JP2842834B2 - Planting method of seed fertilizer and trees with fungi - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for planting seed-grown soil and trees containing fungi, and more particularly to an effective method for simplifying tree-planting work on pine forests on sandy beaches and greening work on degraded lands. We propose a new seedling containing fungus and a method of planting trees using this seedling. In the present application, a mixture of seed, fertilizer and soil, or a mixture of seed, fertilizer, soil and soil improver is simply defined as "seed fertilizer".

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, afforestation work of a pine forest on a sandy beach has been carried out by a method in which seedlings germinated from seeds are replanted and raised for two years and then transplanted to a sandy beach. However, such tree planting work requires a lot of labor for raising seedlings and transplanting, and is inefficient.

On the other hand, greening work on degraded land is performed by a simple method of directly sowing seed fertilizer soil on degraded land. However, the poor nutrient status of the degraded land makes it difficult for the seedlings germinated from the seeds to absorb the nutrient water required during the seedling stage. Moreover, seedlings are susceptible to pathogens such as Fusarium and Rhizoctonia. That is, the direct sowing method of the seed fertilizer is a simpler operation than the above-mentioned operation of the floor changing transplant, but has a problem that it is difficult to grow the seedlings soundly.

On the other hand, there is a method in which mycorrhizal fungi are transmitted to seedlings and the seedlings are planted at afforestation sites for the purpose of growing healthy seedlings. According to this method, the growth of the seedling after transplantation is certainly better than the conventional one. However, the labor involved in raising seedlings, transplanting, and the like is not different from the above-mentioned conventional method.

[0005] In Japan, which will shift to an aging society in the future, it is expected that forestry workers will be aging and labor shortage will occur. Therefore, the development of a simpler and labor-saving afforestation method that replaces the above-mentioned conventional method is actually required. In addition, pine mortality is progressing nationwide, and in coastal areas, there is a growing need to create pine forests from the viewpoint of disaster prevention.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and a main object of the present invention is to reduce the labor required for planting seedlings even on a land with poor nutrition such as a sandy beach or a degraded land. An object of the present invention is to propose a tree planting method capable of realizing healthy growth of young seedlings without taking any action. Another object of the present invention is to provide a seed fertilizer containing fungus which is effective in the above-mentioned afforestation method.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have paid attention to a method of direct seeding of seed manure, which is a simpler and labor-saving method, and have conducted intensive studies to realize the above object. As a result, the inventors have found that ectomycorrhizal fungi are contained in the seed fertilizer in advance, and the seed fertilizer is formed into a mass to form a fungal seed fertilizer, whereby healthy growth of germinated seedlings can be achieved. As a result, the present invention has been completed.

That is, the present invention relates to a seed fertilizer containing fungal mycorrhizal material, which is formed by adding a mycorrhizal fungal material to a seed fertilizer comprising an ectomycorrhizal tree seed, a fertilizer and a basic soil, and formed into a bulk. Soil , wherein the basic soil is black soil or red soil.
Lung: 10-95 vol%, pulverized coal, vermiculite, peat
Selected from moss, perlite and zeolite
Any one or more soil conditioners: 5-90 vol%
And the mycorrhizal fungal material is aspergillus, shouro, honshi
Any one selected from European and Chichiawatake
One or more ectomycorrhizal fungi can be cultivated by peat moss
With charcoal (2-3% of peat moss)
And the outer soil amount was 5 to the basic soil.
Contained at a rate of 20 vol%, 1 liter of the basic soil
1 to 10 g of fertilizer and several ectomycorrhizal tree seeds
It is a seed-filled soil containing fungi, characterized by containing .

[0009] Then, as afforestation method of trees with bacterial containing species hydrate according to the present invention described above, the present invention provides bacteria containing
We propose a method of sowing seed fertilizer soil directly from October to April at afforestation sites of trees to promote the germination and seedling of young seedlings and to grow them healthy.

[0010]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The fungus-containing seed fertilizer of the present invention is characterized in that ectomycorrhizal fungi are contained in the seed fertilizer in advance and formed into a mass to obtain a fungus-containing seed fertilizer. There are features. As a result, the ectomycorrhizal fungi in the seed manure infect the roots of the seedlings at the same time as the seeds germinate in the tree, improve the nutrient absorption capacity in the seedling stage, and increase the resistance to soil-borne fungi such as Fusarium and Rhizotonia. Contribute to improvement. As a result, the seedlings can be germinated,
It can promote seedling raising and healthy growth.

