KR100441163B1 - Culture receptacle for nutriculture - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed contents can be applied to various cultivation methods by greatly reducing the excessive initial investment required for nutrient cultivation, easily applied to the vitalization of various operations by having various facilities necessary for cultivation of nutrient solution in one container. To a cultivation container for nutrient solution.

In the present invention, the inner space of the box made of transparent or semi-transparent synthetic resin is divided into three parts so that both sides form a wick tank, and the middle forms a hydrant tank, and an air-conditioning pipe is installed between the wick tank and the hydrant tank, respectively. The reinforcement seat is installed between the tank and the amniotic fluid tank, respectively, the outer four corners and the middle part of the side are provided with troughs, and the outer wall edge of the upper surface protrudes round inward, and the upper end of the inner wall has a stepped bottom frame and a bottom. The part covering the ceiling of the wick tank has an area that matches the inner area of the stepped part formed inside the upper surface of the frame, and an ellipse or a square hole is arranged. Badge input box is made higher than the height of the badge to cover the top of the badge while receiving It will cost.

Description

Culture receptacle for nutriculture

The present invention relates to a cultivation container for nutrient cultivation, and more particularly, by having a variety of facilities necessary for cultivation of nutrient solution in one container, it significantly reduces the excessive initial investment required for cultivation of nutrient solution, and is easily applied to the vitalization of various operations. It can be applied to all kinds of cultivation methods.

As is well known, soil cultivation has continued to deteriorate the soil environment due to excessive pesticides, abuse of chemical fertilizers, multi-crop cultivation without fallow seasons, and productivity has declined. Cultivation is emerging.

This soil-free nutrient cultivation has been developed by advanced agricultural countries such as the Netherlands, Denmark, France, and Israel, by establishing a high-tech, high-quality, high-production system through a centralized automated system, and cultivating 30 ~ 50% of the total plant area. While leading the horticultural market as well as the related equipment market, Korea has not only structural problems such as aging population, vulnerable technology, small scale of scale, and poor investment resources of farmers, but also the foundation of nutrient solution system. The desired farms are growing rapidly because the medium is not standardized for cultivation, but only 2% of the total plant area is attempting cultivation of nutrient solution.

Here, look at the conventional nutrient cultivation technology by field as follows.

First, as a cultivation container, a box made of styropol or synthetic resin is used. The styropol box is expensive and brittle, with a lot of logistics costs such as transportation and storage, and difficult to dispose of, and a synthetic resin box is expensive and insulated. There is a problem, the cultivation vessel according to the prior art has a disadvantage in that the container arrangement and the support frame made of aluminum, synthetic resin, wood, steel, etc. when separately cultivated from the ground about 70 ~ 120cm has a disadvantage.

In terms of water and nutrient management, drip pins and drip hoses are piped onto the medium to supply nutrients and water in a centralized manner. It costs 3 to 50,000 won per pyeong, and in the case of bottom watering, hydrophilic non-woven fabrics, coco feet, Pit moss is placed on the floor and watering hoses can be used to supply nutrients and moisture, or a separate water tank and medium can be connected with a wick made of hydrophilic non-woven or cotton yarn. There is a problem that is difficult to manufacture due to complexity.

Temperature control uses heat insulation cover, double or triple curtain installation, water film device using ground water, diesel, briquettes, lignite, underground or ground hot water heating using solar heat, warm air heating, etc. The cost burden is high, so it costs 200,000 won, and the fuel cost is large.

Pest control is much less likely to occur compared to soil cultivation and is much easier to control, but due to the nature of cultivation, it is easy to spread rapidly on all packages because of centralized nutrient management if it is not initially controlled. In addition, the recovered nutrient solution is sterilized by ozone, filter, or high temperature heater, and the cost burden such as pesticide spraying equipment and pesticide purchase cost is also a problem, but health of workers who must work in confined spaces and consumer health problems due to residual pesticides. Is serious.

Finally, in the automatic centralized control management, in order to automatically manage temperature, light, moisture, and nutrients within the appropriate limits, various sensors and operating devices must be installed along with expertise and connected to the central control system. The total funds required for 1,000 square meters of glass greenhouses with all the facilities are about 40-500,000 won per pyeong, totaling about 400-500 million won.

