JP2863213B2 - Caisson worker access system - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a caisson worker entry / exit device that facilitates entry / exit of an operator between a caisson internal pressure working room and the ground.

(Conventional technology) As one of the methods for constructing a concrete structure underground, a tunable caisson method is known.

In this method, excavation and removal of earth and sand are performed in an environment under high pressure. Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 6, for example, the upper air chamber 3 is formed by a slab 2 of a caisson main body 1 having a substantially H-shaped cross section. And the lower pressurized work chamber 4 are separated, and the earth and sand excavated by the worker in the pressurized work chamber 4 is carried out to the outside by a bucket 6 via a cylinder 5 provided substantially in the center of the slab 2. Was.

That is, openable hatches 7, 8 and the like are provided inside the cylinder 5, and when the earth and sand are carried out, first, one hatch 7 is opened to raise the bucket 6, and then the hatch 7 is closed and the other hatch is closed. 8 to open the pneumatic working chamber 4
The earth and sand were carried out while keeping the inside under high pressure.

This is the same when the worker enters and exits between the pneumatic working chamber 4 and the ground, and the same operation as described above has been performed.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, especially when workers enter and exit, it is necessary to gradually increase and decrease the pressure, so that much time is required,
There was a problem that the actual work efficiency became very poor.

In recent years, the pressure work has also become deeper, and the pressurization and decompression time of the workers has become even longer, so the fact that pressurization and decompression in narrow places is becoming an acceptable limit for workers. there were.

The present invention has been made in order to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a caisson capable of smoothly changing workers in a short time and improving environmental conditions during pressurization and decompression. An object of the present invention is to provide a worker boxing device.

(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has a pneumatic working chamber provided below a caisson main body, and enables a worker to enter and leave between the ground and the pneumatic working chamber. In a caisson worker entry / exit device, a worker can be lifted and lowered freely in a cylinder above the pneumatic working chamber, and the internal pressure is variable and can be connected to a movable hatch communicating with the pneumatic working chamber. Capsule, and a pressurizing and depressurizing chamber separately disposed outside the caisson main body, and when the worker moves in and out of the box, the capsule is moved and connected to the pressurizing and depressurizing chamber. It is characterized in that it is possible to enter and exit.

(Operation) According to the above configuration, the present invention provides a worker with a capsule for lifting and lowering a worker, which can be moved up and down, between the ground and the pneumatic working chamber, and a pressurizing and depressurizing chamber arranged separately. And through.

For example, when the worker goes out of the pneumatic working chamber to the ground, first, the pressure in the capsule is set in advance to the same as the pneumatic working chamber, and the worker enters the capsule from the pneumatic working chamber and suspends the capsule. While moving up and down in the cylinder, it is connected to the compression / decompression chamber.

At this time, the pressure in the compression / decompression chamber is set in advance to be the same as the pressure in the capsule, so that the worker can enter the compression / decompression chamber from the capsule via the hatch. Thus, by gradually bringing the pressure in the compression / decompression chamber closer to the atmospheric pressure, the operator can easily go out of the compression / decompression chamber to the ground.

Further, when performing the replacement of the worker, the replacement staff can be made to stand by in advance in the compression / decompression chamber, and the replacement of the worker can be performed simultaneously when the capsule is connected to the compression / decompression chamber.

That is, according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the time required for the replacement of workers and the like in an extremely short time.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

 FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of the apparatus of the present invention.

In the figure, inside the caisson body 11
A cylinder 13 that can be shut off is provided, and a pneumatic working chamber 15 that can communicate with and shut off the cylinder 13 via an anchor hatch 14 is provided below the cylinder 13. Then, when entering and exiting between the ground and the compressed air working chamber 15, the worker moves up and down in the cylinder while keeping the inside of the compressed air working chamber 15 under high pressure.

Here, a characteristic of the present invention is that it includes a capsule for worker lifting and lowering which can be lifted and lowered freely, and a pressurizing and depressurizing chamber arranged separately.

