JP4295541B2

JP4295541B2 - Ventilation system

Info

Publication number: JP4295541B2
Application number: JP2003092560A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 覚浩野村; 清美丹羽; 龍一郎義江; 晃佐竹; 博吉野; 信介加藤; 灯持田
Original assignee: Maeda Corp; Toshiba Carrier Corp
Current assignee: Maeda Corp; Toshiba Carrier Corp
Priority date: 2003-03-28
Filing date: 2003-03-28
Publication date: 2009-07-15
Anticipated expiration: 2023-03-28
Also published as: JP2004301375A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、建物の換気に使用される換気システムに関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
建物の屋根に集熱器を設置して太陽熱を集め、集めた熱気をダクトにより床下の屋内熱交換器に導き、その屋内熱交換器を通して屋内空気を換気するタイプの冷暖房システムがある（例えば特許文献１参照）。
【０００３】
建物の屋根に太陽電池を設置して太陽熱を集め、集めた熱気を通気層により換気装置に導き、その換気装置から屋内外に空気を分配するシステムもある（例えば特許文献２参照）。
【０００４】
【特許文献１】
特開平７−２１７０１１号公報
【０００５】
【特許文献２】
特開平９−６０９８１号公報
【０００６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記のようなシステムでは、コントロールボックスと称される空気流路の切換手段を建物内に設置し、しかも床下空間などに屋内熱交換器や換気装置を設置しており、空気流路の切換手段と屋内熱交換器や換気装置との間のダクト配管が長くなったり、設置時の作業性が悪く、メンテナンス性も悪いという問題がある。
【０００７】
しかも、空気流路の切換手段と屋内熱交換器や換気装置との間に制御用の信号を配設しなければならないなど、電気工事の面でも作業性やメンテナンス性が悪くなる。
【０００８】
この発明は上記の事情を考慮したもので、建物内の快適空調および省エネルギ効果を得ながら、ダクト長の増大、作業性の悪化、メンテナンス性の悪化といった不具合を解消することができる換気システムを提供することを目的とする。
【０００９】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項１に係る発明の換気システムは、屋外に設けられ、表面に集放熱面を有し、内部に通気空間を有する集放熱装置を備えるとともに、換気装置を備えている。換気装置は、集放熱装置に通じる通気口、屋内空間に通じる給気口、屋内空間に通じる吸込口、屋外空間に臨む排気口、屋外空間に臨む外気導入口、通気口および外気導入口から給気口に通じる第１給気路、通気口および外気導入口から給気口に通じる第２給気路、通気口および外気導入口の一方を開いて他方を閉じるための第１切替ダンパ、第１給気路および第２給気路に設けられた給気送風機、第１給気路および第２給気路の一方を開いて他方を閉じるための第２切替ダンパ、吸込口から排気口に通じる排気路、排気路に設けられた排気送風機、第１給気路および排気路に設けられた熱交換器を有する換気装置とを備えている。
【００１０】
【発明の実施の形態】
［１］以下、この発明の第１の実施形態について図面を参照して説明する。
図１、図２、図３において、１は集合住宅等の建物の一室で、複数の間取りからなり、屋外側にバルコニー２を有している。このバルコニー２の外壁面（柵）に複数枚のパネルを連結してなる集放熱装置１１が配列されている、集放熱装置１１は、表面に集放熱面を有し、内部に通気空間（通気層ともいう）を有している。集放熱面に太陽光が当たると、その集熱により内部空間の空気が暖められる。夜間は逆に放熱し、通気空間の空気が冷やされる。
【００１１】
また、バルコニー２の天井面に吊り下げ部材９を介して換気装置２０が吊り下げ固定されている。
換気装置２０は、図４に示すように、集放熱装置１１に通じる通気口２１、屋内空間に通じる給気口２２、屋内空間に通じる吸込口２３、屋外空間に臨む排気口４１、屋外空間に臨む外気導入口４２、上記通気口２１および上記外気導入口４２から上記給気口２２に通じる第１給気路、上記通気口２１および上記外気導入口４２から上記給気口２２に通じるとともに上記第１給気路の途中をバイパスする第２給気路、上記通気口２１および上記外気導入口４２の一方を開いて他方を閉じるための第１切替ダンパ２８、上記第１給気路および上記第２給気路に設けられた給気送風機２４、上記第１給気路および上記第２給気路の一方を開いて他方を閉じるための第２切替ダンパ３０、上記吸込口２３から上記排気口４１に通じる排気路、この排気路に設けられた排気送風機２５、上記第１給気路および上記排気路に設けられた全熱交換器３１を有している。第２給気路は、全熱交換器３１に対するバイパス路となる。
【００１２】
上記切替ダンパ２８は、開放時に通気口２１を開いて外気導入口４２を閉じ、閉成時に通気口２１を閉じて外気導入口４２を開く働きをする。切替ダンパ３０は、開放時に第１給気路を開いて第２給気路を閉じ、閉成時に第１給気路を閉じて第２給気路を開く働きをする。
【００１３】
上記通気口２１と切替ダンパ２８との間の風路２７に温度センサ２９が設けられている。温度センサ２９は、集放熱装置１１から通気口２１に流入する空気の温度Ｔｂを検知する。また、通気口２１と切替ダンパ２８との間の風路２７には、切替ダンパ２８が閉じられた場合に、通気口２１から流入する空気を屋外と常時流通させるための開口部４４が形成されている。