The present invention has been devised in view of this point, a single cultivation vessel is configured to have a variety of functions and at the same time fully automated, semi-automatic, fully manual, bottom or top irrigation cultivation, individual cultivation or connected cultivation by container, etc. It is easy to adapt to various cultivation types, and if there is a facility to be added, it is easy and inexpensive to install, so that nutrient farms as well as soil cultivators can make full use of the existing facilities and facilities without any significant economic and technical burden. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cultivation container for cultivation of nutrient solution.

1 is an exploded perspective view of a cultivation container for cultivation of nutrient solution according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the cultivation container for cultivation of nutrient solution according to the present invention.

Figure 3 is a state connected in series the cultivation container for cultivation nutrient solution according to the present invention.

Figure 4 is a detailed view of each connection portion of the cultivation vessel for nutrient solution cultivation according to the present invention.

Figure 5 is a state in which the nutrient solution cultivation culture container according to the invention stacked up and down.

*** Explanation of symbols for main parts of drawing ***

10: bottom frame 11: wick tank

12: pumping water tank 13,13 ': pipe for cooling and heating

14,14 ': Car seat 15: Connector

15a: Female thread 15b: Male thread

16: gutter 17: rounded outer wall border

18: step 19: wick

20: badge support plate 21: oval or rectangular hole

22: fine hole 30: discharge tray

31: Medium 32: crop seedlings

P: prop

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail according to the present embodiment.

The cultivation container for nutrient solution cultivation according to the present invention has a micropore that functions as a bottom frame 10 having a large number of complex functions, and to prevent the depression of the medium 31, to improve the permeability of the underground part, and to prevent the inflow of the amniotic fluid flow path of the crop roots. A badge receiving plate 20, and a discharge tray 30 made of a soft synthetic resin folded to reduce the logistics cost.

At this time, the specification of the cultivation container for cultivation of nutrient solution according to the present invention will be configured in the range of 15 to 60 cm, length of 60 to 120 cm, height 15 to 37 cm, similar to conventional culture medium or cultivation box, the specific configuration of Figure 1 and Figure This will be described in detail below with reference to 2.

First, the bottom frame 10 is made of a box shape made of transparent or translucent synthetic resin so that the inside can be visually inspected, and the inner space is divided into three parts so that each space on both sides has a pest prevention function and a wick water moving wick (19). Wick tanks filled with charcoal, activated carbon, ganban stone and zeolite of 1 to 9 mm size, which are excellent in sterilizing and inhibiting pathogens, and are filled to a height directly connected to the bottom of the medium 31 to be added later. 11), the middle portion of the nutrient tank (12) to store the necessary water for 7 to 10 days on the basis of the growth phase, the temperature of the medium 31 in the upper portion between the wick tank 11 and the nutrient tank (12) Heating and cooling pipes 13 and 13 ′, which serve as high temperature sterilization, which are used for high temperature heating for sterilization of the medium 31 at the time of maintaining or changing the size, are installed on both sides of the other bottom frame 10 as shown in FIG. 3. Serially When water at a predetermined temperature is injected through the pipes 13 and 13 ', the water can be discharged by rotating all the series-connected vessels and then back in reverse order, and the upper surface of the pipes 13 and 13'. The plate is configured to be flat to serve as a horizontal frame for supporting the medium support plate 20 to be assembled later, and for this purpose, each pipe 13, 13 ′ is applied as a square pipe.

In addition, between the wick tank 11 and the amniotic fluid tank 12, each of the car seat sheet 14 (14 ') having a minute hole so as to pass through the air and moisture while the root of the crop cannot pass through, respectively. Connecting pipes 15 communicating with the outside of each side of the bottom frame 10 are drawn out from each of the pipes 13 and 13 'and the water supply tank 12, and each connecting pipe 15 has a female screw on one side as shown in FIG. (15a) and the other side is a male screw (15b) is configured to be convenient when connecting the other bottom frame 10 in series, each independent pipe 15 drawn out to both sides from the water supply tank (12) A lid (not shown) may be provided to serve as a drain.

