 are provided in the blow-through 3 so as to be openable and closable so as to cover the transparent glass. These roll screens 5 are arranged corresponding to each of the living rooms 4 on each floor, and can open and close the corresponding roll screens 5 from the corresponding living room 4. The opening / closing operation of the roll screen 5 can be similarly performed from the management room. The roll screen 5 is opened and closed by winding up the roll clean 5 with an electric motor or opening the roll clean 5 in the opposite manner, as in the case of the conventionally known roll screen.

The roll screens 5 are arranged apart from the transparent glass forming the outer wall 2. When the roll screens 5 are opened and the transparent glass is covered, the roll screens 5 are exposed to sunlight. The generated heat is blocked by the roll screens 5 and accumulates between the roll screens 5 and the transparent glass of the outer wall 2, and is prevented from reaching the living room 4.

An exhaust port 6 is provided at an upper portion of the blow-by hole 3, and an outside air inlet 7 is provided at a lower portion thereof.
The exhaust port 6 is opened in the horizontal direction at the upper part of the blow-by hole 3, and is formed so as to suppress the blowing of wind and rain. The exhaust port 6 is provided with a damper 8 so that the exhaust port 6 can be opened and closed. In addition, outside air intake 7
Is opened downward at the lower part of the well 3 and is formed so as to suppress the blowing of wind and rain. The outside air inlet 7 is also provided with a damper 9 so that the outside air inlet 7 can be opened and closed.

The dampers 8 and 9 are electrically connected to a control unit 10, and the opening and closing and opening of the dampers 8 and 9 are adjusted by a signal from the control unit 10.
The control unit 10 includes an outside air temperature sensor (not shown) arranged outside the building 1 to detect a temperature outside the building 1, and an inside temperature sensor arranged inside the atrium 3 and detecting the temperature inside the atrium 3 (Not shown), a differential pressure sensor (not shown) for detecting a differential pressure between the outside of the building 1 and the inside of the atrium 3, a rain sensor (not shown) for detecting the presence or absence of rainfall, and the amount of rainfall, A humidity sensor (not shown) for detecting the humidity and the humidity in the atrium 3;
A wind direction and wind speed sensor (not shown) for detecting a wind direction and a wind speed in the vicinity, and a CO in the living room 4
_{2 is connected} to a CO ₂ sensor (not shown) for detecting the concentration and a floating dust sensor (not shown) which is similarly arranged in each living room 4 and detects the concentration of the floating dust in the living room 4. The control unit 10 adjusts the opening and closing of the dampers 8 and 9 on the basis of the results obtained by these sensors, and independently controls the opening and closing of the exhaust port 6 and further the outside air intake 7 or It is controlled in conjunction.

Each of the living rooms 4 is provided with an air supply port 11 for taking in outside air into an outer wall portion on the side opposite to the atrium 3. The air supply port 11 is configured to communicate with a return path 12 formed in the ceiling portion and the wall of the living room 4 and directly communicate with a floor blowout / perimeter system-integrated wall-through air conditioner (air conditioner) 13. Things. Here, a damper (not shown) is provided at a position where the air supply port 11 and the return path 12 join, whereby the air conditioner 13 switches the air supply port 1 by switching the damper.
1, the outside air can be taken in, and the air in the living room 4 can be taken in again from the return path 12 as described later.

With such a configuration, the air conditioner 13 can, for example, perform a blowing operation to take in outside air from the air supply port 11, thereby directly introducing the fresh outside air into the living room 4. By performing air-conditioning (cooling / heating) operation and taking in return air from the return path 12, cool air or warm air whose temperature and humidity are adjusted can be introduced into the living room 4. In addition, with such a configuration, the air supply port 11 also serves as an outside air intake of the air conditioner (air conditioner) 13.

The air supply side of the air conditioner 13 is
Is arranged in a state of communicating with an air supply passage 14 formed under the floor. The air supply passage 14 is formed below the actual floor surface 15 by forming the living room 4 on a double floor, and is provided through a plurality of outlets 16 formed on the actual floor surface 15. Are formed so as to communicate with each other on the actual floor surface 15.
With such a configuration, the air sent from the air conditioner 13 flows into the living room 4 through the air supply passage 14, the outlets 16, and so on.