In the seed-filled soil of the present invention, ectomycorrhizal fungi infect the roots of trees (ectomycorrhiza), spread mycelia of several microns in the soil over a wide area, and provide nutrients (phosphorus, nitrogen,
The bacteria themselves exhibit a symbiotic relationship in that they provide carbohydrates and the like synthesized by trees while supplying water and potassium.
Moreover, the roots of the trees, which have formed a mycelial sheath by hyphae, have a high resistance to the invasion of soil disease bacteria. As such an ectomycorrhizal fungus, it is desirable to use one or more ectomycorrhizal fungi selected from Kotu-bamboo, Shoro, Honshoro and Chichiawatake, which have the above-mentioned effects.

In the present invention, the target tree species include extrinsic mycorrhizal trees that are symbiotic with the above-mentioned extrinsic mycorrhizal fungi, and examples thereof include larch, Japanese red pine, Japanese black pine, hemlock, and Komatsuga. .

In the fertilized soil with fungi of the present invention, it is desirable to use at least one selected from the group consisting of alkaline and porous pulverized coal, vermiculite, peat moss, perlite and zeolite, which have an effect of retaining water, as the soil improving material. . The reason for using pulverized coal (those not adjusted for pH with wood vinegar) is that it is suitable as a home for ectomycorrhizal fungi having a preference for alkalinity, such as piglet, shoro and honsho. The reason for using vermiculite, perlite and zeolite is that they are suitable for improving the water absorption, increasing the water retention, preventing caking, and increasing the base substitution capacity of the seeded soil containing fungi. The reason why peat moss is used is that it is suitable for use as a support for ectomycorrhizal fungi with improved water absorption, improved water retention, prevention of caking, and improved seedling soil containing fungi. In other words, the addition of peat moss is expected not only as a support for ectomycorrhizal fungi, but also to prevent the solidification of seed fertilizer soil, and to have a water retention effect in summer and winter dry conditions due to its high water absorption and water retention. It was done. The peat moss is desirably used as a humus in order to prevent the propagation of organic matter-degrading soil disease bacteria (for example, Fusarium, Rhizotonia, etc.).

In the seed fertilizer soil containing fungi of the present invention, it is desirable to use black soil or red soil having a low organic matter content as soil. The reason for this is to suppress the growth of the organic matter-degrading soil disease fungus and to prevent the young seedlings of the tree from causing blight.

In the seed fertilizer soil containing fungi of the present invention, as the fertilizer, for the same reason as the above-mentioned basic soil, it is preferable not to use an organic matter-based fertilizer but to use a phosphorus-based chemical fertilizer having a low nitrogen content.

The fungal seed-containing soil according to the present invention as described above can be obtained, for example, by mixing a mycorrhizal fungal material with the seed fertilizer and molding into a lump according to the following method. That is, after blending the fruiting body and water at a volume ratio of 1: 1 and then pulverizing and mixing with a mixer, further diluting with water 2-3 times,
Spore solution. Next, as a support for the ectomycorrhizal fungi, peat moss that has undergone humification so that the organic matter-degrading soil disease fungus does not propagate is used. To prepare a mycorrhizal fungal material. Then, add this mycorrhizal fungus material to 10-95 v
ol% of soil and 5 to 90 vol% of soil amendment, mixed at a rate of 5 to 20 vol% in outer frame amount, and at the same time, 1 to 10 g of fertilizer per 1 liter of the basic soil. A plurality of seeds are mixed and then formed into a lump to obtain the seed-filled soil containing the fungus of the present invention. Here, it is desirable that the content of mycorrhizal fungal material be 5 to 20 vol% with respect to the basic soil. Less likely to infect roots, while 20 v
If the ol% is exceeded, it becomes difficult to form the seed-containing soil containing fungi.

As described above, the seed-filled soil containing the fungus of the present invention, which is formed by previously containing the ectomycorrhizal fungi in the seed-filled soil, is formed into a lump. The reason for this is to shield seeds in seed fertilizer soil from the external environment on sandy beaches and degraded lands. Here, the form of the lump is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the planting site where the seed fertilizer containing fungi is directly sown, and includes, for example, a sphere, a plate, a bale, and a tile. In particular, when forming into a spherical shape, it is desirable that this size be a radius of about 1.5 to 2.0 cm. Within this range, the seedlings will germinate and raise, and healthy growth of the seedlings will be easy.