【００１４】
上記外気導入口４２の内側に、第２温湿度センサ４３が設けられている。温湿度センサ４３は、外気導入口４２に導入される外気の温度Ｔｏおよび湿度Ｈｏを検知する。外気導入口４２と上記給気送風機２４との間の空間に、外気清浄フィルタ２６およびコントロールボックス５０が設けられている。給気送風機２４はモータ２４Ｍを有し、排気送風機２５はモータ２５Ｍを有している。
【００１５】
上記吸込口２３から排気口４１に通じる排気路には、第３温湿度センサ３３が設けられている。温湿度センサ３３は、吸込口２３に流入する空気の温度Ｔｉおよび湿度Ｈｉを検知する。
【００１６】
換気装置２０の内部の平面図を図５、図６、図７、図８に示している。
図５は、切替ダンパ２８の開放、給気送風機２４のオン、切替ダンパ３０の開放、排気送風機２５のオンにより、集放熱装置１１内の空気が通気口２１、第１給気路、全熱交換器３１、通風路３２、および給気口２２を通って屋内に供給されるとともに、屋内の空気が吸込口２３、排気路、全熱交換器３１、通風路３２、および排気口４１を通って屋外に排出される第１通風路（第１運転モード）の様子を示している。
【００１７】
図６は、切替ダンパ２８の開放、給気送風機２４のオン、切替ダンパ３０の閉成、排気送風機２５のオンにより、集放熱装置１１内の空気が通気口２１、第２給気路、通風路３２、および給気口２２を通って屋内に供給されるとともに、屋内の空気が吸込口２３、排気路、全熱交換器３１、通風路３２、および排気口４１を通って屋外に排出される第２通風路（第２運転モード）の様子を示している。
【００１８】
図７は、切替ダンパ２８の閉成、給気送風機２４のオン、切替ダンパ３０の閉成、排気送風機２５のオンにより、外気が外気導入口４２、第２給気路、通風路３２、および給気口２２を通って屋内に供給されるとともに、屋内の空気が吸込口２３、排気路、全熱交換器３１、通風路３２、および排気口４１を通って屋外に排出される第３通風路（第３運転モード）の様子を示している。
【００１９】
図８は、切替ダンパ２８の閉成、給気送風機２４のオン、切替ダンパ３０の開放、排気送風機２５のオンにより、外気が外気導入口４２、第１給気路、全熱交換器３１、通風路３２、および給気口２２を通って屋内に供給されるとともに、屋内の空気が吸込口２３、排気路、全熱交換器３１、通風路３２、および排気口４１を通って屋外に排出される第４通風路（第４運転モード）の様子を示している。
【００２０】
上記コントロールボックス５０は、換気装置２０の全体を制御するもので、主要な機能として次の（１）〜（３）を備えている。
【００２１】
（１）温度センサ２９および温湿度センサ４３，３３の検知結果と予め定められている季節判別温度Ｔｃ（例えば２４℃）との対照に応じて前記各ダンパおよび前記各送風機を制御することにより、前記各通風路を選択的に形成する制御手段。季節判別温度Ｔｃについては、後述の操作手段たとえばお好みスイッチ６０によって可変設定することができる。
【００２２】
（２）第２通風路および第３通風路の形成時、給気送風機２４の風量を外気冷房用または外気暖房用に増大する制御手段。
【００２３】
（３）切替ダンパ２８，３０の開閉制御にヒステリシスを持たせる手段。
【００２４】
このような構成の換気装置２０において、通気口２１に、集放熱装置1の通気口がダクト１２を介して連通されている。給気口２２に、ダクト１３を介して建物１の床下空間３に連通されている。ダクト１３から床下空間３に供給される空気は、建物１内の各居室に床面等と通して流入する。流入した空気は、各居室に流入した空気は廊下とトイレの天井面に設けられている排気グリル４に吸込まれ、そこからダクト１４を介して屋外の換気装置２０の吸込口２３に導かれる。
【００２５】
キッチンや浴室には大量の湿気、湯気、油煙が発生するため、住宅全体の換気とは別系統とするのがよく、局所換気にて対応するのが望ましい。キッチンの空気はレンジフード５に吸込まれ、そこからダクト６を通して屋外に排出される。浴室の空気はダクト用換気扇７に吸込まれ、そこからダクト８を通して屋外に排出される。
【００２６】
つぎに、上記の構成の作用について図９および図１０のフローチャートを参照しながら説明する。
集放熱装置１１から換気装置２０に流入する空気の温度Ｔｂが温度センサ２９で検知され、集放熱装置１１を通らずに外気導入口４２から換気装置２０に流入する外気の温湿度Ｔｏ，Ｈｏが温湿度センサ４３で検知され、吸込口２３から換気装置２０に流入する室内空気の温湿度Ｔｉ，Ｈｉが温湿度センサ３３により検知される。集放熱装置１１を通らずに外気導入口４２から換気装置２０に流入する外気の湿度Ｈｏは、集放熱装置１１から換気装置２０に流入する外気の湿度にそのまま相当する。なお、切替ダンパ２８が閉じていても、集放熱装置１１から換気装置２０に流入する空気は開口部４４を通して屋外に流出するので、集放熱装置１１から換気装置２０に流入する空気の温度Ｔｂを温度センサ２９で適切に検知することができる。
【００２７】
屋内温度Ｔｉまたは外気温度Ｔｏが季節判別温度Ｔｃよりも低ければ、主に冬期であるとの判断の下に、外気温度Ｔｏと集放熱装置１１の通過空気温度Ｔｂとが比較される。
【００２８】
外気温度Ｔｏが集放熱装置１１の通過空気温度Ｔｂよりも低ければ（例えば日射がある状態）、その通過空気温度Ｔｂと屋内温度Ｔｉとが比較される。この場合、通過空気温度Ｔｂが屋内温度Ｔｉ以下であれば、運転モード１が設定されて上記した第１の通風経路が形成される。すなわち、図５のように、集放熱装置１１で暖められた空気が屋内に導入されながら、排出される屋内空気の熱と屋内への導入空気の熱とが全熱交換器３１で互いに移行する。この第１の通風路は日中の日射が弱いときに多く発生する。いわゆる熱交換換気経路であり、屋内の快適性を確保しながら屋内空気が換気される。
