JP4546144B2 - Pneumatic caisson - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a pneumatic caisson capable of inspecting, maintaining, carrying in, assembling, dismantling and recovering an excavator in the pneumatic caisson method.

  As is well known, the pneumatic caisson method (pressure air submersion method) is a method in which excavation is performed with an excavator with the work chamber at the bottom of the caisson at a high pressure in order to prevent inundation and the like. With the development of a remote control system for excavators, it is no longer necessary for workers to enter a working room under high pressure during excavation work. However, remote control is not possible during inspection, maintenance, carry-in assembly, and dismantling recovery of the excavator, requiring workers to work in a high-pressure working room.

  Since such high-pressure work is not desirable for the health management of workers, conventionally, inspection, maintenance, carrying-in assembly, and dismantling and recovery of excavators can be performed without exposing workers to high pressure. Techniques have been developed (for example, Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3).

  The invention of Patent Document 1 is a recovery device for a caisson excavator, in which a work chamber slab below the caisson is provided with an opening for loading and unloading the excavator, and a lower hatch container having a shape covering the opening on the opening. , A container having a hatch at the bottom is provided in order from the bottom, and the earth and sand are discharged using this opening, etc., and when the excavation work is completed, a collection stand with a rail at the bottom is set in the opening, The excavator suspended on the traveling rail of the working chamber slab is transferred to the rail, the collection platform is lifted by a pulling mechanism composed of a wire and a hook, and the excavator is collected in the storage container.

  The invention of Patent Document 2 is a pneumatic caisson suitable for performing repair work when the excavator breaks down or dismantling / collecting work of the excavator, and constructs a lower slab and an upper slab at the lower part of the caisson housing, An air lock chamber and an excavator maintenance room are provided in the space between the double slabs, an excavator loading / unloading opening is provided in the excavator maintenance room of the lower slab, and the excavator maintenance room of the upper slab is provided. An excavator storage part capable of storing a part of the excavator is provided at a location, and a material shaft provided with a material lock is erected on the upper part of the excavator storage part via a deformed shaft.

  In the invention of this Patent Document 2, excavation earth and sand are discharged using the opening and material shaft of the lower slab, and when the excavator is repaired or recovered, the hatch of the opening of the lower slab is closed to excavate the airlock chamber The machine maintenance room is depressurized to almost atmospheric pressure, the recovery block is suspended and supported by the lifting equipment from the upper part of the excavator housing, and the recovery block is suspended and fixed in the opening by opening the hatch of the lower slab opening. The excavator is transferred to the rail provided at the lower part of the recovery block, the recovery block and the excavator are pulled up by the lifting equipment, the hatch of the opening of the lower slab is closed, and the excavator is attached to the traveling rail of the excavator maintenance room. Transfer and move the excavator to a predetermined position in the excavator maintenance room to inspect and repair the excavator. When excavating and dismantling the excavator after excavating the ground, the excavator is dismantled in the excavator maintenance room, and the dismantled equipment is transported to the ground and collected by the material shaft.

  The invention of Patent Document 3 is a pneumatic caisson having a space for inspecting / repairing / assembling excavators, and dismantling / recovering operations. A lower slab and an upper slab are constructed in the lower part of the caisson housing, There is a collection chamber in between, an opening for loading and unloading the excavator is provided in the lower slab, a suspension platform for lifting the excavator is installed in this opening, and the excavator is supported in the collection chamber and moved on the floor A collection stand that can be used is placed.

In the invention of this Patent Document 3, the excavation earth and sand are discharged using the opening of the lower slab, the material shaft, etc., and when the excavator is repaired or recovered, the suspension platform is suspended by the crane wire of the external crane, The suspension platform is fixed to the opening of the lower slab, the excavator is transferred to the rail provided at the bottom of the suspension platform, the suspension platform and the excavator are lifted into the collection chamber by the crane, and the suspension platform is It is supported by a recovery platform, and this recovery platform is moved to an arbitrary position in the recovery chamber to perform inspection / repair of the excavator, assembly / dismantling / recovery work, etc.
JP-A-4-368515 JP 2002-302957 A JP 2003-166251 A

  In the case of the above-mentioned invention of Patent Document 1, it is necessary to lift the excavator into the recovery lock container provided in the upper part of the working chamber slab, which is troublesome and also requires inspection, maintenance, carrying-in assembly, dismantling and recovery of the excavator. It cannot be done easily near the work room.

