JP2890120B1 - Vegetable concrete and vegetation method - Google Patents

Abstract

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To be able to withstand scouring and sliding down due to rainfall, to protect seeds and germinate until the pH of the cement drops due to the flow of alkali of the cement, to secure greening and to protect and strengthen slopes. Vegetation can be achieved easily and efficiently. SOLUTION: The vegetation concrete according to the present invention comprises a vegetation base material 6 and a seed 7 coated with an alkali-resistant substance 9 on an outer peripheral surface of a vegetation aggregate 2 which is solidified with a polymer 8 which swells and collapses by absorbing water. Cement paste 5
And the whole surface is covered with cement paste 5
The vegetation space 4 is formed by solidifying and connecting with the aggregated concrete aggregate 3.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a vegetation concrete and a vegetation method for vegetating a slope adjacent to a road or the like or revetment of a river.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In civil engineering works such as the construction of highways, bridges, dams, and residential lands in hills and mountains, land is created, and artificial slopes (cut slopes) of cuts and embankments are formed. In Japan, where the amount of rainfall is high, leaving a cut slope or a long embankment slope may cause erosion of the surface soil, which may impair the stability of the slope. To prevent this, greening of the slope has been performed.

As a method of greening, a greening method has recently been developed based on a porous concrete that is solidified by coating a granular aggregate with a cement paste and having continuous voids therein.

[0004] For example, as shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-10535, a method in which a porous concrete is poured on a slope and a clay paste containing plant seeds or fertilizer mixed into gaps between the porous concretes is introduced. Or, a method of greening by spray filling is known.

[0005] Further, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-532, there is a method of laying on a slope by using a greening structure in which plant seeds and a water-retentive material are mixed in a covered concrete block. .

In the former method of filling seeds and fertilizer into the voids of the porous concrete, the soil is not sufficiently filled with the soil, so that the amount of water retention is small, and if there is no thick soil layer on the upper surface, the dryness occurs. As a result, there was a problem that plants could hardly grow and died in a short period of time.

In the latter method of containing a water-absorbing resin in the pores of porous concrete, high water absorption is obtained during the heavy rainfall season, and the liquid-phase condition is satisfied. There is a problem that the gas phase becomes large, the liquid phase condition is impaired, water absorption due to capillary action is cut off, and roots cannot be elongated.

To solve these problems, for example, as disclosed in JP-A-4-89920, a soil base material for vegetation, a water-absorbing expanding material which expands by absorbing water, a water-soluble binder, The vegetation is obtained by mixing the greenery aggregate that has been molded and solidified into a granular form by mixing it with the granular aggregate for concrete, applying a binder for inter-aggregate consolidation to each aggregate, and connecting and solidifying leaving continuous voids inside. There is a method of greening on the base.

[0009] Even if the vegetation base does not have a soil layer due to once absorbing water after the formation, the liquid phase in the porous concrete is in a state suitable for water collection and water absorption due to the capillary phenomenon, and the conditions are maintained even in the dry season. It will be maintained and vegetated.

[0010]

However, in the case of this vegetation base, since the water-absorbing resin and clay of the expanding material are swellable and do not swell unless a considerable amount of water is supplied, it cannot be said that germination is surely germinated. Moreover, even if the seeds germinate, there is a problem that they cannot grow and die due to the alkalinity of cement, which is a binder for connecting the aggregates.

The present invention has been developed with the object of solving the above problems, and is capable of withstanding scouring and sliding down due to rainfall, and protecting seeds until the alkali of cement flows out to lower the pH. The present invention provides a vegetation concrete and a vegetation method capable of easily and efficiently vegetating while germinating and ensuring greening to protect and strengthen slopes and the like.