In addition, the four corners and the middle portion of the side frame 10, the gutter (16) to vertically insert the prop (P) for various purposes such as insulation cover, light shielding net, crop support, manned string, multi-stage cultivation shelf and moving wheels In the multi-stage cultivation, the trough 16 is configured to block the middle portion so that the container can be combined from the top and the bottom, and the top outer wall edge 17 of the bottom frame 10 is placed on a medium to be placed later. Box 30 is formed to protrude round to the inside so that it can be elastically inserted and fixed without a separate adhesive, the upper end of the inner wall of the upper surface of the heating and cooling pipes 13, 13 'so that the discharge base plate 20 is assembled horizontally A step 18 is formed horizontally along the rim continuously.

The medium receiving plate 20 is made of hard synthetic resin, which is formed in the inner surface of the bottom edge of the bottom frame 10, that is, the area coinciding with the inner area of the forming step 18, the structure of the wick tank (11) The part covering the ceiling of the oval or rectangular hole 21 having a diameter or one side is arranged in a range of 1 to 5 cm so that the bottom surface of the medium 31 to be inserted later and the top surface of the already inserted wick 19 are smoothly contacted. It is configured to be easy to move, and the portion covering the ceiling of the amniotic fluid tank 12 of the bottom frame 10 drills a fine hole 22 at regular intervals, so that the amniotic fluid tank 12 invades crop roots or the depression of the medium 31. To prevent and, the air to be stored or forced to the upper portion of the amniotic fluid tank 12 is configured to be smoothly supplied to the root of the crop.

The medium input box 30 is a mulching that covers the entire upper surface of the medium 31 by folding a general medium 31 or a user-manufactured medium 31 and then suppressing excessive moisture evaporation and preventing invasion of foreign substances and pests. It is manufactured to a sufficient height by using a soft opaque synthetic resin to serve as a role, and its size is slightly smaller than the area of the rounded edge 17 formed in the base frame 10 so that no adhesive is used by using the elasticity of the soft synthetic resin. It is configured to be firmly inserted and fixed without using.

Reference numeral 32 in the drawings represents a crop seedling.

The nutrient solution cultivation container according to the present invention configured as described above is a nutrient solution supply device, a heating and heating pipe 13 consisting of a nutrient tank 12 and a wick tank 11, which requires a separate installation and requires a lot of investment in nutrient solution cultivation ( 13 '), the root seats 14 and 14', etc., which prevent the invasion of the amniotic fluid passage of the roots in perfect form, and on the outside, heat insulation cover, shading net, crop support, attracting Since the trough 16 is provided to easily install a rope, a multi-stage cultivation shelf, and a wheel for moving wheels, it is possible to reduce the cost required for the installation and to facilitate the installation, as shown in FIG. Charcoal, activated carbon, ganban stone, zeolite of 1 ~ 9mm size that is excellent in sterilization and suppression of pathogens while serving as a pest prevention function and a wick for transporting capillary water in the wick tanks 11 on both sides of the mold 10 Fill the medium support plate 20 on the top of the bottom frame 10 in the state filled with two or more and filled with the necessary nutrient solution for 7 to 10 days based on the growth period in the central nutrient tank (12), the medium thereon By placing the discharge container 30 including the 31, the nutrient tank in the nutrient tank 12 is gradually supplied uniformly to the crops by the capillary water movement through the wick tank 11, and the nutrient solution can be cultivated. When the discharge plate 20 is placed on the frame 10, the edge of the discharge plate 20 is fitted to the step 18 of the upper end of the inner wall of the bottom frame 10, and the step 18 and the heating / heating pipe 13 ( 13 ') is firmly supported by the top surface, and when the discharge box 30 is placed on the discharge plate 20 by the elasticity of the rounded protruding edge 17 of the bottom frame 10 Easy to insert but once inserted into the delivery tray 30 The side can be fixed firmly.

Although the cultivation container for nutrient solution cultivation according to the present invention may be used for independent cultivation, it is also convenient for large-scale nutrient solution cultivation, and may be used by connecting each cultivation container in series, as shown in FIG. As described above, each cultivation container may be stacked and used in multiple stages.