That is, in FIG. 1 described above, the cylinder 13 can communicate with and shut off the outside air via the upper hatch 12, and a capsule 16 for lifting the worker is suspended in the cylinder 13. The capsule 16 has a hollow cylindrical shape capable of accommodating a plurality of workers, and is controlled to be vertically movable by a suspension mechanism 17.

A stopper 26 for receiving a movable hatch 24 engaged with the capsule 16 from below is provided at a lower part in the cylinder 13, and the movable hatch 24 is provided at an intermediate part of the cylinder 13.
A hatch lock fitting 28 for temporarily locking the lock is provided. Further, the upper hatch 12 provided at the top of the cylinder 13 can be locked by a fixing bracket 30, and can be moved integrally with the capsule 16 by releasing the lock. Note that an air supply valve 47 and an exhaust valve 48 for performing air supply and exhaust in the cylinder are provided above the cylinder 13.

The suspension mechanism 17 that controls the capsule 16 to be able to move up and down freely,
Capsule support arm 19 mounted on top of capsule 16
The capsule 16 includes the hoisting wire 18 and a control unit (not shown) .The hoisting wire 18 is connected to the capsule 16 via the capsule support arm 19, and a buffer spring 29 is provided around the hoisting wire 18. Is provided.

Further, the capsule 16 has an air supply hose 21a for supplying air into the capsule 16 via take-up reels 20a and 20b provided on the upper hatch 12, and a signal wire 21b for responding to the outside. Is connected, and the air supply valve 36 is an opening / closing valve for that purpose. In addition, in this capsule 16,
An air supply valve used when the capsule 16 is on the ground
37 and an exhaust valve 40 are also provided.

Further, a cylindrical body 23a that can communicate with and block the outside via a capsule hatch 22 is provided below the capsule 16, and this cylindrical body 23a is a cylindrical body 23b provided with the movable hatch 24.
It has the same form as. An access hatch 27 is provided on the lower surface of the tubular body 23b, and these tubular bodies 23a and 23b are held by a fastening fitting 25 and held below the capsule 16.

The pressurizing and depressurizing chamber 31 has a hollow cylindrical shape larger than the capsule 16, and is arranged separately from the cylinder 13 and placed horizontally on the ground near the cylinder 13. The compression / decompression chamber 31 has, at its upper part, a cylindrical body 23a on the capsule side and a lock fitting 33.
The cylindrical body 23c is connected by these, and when these cylindrical bodies 23a and 23c are connected, the mounting chamber 4
3 is defined. In the mounting chamber 43, air can be sent and exhausted by an air supply valve 38 and an exhaust valve 41.
A hatch 32 is provided on the lower surface of the cylindrical body 23c so as to be able to communicate with and block the inside of the compression / decompression chamber 31.

On the side of the compression / decompression chamber 31, there is an access hatch for the main chamber inside.
34, and an access hatch 35 for the sub-chamber is provided on the outside.
Is divided into a main room 31a and a sub room 31b. In the main chamber 31a, air can be sent and exhausted by an air supply valve 39 and an exhaust valve 42, and in the sub chamber 31b, an air supply valve 44 and an exhaust valve 45 are provided.
Allows air to be sent and exhausted.

Next, the operation of the present embodiment device having the above configuration will be described.

First, when the worker goes out of the pneumatic working chamber 15 to the ground, the capsule 16 is inserted into the cylinder 13 from above while suspending the capsule 16 by the suspension mechanism 17 in FIG.
Lower while controlling 18. Thus, the capsule 16 is lowered to near the lower end of the cylinder 13, and the movable hatch 24 is moved to the cylinder.
13 is brought into contact with the lower stopper 26. This movable hatch
The pressurized working chamber 15 and the inside of the cylinder 13 are partitioned by 24. At this time, the pressure in the capsule 16 is made equal to the pressure in the pneumatic working chamber 15.