[0012]

Means for Solving the Problems As a means for solving the above problems and achieving the object, the present invention provides a polymer which swells and collapses by absorbing water from a vegetation substrate and seeds coated with an alkali-resistant substance. Cement paste is partially applied to the outer peripheral surface of the vegetation aggregate that has been solidified with the cement aggregate, and the entire periphery is connected and solidified with the concrete aggregate that has been coated with the cement paste. Developed and adopted a vegetated concrete that has been formed.

Further, in the present invention, a cement paste is prepared by mixing a vegetation aggregate obtained by solidifying a seed coated with a vegetation base material and an alkali-resistant substance with a polymer that swells and collapses by absorbing water, and a concrete aggregate. The vegetation base solidified with a polymer that swells and disintegrates due to rainwater when the cement is neutralized has a moderate soil hardness, while the coating of the alkali-resistant substance on the seeds swells and degrades to germinate, causing the concrete surface to germinate. A vegetation method characterized by covering was developed and adopted.

[0014]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In FIGS. 1 to 3, reference numeral 1 denotes vegetation concrete, and vegetation concrete 1 comprises vegetation aggregate 2 and concrete. It is formed into a porous concrete shape having a vegetation space 4 formed between the aggregate 3 and the aggregates 2 and 3. The aggregates 2 and 3 are connected and solidified by a cement paste 5 for inter-aggregate connection. Vegetation aggregate 2
The outer peripheral surface of the concrete aggregate 3 is entirely covered, respectively.

The vegetation aggregate 2 includes compost, compost,
Vegetation base material 6 made of organic revegetation material in which artificial soil such as park compost, peat moss, various compost soils, sandy soil, curatives such as slow-release fertilizers, and fertilizers are mixed at an appropriate mixing ratio. It is preferable that the seeds 7 such as turfgrass, western turf, mugwort, hagi etc. are hardened with a binder 8.

If the bulk of the vegetation base material 6 is too large, the area of contact with the binder 8 becomes small, and there is a possibility that the vegetation base material 6 cannot be appropriately aggregated and solidified. Therefore, the vegetation substrate 6
It is preferable that the bulk specific gravity of the vegetation base material is not too small, and it is also preferable that the vegetation base material does not include a large aggregated particle size, a piece of wood, or the like. When wood chips and the like are mixed in the vegetation base material 6, it may be appropriately separated by a sieve of a desired mesh and the sizes thereof can be made uniform.

The vegetation base material 6 has a bulk specific gravity of 0.2 to 0.5.
A range of about 8 is preferable, and a range of about 0.3 to 0.5 is more preferable. In addition, if the bulk specific gravity exceeds 1, it becomes too dense, which may hinder the germination and growth of seeds, which is not suitable.

As the binder 8 for solidifying the vegetation base material 6, various types of binders are conceivable. For example, cement is neutralized (pH 4 to 7, suitable for the environment of germination and growth).
It germinates even at about 10. The polymer of the synthetic resin emulsion which swells and collapses by absorbing rainwater or the like at the time of the above) is suitable.

If the vegetation base material 6 becomes too hard, the germination growth of the seeds 7 may be impaired. Therefore, the vegetation base material 6 has a desired strength at the time of vegetation and has such flexibility that the vegetation base material 6 does not hinder germination after vegetation. It is necessary that water can penetrate into the vegetation base material 6. Then, when the usefulness of various types of polymers as the binder 8 was examined, the synthetic resin emulsion was good.

The resin component of the synthetic resin emulsion includes various resins such as polyacrylate, acrylic styrene copolymer, vinyl acetate acrylic copolymer, polyvinyl acetate, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, and styrene-butadiene copolymer. Can be used, but the polymer T
g (glass transition point) is more preferably in the range of −30 to 20 ° C. If the Tg is too low or too high, the bonding strength as the binder 8 will be poor, causing a problem in practical use.

The appropriate amount of the polymer is preferably 3 to 20% based on the vegetation base material 6,
More preferably, it is 16%. If the added amount is too small, the binding force as a binder becomes insufficient, while if it is too large, the vegetation base material 6 becomes too hard and may adversely affect germination.