通過空気温度Ｔｂが屋内温度Ｔｉよりも高ければ、運転モード２が設定されて上記した第２の通風経路が形成される。すなわち、図６のように、集放熱装置１１で暖められた空気が屋内に導入される。いわゆる普通換気経路であり、屋内の快適性を確保しながら省エネルギ効果が得られる。
【００２９】
外気温度Ｔｏが通過空気温度Ｔｂ以上の場合は（例えば暖房期の日射無し時や夜間）、屋内温度Ｔｉと外気温度Ｔｏとが比較される。この場合、屋内温度Ｔｉが外気温度Ｔｏより低ければ、運転モード３が設定されて上記した第３の通風経路が形成される。すなわち、図７のように、外気が外気導入口４２から換気装置１内に導入され、それが全熱交換器３１を経ずにそのまま屋内へ導入される。いわゆる普通換気経路であり、屋内の快適性を確保しながら省エネルギ効果が得られる。
【００３０】
屋内温度Ｔｉが外気温度Ｔｏ以上であれば、運転モード４が設定されて上記した第４の通風経路が形成される。すなわち、図８のように、外気が外気導入口４２から換気装置１内に導入され、それが全熱交換器３１を介して屋内へ導入される。全熱交換器３１が介在することにより、外気が少し暖められた状態で屋内に導入される。いわゆる熱交換換気経路であり、屋内の快適性を確保しながら省エネルギ効果が得られる。
季節判別温度Ｔｃについては、お好みスイッチ６０の操作により、−３℃〜＋３℃まで適宜に変更できる。例えば、季節感や体調等を考慮した変更操作が可能である。
【００３１】
一方、屋内温度Ｔｉまたは外気温度Ｔｏが季節判別温度Ｔｃ以上であれば、主に夏期であるとの判断の下に、集放熱装置１１の通過空気温度Ｔｂと外気温度Ｔｏとが比較される。
【００３２】
通過空気温度Ｔｂが外気温度Ｔｏよりも低ければ（例えば夜間）、屋内温度Ｔｉと通過空気温度Ｔｂとが比較される。この場合、屋内温度Ｔｉが通過空気温度Ｔｂ以下であれば、運転モード１が設定されて第１の通風経路が形成される。すなわち、図５のように、集放熱装置１１内の空気が屋内に導入されながら、屋内空気が屋外に排出されるとともに、排出される屋内空気の熱と屋内への導入空気の熱とが全熱交換器３１で互いに移行する（このような状況は殆ど発生しない）。
屋内温度Ｔｉが通過空気温度Ｔｂよりも高ければ、運転モード２が設定されて第２の通風経路が形成される。すなわち、図６のように、集放熱装置１１内の空気が屋内に導入される（このような状況は夏期夜間に頻出する）。この普通換気経路により、屋内の快適性を確保しながら省エネルギ効果が得られる。
通過空気温度Ｔｂが外気温度Ｔｏ以上の場合は、外気温度Ｔｏと屋内温度Ｔｉとが比較される。この場合、外気温度Ｔｏが屋内温度Ｔｉより低ければ、運転モード３が設定されて第３の通風経路が形成される。すなわち、図７のように、外気が外気導入口４２から換気装置１内に導入され、それが全熱交換器３１を経ずにそのまま屋内へ導入される（この状況は夏期の日中で外が快適なときに発生する）。この普通換気経路により、屋内の快適性を確保しながら省エネルギ効果が得られる。
外気温度Ｔｏが屋内温度Ｔｉ以上であれば、運転モード４が設定されて第４の通風経路が形成される。すなわち、図８のように、外気が外気導入口４２から換気装置１内に導入され、それが全熱交換器３１を介して屋内へ導入される。全熱交換器３１が介在することにより、外気が少し冷やされた状態で屋内に導入される（このような状況は盛夏期の日中等に多く発生する）。この普通換気経路により、屋内の快適性を確保しながら省エネルギ効果が得られる。
以上のように、集放熱装置１１および換気装置２０を採用することにより、建物内の快適空調および省エネルギ効果を得ながら、従来のようなダクト長の増大、作業性の悪化、メンテナンス性の悪化といった不具合を解消することができる。ダクト長が短くなることにより、熱損失が減少し、省エネルギ効果のさらなる向上につながる。
【００３３】
集放熱装置１１を経た空気を建物１の床下空間３に供給するようにしているので、特に冬季においては床下に暖まった空気が流れる。これにより、床面が暖まり、居室が快適となる。
【００３４】
床下の換気をも同時に行いながら、各居室を介してサニタリーや共有スペースから屋外に吹出すことで、住宅全体の計画換気ができる。また、サニタリーの悪臭、湿気、冬季においける冷気の居室への進入を防ぐ空気の流れを作ることができる。近年の高気密断熱住宅にこの空気の流れをつくることにより、住宅内の温度差が減るので居室からサニタリーや共用スペースに移動した際に体感するコールドドラフトも軽減することができる。
【００３５】
［２］第２の実施形態について説明する。
この第２の実施形態において、屋内温度Ｔｉまたは外気温度Ｔｏが季節判別温度Ｔｃよりも低い場合の主に冬期での作用に関しては、第１の実施形態と同じである。
【００３６】
第１の実施形態と異なるのは、屋内温度Ｔｉまたは外気温度Ｔｏが季節判別温度Ｔｃ以上の場合の主に夏期の作用についてであり、温度センサ２９の検知温度Ｔｂ、温湿度センサ４３の検知温湿度Ｔｏ，Ｈｏ、温湿度センサ３３の温湿度Ｔｉ，ＨｉのそれぞれエンタルピＥＴＰｂ，ＥＴＰｏ，ＥＴＰｉが求められ、これらエンタルピに基づいて図１１および図１２の制御が実行される。このようなエンタルピに基づく制御に実行により、省エネルギ効果がさらに向上する。
基本的な構成および他の作用や効果については第１の実施形態と同じである。
【００３７】
［３］第３の実施形態について説明する。
第３の実施形態では、図１３および図１４のフローチャートに示すように、切替ダンパ２８，３０の開閉制御にヒステリシスを持たせるための具体的な手段として、補正用の温度Ｔｋ１，Ｔｋ２，Ｔｋ３，Ｔｋ４が加味される。さらに、温度センサ２９の検知温度Ｔｂ、温湿度センサ４３の検知温湿度Ｔｏ，Ｈｏ、温湿度センサ３３の温湿度Ｔｉ，ＨｉのそれぞれエンタルピＥＴＰｂ，ＥＴＰｏ，ＥＴＰｉが求め、これらエンタルピについても補正値ＥＴＰＴｋ１，ＥＴＰｋ２，ＥＴＰｋ３が加味される。
【００３８】
