JP2733783B2 - Sediment rig for pneumatic caisson - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a pneumatic
In particular, the present invention relates to an improvement in a pneumatic caisson earth and sand excavator used in a method of constructing a concrete structure underground.

(Prior Art) Conventionally, a pneumatic caisson method has been known as one of methods for constructing a concrete structure underground.

In this method, excavation and removal of earth and sand are performed in an environment under high pressure. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, an upper air chamber 3 is formed by a slab 2 of a caisson main body 1 having a substantially H-shaped cross section.
And the lower pressurized work chamber 4, and the earth and sand excavated by the worker in the lower pressurized work chamber 4 is carried out to the outside by a bucket 6 via a cylinder 5 provided substantially in the center of the slab 2. Was.

That is, openable hatches 7, 8 and the like are provided inside the cylinder 5, and when carrying out earth and sand, first, one hatch 7 is opened and the bucket 6 is raised, and then the hatch 7 is closed and the other hatch 8 is closed. , The earth and sand were carried out while keeping the inside of the lower pressurized work chamber 4 under high pressure.

However, there is a limit to a worker's ability to withstand this high pressure, and it is necessary to perform pressurization and depressurization when the worker goes in and out of the work under the high pressure, which takes a lot of time. There was a problem that the actual work efficiency was very low.

In order to solve such a problem, a shift from manual work to mechanical work has been made thereafter, and further, the mechanical work has been made unmanned and the working environment has been gradually improved.

For example, FIG. 5 shows an embodiment in which the work in the lower pneumatic working chamber 4 is unmanned. According to this, an excavator 9 excavates earth and sand while moving in the lower pneumatic working chamber 4. When transported to the approximate center of the room, the earth and sand was automatically carried out to the outside by the bucket 6a.

However, according to this conventional example, when performing maintenance or repair of the excavator 9 or performing a ground strength test or the like, the operator must still enter the lower pneumatic working chamber 4 and perform the operation. It was never completely unmanned.

The present invention has been made in order to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to further improve the above-mentioned conventional excavator, and to eliminate a manual operation in an environment under high pressure, thereby enabling a continuous operation. An object of the present invention is to provide a highly efficient pneumatic caisson earth and sand excavator.

(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an upper air chamber formed in a caisson main body and capable of communicating with and shutting off from outside air through a hatch or a gate; A working device disposed between the caisson body and a lower pressurized working chamber below the working device; a digging mechanism provided in the working device; and an upper air device provided at a bottom of the working device. And a partition for partitioning the chamber from the lower air pressure working chamber.

(Operation) According to the present invention, it is possible to shut off the upper air chamber and the lower compressed air working chamber after storing the excavating mechanism in the upper air chamber, for example, according to the present invention. Inspection of work machines such as the excavation mechanism,
Work such as repair and ground strength test, and other work such as dismantling and removal of machines after the completion of construction can be performed under atmospheric pressure. For this reason, there is an advantage that work efficiency is improved as compared with the related art.

(Example) Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

1 and 2 show a schematic configuration of the apparatus of the present invention. In this embodiment, the same or corresponding members as those shown in FIGS. The description will be made with reference numerals obtained by adding 10 to the numbers.

In the above description, reference numeral 11 denotes a caisson main body, and an upper air chamber 13 which is communicated with and shut off from outside air via a hatch 17 provided in the slab 12 is formed in the caisson main body 11.
Below the upper air chamber 13, a lower compressed air working chamber 14 is formed. A working device 20 is arranged between the upper air chamber 13 and the lower air chamber.

In the present embodiment, the working device 20 is provided with a digging mechanism 19 and a sediment transporting mechanism 22, and the working device 20 is mounted on an annular projection 21 provided on an inner peripheral portion of the caisson body 11 in a horizontal plane. It is provided to be able to turn. That is, the working device 20 includes an appropriate number of rotating rollers 23 that support the own weight and the incidental load, and the guide rollers 24 that prevent the roll from rolling.
It is supported in a state of being suspended from the anchor ring 25.