In the case of connecting each cultivation vessel in series, the connection pipe 15 drawn out from each of the cooling and heating pipes 13 and 13 ′ of the bottom frame 10 and the water supply tank 12 is connected to the bottom of the bottom frame 10. The connecting pipe 15 may be connected to each other. As shown in FIG. 4, each of the connecting pipes 15 has a female screw 15a (one of which has a packing material in the inner side and a nut fitted to be idle in the pipe) and the other side is a male screw. (15b) (the bolt formed with a screw to be screwed to the nut) so that the male screw (15b) of the one bottom frame 10 can be connected to the female screw (15a) of the other bottom frame 10, one bottom frame The female screw (15a) of (10) can be connected in series as long as desired by connecting with the male screw (15b) of another bottom frame 10, and connect the "U" shaped fitting pipe only at the end to the appropriate temperature Moisture with continuous circulation that all cultivation containers can be heated and sterilized at the same time And, since the nutrient tank 12 of each bottom frame 10 is connected through the connecting pipe 15, it is possible to move the nutrient solution to each bottom frame 10, this nutrient connection pipe (15) during independent cultivation It will act as an inlet or drain.

By connecting a large number of cultivation vessels such that temperature control and nutrient control can be performed simultaneously in all cultivation vessels, it means that fully automatic cultivation using a central control system is possible. In addition, semi-automation and fully manual operation for initial investment savings are possible. It is obvious that the method can be applied to all kinds of cultivation methods, such as cultivation, closed or ulceration of nutrient solution, independent cultivation for each container, and ureter cultivation for submerging the bottom part of the pot.

When each cultivation container is stacked in multiple stages up and down, the grooves 16 are formed at four corners of the bottom frame 10 and the middle portions of the side surfaces, respectively, so that the grooves 16 of each bottom frame 10 are the same. It can be stacked without any support frame by inserting a strut with a height (P), which is very advantageous for space utilization without any cost.

Hereinafter, the present invention is further embodied through the use of the cultivation container for nutrient cultivation according to the present invention.

Example 1

In order to cultivate nutrient solution using coco tomato as a solid medium in a fully automated method using cherry tomatoes on a 300 pyeong house, a cultivation container having a width of 25 cm, a length of 100 cm, and a height of 25 cm according to the present invention is prepared. After leveling the house soil evenly, connect 25 pairs of male and female nutrient transfer connectors and two pairs of heating and heating pipe connectors, each attached to each container 25 meters long, without any accessories, and then back to the central control system. It was connected to a water supply tank and a heating boiler device connected to each other.

After inserting the cocoite compressed medium that meets the container's specifications onto the top of the cultivation container, the water was fed centrally and controlled. After about 3 hours, all the medium expanded to the appropriate moisture state, and the tomato seedlings were transplanted at 30 cm intervals. The top of was folded on both sides, and the top surface of the medium was completely covered and mulched.

Styropol boxes, the most common method of cultivation, are glued to each other to prevent water from counting, and then a waterproof vinyl sheet is placed on top of them, a hole is placed in the drain hole, and the 25 mm coupling is used to install the vinyl sheet and styropol bed. Tighten them together to connect drains, and split the 70 mm PE regeneration tube into half-moon shapes and connect them upside down to match the length of the bed. The tinnitus-proof sheet that prevents penetration into the drainage channel is covered with a fine-grained Doda cloth, filled with medium only about half high, and then laid with two rows of Excel pipes for air-conditioning or sterilization. To fill the excel pipe with the main pipe of the underground heating boiler, Separately, the pipe for supplying the amniotic fluid should be piped in parallel with the bed and the drop hose or drip pin should be installed on each crop, and then the top surface of the medium should be mulched with black and white film. For this, about 150,000 won per pyeong, about 4500 for 300 pyeong It costs 10,000 won, while the installation work for 5 people to work for 7 days, compared to the above, the working capital required 70,000 won per pyeong, 300 pyeong 21 million won, the installation work was enough for 5 people a day work .

After planting, all management was carried out in accordance with the crop growth stage, and the amniotic fluid was calculated by injecting the amniotic fluid into the amniotic fluid tank of the bottom frame part of the present invention at once and calculating the required moisture and nutrients. All of them were evenly distributed, and after confirming visually that the amniotic fluid was absorbed through the transparent bottom frame, it was not supplied to the outside by using the method of supplying it again. The movement of the capillary water through the wick layer mixed with zeolite and charcoal, which acts as a wick, was absorbed evenly by all crops, and the cherry tomatoes grew evenly without any pests.