Subsequently, the worker puts the cylindrical body 23 attached to the lower part of the capsule.
The access hatch 27 of b is opened, the ramp 46 is raised and enters the capsule 16, the access hatch 27 is tightened and locked, and the capsule hatch 22 is also tightened. And the cylindrical body 23b
After checking whether or not the metal fitting 25 is locked, the air supply valve 37 for capsule balance is opened, and the winding wire 18 is gradually wound up while preventing the pressure fluctuation in the capsule 16.

In this way, the capsule 16 is raised, and as shown in FIG. 2, when the movable hatch 24 comes into contact with the hatch lock fitting 28 in the middle part of the cylinder 13, the movable hatch 24 is locked by the hatch lock fitting 28. After that, the lock of the attachment fitting 25 of the tubular body 23b is released.

As described above, the movable hatch 24 is separated from the capsule 16,
The movable hatch 24 allows the inside of the cylinder 13 to be in the upper lock chamber.
13a and a lower lock chamber 13b. Subsequently, the inside of the capsule 16 is contacted with an external operator to open the exhaust valve 48, and the internal pressure of the upper lock chamber 13a is made equal to the atmospheric pressure.

When the internal pressure of the upper lock chamber 13a becomes the atmospheric pressure state, the lock of the fixing bracket 30 fixing the upper hatch 12 is released, and the capsule 16 is further wound up by the hoisting wire 18 above the cylinder 13.

In this way, as shown in FIG. 3, while the capsule on which the upper hatch 12 is placed is suspended by the suspension mechanism 17,
The capsule 16 is moved above the compression / decompression chamber 31. At this time, the pressure in the pressurizing and depressurizing chamber 31 is set to a pressure equal to the internal pressure of the capsule 16 in advance.

Next, as shown in FIG. 4, the cylindrical body 23a at the lower part of the capsule is matched with the cylindrical body 23c at the mounting opening of the compression / decompression chamber 31, and both are locked by the fixing bracket 33.

When the connection between the capsule 16 and the compression / decompression chamber 31 is completed, the air supply valve 38 is opened in order to make the pressure in the mounting chamber 43 equal to the pressure in the capsule 16 and the compression / decompression chamber 31. In addition, capsules
The capsule hatch 22 on the 16 side and the hatch 32 on the compression / decompression chamber 31 side are opened, and the worker enters the compression / decompression chamber 31 from the capsule 16 and then closes the hatch 32. At this time, the exhaust valve of the mounting chamber 43
When the exhaust is performed at 41, the hatch 32 is automatically locked. In the pressurizing and depressurizing chamber 31, depressurization is automatically started based on a preset depressurizing time. When the pressure in the pressurizing / depressurizing chamber 31 becomes the atmospheric pressure, the worker can open and close the hatches 34 and 35 to go out. To enter the compression / decompression chamber 31 from the ground space during decompression, the access hatch 35
Is closed, the inside of the sub chamber 31b is evacuated, and the entrance hatch 34 for the main chamber is opened to enter the sub chamber 31b.

If you want to replace workers at the same time,
The internal pressure of the capsule 31 is made equal to the internal pressure of the capsule 16, and the replacement personnel are made to stand by in advance in the pressurizing and depressurizing chamber 31 to wait for a person who has been removed. In this way, when a person who leaves from the capsule 16 gets down into the pressurizing chamber 31, the replacement person is loaded on the capsule 16 at the same time. Next, the capsule hatches 22 and 32 are closed, and the exhaust valve 41 is closed.
To release the air in the mounting chamber 43, and then
Unlock. Subsequently, by the hoisting control by the suspension mechanism 17, the capsule 16 is gradually wound up and moved above the cylinder 13, and the capsule 16 is inserted into the upper lock chamber 13a of the cylinder 13.