Even when the seeds 7 germinate, they often cannot grow due to the alkali of the cement paste 5 for connecting the aggregates and die. Therefore, the seed 7 is protected with an alkali-resistant substance until the pH of the cement paste 5 flows out and the pH drops, and after a predetermined period of time, the alkali-resistant substance swells and deteriorates to form a coating layer 9 that promotes germination. It is preferable that the coating layer 9 be made of various synthetic resin emulsions.

However, for the above-mentioned reasons, those having low alkali resistance such as polyvinyl acetate and the like and degraded by long-term contact with alkali, and those such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid on the main chain skeleton of the resin. It is preferable to use an emulsion which is obtained by copolymerizing a monomer having a suitable carboxyl group and swelling and thickening with an alkali.

The coating layer 9 of the emulsion on the seed 7 may be one in which the emulsion is directly applied to the surface of the seed 7. However, since the surface of the seed 7 is covered with fine hair and often repels water, it is sufficient. In some cases, the coating layer 9 may not be formed. Therefore, it is preferable that the mixture of the seed 7 and the emulsion is left under a reduced pressure for a certain period of time to remove bubbles and the like attached to the surface of the seed to perform a surface treatment.

Specifically, first, the seeds 7 are placed in a container such as a net bag which can transmit gas and liquid. Next, the container containing the seeds 7 is immersed in the emulsion used for coating. At this time, since the seed 7 often floats in the emulsion, it is better to attach an appropriate weight to the container.

When the solid content is too high, the clay is too high and the emulsion may not penetrate the surface of the seed 7 in some cases. Conversely, if the coating layer 9 is too thin, the coating layer 9 after film formation becomes insufficient, so that the content is preferably 20% or more. A more preferred concentration range is 35-55%.

An ordinary vacuum pump can be used for reducing the pressure.
If the degree of decompression is too low, the coating will be insufficient.
It is necessary to reduce the pressure to 5 mmHg or more. Decompression degree is -5 to 2
By coating in the range of 0 mmHg, seeds 7
Can be protected from the alkali of cement and the number of days until germination can be adjusted. Conversely, if the degree of decompression is too high, the coating layer 9 in the vicinity of the germ becomes too thick, and germination itself may be inhibited, which is not so preferable. If the time for depressurization is too short, sufficient defoaming
Coating may not be possible, but usually about 10 minutes is sufficient.

In the case of the vegetation aggregate 2 in which the vegetation base material 6 and the coated seeds 7 are kneaded and granulated, the soil hardness at which plants can germinate is generally 27 mm or less measured by a Nakayama soil hardness meter. If it is too hard, it will not be able to germinate as described above, so it is formed below that.

If the coating seed 7 is kneaded in the concrete, the cement paste 5 covers the periphery of the coating seed 7 and the shell-shaped cement paste 5 prevents the seed 7 from germinating. Therefore, the problem of soil hardness at the time of seed germination is solved by kneading the vegetation base material 6 and the coated seed 7 to form the vegetation aggregate 2.

The size of the seed-kneaded vegetation aggregate 2 is determined by considering the required strength and water retention performance of the vegetation concrete 1.
２０20 mm is appropriate, and it is forced to change the size or the number of seeds mixed depending on the type of the seed 7.

As the concrete aggregate 3, crushed stone 5 (20 to 13 mm), crushed stone 6 (13 to 5 mm) or 5
A mixture of No. 6 crushed stone (40%) and No. 6 crushed stone (60%) may be used.

The cement paste 5 for linking aggregate may be Portland cement, but blast furnace type B cement is most preferable in terms of suppressing alkali in concrete. As for the amount of cement in the vegetation concrete, it is advantageous to reduce the amount of cement as much as possible from the viewpoint of suppressing alkali, but from the viewpoint of strength, 250 to 300 kg per m ³ is required.