また、第２通風路および第３通風路の形成に際しては、給気送風機２４の風量が、外気冷房用および外気暖房用として適宜に増大される。すなわち、普通換気経路が選択されている場合は、直接の外気もしくは集放熱装置１１を経由した外気の放電リレー接点６が快適な状態（例えば、夏の夜間で屋外が涼しい状態、冬の日中で集熱されて外気が暖まった状態など）にあり、この場合は風量を増やして外気による冷房、外気による暖房をした方が省エネルギとなる。
【００３９】
なお、この発明は、上記実施形態をそのままに限定されるものではなく、実施段階ではその要旨を逸脱しない範囲で構成要素を変形して具体化できる。また、上記実施形態に開示されている複数の構成要素の適宜な組み合わせにより種々の発明を形成できる。例えば、実施形態に示される全構成要素から幾つかの構成要素を削除してもよい。更に、異なる実施形態に亘る構成要素を適宜組み合わせてもよい。
【００４０】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたようにこの発明によれば、集放熱装置および換気装置を備えたので、建物内の快適空調および省エネルギ効果を得ながら、ダクト長の増大、作業性の悪化、メンテナンス性の悪化といった不具合を解消することができる換気システムを提供できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】各実施形態およびそれに係る建物の内部構成を示す斜視図。
【図２】各実施形態の全体の構成を概略的に示す斜視図。
【図３】図１における建物の構成を側方から見た図。
【図４】各実施形態の全体の構成を具体的に示す斜視図。
【図５】各実施形態の第１通風路を示す図。
【図６】各実施形態の第２通風路を示す図。
【図７】各実施形態の第３通風路を示す図。
【図８】各実施形態の第４通風路を示す図。
【図９】第１の実施形態の作用を説明するためのフローチャート。
【図１０】図９に続くフローチャート。
【図１１】第２の実施形態の作用を説明するためのフローチャート。
【図１２】図１１に続くフローチャート。
【図１３】第３の実施形態の作用を説明するためのフローチャート。
【図１４】図１３に続くフローチャート。
【符号の説明】
１…建物、２…バルコニー、３…床下空間、４…排気グリル、５…レンジフード、１１…集放熱装置、１２，１３，１４…ダクト、２０…換気装置、２１…通気口、２２…給気口、２３…吸込口、２４…給気送風機、２５…排気送風機、２８…第１切替ダンパ、２９…温度センサ、３１…全熱交換器、３２…通風路、３３…温湿度センサ、４１…排気口、４２…外気導入口、４３…温湿度センサ、４４…開口部、５０…コントロールボックス、６０…お好みスイッチ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a ventilation system used for ventilation of buildings.
[0002]
[Prior art]
There is a type of air conditioning system that installs a heat collector on the roof of a building to collect solar heat, guides the collected heat to an indoor heat exchanger under the floor through a duct, and ventilates indoor air through the indoor heat exchanger (for example, patents) Reference 1).
[0003]
There is also a system that collects solar heat by installing solar cells on the roof of a building, guides the collected hot air to a ventilator through a ventilation layer, and distributes air from the ventilator indoors and outdoors (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-217011
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-60981
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the system as described above, an air flow path switching means called a control box is installed in a building, and an indoor heat exchanger or a ventilator is installed in an underfloor space or the like. There is a problem that the duct piping between the heat exchanger and the indoor heat exchanger or the ventilation device becomes long, the workability at the time of installation is poor, and the maintainability is also poor.
[0007]
In addition, workability and maintainability are deteriorated in terms of electrical work, such as a control signal must be provided between the air flow path switching means and the indoor heat exchanger or ventilation device.
