JP2848465B2 - Metal-hydrogen alkaline storage battery - Google Patents
Metal-hydrogen alkaline storage batteryInfo
- Publication number
- JP2848465B2 JP2848465B2 JP2121485A JP12148590A JP2848465B2 JP 2848465 B2 JP2848465 B2 JP 2848465B2 JP 2121485 A JP2121485 A JP 2121485A JP 12148590 A JP12148590 A JP 12148590A JP 2848465 B2 JP2848465 B2 JP 2848465B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- equilibrium pressure
- alloy
- hydrogen
- negative electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明は、負極に水素吸蔵合金を用い、正極にニッケ
ル等の金属を用いた金属−水素アルカリ蓄電池に関す
る。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a metal-hydrogen alkaline storage battery using a hydrogen storage alloy for a negative electrode and a metal such as nickel for a positive electrode.
従来の技術 近年、ニッケル−カドミウム電池に代える新型アルカ
リ蓄電池として、金属−水素アルカル蓄電池が注目され
ている。この金属−水素アルカリ蓄電池は高エネルギー
密度化が可能であり、且つ放電時における電池電圧の低
下が少ないため、電池を用いたテープレコーダ等の各種
電気機器を長時間使用することが可能である。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, a metal-hydrogen alkaline storage battery has attracted attention as a new type of alkaline storage battery that replaces a nickel-cadmium battery. This metal-hydrogen alkaline storage battery can have a high energy density and has a small decrease in battery voltage at the time of discharging, so that various electric devices such as a tape recorder using a battery can be used for a long time.
発明が解決しようとする課題 ところで、上記電気機器には、電池の電圧を測定して
残存容量を表示し、使用者の利便性を向上させるような
機能が付加されものが多くなってきた。しかしながら、
金属−水素アルカリ蓄電池を用いた場合には、上記の如
く放電途中における電池電圧の低下が少なく、放電末期
になって急激に電池電圧が低下するため、電池の電圧を
測定して残存容量を表示するのが困難となる。この結
果、電気機器の残り使用時間を使用者に知らしめること
ができる、利便性が低下するという課題を有していた。Problems to be Solved by the Invention By the way, many of the above-mentioned electric devices are provided with a function of measuring the voltage of a battery and displaying a remaining capacity to improve the convenience of a user. However,
When a metal-hydrogen alkaline storage battery is used, the battery voltage decreases during discharge as described above, and the battery voltage sharply decreases at the end of discharge, so the battery voltage is measured and the remaining capacity is displayed. It will be difficult to do. As a result, there is a problem that the user can be informed of the remaining use time of the electric device, and the convenience is reduced.
本発明はかかる現状に鑑みてなされたものであり、電
池を用いた電気機器の残り使用時間を使用者に知らし
め、利便性を向上させることができる金属−水素アルカ
ル蓄電池を提供することを目的とする。The present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and has an object to provide a metal-hydrogen alkaline storage battery that can notify a user of a remaining use time of an electric device using a battery and improve convenience. And
課題を解決するための手段 本発明は上記目的を達成するために、可逆的に水素を
吸蔵,放出する水素吸蔵合金を含む負極と、この負極に
対向配置された正極とを有する金属−水素アルカリ蓄電
池において、前記負極は、平衡圧が高い合金から成る高
平衡圧部と、平衡圧が高い合金よりも平衡圧が低い合金
から成る低平衡圧部とが、正極と対向する平面内の互い
に異なる領域に配されて構成されていることを特徴とす
る。Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a metal-hydrogen alkali having a negative electrode including a hydrogen storage alloy that reversibly stores and releases hydrogen, and a positive electrode disposed opposite to the negative electrode. In the storage battery, the negative electrode has a high equilibrium pressure portion made of an alloy having a high equilibrium pressure and a low equilibrium pressure portion made of an alloy having a low equilibrium pressure than the alloy having a high equilibrium pressure, which are different from each other in a plane facing the positive electrode. It is characterized by being arranged in a region.