  In the case of the inventions of Patent Documents 2 and 3 described above, the double slab is provided at the bottom of the caisson housing, and the recovery chamber and the air lock chamber are provided between the upper and lower slabs. Therefore, the structure of the caisson housing is complicated and expensive. At the same time, it is difficult to apply to a normal caisson. Also in this case, it is necessary to lift the excavator into the collection chamber provided in the upper part of the working chamber slab, which is troublesome.

  The present invention has been made to solve such problems, and without having to lift the excavator disposed at the bottom of the pneumatic caisson to the upper part of the work room slab, the excavator can be inspected, maintained, The purpose of the present invention is to provide a pneumatic caisson that can be easily carried in, disassembled and recovered at atmospheric pressure, is a relatively simple maintenance facility, and can also be applied to ordinary caissons. .

Claim 1 of the present invention is a pneumatic caisson in which an excavator is movably installed under a work chamber slab provided in a lower part of the caisson housing, and the excavator in the work chamber is placed under the work chamber slab There is a maintenance room that can be operated under atmospheric pressure.The maintenance room is made of steel or concrete with a side wall suspended from the work room slab and a lower part surrounded by a sharp floor slab. A pneumatic caisson which is a sealed chamber, and is provided with an opening through which the excavator can pass and an opening / closing door capable of sealing the opening .

  In the present invention, a maintenance chamber is provided in the work chamber at the bottom of the caisson housing. The maintenance chamber is provided with a pressure adjusting means, and operations such as inspection, maintenance, loading assembly, and dismantling collection of the excavator are performed in the work chamber. It can be performed under atmospheric pressure. The atmospheric pressure adjusting means can be remotely operated from the ground.

  The maintenance chamber is made of steel or concrete with a cutting edge formed at the lower portion, and is arranged at the center of the caisson housing, so that the maintenance chamber acts in the same manner as the blade edge at the lower end of the caisson. In addition, the excavator is put into and out of the maintenance room through the opening on the side wall, and the opening is opened and closed with a sliding door or a swing door. The power / communication / control line of the excavator that interferes when the door is opened and closed can be closed without any trouble by providing a cable take-up reel in the maintenance room. However, the excavator can be cableless by using a trolley line for the power line and a wireless device for the communication / control line.

Continuous claim 2 of the present invention, in the pneumatic caisson according to claim 1, the ceiling maintenance room, through an opening of the maintenance chamber running rail of the installed excavator under the working chamber slab Possible recovery travel rails are installed, and on the outside of the opening of the maintenance room, a connecting rail that is arranged between the travel rails and the recovery travel rail and connects the two rails integrally is opened and closed. A pneumatic caisson is provided with a rail moving device that moves in a direction away from the opening so as to be closed.

  An overhead traveling excavator is continuously integrated in a straight line with a traveling rail on the work room ceiling, a traveling rail for collecting the maintenance room ceiling, and a rail for connecting the rail moving device, and is taken in and out of the maintenance room. The rail moving device can be a rail rotating device that horizontally rotates the connecting rail by a turntable provided on the ceiling of the maintenance room. The rail rotating device is preferably provided with a stopper for aligning the connecting rails and a hydraulic cylinder for aligning the rails. The rail moving device is not limited to the above-described rail rotating device, but a rail slide device that slides the connecting rail in a direction away from the opening / closing door, a rail overturning device that swings the connecting rail up and down in a direction away from the opening / closing door, and the like. Can be used. This rail moving device can be operated by remote control from the ground.

Claim 3 of the present invention is the pneumatic caisson according to claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that a bogie for inspection, maintenance, carrying-in assembly, and dismantling collection of the excavator is installed in the maintenance room. It is a pneumatic caisson. That is, as necessary, inspection and maintenance are performed using a cart that can move in the maintenance room.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the pneumatic caisson according to any one of the first to third aspects, an excavator recovery shaft for carrying the excavator in and out of the maintenance chamber; It is a pneumatic caisson characterized by a man shaft that allows workers to enter and exit the maintenance room.

  As the excavator recovery shaft, a dedicated shaft having a bottom shaft or a normal material shaft having a lock on the top can be used. The excavator is dismantled in the maintenance room and collected to the ground via the shaft, and the excavator parts are carried from the ground and assembled in the maintenance room. The excavator can be carried in and out without being dismantled.

  According to the present invention configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained.

  (1) Since the excavator maintenance room is provided under the pneumatic caisson's work slab, the excavator can be inspected, maintained, delivered, assembled, and raised without lifting the excavator above the work slab. Dismantling and the like can be easily performed under atmospheric pressure, work under high atmospheric pressure can be eliminated, work efficiency can be improved, construction cost can be reduced, and the like.