[0008]
The present invention takes the above circumstances into consideration, and provides a ventilation system that can eliminate problems such as an increase in duct length, deterioration in workability, and deterioration in maintainability while obtaining comfortable air conditioning and energy saving effects in the building. The purpose is to provide.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The ventilation system of the invention according to claim 1 is provided outdoors, has a heat collecting / dissipating surface on the surface, and has a heat collecting / dissipating device having a ventilation space inside, and also includes a ventilating device. The ventilator is supplied from the air vent that leads to the heat collector, the air inlet that leads to the indoor space, the air inlet that leads to the indoor space, the exhaust that faces the outdoor space, the outside air inlet that faces the outdoor space, the vent and the outside air inlet. A first air supply path leading to the air vent, a second air supply path communicating from the air vent and the outside air inlet to the air inlet, a first switching damper for opening one of the air vent and the outside air inlet and closing the other, An air supply blower provided in the first air supply path and the second air supply path, a second switching damper for opening one of the first air supply path and the second air supply path and closing the other, from the suction port to the exhaust port And a ventilation device having a heat exchanger provided in the exhaust passage, the exhaust air blower provided in the exhaust passage, the first air supply passage and the exhaust passage.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[1] A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
1, 2, and 3, reference numeral 1 denotes a room of a building such as an apartment house, which includes a plurality of floor plans and has a balcony 2 on the outdoor side. A heat collecting and radiating device 11 formed by connecting a plurality of panels to the outer wall surface (fence) of the balcony 2 is arranged. The heat collecting and radiating device 11 has a heat collecting and radiating surface on the surface and has a ventilation space (ventilation) inside. Also referred to as a layer). When sunlight hits the heat collecting and radiating surface, the air in the internal space is warmed by the heat collection. At night, heat is dissipated, and the air in the ventilation space is cooled.
[0011]
A ventilation device 20 is suspended and fixed to the ceiling surface of the balcony 2 via a suspension member 9.
As shown in FIG. 4, the ventilator 20 includes a vent 21 leading to the heat collector 11, an air inlet 22 leading to the indoor space, a suction port 23 leading to the indoor space, an exhaust port 41 facing the outdoor space, and an outdoor space. A first air supply path leading from the facing outside air inlet 42, the vent 21 and the outside air inlet 42 to the air inlet 22, and the vent 21 and the outside air inlet 42 leading to the inlet 22 and the above. A second air supply path that bypasses the middle of the first air supply path, a first switching damper 28 for opening one of the vent 21 and the outside air inlet 42 and closing the other, the first air supply path, and the above The air supply blower 24 provided in the second air supply path, the second switching damper 30 for opening one of the first air supply path and the second air supply path and closing the other, and the exhaust from the suction port 23 The exhaust passage leading to the mouth 41, this exhaust Exhaust blower 25 provided on the road, has a total heat exchanger 31 provided in the first air supply passage and the exhaust passage. The second air supply path is a bypass path for the total heat exchanger 31.
[0012]
The switching damper 28 functions to open the vent 21 and close the outside air inlet 42 when opened, and to close the vent 21 and open the outside air inlet 42 when closed. The switching damper 30 functions to open the first air supply path and close the second air supply path when opened, and to close the first air supply path and open the second air supply path when closed.
[0013]
A temperature sensor 29 is provided in the air passage 27 between the vent 21 and the switching damper 28. The temperature sensor 29 detects the temperature Tb of the air flowing into the vent hole 21 from the heat collector 11. The air passage 27 between the vent 21 and the switching damper 28 is formed with an opening 44 for allowing the air flowing from the vent 21 to always flow outdoors when the switching damper 28 is closed. ing.
[0014]
A second temperature / humidity sensor 43 is provided inside the outside air inlet 42. The temperature / humidity sensor 43 detects the temperature To and the humidity Ho of the outside air introduced into the outside air inlet 42. An outside air cleaning filter 26 and a control box 50 are provided in a space between the outside air inlet 42 and the supply air blower 24. The supply blower 24 has a motor 24M, and the exhaust blower 25 has a motor 25M.
[0015]
A third temperature / humidity sensor 33 is provided in the exhaust path leading from the suction port 23 to the exhaust port 41. The temperature / humidity sensor 33 detects the temperature Ti and the humidity Hi of the air flowing into the suction port 23.
[0016]
Plan views of the inside of the ventilation device 20 are shown in FIGS. 5, 6, 7, and 8.
FIG. 5 shows that the air in the heat collecting and dissipating device 11 is vented to the vent 21, the first air supply path, and the total heat by opening the switching damper 28, turning on the air supply blower 24, opening the switching damper 30, and turning on the exhaust blower 25. The air is supplied indoors through the exchanger 31, the ventilation path 32, and the air supply port 22, and the indoor air passes through the suction port 23, the exhaust path, the total heat exchanger 31, the ventilation path 32, and the exhaust port 41. The state of the 1st ventilation path (1st operation mode) discharged | emitted outdoors is shown.
[0017]
FIG. 6 shows that when the switching damper 28 is opened, the air supply blower 24 is turned on, the switching damper 30 is closed, and the exhaust blower 25 is turned on, the air in the heat collection and dissipation device 11 is vented, the second air supply path, and the ventilation. The air is supplied indoors through the passage 32 and the air inlet 22, and the indoor air is discharged to the outdoors through the inlet 23, the exhaust passage, the total heat exchanger 31, the ventilation passage 32, and the exhaust outlet 41. The state of the 2nd ventilation path (2nd operation mode) is shown.
[0018]
FIG. 7 shows that when the switching damper 28 is closed, the supply air blower 24 is turned on, the switching damper 30 is closed, and the exhaust blower 25 is turned on, the outside air is introduced into the outside air inlet 42, the second air supply path, the ventilation path 32, and Third air is supplied indoors through the air supply port 22, and indoor air is discharged to the outside through the air inlet 23, the exhaust path, the total heat exchanger 31, the ventilation path 32, and the exhaust port 41. The state of the road (third operation mode) is shown.