作用 上記構成の金属−水素アルカリ蓄電池を放電する場合
には、放電電圧の高い高平衡圧部が放電された後に放電
電圧の低い低平衡圧部が放電される。したがって、放電
当初は放電電圧が高い状態にあるが、放電終期になって
くると放電電圧が低くなるので、電池電圧を測定して残
存容量を表示することが可能となる。When discharging the metal-hydrogen alkaline storage battery having the above-described configuration, the low-equilibrium pressure portion having a low discharge voltage is discharged after the high-equilibrium pressure portion having a high discharge voltage is discharged. Therefore, although the discharge voltage is high at the beginning of discharge, the discharge voltage decreases at the end of discharge, so that it is possible to display the remaining capacity by measuring the battery voltage.
尚、高平衡圧を有する水素吸蔵合金と低平衡圧を有す
る水素吸蔵合金とを混合して電極を作製したのでは上記
の効果を得ることはできない。これは、蓄電池において
は、一般に正極容量が負極容量よりも小さな、所謂正極
支配の電池となっているため、上記の如く両者を混合し
たような構成では水素吸蔵合金が全て使用されず(即
ち、放電開始時期が遅い低平衡圧の水素吸蔵合金が余り
用いられない)、この結果電池電圧が低下しない。これ
に対して、前記本発明の構成であれば、高平衡圧部及び
低平衡圧部にそれぞれ対向している正極のみが充放電反
応に関与するので、低平衡圧の水素吸蔵合金も十分に反
応に関与することになる。したがって、放電終期になる
と放電電圧が低くなるという理由に起因する。It should be noted that the above effects cannot be obtained if an electrode is manufactured by mixing a hydrogen storage alloy having a high equilibrium pressure and a hydrogen storage alloy having a low equilibrium pressure. This is because, in a storage battery, the positive electrode capacity is generally smaller than the negative electrode capacity, that is, the battery is dominated by the positive electrode. Therefore, in the configuration in which the two are mixed as described above, all the hydrogen storage alloy is not used (that is, A low equilibrium pressure hydrogen storage alloy whose discharge start time is late is rarely used, and as a result, the battery voltage does not decrease. On the other hand, according to the configuration of the present invention, only the positive electrode facing the high equilibrium pressure portion and the low equilibrium pressure portion are involved in the charge / discharge reaction. Will be involved in the reaction. Therefore, the reason is that the discharge voltage decreases at the end of discharge.
実 施 例 本発明の実施例を、第1図〜第5図に基づいて、以下
に説明する。Embodiment An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.
〔実施例1〕 第1図は本発明の電極を用いた円筒型ニッケル−水素
アルカリ蓄電池の断面図であり、焼結式ニッケルから成
る正極1と、水素吸蔵合金を含む負極2と、これら正負
両極1・2間に介挿されたセパレータ3とから成る電極
群4は渦巻状に巻回されている。この電極群4は負極端
子兼用の外装罐6内に配置されており、この外装罐6と
上記負極2とは負極用導電タブ5により接続されてい
る。上記外装罐6の上部開口にはパッキング7を介して
封口体8が装着されており、この封口体8の内部にはコ
イルスプリング9が設けられている。このコイルスプリ
ング9は電池内部の内圧が異状上昇したときに矢印A方
向に押圧されて内部のガスが大気中に放出されるように
構成されている。また、上記封口体8と前記正極1とは
正極用導電タブ10にて接続されている。Example 1 FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a cylindrical nickel-hydrogen alkaline storage battery using the electrode of the present invention, and shows a positive electrode 1 made of sintered nickel, a negative electrode 2 containing a hydrogen storage alloy, The electrode group 4 including the separator 3 interposed between the two poles 1 and 2 is spirally wound. The electrode group 4 is disposed in an outer can 6 also serving as a negative electrode terminal. The outer can 6 and the negative electrode 2 are connected by a negative electrode conductive tab 5. A sealing body 8 is mounted on an upper opening of the outer can 6 via a packing 7, and a coil spring 9 is provided inside the sealing body 8. The coil spring 9 is configured such that when the internal pressure inside the battery rises abnormally, it is pressed in the direction of arrow A and the gas inside is released into the atmosphere. The sealing body 8 and the positive electrode 1 are connected by a positive electrode conductive tab 10.