The ratio of the concrete aggregate 3 and the vegetation aggregate 4 is determined by the required compressive strength of the concrete, and is 5: 5 to 5: 5.
The range of 7: 3 is preferable, and the porosity is preferably 30% when using No. 5 crushed stone as the aggregate for concrete, and 20% when using No. 6 crushed stone. If the porosity is less than 20%, there is no place for rooting, and if the porosity exceeds 40%, the strength becomes weak, which is not suitable.

Vegetable concrete 1 contains cement and water 1
The cement paste 5 was prepared by kneading and mixing for 2 minutes, then the concrete aggregate 3 was charged and kneaded for 2 minutes, then the vegetation aggregate 2 was charged and kneaded for 30 seconds and then discharged. In the obtained vegetation concrete 1, the cement paste 5 is applied to the entire surface of the concrete aggregate 3, but the cement paste 5 is partially applied to the peripheral surface of the vegetation aggregate 2. The vegetation concrete 1 in which the vegetation space portion 4 is formed between the concrete aggregate 3 and the vegetation aggregate 2 is obtained just by performing the above steps.

The thickness of the concrete is about 5 to 20 cm, preferably about 10 cm, depending on the environment (sunshine conditions, casting base state) of the casting place.
Is carried out by using a dump truck to transport vegetated concrete produced in a ready-mixed concrete plant, and filling the inside of the form by a backhoe or the like. By carefully compacting with a backhoe, a rammer or the like after the casting, the vegetation aggregate 4 partially covered with the cement paste 5 is destroyed, so that the seeds 7 are exposed, so that the germination and growth can be performed more reliably. Become.

(Test Example 1) Hereinafter, specific test examples of the present invention will be described. Organic composting material (Ibicompo, trade name, manufactured by IBIDEN KOGYO CO., LTD.), Mixed with 4 kg of slow-release fertilizer in a mixing ratio of park compost 6 and peat moss 2 as guest soil materials and sandy soil 2 as a curing / fertilizer, seeds Vegetable aggregate 2 consisting of Kentucky 31 Fesc (K31F) of Western grass, acrylic polymer emulsion 9070 (Toa Gosei Co., Ltd.) as a seed coating polymer, and acrylic polymer emulsion 9070 (Toa Gosei Co., Ltd.) as a binder; concrete No. 5 crushed stone is used as the aggregate 3 and blast furnace B type cement is used as the cement for the binder between the aggregates. First, cement and water are mixed for 1 minute to produce a cement paste 5, and then the No. 5 crushed stone is charged. Mix for 2 minutes, then add vegetation aggregate 2, mix for 30 seconds, discharge and germinate seeds Ikujo body and pH
Of the sample (width 40 cm, length 40 cm, height 10 cm).

The specimen was given twice a day (9:00 and 17
Hour), watering was performed for 3 minutes by an automatic watering device. Germination is observed 90-120 days after mixing, the germination rate is 90
%Met. The pH value was 13.0 immediately after kneading.
Before and after 100 days, it was around 10.

(Test Example 2) Park compost 5 as guest soil material
Organic greening material (Rock F) mixed with 6 kg of slow-release fertilizer in a mixing ratio of peat moss 2, curing material and fertilizer with sandy soil 3
B3 (trade name, manufactured by Hayashi Kakosha Co., Ltd.), creeping red fescue (CRF) of western turf as a seed, acrylic polymer emulsion 9070 as a seed coating polymer
(Toa Gosei Co., Ltd.), vegetation aggregate 2 also made of acrylic polymer emulsion 9070 (Toa Gosei Co., Ltd.) as a binder, No. 5 crushed stone as concrete aggregate 3, and blast furnace B type as cement of binder connecting aggregates Using each cement, kneading the cement and water for 1 minute to produce a cement paste 5, and then adding No. 5 crushed stone to add 2
Minutes, and then the vegetation aggregate 2 is charged, and the mixture is kneaded for 30 seconds.
A test specimen (width 40 cm, length 40 cm, height 10 cm) for observing the change with time of H was prepared.