[0019]
FIG. 8 shows that when the switching damper 28 is closed, the supply air blower 24 is turned on, the switching damper 30 is opened, and the exhaust air blower 25 is turned on, the outside air is introduced into the outside air inlet 42, the first air supply path, the total heat exchanger 31, The air is supplied indoors through the ventilation path 32 and the air supply port 22, and the indoor air is discharged outdoors through the suction port 23, the exhaust path, the total heat exchanger 31, the ventilation path 32, and the exhaust port 41. The state of the 4th ventilation path (4th operation mode) performed is shown.
[0020]
The control box 50 controls the entire ventilation device 20, and includes the following (1) to (3) as main functions.
[0021]
(1) By controlling each of the dampers and each of the blowers according to the contrast between the detection results of the temperature sensor 29 and the temperature / humidity sensors 43 and 33 and a predetermined season discrimination temperature Tc (for example, 24 ° C.) Control means for selectively forming the ventilation paths. The season discrimination temperature Tc can be variably set by an operation means described later, for example, a preference switch 60.
[0022]
(2) Control means for increasing the air volume of the air supply blower 24 for the outside air cooling or the outside air heating when the second ventilation path and the third ventilation path are formed.
[0023]
(3) Means for giving hysteresis to the opening / closing control of the switching dampers 28, 30.
[0024]
In the ventilator 20 having such a configuration, the vent hole of the collector / heat dissipator 1 is communicated with the vent hole 21 via the duct 12. The air supply port 22 communicates with the underfloor space 3 of the building 1 through the duct 13. The air supplied from the duct 13 to the underfloor space 3 flows into each living room in the building 1 through the floor surface and the like. The air that has flowed into each room is sucked into the exhaust grill 4 provided on the corridor and the ceiling surface of the toilet, and is then led to the suction port 23 of the outdoor ventilator 20 through the duct 14.
[0025]
Since a large amount of moisture, steam and oily smoke is generated in the kitchen and bathroom, it is better to have a separate system from the ventilation of the whole house, and it is desirable to cope with local ventilation. The air in the kitchen is sucked into the range hood 5 and is discharged to the outside through the duct 6 from there. The air in the bathroom is sucked into the ventilation fan 7 for the duct, and is discharged outside through the duct 8 from there.
[0026]
Next, the operation of the above configuration will be described with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS.
The temperature Tb of the air flowing into the ventilator 20 from the heat collector 11 is detected by the temperature sensor 29, and the temperature and humidity To and Ho of the outside air flowing into the ventilator 20 from the outside air inlet 42 without passing through the heat collector 11 are detected. The temperature / humidity sensor 43 detects the temperature / humidity Ti, Hi of the room air flowing into the ventilation device 20 from the suction port 23. The humidity Ho of the outside air flowing into the ventilator 20 from the outside air inlet 42 without passing through the heat collector 11 is equivalent to the humidity of the outside air flowing into the ventilator 20 from the heat collector 11. Even when the switching damper 28 is closed, the air flowing from the heat collector 11 to the ventilator 20 flows out through the opening 44, so the temperature Tb of the air flowing from the heat collector 11 to the ventilator 20 is set. The temperature sensor 29 can detect appropriately.
[0027]
If the indoor temperature Ti or the outside air temperature To is lower than the season discrimination temperature Tc, the outside air temperature To and the passing air temperature Tb of the heat collecting and dissipating device 11 are compared mainly under the judgment that it is winter.
[0028]
If the outside air temperature To is lower than the passing air temperature Tb of the heat collecting and dissipating device 11 (for example, when there is solar radiation), the passing air temperature Tb and the indoor temperature Ti are compared. In this case, if the passing air temperature Tb is equal to or lower than the indoor temperature Ti, the operation mode 1 is set and the first ventilation path described above is formed. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, while the air heated by the heat collecting and radiating device 11 is introduced indoors, the heat of the indoor air discharged and the heat of the air introduced indoors are transferred to each other in the total heat exchanger 31. . This first ventilation path is often generated when the daytime solar radiation is weak. This is a so-called heat exchange ventilation path, and indoor air is ventilated while ensuring indoor comfort.
If the passing air temperature Tb is higher than the indoor temperature Ti, the operation mode 2 is set and the above-described second ventilation path is formed. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the air warmed by the heat collector 11 is introduced indoors. This is a so-called normal ventilation path, and an energy saving effect can be obtained while ensuring indoor comfort.
[0029]
When the outside air temperature To is equal to or higher than the passing air temperature Tb (for example, when there is no solar radiation in the heating period or at night), the indoor temperature Ti and the outside air temperature To are compared. In this case, if the indoor temperature Ti is lower than the outside air temperature To, the operation mode 3 is set and the above-described third ventilation path is formed. That is, as shown in FIG. 7, outside air is introduced into the ventilator 1 from the outside air inlet 42, and it is directly introduced indoors without passing through the total heat exchanger 31. This is a so-called normal ventilation path, and an energy saving effect can be obtained while ensuring indoor comfort.
[0030]
If the indoor temperature Ti is equal to or higher than the outside air temperature To, the operation mode 4 is set and the above-described fourth ventilation path is formed. That is, as shown in FIG. 8, outside air is introduced into the ventilator 1 from the outside air inlet 42, and is introduced indoors through the total heat exchanger 31. By interposing the total heat exchanger 31, the outside air is introduced indoors in a state in which the outside air is slightly warmed. This is a so-called heat exchange ventilation path, and an energy saving effect can be obtained while ensuring indoor comfort.