ここで、前記負極2は、第2図及び下記第1表A1に示
すように、LaNi5(平衡圧:2atm、電圧:1.26V)から成る
高平衡圧部21と、LaNi3Co2(平衡圧:0.4atm、電圧:1.24
V)から成る低平衡圧部22とから構成されており、高平
衡圧部21と低平衡圧部22との面積比率は80:20となって
いる。Here, as shown in FIG. 2 and Table 1 below, the negative electrode 2 has a high equilibrium pressure portion 21 made of LaNi 5 (equilibrium pressure: 2 atm, voltage: 1.26 V) and a LaNi 3 Co 2 ( Equilibrium pressure: 0.4atm, voltage: 1.24
V), and the area ratio between the high equilibrium pressure section 21 and the low equilibrium pressure section 22 is 80:20.
ここで、上記構造の円筒型ニッケル−水素アルカリ蓄
電池を、以下のようにして作製した。 Here, the cylindrical nickel-hydrogen alkaline storage battery having the above structure was produced as follows.
先ず、市販のLaとNiとを元素比で1:5の割合となるよ
うに秤量した後、アルゴン不活性雰囲気中のアーク溶解
炉内で溶解し、LaNi5で示される合金のインゴットを作
成した。次に、上記インゴットをボールミルによって50
μm以下に粉砕した後、この水素吸蔵合金粉末に結着剤
としてのPTFE(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン)粉末を5w
t%加えて混練し、ペーストYを作成する。これと並行
して、市販のLaとNiとCoとを元素比で1:3:2の割合とな
るように秤量した後、アーク溶解炉内で溶解して、LaNi
3Co2で示される合金のインゴットを作成し、更に上記と
同様の方法でペーストZを作成する。First, commercially available La and Ni were weighed so as to have a ratio of 1: 5 in element ratio, and then melted in an arc melting furnace in an inert atmosphere of argon to prepare an alloy ingot represented by LaNi 5 . . Next, the above ingot was subjected to 50 ball milling.
After crushing to less than μm, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) powder as a binder was added to the hydrogen storage alloy powder for 5w.
Add t% and knead to make paste Y. In parallel with this, commercially available La, Ni, and Co were weighed in an element ratio of 1: 3: 2, and then melted in an arc melting furnace to obtain LaNi.
An ingot of an alloy represented by 3 Co 2 is prepared, and a paste Z is prepared in the same manner as described above.
しかる後、上記ペーストYをパンチングメタルから成
る集電体の両面に圧着(圧着面積は集電体の面積の80
%)し、更に残余の部分にペーストZを圧着することに
より負極2を作製した。Thereafter, the paste Y is pressure-bonded to both surfaces of a current collector made of punching metal (the pressure-bonding area is 80% of the current collector area).
%), And paste Z was pressure-bonded to the remaining portion, to produce a negative electrode 2.
次いで、上記負極2と、この負極2よりも十分容量が
大きな焼結式ニッケル正極1とを、不織布からなるセパ
レータ3を介して巻介し、電極群4を作製した。しかる
後、この電極群4を外装罐6内に挿入し、更に30重量%
のKOH水溶液を上記外装罐6内に注液した後、外装罐6
を密閉することにより円筒型ニッケル−水素蓄電池を作
製した。Next, the negative electrode 2 and a sintered nickel positive electrode 1 having a sufficiently larger capacity than the negative electrode 2 were wound around a separator 3 made of a nonwoven fabric, thereby producing an electrode group 4. Thereafter, the electrode group 4 is inserted into the outer can 6 and further 30% by weight.
Is injected into the outer can 6, and then the outer can 6
Was sealed to produce a cylindrical nickel-hydrogen storage battery.
このようにして作製した電池を、以下(A1)電池と称
する。The battery fabricated in this manner is hereinafter referred to as (A 1 ) battery.
上記第1表A2に示すように、低平衡圧部22に用いる合
金としてLaNiCo4(平衡圧:0.1atm、電圧:1.23V)で示さ
れる合金を用いる他は、上記実施例Iと同様にして電池
を作製した。It said As shown in Table 1 A 2, LaNiCo 4 as an alloy for use in a low equilibrium pressure portion 22 (the equilibrium pressure: 0.1 atm, Voltage: 1.23V) except that an alloy represented by the the same manner as the above Example I To produce a battery.
このようにして作製した電池を、以下(A2)電池と称
する。The battery fabricated in this manner is hereinafter referred to as (A 2 ) battery.