A fan coil unit 17 is provided in the return path 12 on the ceiling. The fan coil unit 17 is installed such that the suction side thereof communicates with a suction port 18 formed on the ceiling surface, sucks air in the living room 4 and sends it out to the return path 12, and the air conditioner 13. It is configured to circulate through. A partition 19 made of transparent tempered glass is provided between the living room 4 and the stairwell 3, and an opening 20 for communicating the living room 4 with the stairwell 3 is provided between the partition 19 and the ceiling. Is formed. In addition, between the living room 4 on the top floor and the stairwell 3, no opening is formed in order to prevent air from blowing into the living room 4 from the stairwell 3, so that the flow of air between them is shut off. A partition 21 is provided.

Next, an example of air conditioning in such a building 1 will be described. On a sunny day in spring or autumn, or in a morning or winter noon, such as a climate or weather day (hour) when air conditioning is almost unnecessary, the control unit 10 controls the damper 9 of the outside air inlet 7 below the blow-through 3. And open the stairwell 3
The damper 8 of the upper exhaust port 6 is opened. At this time, the air conditioner 13 performs a blowing operation so that fresh outside air is taken in from the intake port 11 and blown out into the living room 4 as it is.

When the exhaust port 6 and the outside air intake 7 of the blow-through 3 are opened in this way, and outside air is introduced into the living room 4,
In the well 3, heat is accumulated in the well 3 due to solar radiation on the transparent glass of the outer wall 2. Then, the air whose temperature has been increased by this heat rises from below to above, that is, from the outside air intake 7 side to the exhaust port 6 side, and is finally exhausted from the exhaust port 6. Therefore, the solar heat that has entered the atrium 3 from the outer wall 2 is blocked from radiating toward the living room 4 by the hot airflow (natural convection) rising through the atrium 3.
Further, it is carried outside through the exhaust port 6.

On the other hand, in the living room 4, heat is radiated from the person into the air as the person works there to perform work or the like, whereby the temperature of the air rises and the C
Also it increases such as O ₂ gas concentration and dust concentration. However, since fresh and relatively low-temperature air continues to be introduced into the living room 4 from under the floor, when the temperature of the air in the living room 4 rises as described above, the temperature rises. The “dirty” air becomes excess air, passes through the opening 20 on the partition 19 and flows into the blow-through 3. Then, the “dirty” air that has flowed in here is conveyed to the exhaust port 6 by the above-mentioned hot airflow (natural convection) due to the rise in temperature and the like, and is exhausted to the outside as it is.

Therefore, in this building 1, it is possible to suppress the temperature rise in the living room 4 and to perform the ventilation at the same time by simply performing the air blowing operation without performing the air conditioning (cooling) operation of the air conditioner 1. In addition, the blowing operation of the air conditioner 1 is also stopped,
Even if the forced introduction of outside air from under the floor is stopped,
A part of the outside air flowing from the outside air intake 7 is carried into each living room 4 by a hot air flow (natural convection) generated in the blow-through 3, and is replaced by “dirty” air in the living room 4. The interior of the living room 4 is naturally ventilated.

In such an example, when the sunlight is not so strong and does not significantly affect the temperature environment in the living room 4, the roll screen 5 can be closed to expose the inner surface side of the transparent glass. Living room 4
From the inside, the outside of the building 1 can be seen through the atrium 3. When the sunlight is strong and greatly affects the temperature environment in the living room 4, the roll screen 5 is opened to cover the inner surface side of the transparent glass, so that the heat generated by the solar radiation is cut off by the roll screen 5. A heat reservoir is formed between the screens 5 and the transparent glass of the outer wall 2, so that heat can be prevented from being radiated to the living room 4 side.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of a so-called night purge in which the entire building 1 (mainly inside the building) is cooled to reduce the cooling load in the daytime when the outside temperature at night is low in summer or the like. Description will be made based on the drawings. When performing natural ventilation at night, prior to this, the control unit 10 makes the following determinations based on the detection (detection) results of the sensors connected to the control unit 10.

That is, first, the presence / absence of rainfall and the amount of rainfall are detected by a rainfall sensor, and if there is rainfall, it is determined whether the amount of rainfall is smaller than a predetermined amount (Step 1, abbreviated as ST1). And so on). If the amount of rainfall is equal to or greater than a preset amount (No), the night purge is stopped in order to avoid rain from being blown into the atrium 3 or the living room 4.

If the amount of rainfall is smaller than the preset amount (Yes), the wind direction and the wind speed near the building 1 are detected by the wind direction and wind speed sensor, and in particular, whether or not the wind speed is lower than the preset wind speed is determined. Is determined (ST2). When the wind speed is equal to or higher than the preset wind speed (in the case of No), the night purge is stopped, particularly in order to avoid the generation of an airflow of a certain size or more in the living room 4.