The season discrimination temperature Tc can be appropriately changed from −3 ° C. to + 3 ° C. by operating the preference switch 60. For example, it is possible to perform a change operation in consideration of the seasonal feeling and physical condition.
[0031]
On the other hand, if the indoor temperature Ti or the outside air temperature To is equal to or higher than the season determination temperature Tc, the passage air temperature Tb of the heat collecting and dissipating device 11 and the outside air temperature To are compared mainly under the judgment that it is summer.
[0032]
If the passing air temperature Tb is lower than the outside air temperature To (for example, at night), the indoor temperature Ti and the passing air temperature Tb are compared. In this case, if the indoor temperature Ti is equal to or lower than the passing air temperature Tb, the operation mode 1 is set and the first ventilation path is formed. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, while the air inside the heat collecting and dissipating device 11 is introduced indoors, the indoor air is discharged outdoors, and the heat of the indoor air discharged and the heat of the air introduced indoors are all. The heat exchanger 31 moves to each other (this situation hardly occurs).
If the indoor temperature Ti is higher than the passing air temperature Tb, the operation mode 2 is set and the second ventilation path is formed. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the air in the heat collecting and dissipating device 11 is introduced indoors (such a situation occurs frequently during summer nights). This normal ventilation path provides an energy saving effect while ensuring indoor comfort.
When the passing air temperature Tb is equal to or higher than the outside air temperature To, the outside air temperature To and the indoor temperature Ti are compared. In this case, if the outside air temperature To is lower than the indoor temperature Ti, the operation mode 3 is set and the third ventilation path is formed. That is, as shown in FIG. 7, outside air is introduced into the ventilator 1 from the outside air inlet 42 and is directly introduced indoors without passing through the total heat exchanger 31 (this situation is outside during the daytime in summer). Occurs when you are comfortable). This normal ventilation path provides an energy saving effect while ensuring indoor comfort.
If the outdoor temperature To is equal to or higher than the indoor temperature Ti, the operation mode 4 is set and the fourth ventilation path is formed. That is, as shown in FIG. 8, outside air is introduced into the ventilator 1 from the outside air inlet 42, and is introduced indoors through the total heat exchanger 31. By interposing the total heat exchanger 31, the outside air is introduced indoors in a slightly cooled state (such a situation occurs frequently during the daytime in the midsummer season). This normal ventilation path provides an energy saving effect while ensuring indoor comfort.
As described above, by adopting the heat collecting and dissipating device 11 and the ventilating device 20, while obtaining the comfortable air conditioning and energy saving effect in the building, the increase in duct length, the deterioration of workability, and the deterioration of maintenance properties as in the past are achieved. Such problems can be solved. By shortening the duct length, heat loss is reduced, leading to further improvement of the energy saving effect.
[0033]
Since the air passing through the heat collecting and dissipating device 11 is supplied to the underfloor space 3 of the building 1, warm air flows under the floor especially in winter. This warms the floor and makes the living room comfortable.
[0034]
While ventilating under the floor at the same time, it is possible to ventilate the entire house by blowing it out from the sanitary or common space through each living room. It can also create a flow of air that prevents sanitary odors, moisture, and cold air from entering the room in winter. By creating this air flow in a highly airtight insulated house in recent years, the temperature difference in the house is reduced, so that the cold draft experienced when moving from a living room to a sanitary or common space can be reduced.
[0035]
[2] A second embodiment will be described.
In the second embodiment, the action mainly in winter when the indoor temperature Ti or the outside air temperature To is lower than the season discrimination temperature Tc is the same as that of the first embodiment.
[0036]
The difference from the first embodiment is mainly the action in summer when the indoor temperature Ti or the outside air temperature To is equal to or higher than the season determination temperature Tc. The detection temperature Tb of the temperature sensor 29 and the detection temperature of the temperature / humidity sensor 43 are different. The enthalpies ETPb, ETPo, ETPi of the humidity To, Ho and the temperature / humidity Ti, Hi of the temperature / humidity sensor 33 are obtained, and the control shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 is executed based on these enthalpies. By executing the control based on such enthalpy, the energy saving effect is further improved.
The basic configuration and other functions and effects are the same as those in the first embodiment.
[0037]
[3] A third embodiment will be described.
In the third embodiment, as shown in the flowcharts of FIGS. 13 and 14, as specific means for giving hysteresis to the opening / closing control of the switching dampers 28, 30, the correction temperatures Tk1, Tk2, Tk3, Tk4 is added. Further, the enthalpies ETPb, ETPo, ETPi of the detected temperature Tb of the temperature sensor 29, the detected temperature / humidity To, Ho of the temperature / humidity sensor 43, and the temperature / humidity Ti, Hi of the temperature / humidity sensor 33 are obtained, respectively. , ETPk2 and ETPk3 are added.
[0038]
Further, when forming the second ventilation path and the third ventilation path, the air volume of the air supply blower 24 is appropriately increased for use in the outside air cooling and the outside air heating. That is, when the normal ventilation route is selected, the discharge relay contact 6 of the outside air through the direct outside air or the heat collecting / dissipating device 11 is in a comfortable state (for example, the summer is cool at night, the daytime in winter) In this case, it is more energy-saving if the air volume is increased and the outside air is cooled and the outside air is heated.
[0039]
Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as it is, and can be embodied by modifying the components without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage. In addition, various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of components disclosed in the embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment. Furthermore, you may combine the component covering different embodiment suitably.