第3図に示すように、低平衡圧部22を第1低平衡圧部
22aと第2低平衡圧部22b(第1低平衡圧部22aより更に
平衡圧が低い)とに2分割し、上記第1表A3に示すよう
に、第1低平衡圧部22aに用いる合金として前記LaNi3Co
2で示される合金を用い、第2低平衡圧部22bに用いる合
金としてLaNi4.3Al0.7(平衡圧:0.03atm、電圧:1.21V)
で示される合金を用いる他は、上記実施例Iと同様にし
て電池を作製した。As shown in FIG. 3, the low equilibrium pressure section 22 is connected to the first low equilibrium pressure section.
22a and (more equilibrium pressure than the first low equilibrium pressure portion 22a is lower) second low equilibrium pressure portion 22b and is divided into two, as shown in Table 1 A 3, used for the first low equilibrium pressure portion 22a LaNi 3 Co as the alloy
LaNi 4.3 Al 0.7 (equilibrium pressure: 0.03 atm, voltage: 1.21 V) as the alloy used for the second low equilibrium pressure part 22b using the alloy shown in 2
A battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example I except that the alloy represented by
このようにして作製した電池を、以下(A3)電池と称
する。The battery fabricated in this manner is hereinafter referred to as (A 3 ) battery.
第4図に示すように、低平衡圧部を形成しない(高平
衡圧部21としては前記LaNi5を用いている)他は、上記
実施例Iと同様にして電池を作製した。As shown in FIG. 4, a battery was produced in the same manner as in Example I except that the low equilibrium pressure portion was not formed (the LaNi 5 was used as the high equilibrium pressure portion 21).
このようにして作製した電池を、以下(X)電池と称
する。The battery fabricated in this manner is hereinafter referred to as (X) battery.
上記本発明の(A1)電池〜(A3)電池と比較例の
(X)電池との放電特性を調べたので、その結果を第5
図に示す。なお、実験条件は、電流0.3Cで4時間充電し
た後、電流0.3Cで放電するという条件である。The discharge characteristics of the batteries (A 1 ) to (A 3 ) of the present invention and the battery (X) of the comparative example were examined.
Shown in the figure. Note that the experimental conditions were such that the battery was charged at a current of 0.3 C for 4 hours and then discharged at a current of 0.3 C.
第5図より明らかなように、本発明の(A1)電池〜
(A3)電池では放電末期に到る前に少なくとも1回電池
電圧が低下するのに対して、比較例の(X)電池では放
電末期まで電池電圧が低下していないことが認められ
る。As is clear from FIG. 5, the (A 1 ) battery of the present invention
(A 3 ) In the battery, the battery voltage decreases at least once before reaching the end of discharge, whereas in the battery (X) of the comparative example, it is recognized that the battery voltage does not decrease until the end of discharge.
これは、(A1)電池〜(A3)電池では高平衡圧部21が
放電完了した後、低平衡圧部22での放電が開始される際
に電圧が低下するのに対して、(X)電池では低平衡圧
部が設けられていないのでこのような現象が生じないと
いう理由による。This is because in the (A 1 ) battery to the (A 3 ) battery, the voltage drops when the discharge in the low equilibrium pressure section 22 is started after the discharge in the high equilibrium pressure section 21 is completed. X) This is because such a phenomenon does not occur in the battery because the low equilibrium pressure portion is not provided.
尚、放電電圧を変化させるべく、低平衡圧部22の合金
の種類を変えて実験したところ、高平衡圧部21の放電電
圧より低平衡圧部22の放電電圧を15mV程度低下(電気機
器に使用した場合に、電圧の変化を十分に検知できる範
囲)させるためには、低平衡圧部22の平衡圧は高平衡圧
部21の平衡圧の約1/5程度必要であることが確認され
た。したがって、両者の平衡圧の比率は、このような範
囲であることが一層好ましい。In addition, in order to change the discharge voltage, an experiment was performed by changing the type of alloy of the low equilibrium pressure section 22. As a result, the discharge voltage of the low equilibrium pressure section 22 was reduced by about 15 mV from the discharge voltage of the high equilibrium pressure section 21 (for electric equipment). It is confirmed that the balanced pressure of the low balanced pressure section 22 is required to be about 1/5 of the balanced pressure of the high balanced pressure section 21 in order to sufficiently detect the voltage change when used. Was. Therefore, the ratio of the two equilibrium pressures is more preferably in such a range.