When the wind speed is lower than the preset wind speed (in the case of Yes), the temperature outside the building 1 is detected by the outside air temperature sensor, and the temperature inside the blow-through 3 is detected by the temperature sensor inside the blow-through. An enthalpy difference between the inside and outside of the building 1 is obtained by detecting the humidity outside the building 1 and the humidity inside the atrium 3 by the humidity sensor, and based on the enthalpy difference and the load prediction of the next day previously obtained by a weather forecast or the like. Then, it is determined whether or not there is an effect such as energy saving by performing the night purge, that is, whether or not this has a gain (ST3).
Then, when it is determined that no gain is obtained (No), the night purge is stopped.

When it is determined that a gain is obtained (Ye
In the case of s), the differential pressure sensor detects the differential pressure between the outside of the building 1 and the inside of the atrium 3 and predicts the gain heat per unit time based on the detection result. Calculate the time to obtain the calorific value. And
The calculated time is suitable for performing the night purge,
That is, it is determined whether it is a proper time (for example, 10 hours or 12 hours) (ST4). Each judgment is performed in this manner, and when it is finally determined that the time is appropriate (in the case of Yes), the respective dampers 8 and 9 of the exhaust port 6 of the blow-through 3 and the outside air intake 7 are opened. ,
Perform a night purge. If it is determined that the time is not the appropriate time (No), the night purge is stopped.

According to such a night purge, the building 1 (mainly the frame) can be cooled by natural ventilation in the atrium 3 to reduce the cooling load in the daytime, thereby conserving energy. .

Next, an example of a case in which natural ventilation by the blow-by hole 3 is used when air conditioning (cooling) is performed in the daytime in summer or the like will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. Even when natural ventilation is used in combination with air conditioning (cooling), prior to this, the control unit 10 makes the following determinations based on the detection (detection) results of the sensors connected to the control unit 10. Do.

That is, as in the case of the night purge described above, first, the presence or absence of rainfall and the amount of rainfall are detected by a rainfall sensor, and if there is rainfall, it is determined whether the amount of rainfall is smaller than a preset amount. Judge (step 1). If the amount of rainfall is equal to or greater than a preset amount (No), the natural ventilation is stopped in order to avoid blowing rain into the atrium 3 or the living room 4.

When the amount of rainfall is smaller than a predetermined amount (in the case of Yes), the wind direction and the wind speed near the building 1 are detected by the wind direction and wind speed sensor, and in particular, whether the wind speed is lower than the preset wind speed is determined. Is determined (ST2). When the wind speed is equal to or higher than the preset wind speed (in the case of No), the natural ventilation is stopped in order to avoid the generation of the airflow having a certain size or more in the living room 4.

When the wind speed is lower than the preset wind speed (in the case of Yes), the temperature outside the building 1 is detected by the outside air temperature sensor, and the temperature inside the blow-through 3 is detected by the temperature sensor inside the blow-through. The enthalpy difference between the inside and outside of the building 1 is obtained by detecting the humidity outside the building 1 and the humidity inside the atrium 3 by the humidity sensor, and the heat load in the living room 4 is reduced by using natural ventilation together with the difference in the enthalpy. It is determined whether or not it is performed (ST3). When it is determined that the reduction is not reduced (in the case of No), the natural ventilation is stopped.

When it is determined that the light emission is reduced (Ye
s), CO ₂ in the living room 4 is detected by the CO ₂ sensor.
It detects the ₂ concentration, floating the dust sensor detects the airborne dust concentration in the room 4, determine whether these CO ₂ concentration and the airborne dust concentration is below the reference value set in advance. Then, based on the obtained result, it is determined whether or not the CO ₂ concentration and the suspended dust concentration in the living room 4 can be respectively suppressed to the set values or less even when the cooling operation of the air conditioner 13 is stopped (ST).
4).

When the respective determinations are made in this way, and it is determined that the CO ₂ concentration and the suspended dust concentration in the living room 4 are each suppressed to the set values or less (in the case of Yes), the exhaust port 6 of the blow-through 3 is determined. And the respective dampers 8 and 9 of the outside air intake 7 are opened, and natural ventilation is used together. If it is determined that the value cannot be suppressed to the set value or less (No), the combined use with natural ventilation is stopped.