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, since the heat-dissipating device and the ventilation device are provided, the duct length is increased, the workability is deteriorated, and the maintainability is deteriorated while obtaining a comfortable air conditioning and energy saving effect in the building. A ventilation system that can solve the problem can be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an internal configuration of each embodiment and a building according to the embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing the overall configuration of each embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a side view of the structure of the building in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view specifically showing the overall configuration of each embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a view showing a first ventilation path of each embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a view showing a second ventilation path of each embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a third ventilation path of each embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a fourth ventilation path of each embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the first embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a flowchart following FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the second embodiment.
FIG. 12 is a flowchart following FIG.
FIG. 13 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the third embodiment.
FIG. 14 is a flowchart following FIG. 13;
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Building, 2 ... Balcony, 3 ... Underfloor space, 4 ... Exhaust grill, 5 ... Range hood, 11 ... Heat-collecting device, 12, 13, 14 ... Duct, 20 ... Ventilation device, 21 ... Vent, 22 ... Supply Air vent, 23 ... Suction port, 24 ... Air supply blower, 25 ... Exhaust blower, 28 ... First switching damper, 29 ... Temperature sensor, 31 ... Total heat exchanger, 32 ... Ventilation path, 33 ... Temperature / humidity sensor, 41 ... exhaust port, 42 ... outside air inlet port, 43 ... temperature / humidity sensor, 44 ... opening, 50 ... control box, 60 ... preference switch

Claims

A heat collecting and radiating device provided outdoors, having a heat collecting and radiating surface on the surface, and having a ventilation space inside;
The air supply port leading to the heat collecting and discharging device, the air supply port leading to the indoor space, the suction port leading to the indoor space, the exhaust port facing the outdoor space, the outside air inlet facing the outdoor space, the air vent and the outside air inlet A first air supply path that communicates with the air opening, the second air supply path that leads from the air vent and the outside air introduction opening to the air supply opening and bypasses the middle of the first air supply path, the air vent, and the outside air introduction A first switching damper for opening one of the mouths and closing the other, an air supply blower provided in the first air supply path and the second air supply path, the first air supply path and the second air supply path A second switching damper for opening one side and closing the other, an exhaust path leading from the suction port to the exhaust port, an exhaust blower provided in the exhaust path, the first supply path and the exhaust path A ventilator with a heat exchanger,
Ventilation system characterized by comprising

The ventilation system according to claim 1,
The ventilator is
When the first switching damper is opened, the air supply blower is turned on, the second switching damper is opened, and the exhaust blower is turned on, the air in the heat collecting and dissipating device is supplied to the vent, the first air supply path, A first air passage that is supplied indoors through the heat exchanger, the air supply port, and indoor air is discharged to the outside through the air inlet, the exhaust passage, the heat exchanger, and the exhaust port. When,
When the first switching damper is opened, the air supply blower is turned on, the second switching damper is closed, and the exhaust blower is turned on, the air in the heat collecting and dissipating device is changed to the vent, the second air supply path, A second ventilation path through which the indoor air is supplied indoors through the air supply port, and indoor air is discharged to the outside through the suction port, the exhaust path, and the heat exchanger;
When the first switching damper is closed, the air supply blower is turned on, the second switching damper is closed, and the exhaust air blower is turned on, outside air is introduced into the outside air introduction port, the second air supply path, and the air supply port. And a third ventilation path through which indoor air is discharged to the outside through the suction port, the exhaust path, and the heat exchanger,
When the first switching damper is closed, the air supply blower is turned on, the second switching damper is opened, and the exhaust air blower is turned on, outside air is introduced into the outside air introduction port, the first air supply path, the heat exchanger, A fourth ventilation path that is supplied indoors through the air supply port, and indoor air is discharged to the outside through the suction port, the exhaust path, and the heat exchanger;
A ventilation system characterized by further comprising:

The ventilation system according to claim 2,
The ventilator is
A first temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of air flowing into the vent;
A second temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of air flowing into the outside air inlet;
A third temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the air flowing into the suction port;
Control means for selectively forming each ventilation path by controlling each switching damper and each blower according to a contrast between a temperature detected by each temperature sensor and a predetermined season determination temperature;
A ventilation system characterized by further comprising:

The ventilation system according to claim 2,
The ventilator is
A temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of air flowing into the vent;
A first temperature and humidity sensor that detects the temperature and humidity of the air flowing into the outside air inlet;
A second temperature / humidity sensor for detecting the temperature / humidity of the air flowing into the suction port;
Control means for selectively forming the ventilation paths by controlling the switching dampers and the blowers according to the contrast between the detection results of the temperature sensor and the temperature / humidity sensors and a predetermined season discrimination temperature. When,
A ventilation system characterized by further comprising:

The ventilation system according to claim 3 or 4,
The ventilator further includes control means for increasing the air volume of the air supply blower for outside air cooling or outside air heating when the second ventilation path and the third ventilation path are formed. Ventilation system.

The ventilation system according to claim 3 or 4,
The ventilation system further includes an operation unit for variably setting the season discrimination temperature.

The ventilation system according to claim 3 or 4,
The ventilating system characterized in that the control means gives hysteresis to the opening / closing control of each switching damper.

The ventilation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
An air supply duct for guiding air from an air supply port of the ventilator to an underfloor space of the building;
An exhaust duct for guiding air from the ceiling surface of the common space of the building to the outside;
A ventilation system characterized by further comprising:

The ventilation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
The heat collecting and dissipating device is provided on the outer wall surface of the balcony of the building,
The ventilation device is suspended and fixed to the ceiling surface of the balcony,
Ventilation system characterized by that.

The ventilation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
The ventilation system further includes an opening for allowing the air flowing in from the vent hole to constantly flow outdoors.