The anchor ring 25 is manufactured and attached integrally with the caisson main body 11, and the upper surface of the annular projection 21 is smoothed up to form a guide for the rotating roller 23, and the lower surface for maintaining airtightness. Airtight packing as sealing surface
26 is installed.

The partition wall 27 is provided at the bottom of the working device 20. In the present embodiment, the partition wall 27 opens and closes a gate 28 operated by a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder (not shown), so that the upper partition is opened. The communication between the chamber 13 and the lower air working chamber 14 can be established and shut off.

In the slab 12, a connection port 29 is opened at a substantially central portion, and cylinders 15, 15 'are established on the upper side thereof, and communicate with the upper air chamber 13 through a lower hatch 17. The upper hatches 18 and 30 are provided in the cylinders 15 and 15 'so as to be openable and closable. In the embodiment, the hatch 17, 18, 30 is shown as a rotary type having one end supported, but may be a slide type, for example, and may be a driving device such as a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder (not shown). )). bucket
Numeral 16 is for carrying out the earth and sand in the earth and sand pit 36 described later.

An appropriate number of rotating devices 31 driven by electric, hydraulic or pneumatic pressure are provided on the upper outer peripheral portion of the partition wall 27 in the working device 20, and the gear 32 and the caisson body 11 directly connected to the rotating device 31 are provided. By engaging with the ring gear 33 attached to the inner peripheral wall, the working device 20 is freely rotatable in a horizontal plane.

At this time, a slight gap 34 is provided between the hermetic packing 26 and the partition wall 27 so that the working device 20 does not interfere with each other when rotating. This gap 34 is
The entire working device 20 moves up and down due to the expansion and contraction of an appropriate number of push-up jacks 35 attached to the anchor ring 25 that suspends and holds Is possible.

The push-up jack 35 expands and contracts by hydraulic pressure or the like, and a gap 34 is secured in a contracted state as shown in FIG. 1 during normal work, and is extended in an emergency state such as repair or maintenance of a machine or the like. 34 becomes zero and adheres.

The upper part of the bulkhead 27 substantially at the center is a sand pit 36, and the outer peripheral side walls are guides 37 and 37a,
The excavating mechanism 19 and the earth and sand transporting mechanism 22 use the guides 37, 3
Go up and down along 7a.

The switching gate 38 is a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder.
It is opened and closed in conjunction with the elevation of the earth and sand transport mechanism 22 by 39, and also serves as a chute for guiding and dropping earth and sand into the earth and sand pit 36.

Next, the operation of the present invention according to the above configuration will be described. First, in a normal working state, as shown in FIG. 1, the airtight door 28 is opened to communicate the upper air chamber 13 with the lower compressed air working chamber 14, and the excavating mechanism 19 and the earth and sand transport mechanism 22 are guided by the guide 37, It is lowered into the lower compressed air working chamber 14 along 37a. At this time the connection port
The hatch 17 at 29 is closed, so that the upper air chamber 13 and the lower air working chamber 14 are in a high pressure state. At the time of work, the excavating mechanism 19 is operated while turning the working device 20, and the excavated soil is transported by the earth transport mechanism.
It is transported into the earth and sand pit 36 by 22.

The earth and sand in the earth and sand pit 36 is carried out to the outside by the bucket 16, but first, the bucket 16 is carried into the cylinder 15 ', the upper hatch 30 is closed, and the pressure becomes equal to that of the upper air chamber 13. Then, the lower hatch 18 is opened, and the bucket 16 is carried into the earth and sand pit 36. At this time, cylinder 15,1
The inside of 5 'is held under high pressure by a hatch 30. To take the bucket 16 out, move the bucket 16 again to the cylinder 1
After pulling it up into 5 ', close the lower hatch 18 and
By reducing the internal pressure of the 5 'to the atmospheric pressure and then opening the upper hatch 30, it is possible to carry out the earth and sand while the pressure in the upper air chamber 13 is maintained at a high pressure.