The specimen was given twice a day (9:00 and 17
Hour), watering was performed for 3 minutes by an automatic watering device. Germination is observed 90-120 days after mixing, with a germination rate of 80
%Met. The pH value was 13.5 immediately after kneading.
Before and after 100 days, it was around 10.

(Test Example 3) Park compost 4 as guest soil material
Organic greening material (Tensoil 35, trade name, made by Hayashi Kako Co., Ltd.) mixed with 6 kg of slow-release fertilizer in a mixing ratio of peat moss 2, curing material / fertilizer, and sandy soil 4 as a fertilizer; Glass (WLG), acrylic polymer emulsion 9070 as seed coating polymer
(Toa Gosei Co., Ltd.), a vegetation aggregate 2 also made of acrylic polymer emulsion 9070 (Toa Gosei Co., Ltd.) as a binder, No. 5 crushed stone as a concrete aggregate 3, and a blast furnace B type as a cement of an inter-aggregate binder. First, cement and water were kneaded and mixed for 1 minute to produce a cement paste 5, and then the No. 5 crushed stone was added and kneaded for 2 minutes.
After kneading for 2 seconds, the mixture is discharged and the seed germination growth state and the test specimen for observing the change over time in pH (width 40 cm, length 40)
cm, height 10 cm).

The specimen was given twice a day (9:00 and 17
Hour), watering was performed for 3 minutes by an automatic watering device. Germination is observed 90-120 days after mixing, with a germination rate of 85
%Met. The pH value was 13.2 immediately after kneading.
Before and after 100 days, it was around 10.

[0042]

As described above, according to the vegetation concrete of the present invention, since the seeds are coated with the alkali-resistant substance, the mortality of the cement due to alkali can be prevented, and the germination is ensured. Also, since the cement paste is only partially covered on the peripheral surface of the vegetation aggregate, the swelling and collapse of the vegetation aggregate becomes easy, and the vegetation aggregate is surely filled in the vegetation space. It germinates and grows.

Further, according to the vegetation method of the present invention, when the cement is neutralized, the vegetation base material that has absorbed rainwater or the like has an appropriate soil hardness, and the coating of the seed with the alkaline substance swells and deteriorates. Therefore, seeds can germinate and grow, and the surface of concrete can be greened, and the beauty of the slope can be improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of vegetation concrete.

FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view thereof.

FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view after swelling collapse.

FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged view of vegetation aggregate.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of a coated seed.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vegetable concrete 2 Vegetable aggregate 3 Concrete aggregate 4 Vegetation space part 5 Cement paste 6 Vegetation base material 7 Seed 8 Binder 9 Coating layer

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Isamu Nakaoka 5-14-10 Nishitenma, Kita-ku, Osaka Kinki Concrete Industries Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Tsuyoshi Morita 5-14-10, Nishitenma, Kita-ku, Osaka Kinki (56) References JP-A-10-56820 (JP, A) JP-A-10-52114 (JP, A) JP-A-8-183676 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated ( Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) E02D 17/20 102

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] A cement paste is partially applied to the outer peripheral surface of a vegetation aggregate obtained by solidifying a vegetation base material and a seed coated with an alkali-resistant substance, which is solidified with a polymer that swells and collapses by absorbing water. Connected and solidified with concrete aggregate with cement paste dusted all around,
Vegetable concrete with a vegetation space formed inside. 2. A vegetation aggregate obtained by mixing a vegetation base material and a seed coated with an alkali-resistant substance and solidified with a polymer that swells and disintegrates by absorbing water, and an aggregate for concrete are mixed, and a cement paste is applied. The vegetation base material, which has been solidified with a polymer that swells and collapses due to rainwater when it becomes neutral, has an appropriate soil hardness, and the coating of the alkali-resistant substance on the seeds swells and degrades to germinate and cover the concrete surface. Characteristic vegetation method.