According to the practice method, the amount of amniotic fluid is increased by about 20% more than the small amount of crop, and the remaining amount is collected by the drain pipe attached to the bottom of the box, and then discarded or recovered and reused. This contrasted with the concern of bacterial contamination of amniotic fluids drained or drained on crops and the disinfection problem for reuse.

The heating of the low temperature heater was made by using a circular plastic strut having a diameter of 10 mm in the trough of the bottom frame according to the present invention to make an arcuate tunnel to cover the insulation cover, and then heated only the minimum space required by sending hot water to the built-in heating and cooling pipe. . The temperature between the vessels is 20-25 ℃ when the first input hot water temperature is 40 ℃ and 25 containers arranged in a row are sequentially.Then, in reverse order, 10-15 ℃ is discharged from the first vessel. As a result, the medium temperature of all the containers became uniform at 18 to 22 占 폚.

This reduced facility costs and fuel costs by more than 50%, compared to most conventional thermal insulation methods in which galvanized pipes with diameters of 25 mm or more were used to insulate the side or ceiling of the house with automated curtains.

In particular, the central water supply system uses a nutrient supply device to supply oxygen to facilitate root respiration and nutrient absorption at night, and to supply carbon dioxide gas during the day to promote carbon assimilation of foliar, Air was sent and hot air was sent during the cold season at night, which allowed the harvesting period to be seven days ahead of conventional practices, and production increased by 50%.

In other words, cultivation of low temperature in a closed house is forced to provide minimal ventilation in consideration of the temperature drop, so that carbon dioxide, an essential component of photosynthesis of foliar, is likely to be insufficient during the day, and oxygen, which is essential for breathing at the roots, at night. In the present invention, the problem of ventilation is difficult to solve completely by any method, such as drip pin, drip hose, ceiling or side-mounted ventilation fan, carbon dioxide generator, etc. It is possible to supply oxygen or carbon dioxide with appropriate temperature to the crop roots as needed as needed through a number of fine holes formed in the core sheet and the medium support plate that distinguishes the wick tank and the hydration tank of the bottom frame. It is possible to prevent the temperature drop due to ventilation, In addition to savings, the balanced growth of the underground and above-ground areas led to seven days of early harvesting and about 50% increase compared to conventional practices.

For reference, 'Theoretical Real Horticulture' (published by Korea Textbook, Co., Ltd., JBEdmond, TLSenn, FSAndrews, Airspace Pyo Hyun-guk, Kwak Sangman) On page 64, the 'Water Absorption Zone is composed of living cells, and these cells always breathe. do. Thus it continuously absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. Experiments show that replacing oxygen with nitrogen or carbon dioxide in the air in the soil reduces the absorption of moisture or stops it completely. The need for oxygen to absorb moisture emphasizes the need for adequate drainage, 'and on page 109,' Oil was supplied with air with a volume of 0.313% carbon dioxide, which is normally 0.03% air. The building weight increased by 60.0% compared to when it was supplied. Experiments with alpha waves, potatoes, tomatoes, beads, carrots, etc. also showed differences in growth. '

Example 2

Strawberries were cultivated in three stages as in Example 1, but separately purchased a synthetic resin round bar having a diameter of 10 mm corresponding to the diameter of the trough of the bottom frame according to the present invention and installed a bench at a distance of 50 cm from the ground, In case of installing multi-stage bench by purchasing materials made of prefabricated aluminum or steel, it costs 40,000 won per pyeong and 12 million won for 300 pyeong, whereas when installing using a gutter that can be inserted at the same time from above and below according to the present invention In the case of 20,000 won and 300 pyeong, it was possible to make 6 million won, which greatly saved the initial investment.

After the cultivation of strawberries, lettuce was grown next time. After removing the roots of the strawberries, mulching the upper surface of the medium and covering the insulating cover, and then supplying hot water at about 80 ° C. through the nutrient tank of the bottom frame according to the present invention for about 1 hour. Methyl bromide fumigant was supplied to the medium through the built-in amniotic fluid tank again and sealed for about 24 hours, and then completely sterilized. The broth was cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1, and the productivity was very good.

Due to the high temperature, the maximum daytime temperature in the house was over 35 ℃, and the crops were wilted by respiratory failure and high temperature virus. Thus, the groundwater of 18 ℃ was continuously supplied through the heating and cooling pipe. The temperature around the upper surface of the medium was lowered to 27 ° C, which resulted in a healthy growth and disappeared high temperature virus symptoms.