Next, in the method for planting trees using the seed-containing soil according to the present invention, the seed-containing soil containing the fungus is directly sowed at a tree-planting site to promote germination and seedling of the seedlings. It is characterized by healthy growth. According to such a tree planting method of the present invention, ectomycorrhizal fungi smoothly infect the roots of the seedlings from an early stage, and stable supply of nutrient water to the seedlings is performed. The durability against pathogenic bacteria can be improved. As a result, tree planting by the method of direct sowing of seed fertilizer becomes possible.

Here, the sowing time of the seed fertilizer containing fungi is preferably from October to April. The reason for this is that in sowing after May, long-term drying can be considered from late July to 8
This is because the roots cannot grow to a position where they can absorb water by the beginning of the month, and after August there is a reason that the seeds are expected to germinate by winter and wither due to the cold and cannot overwinter. is there.

[0020]

【Example】

(Example 1) 1 l of black soil (10 mm under for construction site visitor soil),
350 Japanese black pine seeds, using wood vinegar as a soil conditioner
50ml pulverized coal (under 3mm) without pH adjustment, 50ml vermiculite, 1g ammonium sulfate as fertilizer
And 3 g of soluble fertilizer, 50 ml of spore solution of Scotch moss held in peat moss + charcoal (2-3% of peat moss) as mycorrhizal fungal material, all of which were mixed with a small amount of water,
It was formed into a spherical seed fertilizer soil containing bacteria having a radius of about 1.5 cm (test plot). As a comparative material, except that no mycorrhizal fungus material was added, the spherical seed fertilized soil was the same as in the above-mentioned test section (mycorrhizal fungus material-free addition section), and that no mycorrhizal fungus material and soil improving material were added. Spherical seed fertilized soil (without addition) was prepared in the same manner as in the above test section. These spherical seed fertilizers are packed with sand
a) The pot was buried in a Wagner pot, and the germination state and the growth state were observed. As a result, the germination rate is shown in Table 1.

[0021]

[Table 1]

As apparent from the results shown in Table 1,
It was found that the germination rate was significantly reduced in the absence of the soil conditioner. In addition, the growth status of the germinated seedlings was good growth in any of the treated plots until about one month after germination. However, two months after germination,
It was confirmed that the seedlings of the non-added group and the mycorrhizal fungi-free group exhibited yellow-green which seems to be nutrient deficient. That is, it was confirmed that the addition of the mycorrhizal fungal material to the seed manure greatly contributed to the improvement of the nutrient absorption capacity in the seedling stage.

(Example 2) 1 liter of black soil (under 10 mm for construction soil), 350 seeds of black pine, 50 ml of pulverized coal (under 3 mm) not adjusted with wood vinegar and 50 ml of vermiculite as soil improving material, fertilizer 1 g of ammonium sulfate and 3 g of soluble phosphorous fertilizer, 50 ml of spore solution of Scots moss held in peat moss + charcoal (2-3% of peat moss) as mycorrhizal fungal material, all of which together with a small amount of water The mixture was mixed and formed into a spherical seed soil containing bacteria having a radius of about 1.5 cm (test plot). As a comparative material, except that no mycorrhizal fungus material was added, the spherical seed fertilized soil was the same as in the above-mentioned test section (mycorrhizal fungus material-free addition section), and that no mycorrhizal fungus material and soil improving material were added. Spherical seed fertilized soil (without addition) was prepared in the same manner as in the above test section. In March 1995, these spherical seed fertilizers were arranged in a row in a 3 cm deep groove formed on the test site, and then covered with sand until the surface of the seed fertilizer was hidden, and the germination and growth conditions were observed. Was done. As a result, the germination rate is shown in Table 2.

[0024]

[Table 2] * 1: Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of dead seedlings.