また、水素吸蔵合金としては上記実施例に示すものに
限定するものではなく、その他の水素吸蔵合金であって
もよい。Further, the hydrogen storage alloy is not limited to the one shown in the above embodiment, but may be another hydrogen storage alloy.
更に、上記実施例では円筒型電池について説明した
が、偏平型電池であっても本発明を適用しうることは勿
論である。Further, in the above embodiment, the cylindrical battery was described. However, it is needless to say that the present invention can be applied to a flat battery.
発明の効果 以上説明したように本発明によれば、電池の残存容量
を正確に表示することが可能となるので、電池を用いた
電気機器の残り使用時間を使用者に知らしめることがで
き、電気機器の利便性を飛躍的に向上させることができ
るという効果を奏する。Effect of the Invention As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to accurately display the remaining capacity of the battery, so that the user can be notified of the remaining use time of the electric device using the battery, This has the effect of greatly improving the convenience of the electrical equipment.
第1図は本発明の一例である円筒型ニッケル−水素アル
カリ蓄電池の断面図、第2図は実施例I,IIに示す電池の
負極の正面図、第3図は実施例IIIに示す電池の負極の
正面図、第4図は比較例に示す電池の負極の正面図、第
5図は本発明の(A1)電池〜(A3)電池と比較例の
(X)電池〜との放電特性を示すグラフである。 1……正極、2……負極、3……セパレータ、21……高
平衡圧部、22……低平衡圧部、22a……第1低平衡圧
部、22b……第2低平衡圧部。FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a cylindrical nickel-hydrogen alkaline storage battery as an example of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view of the negative electrode of the battery shown in Examples I and II, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a front view of the negative electrode of the battery shown in the comparative example, and FIG. 5 is a discharge of the (A 1 ) to (A 3 ) batteries of the present invention and the (X) battery of the comparative example. It is a graph which shows a characteristic. 1 ... Positive electrode, 2 ... Negative electrode, 3 ... Separator, 21 ... High equilibrium pressure section, 22 ... Low equilibrium pressure section, 22a ... First low equilibrium pressure section, 22b ... Second low equilibrium pressure section .
フロントページの続き (72)発明者 前田 礼造 大阪府守口市京阪本通2丁目18番地 三 洋電機株式会社内 (56)参考文献 特開 昭60−212958(JP,A) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.6,DB名) H01M 4/24 - 4/26Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Reizou Maeda 2-18-18 Keihanhondori, Moriguchi-shi, Osaka Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-60-212958 (JP, A) (58) Investigated Field (Int.Cl. 6 , DB name) H01M 4/24-4/26
Claims (1)
金を含む負極と、この負極に対向配置された正極とを有
する金属−水素アルカリ蓄電池において、 前記負極は、 平衡圧が高い合金から成る高平衡圧部と、 上記平衡圧が高い合金よりも平衡圧が低い合金から成る
低平衡圧部とが、 前記正極と対向する平面内の互いに異なる領域に配され
て構成されていることを特徴とする金属−水素アルカリ
蓄電池。1. A metal-hydrogen alkaline storage battery having a negative electrode including a hydrogen storage alloy that reversibly stores and releases hydrogen, and a positive electrode opposed to the negative electrode, wherein the negative electrode is made of an alloy having a high equilibrium pressure. And a low equilibrium pressure portion made of an alloy having a lower equilibrium pressure than that of the alloy having a higher equilibrium pressure is arranged in different regions in a plane facing the positive electrode. Characteristic metal-hydrogen alkaline storage battery.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2121485A JP2848465B2 (en) | 1990-05-10 | 1990-05-10 | Metal-hydrogen alkaline storage battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2121485A JP2848465B2 (en) | 1990-05-10 | 1990-05-10 | Metal-hydrogen alkaline storage battery |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH0417262A JPH0417262A (en) | 1992-01-22 |
JP2848465B2 true JP2848465B2 (en) | 1999-01-20 |
Family
ID=14812329
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JP2121485A Expired - Fee Related JP2848465B2 (en) | 1990-05-10 | 1990-05-10 | Metal-hydrogen alkaline storage battery |
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JP (1) | JP2848465B2 (en) |
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