  (2) The maintenance room is a relatively simple maintenance facility and can also be applied to ordinary caisson, and it can be used for inspection, maintenance, carrying-in assembly, dismantling and recovery of excavators with a relatively low-cost caisson. It can be done safely and quickly.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on an embodiment shown in the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an example of the pneumatic caisson of the present invention, where (a) is a vertical sectional view seen from the front, and (b) is a vertical sectional view seen from the side. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view as viewed from the side of the pneumatic caisson of FIG. 1, where (a) is a cross section along the center line of the maintenance chamber and (b) is a cross section along the side wall of the maintenance chamber. FIG. 3 is a horizontal sectional view of the lower surface of the working chamber slab of FIG. 4A and 4B are partially enlarged cross-sectional views of the maintenance chamber of FIG. 1A, where FIG. 4A is a cross section near the central portion, and FIG. FIG. 5 shows a rail rotating device used in the present invention, where (a) is a vertical sectional view orthogonal to the rail, (b) is a horizontal sectional view, and (c) is a vertical sectional view parallel to the rail. FIG. 6 is a horizontal sectional view showing work such as inspection and maintenance of the excavator of the present invention in the order of steps.

  In FIG. 1, a pneumatic caisson 1 is a work chamber 5 surrounded by a blade edge 4 below a work chamber slab 3 provided at the bottom of a box-shaped or cylindrical caisson housing 2. Compressed air corresponding to the water pressure is sent from the ground, excavation is performed under a completely dry high pressure, and subsidence is performed by excavation alone or in combination with a load. The excavation is an unmanned excavation by an excavator 6 such as an overhead traveling excavator that is remotely operated from the ground.

  Further, a material shaft 7 for carrying out excavation soil and the like is erected on the inner side of the caisson housing 2, and a material lock 8 is provided above the material shaft 7. Further, a man shaft 9 on which an operator moves up and down by the elevator 11 is also erected, and a man lock 10 is provided on the man shaft 9.

  In such a pneumatic caisson 1, in the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the excavator 6 in the work chamber is accommodated and the excavator 6 is inspected, maintained, carried in, assembled and dismantled under atmospheric pressure. A maintenance room 12 capable of such operations is installed under the work room slab 3. Further, an excavator collecting shaft 14 is erected on the maintenance chamber 12 via a bottom shaft 13, and a man shaft 9 having a manlock 10 on the upper portion is erected to allow an operator to enter the maintenance chamber 12. The excavator 6 can be dismantled and collected on the ground (see FIG. 1 (b) and FIG. 2). In addition, the normal material shaft 7 and the material lock 8 can be installed on the maintenance chamber 12 for collection. Further, the excavator 6 can be recovered as it is without being dismantled and carried from the ground.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the maintenance chamber 12 is made of concrete surrounded by a pair of side walls 20, 20 suspended from the work chamber slab 3, and a floor slab 21 having an inverted triangular section and a sharp bottom. An opening 22 through which the excavator 6 can pass and a sliding opening / closing door 23 that can seal the opening 22 are provided in the side wall 20. The maintenance chamber 12 is provided with atmospheric pressure adjusting means (not shown), and the inside of the maintenance chamber 12 can be depressurized to atmospheric pressure. This atmospheric pressure adjusting means can be remotely operated from the ground.

  In addition, the maintenance chamber 12 is installed at the center of the work chamber slab 3 so as to divide the work chamber 5 into two (see FIG. 3). Further, the lower end of the floor slab 21 having an inverted triangular section has the same horizontal position as the lower end of the blade edge 4 (see FIG. 1), and performs the same action as the blade edge 4. The maintenance chamber 12 is not limited to concrete but may be made of steel or the like.

  As shown in FIG. 3, a pair of traveling rails 15 of the excavator 6 are disposed on the ceiling of the work chamber slab 3, for example, on both sides of the maintenance chamber 12 so as to be orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the maintenance chamber 12. Two sets are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the maintenance chamber 12 at intervals, and two openings 22 are provided in the side wall 20 so as to correspond to the two sets of traveling rails. The travel rail is not limited to this, and in the case of a circular caisson or the like, it may be arranged in a ring shape. The excavator 6 is suspended on the traveling rail 15 by a traveling device having upper traveling wheels.