Next, when the excavating mechanism 19 has a failure in the earth and sand transport mechanism 22 and it is necessary to repair the same, first, as shown in FIG. It is stored in the air chamber 13, the confidential door 28 is closed, the push-up jack 35 is extended, and the airtight packing 26 and the partition wall 27 are brought into close contact with each other to make the gap 34 zero.

Thus, by opening a valve (not shown), the pressure in the upper air chamber 13 becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure. For this reason, inspection, repair, and the like of the excavating mechanism 19 and the earth and sand transport mechanism 22 can be performed under atmospheric pressure.

In this embodiment, although not particularly shown, instead of the bucket of the excavating mechanism 19, work other than excavation is also possible by appropriately replacing the attachment. The test can also be performed without entering the lower pressure working chamber 14.

In FIGS. 1 to 3, an airtight door 28 is provided substantially at the center of the partition wall 27 without equipping the earth and sand transport mechanism 22, and the bucket 16 such as a clamshell is carried into the lower compressed air working chamber 14 and directly. The method of carrying out earth and sand may be sufficient.

Further, due to the mechanism that the working device 20 turns, the device presents a substantially circular shape in plan view, but by equipping the arm portion 19 ′ of the excavating mechanism 19 with a telescopic mechanism such as a hydraulic jack, the rectangular shape and the oval shape are changed. Of course, it can be applied to the construction of caisson of various plane shapes, and the installation quantity of the equipment is appropriately selected according to the size and shape of the caisson.

In the present embodiment, it is assumed that all operations such as excavation and removal of earth and sand are remotely controlled from the ground under the atmospheric pressure.

In the above embodiments, the earth and sand transport mechanism 22 may not be provided in the working device 20 or the device for raising and lowering the entire working device may not be provided. There may be a case where the gate 28 is not provided.

That is, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, the present invention provides an upper air chamber formed in a caisson main body and capable of communicating with and shutting off outside air via a hatch or a gate, the upper air chamber and a lower compressed air working chamber therebelow. A working device disposed between the caisson body and rotatably provided therein, a digging mechanism provided in the working device, and the upper air chamber and the lower compressed air working chamber provided at the bottom of the working device. By providing the partition for partitioning, it is also possible to eliminate the need for the operator to enter the high-pressure lower-pressure working room, so that the time for pressurizing or depressurizing when the worker enters and exits is eliminated.

In addition, the work efficiency is improved, which is suitable not only for the pneumatic caisson that is generally constructed but also particularly for the construction of a pneumatic caisson at a large depth.

[Brief description of the drawings]

1 is a schematic sectional front view of a pneumatic caisson earth and sand digging apparatus according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II-II, and FIG. And FIG. 4 shows an example of construction by manual work, and FIG. 5 shows an unmanned excavation having an overhead traveling type excavator. It is a figure showing an example of construction. 1,11… Caisson main body, 2,12 …… Slab, 3,13 …… Upper air chamber, 4,14 …… Lower pressure working chamber, 5,15,15 '… Cylinder,
7,17,8,18,30 …… Hatch, 9,19 …… Drilling mechanism, 20 …… Working equipment, 22 …… Sediment transport mechanism, 25 …… Anchoring,
27 ... partition, 28 ... gate, 31 ... rotating device, 34 ... gap, 37, 37a ... guide.

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] An upper air chamber formed in a caisson main body and capable of communicating with and shutting off outside air through a hatch or a gate, and disposed between the upper air chamber and a lower compressed air working chamber below the upper air chamber. A working device rotatably provided in the working device, a digging mechanism provided in the working device, and a partition provided at a bottom portion of the working device and dividing the upper air chamber and the lower compressed air working chamber. An earth and sand excavator for a pneumatic caisson.