Example 3

In the early summer, which does not require additional heating, the melon was cultivated in a completely manual manner in a house where electric nutrient solution was difficult to grow due to the lack of electric drawing.

It was cultivated by leveling the floor horizontally and connecting the water tank connection pipe of the bottom frame to 30 m per 30 lines per line, and measuring the necessary nutrients and moisture a week through a large bucket After dilution, the mixture was injected at once through the water tank connector placed at the beginning of each row in a natural dropping manner so that all the rows were evenly distributed, and evenly distributed in the containers with constant water level between the containers. Compared with the melon growing in soil, soil cultivation had a great damage with water-receiving disease and insomnia. According to the present invention, the soil cultivation is completely blocked by the soil and the bacteria are inhibited by the zeolite and char used as a capillary transfer wick. Composting, weeding, tillage, soil disinfection, saltwater removal, mockup There is no significant difference between the purchase cost of the cultivation container according to the present invention which can be used for more than 3 years and the investment cost for the flat work of the soil, which is not necessary for soil cultivation, such as rice, and the cultivation environment is comfortable, and the number of spraying of pesticides The quality of melon was excellent and the output and income increased by more than 20%.

Since several crops are cultivated eight times in three years, the bottom frame and the medium support plate of the cultivation container according to the present invention can be used again because there is no problem at all. It was reinserted and used. Since it was not attached to the bottom frame with adhesive, it was very easy to remove and reduce the cost by 70% compared to replacing the whole.

As described above, the present invention has a built-in nutrient solution supply device, a pipe for cooling and heating in the medium, a car seat sheet to prevent the nutrient passage of the roots to penetrate the nutrient solution in a perfect form, and further installation in the cultivation process A gutter is provided to simplify the installation of necessary insulation cover, shading net, crop support, manned line, multi-stage cultivation lathe and wheeled wheel container. Fully automated cultivation using a control system, as well as semi-automated and fully manual cultivation to reduce initial investment costs, closed-circulation or ulceration of nutrient solution, independent cultivation by container, and urea cultivation to submerge the bottom of the pot There is a functional advantage that can be applied to all eggplant cultivation methods, As the frame is made of transparent or translucent material, it is possible to visually observe the underground part during the cultivation process, so it is easy to detect whether the underground plant is infested with pests, and can detect and respond appropriately at the early stage. It is possible to reduce the logistics cost by the discharge box of the badge, as well as the advantage in using the mulching can be done without the need for a separate mulching material.

Claims (2)

The box is made of transparent or semi-transparent synthetic resin. The inner space is divided into three parts, and each space on both sides forms a wick tank into which two or more kinds of charcoal, activated carbon, elvan, and zeolite of 1-9mm size are put. The middle part constitutes a nutrient tank in which amniotic fluid is stored, and an air-conditioning pipe is installed at an upper portion between the wick tank and the amniotic fluid tank, and a car seat with a minute hole is provided between the wick tank and the amniotic fluid tank, respectively. The outer four corners and the middle part of the side are vertically formed, while the middle part is formed with a clogged gutter, and the outer wall edge of the upper surface is formed to protrude roundly inward, and the upper end of the inner wall is horizontal with the upper surface of the heating and cooling pipe. Bottom frame continuously formed along the rim forming a step; The hard synthetic resin is used to make an area corresponding to the inner area of the stepped portion formed in the upper surface of the bottom frame, and the portion covering the ceiling of the wick tank has an oval or rectangular hole having a diameter or one side in a range of 1 to 5 cm. Arrangement, the portion covering the ceiling of the hydration tank is a discharge base plate arranged in a smaller hole than the hole of the portion covering the ceiling of the wick tank; And It is made of a soft opaque synthetic resin, it is made higher than the height of the medium for crop cultivation, and the medium containing the medium containing the medium to fold the portion coming up above the medium to cover the upper surface of the medium, characterized in that it comprises a medium input box Growing container for nutrient solution. The method of claim 1, A nutrient cultivation cultivation container, characterized in that each of the air-conditioning pipe and the water supply tank withdraws the connecting pipes to communicate with both sides of the outside of the bottom frame, each of the drawn out connection pipes form a female screw and the other side a male screw. .