  As shown in FIG. 3, a pair of recovery traveling rails 24 for recovering the excavator 6 traveling on the traveling rail 15 into the maintenance chamber 12 is provided on the ceiling in the maintenance chamber 12. The recovery traveling rails 24 are disposed up to the left and right openings 22 so that the excavator 6 can traverse, and are straight to the left and right traveling rails 15 via connection rails 31 of a rail rotating device 30 described later. It is comprised so that it may continue.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the open / close door 23 is a slide type that can move along the outer surface of the side wall 20, and is opened and closed by remote operation from the ground. The upper part of the opening / closing door 23 is housed in a groove formed on the lower surface of the work chamber slab 3, and an appropriate seal or the like is provided on the inner surface of the opening / closing door 23 so that the opening 22 can be sealed. The open / close door 23 may be a swing type.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the rail rotating device 30 is a device that is installed on the ceiling of the work room outside the opening 22 and horizontally swings the connecting rail 31 so that the door 23 can be closed. As shown in FIG. 5, a pair of connecting rails 31 are attached to the lower surface of the turntable 32. Furthermore, stoppers 33 and 34 for positioning the connecting rail 31 and a hydraulic cylinder 35 for positioning the rails are provided.

  A circular recess 40 is formed on the lower surface of the work chamber slab 3, and a mounting ring 41 is fixed to the recess 40. A rotating ring 42 on the upper surface of the turntable 32 is accommodated in the mounting ring 41, and a ball bearing 43. Is supported rotatably. The rotating ring 42 is an internal gear, and the turntable 32 is rotated by rotationally driving a gear 44 meshing with the rotating ring 42 by a motor 45. The rail rotating device 30 also operates by remote control from the ground.

  As shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b), the stoppers 33 are arranged at two locations separated by a central angle of 90 ° on the lower surface of the central portion of the recess 40, while the stoppers 34 are arranged at the central portion of the turntable 32. Is attached at one location between the two stoppers 33. When the stopper 34 comes into contact with one stopper 33, the connecting rail 31 continues in a straight line with the traveling rail 15 and the collecting traveling rail 24 and rotates 90 ° and comes into contact with the other stopper 33. 31 is orthogonal to the traveling rail 15 and the collection traveling rail 24.

  As shown in FIG. 5 (c), the rail alignment hydraulic cylinder 35 is attached to the side surface at the end of the collection travel rail 24, and the piston rod tip is disposed on the end surface of the travel rail 15. By inserting into the positioning holes, the recovery travel rail 24 is positioned and fixed to the travel rail 15 and the recovery travel rail 24, and an integrated rail is formed. As shown in FIG. 5 (a), the connecting rail 31, the traveling rail 15, and the collecting traveling rail 24 are configured such that traveling wheels (not shown) of the excavator roll on the outer upper surface of the lower flange. ing.

  Since the rail rotating device 30 is a device for retracting the connecting rail 31 so that the open / close door 23 can be closed, the rail rotating device 30 is not limited to the rail rotating device, and the connecting rail 31 is horizontally slid in a direction away from the open / close door 23. A rail moving device or a rail overturning device that tilts the connecting rail 31 downward toward the outside may be used.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 4 (b), a cart 50 for checking / maintaining, dismantling / assembling the excavator 6 may be installed inside the maintenance chamber 12. FIG. In this case, as shown in FIG. 4, a running groove 51 for moving the carriage 50 is formed in the upper center of the floor slab 21.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the power / communication / control cable of the excavator 6 that hinders the door opening / closing is provided with a cable take-up reel 60 in the maintenance chamber 12, so that the cable can be connected with the door 23 open. When the excavator 6 is unrolled and put into the maintenance room 12, the open / close door 23 can be closed without any trouble by winding the cable.

  In addition, the excavator 6 can be cableless by using a cableless power supply system using a trolley wire as power and using a wireless device for communication and control.

  In the pneumatic caisson 1 configured as described above, the excavator 6 is inspected / maintained and disassembled / assembled as follows (see FIG. 6).

  (1) The open / close door 23 of the maintenance room 12 is open, the inside of the work room 5 is under high pressure air, and the operator sees the monitor image in the work room 5 in the remote control room on the ground, The excavator 6 is operated along the traveling rail 15 and the excavator 6 is automatically controlled or remotely operated from the ground to perform unmanned excavation. Electric power is supplied to the excavator 6 by a cable 61 fed out from the cable take-up reel 60. The excavated earth and sand are put into the earth discharging bucket and discharged to the ground through the material shaft.

  (2) The traveling rails 15 on both the left and right sides of the maintenance chamber 12 and the recovery traveling rails 24 in the maintenance chamber 12 are continuously integrated in a straight line via the connection rail 31 of the rail rotating device 30. The excavator 6 in the chamber 5 is moved into the maintenance chamber 12. The cable 61 of the excavator 6 is taken up by the cable take-up reel 60.