When air conditioning (cooling) is performed together with natural ventilation as described above, the energy load required for the air conditioning operation can be reduced, and energy can be saved.

In the examples shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the air supply port 11 for taking in the outside air is provided in each living room 4.
These air supply ports 11 are not particularly provided, and natural ventilation may be performed by taking in outside air only from the outside air intake 7 of the blow-through 3.

[0039]

As described above, the building of the present invention is provided with an openable / closable exhaust port at the upper part of the stairwell and an outside air intake at the lower part thereof. By causing the air to flow naturally, surplus air in the living room communicating with the atrium can be exhausted from the exhaust port together with the upward airflow, thereby saving energy. Also, since the stairwell communicates with the living room, the living room can be expanded, and furthermore, at least a part of the outer wall is made of transparent glass, and the transparent glass is disposed at a place where the transparent glass can be seen through the stairwell. , The view is also excellent,
Therefore, there is no feeling of oppression and comfort is provided.

If an air supply port for taking in outside air is provided in each of the above-mentioned rooms, fresh outside air is supplied from the air supply port into each of the rooms, and excess air in the room is exhausted through the blow-through. By doing so, natural ventilation can be performed in the living room, which can further save energy. In addition, if the air supply port is formed so as to also serve as an outside air intake of an air conditioner for air-conditioning the living room, the air conditioning in the living room by the air conditioner and the living room in a state where the air conditioner is stopped. A variety of air-conditioning methods can be used, such as a night purge that only performs natural ventilation during the night, and a combination of air conditioning (cooling) and natural ventilation during the day. Can be.

Further, if a screen covering the transparent glass is provided in the atrium so as to be openable and closable in a state of being separated from the transparent glass, the screen is opened when the solar radiation on the outer wall side is strong in summer or the like. By covering the transparent glass, it is possible to prevent sunlight from entering the living room and form a heat pool between the transparent glass and the screen to mitigate the radiation of heat to the living room, thereby conserving energy. be able to.

A control unit for controlling the opening and closing of the exhaust port is connected to the exhaust port, and various sensors are connected to the control unit. The control unit is connected to the exhaust port based on the detection results of these sensors. If we control the opening and closing of the mouth,
Natural ventilation by a stairwell can be appropriately performed according to the weather and environmental conditions, and therefore various air conditioning systems can be adopted.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a main part showing a schematic configuration of an embodiment of a building according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a simplified plan view of the building shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a determination when performing a night purge.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a determination in a case where natural ventilation is used in combination with air conditioning (cooling).

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Building, 2 ... Exterior wall, 3 ... Blowhole, 4 ... Living room, 5 ... Roll screen, 6 ... Exhaust port, 7 ... Outside air intake, 8, 9
... damper, 10 ... control unit, 11 ... air supply port, 13 ... air conditioner (air conditioner)

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Ken Okazaki 1-2-7 Moto-Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo Inside Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Norio Kita 1-2-7 Moto-Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo No. Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. F-term (reference) 2E001 DB02 FA04 FA35 GA12 GA24 HA11 KA01 KA03 NA07 NB05 NC06 ND08 ND11 QA02

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A building having, on an outer wall side, a stairwell communicating with a living room on a different floor, wherein an exhaust port is provided to be openable and closable at an upper part of the stairwell, and an outside air intake is provided at a lower part. A building, characterized in that at least a part of the outer wall having the stairwell inside is made of transparent glass, and the transparent glass is arranged at a place where the transparent room can be seen through the stairwell. 2. The building according to claim 1, wherein each of the living rooms is provided with an air supply port for taking in outside air. 3. The building according to claim 2, wherein the air supply port also serves as an outside air intake of an air conditioner for air conditioning the living room. 4. A screen for covering said transparent glass, said screen being provided in said blow-by space so as to be openable and closable in a state separated from said transparent glass.
The mentioned building. 5. A control unit for controlling the opening and closing of the exhaust port is connected to the outside air temperature sensor and the inside temperature of the blow-through.
Differential pressure sensor between the outside of the building and the inside of the atrium, a rainfall sensor that detects the presence or absence of rainfall and the amount of rainfall, a humidity sensor that detects the humidity outside the building and the inside of the atrium, and a wind direction and wind speed sensor that detects the wind direction and wind speed near the building 5. The building according to claim 1, wherein the control unit controls opening and closing of the exhaust port based on a result obtained by the sensors. 6. .