As is clear from the results shown in Table 2,
It was found that the germination rate was significantly reduced in the absence of the soil conditioner. In addition, as for the growth status of the germinated seedlings, good growth was observed in all treatment groups until May.
However, from July, the seedlings in the no-addition zone and the no-mycorrhizal fungus-addition-free zone showed many deaths due to blight and summer abnormal weather. In this regard, the number of withering seedlings in the test plot was significantly smaller than in the other treatment plots.
When the seedlings in the test plot and the mycorrhizal fungi-free material were excavated as of September, the seedlings in the test plot were found to be infected with ectomycorrhizal fungi. In other words, according to the seed fertilizer added with mycorrhizal fungal material, ectomycorrhizal fungi infect the seedling roots at the same time as germination,
It was confirmed that the resistance to soil disease bacteria was improved.

(Example 3) 1 l of black soil (10 mm under for construction soil), 350 seeds of black pine, 50 ml of coal powder (3 mm under) not adjusted with wood vinegar and 50 ml of vermiculite as soil improving material, fertilizer 1 g of ammonium sulfate and 3 g of soluble phosphorous fertilizer, 50 ml of spore solution of Scots moss held in peat moss + charcoal (2-3% of peat moss) as mycorrhizal fungal material, all of which together with a small amount of water The mixture was mixed and formed into a spherical seed fertilizer soil containing bacteria having a radius of about 1.5 cm (test plot). As a comparative material, a spherical seed fertilizer was prepared in the same manner as in the above test section except that no mycorrhizal fungus material was added (a mycorrhizal fungus material-free addition section). These sprouts were buried in a 1 / 5000a Wagner pot filled with soil from a test field in Hachioji city where Fusarium blight was observed, and germination and growth were observed. Table 3 shows the results.

[0027]

[Table 3] * 1: Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of dead seedlings.

As is clear from the results shown in Table 3,
In both treatments, damping-off caused by the effect of Fusarium occurred 40 days after the start of the experiment. Furthermore, on the 60th day from the start of the experiment, most of the seedlings in the group without the mycorrhizal fungi were dead, but about 57% of the seedlings in the test group survived. That is, it was confirmed that according to the seed fertilized soil to which the mycorrhizal fungus material was added and contained, even in a degraded land affected by soil disease bacteria, resistance to soil disease bacteria was excellent.

[0029]

As described above, according to the seed-containing fertilized soil of the present invention, the ectomycorrhizal fungi infect the roots of the seedlings simultaneously with the germination of the seedlings. , Fusarium, Rhizotonia, etc. can be improved. As a result, according to the tree planting method using the seed-containing fertilized soil of the present invention, it is possible to promote the germination and seedling of young seedlings and achieve healthy growth by a simple and labor-saving direct sowing method. Become.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-5-137460 (JP, A) JP 7-89773 (JP, B2) JP 7-12249 (JP, B2) (58) Field (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) A01G 7/00-7/06

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] An ectomycorrhizal tree seed, a fertilizer and a seed fertilizer comprising a basic soil, wherein the seed fertilizer comprises a mycorrhizal fungal material.
And a seed fertilizer soil containing fungi formed in a lump , wherein the basic soil is black or red soil: 10 to 95 vol%
And pulverized coal, vermiculite, peat moss, perlite
And at least one selected from zeolites
Soil-improving material: 5 to 90 vol%, the mycorrhizal fungal material is aspergillus, shouro, honsho
Any one selected from B and Chichiawatake
The above ectomycorrhizal fungi can be obtained from peat moss
With charcoal (2-3% of peat moss)
And the outer soil amount is 5 to 20 with respect to the basic soil.
1% to 10g of fertilizer per liter of the basic soil
A seed fertilizer containing fungi, comprising seeds of individual ectomycorrhizal trees . 2. Black or red soil: 10 to 95 vol%;
Pulverized coal, vermiculite, peat moss, perlite and
One or more soils selected from zeolites
Soil improvement material: 5 to 90 vol% basic soil
Mushroom, Shouro, Honshouro and Chichiawatake
Decomposes one or more ectomycorrhizal fungi selected from
The charcoal (Peatmo
The mycorrhizal fungal material retained together with the
In addition to the content of 5 to 20 vol% in the frame amount,
1 to 10 g of fertilizer and several
Do not include ectomycorrhizal tree seeds and
A method for planting trees, comprising seeding a seedling containing soil containing fungi directly into a tree planting site during the period from October to April to promote the germination and raising of seedlings and to grow them healthy.