  (3) The turntable 32 of the rail rotating device 30 is rotated by 90 ° so that the connecting rail 31 is orthogonal to the traveling rail 15 and the collecting traveling rail 24.

  (4) The opening / closing door 23 is slid and closed, and the opening 22 is sealed. Since the connecting rail 31 is arranged in parallel outside the door, and the cable 61 is wound around the cable take-up reel 60, the open / close door 23 can be closed without hindrance.

  (5) The inside of the maintenance chamber 12 sealed with respect to the high-pressure working chamber 5 is depressurized by the atmospheric pressure adjusting means and returned to the atmospheric pressure.

  (6) Perform maintenance work such as inspection and maintenance of the excavator 6 or dismantling work in the maintenance room 12 under atmospheric pressure.

  When the excavator 6 is returned to the work chamber 5 after the maintenance is completed, the excavator 6 is returned to the work chamber 5 in the reverse procedure.

  When the excavator 6 is collected on the ground after completion of excavation settlement, the excavator 6 is dismantled and then carried out to the ground via the excavator collection shaft 14 or the like. When the excavator 6 is carried into the working chamber 5 from the ground, the process is the reverse of the step of carrying out to the ground, and the disassembled excavator is carried into the maintenance chamber 12 and assembled, and the assembled excavator 6 is assembled. Is carried into the work chamber 5. The excavator 6 can be carried in and out without disassembling.

  Needless to say, the present invention is not limited to the illustrated examples.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a pneumatic caisson of the present invention, where (a) is a vertical sectional view seen from the front, and (b) is a vertical sectional view seen from the side. 2A and 2B are vertical cross-sectional views as viewed from the side of the pneumatic caisson of FIG. 1, in which FIG. It is a horizontal sectional view in the work room slab lower surface of FIG. 2A is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of the maintenance chamber of FIG. 1A, where FIG. 1A is a cross section near the center, and FIG. 1B is a cross section at the opening position. FIG. 1 is a rail rotation device used in the present invention, wherein (a) is a vertical sectional view orthogonal to the rail, (b) is a horizontal sectional view, and (c) is a vertical sectional view parallel to the rail. It is a horizontal sectional view showing work, such as inspection and maintenance of an excavator of the present invention, in order of processes.

Explanation of symbols

1 …… Pneumatic caisson 2 …… Caisson housing 3 …… Workroom slab 4 …… Blade 5 …… Workroom 6 …… Excavator 7 …… Material shaft 8 …… Material lock 9 …… Man shaft 10 …… Manlock 11 ... Elevator 12 ... Maintenance room 13 ... Bottom shaft 14 ... Excavator recovery shaft 15 ... Traveling rail 20 ... Side wall 21 ... Floor slab 22 ... Opening 23 ... Opening / closing door 24 ... ... Recovery rail 30 ... Rail rotating device 31 ... Connecting rail 32 ... Turntable 33 ... Stopper 34 ... Stopper 35 ... Rail positioning hydraulic cylinder 40 ... Recess 41 ... Mounting ring 42 …… Rotating ring 43 …… Ball bearing 44 …… Gear 45 …… Motor 50 …… Dolly 51 …… Driving groove 60 …… Cable take-up reel 61 ... cable

Claims (4)

In a pneumatic caisson in which an excavator is installed under a work room slab provided at the lower part of the caisson housing, the excavator in the work room is stored under the work room slab under atmospheric pressure. A maintenance room capable of working is provided, and the maintenance room is a steel or concrete sealed room surrounded by a side wall suspended from the work room slab and a sharp floor slab at the lower side. A pneumatic caisson comprising an opening through which an excavator can pass and an opening / closing door capable of sealing the opening . 2. The pneumatic caisson according to claim 1 , wherein a recovery traveling rail that can be continued through an opening of the maintenance chamber is installed on a traveling rail of an excavator installed under a work room slab on a ceiling in the maintenance chamber. A connecting rail that is disposed between the traveling rail and the recovery traveling rail and integrally connects the two rails is moved away from the opening so that the door can be closed. Pneumatic caisson characterized by a rail moving device that moves in the direction. 3. The pneumatic caisson according to claim 1, wherein a bogie for inspection, maintenance, carrying-in assembly, and dismantling collection of the excavator is installed in the maintenance room. The pneumatic caisson according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an excavator recovery shaft for carrying the excavator in and out of the maintenance chamber, and an operator enters and exits the maintenance chamber. Pneumatic caisson characterized by a man shaft.

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