When the capsule 16 is inserted into the cylinder 13, the operator locks the upper hatch 12 with the fixture 30, and then operates the air supply valve 47 to supply air into the upper lock chamber 13a. When the capsule 16 is suspended and lowered to the middle part of the cylinder 13 in this manner, the cylindrical body 23b is locked and connected by the hatch lock fitting 28, and the movable hatch 24 can be moved together with the capsule 16. When the upper lock chamber 13a becomes equal to the internal pressure of the capsule 16 by the above-described air supply into the upper lock chamber 13a, the operator unlocks the hatch lock metal fitting 28, further lowers the capsule 16, and moves the movable hatch 24. When the abutment comes in contact with the stopper 26 at the lower part of the cylinder, the capsule hatch 22 is opened, and the worker descends from the capsule 16 to the compressed air working chamber 15 to perform work.

 FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the present invention.

In the above-described embodiment, the entire cylinder 13 becomes a lock chamber, and a large amount of air is required for adjusting the pressure.However, in this embodiment, the upper hatch 12 is unnecessary, and the pressure in the entire cylinder is not adjusted. In this way, the amount of air to be sent and exhausted is reduced.

That is, in FIG. 5, reference numeral 24 'denotes a head plate directly welded to the cylinder 13, and a cylindrical body 23b' penetrates and is hermetically sealed at the center of the head plate 24 '. Further, an air supply / exhaust pipe 50 is provided in the cylindrical body 23a below the capsule through the inside of the capsule 16, and by opening and closing the valve 51, air can be sent and exhausted into the cylindrical body 23a. .

The method of using the present embodiment will be briefly described. First, the capsule 16 descends in the cylinder 13 with the lower hatch 27 of the cylinder 13 closed, and the cylindrical body 23a at the lower part of the capsule and the cylinder of the end plate 24 '. The body 23b 'is connected by the attachment fitting 25.
At this time, the hatch 22 in the capsule is in a closed state,
Subsequently, by operating the valve 51, the pressure in the cylindrical body 23a is made equal to the pressure in the capsule 16 and the pressure in the compressed air working chamber 15. Next, the hatch 22 in the capsule and the lower hatch in the cylinder
By opening 27, an operator can enter and exit between the capsule 16 and the pneumatic working chamber 15.

According to this embodiment, the controlled amount of air sent and exhausted can be reduced, so that the worker can enter and leave the box in a shorter time.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, the present invention has a pneumatic working chamber provided below a caisson main body, and allows a caisson worker's entry / exit box to enable a worker to enter and leave between the ground and the pneumatic working chamber. In the apparatus, a capsule for lifting the worker, which is suspended in a cylinder above the pneumatic working chamber so as to be able to move up and down, and whose internal pressure is variable and which can be connected to a movable hatch communicating with the pneumatic working chamber, And a compression / decompression chamber arranged separately, and the capsule is moved when the worker enters and exits and connected to the compression and decompression chamber, thereby enabling the worker to enter and exit through the compression and decompression chamber. In addition to being able to perform smooth replacement of workers in a short time, the space inside the compression and decompression chamber can be enlarged because the pressure and decompression chamber is outside the caisson body, and the environmental conditions during the pressure and pressure reduction for the workers are improved. To do Can be.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a view showing the overall configuration of the apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a view showing a state where a capsule is suspended and moved above a cylinder together with a movable hatch, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state before moving and connecting the capsule, FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state where the capsule is connected to the compression / decompression chamber, FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an entire configuration of the apparatus of the present invention according to another embodiment, FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the work of carrying out earth and sand from a caisson using the conventional apparatus. 11 Caisson body 12 Upper hatch 13 Cylinder 15 Compressed air chamber 16 Capsule 17 Hanging mechanism 18 Hoisting wire 24 Movable hatch 24 'End plate 31 Decompression chamber

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A caisson worker entry / exit device which has a pneumatic working chamber provided below a caisson main body, and enables a worker to enter and leave between the ground and the pneumatic working chamber,
A capsule for lifting workers, which is suspended in the cylinder above the pneumatic working chamber so as to be able to move up and down, and whose internal pressure is variable and can be connected to a movable hatch communicating with the pneumatic working chamber, and a capsule separate from the caisson body The capsule is moved when the worker enters and leaves the box, and the capsule is connected to the compression and decompression chamber, so that the worker can enter and exit through the compression and decompression chamber. Caisson worker boxing device.