JP2800897B2 - Optical amplifier - Google Patents

Optical amplifier

Info

Publication number
JP2800897B2
JP2800897B2 JP29755087A JP29755087A JP2800897B2 JP 2800897 B2 JP2800897 B2 JP 2800897B2 JP 29755087 A JP29755087 A JP 29755087A JP 29755087 A JP29755087 A JP 29755087A JP 2800897 B2 JP2800897 B2 JP 2800897B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
optical amplifier
layer
gain
well
electrons
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP29755087A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH01140781A (en
Inventor
直樹 茅根
和久 魚見
伸治 坂野
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Ltd
Priority to JP29755087A priority Critical patent/JP2800897B2/en
Publication of JPH01140781A publication Critical patent/JPH01140781A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2800897B2 publication Critical patent/JP2800897B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、光増幅器に係り、特に波長帯域が広く、出
力飽和の少ない光増幅器に関する。 〔従来の技術〕 従来から、半導体レーザの端面を無反射コートして、
端面から光を入射する光増幅器が研究されている。この
代表的な例は、第10回アイ・イー・イー・イー インタ
ーナシヨナル セミコンダクター レーザ コンフアレ
ンス「プログラム アンド アブストラクト オブ ポ
ストデツドライン ペーパーズ」第14頁から第15頁(10
th.IEEE International Semiconductor Laser Conferen
ceのProgram and abstract of post-deadline papers,P
D-5 p.14-15)に記載されている。従来の光増幅器は高
い増幅率を得ようとすると、高い電流密度で動作させる
必要があり、信頼性が低い欠点があつた。 〔発明が解決しようとする問題点〕 上記のように、従来の光増幅器は、動作電流密度低減
の点について配慮がされておらず、信頼性,実用性の面
で問題があつた。 本発明の目的は低い電流密度で動作する光増幅器を提
供することにある。 〔問題点を解決するための手段〕 本発明者等は光増幅器の動作電流低減のために光を増
幅する活性層を多重量子井戸構造とした光増幅器を提案
する。この構造は、バンドギヤツプの大きな障壁層とバ
ンドギヤツプの小さな井戸層が交互に複数個積層された
ものである。このうち、井戸層の厚みを電子のド・ブロ
イ波長以下に薄くすると、井戸層内の電子が2次元的に
閉込められることになる。このため、電子のエネルギ分
布が狭くなり、低い電流密度で高い利得が得られる。こ
のため光増幅器の動作電流密度に低減できる。 さらに井戸層、あるいは障壁層にn型不純物をドープ
すると、利得が得られる波長帯域が広くなり、しかも利
得−電流特性の傾きが小さいために、強い入射光でも利
得の飽和が小さい。 〔作用〕 上記した多重量子井戸構造では、活性層内の井戸層が
極めて薄いために、電子が2次元的に閉込められ、低い
電流密度で高い利得が得られる。 さらにこの構造にn型不純物をドープすると、男子の
エネルギー分布幅が広くなり、利得の得られる波長範囲
が広くなる。またこの時は、利得−電流特性の傾きが小
さいために、入射光強度が大きくなつても、利得の飽和
が小さい。さらに、過剰の電子のために極めて小さい注
入電子密度で利得が得られるため、動作電流密度はさら
に小さくなる。 〔実施例〕 以下、本発明の一実施例を第1図により説明する。図
は光増幅器の断面図である。n型GaAs基板(厚み100μ
m)1上に、n型Ga1-xAlxAsクラツド層(x=0.4,厚み
2μm)2を成長し、その上にアンドープGaAs井戸層3
(厚み100Å),アンドープGa1-yAlyAs障壁層4(y=
0.2,厚み80Å)を交互に複数層成長させる。次にp型Ga
1-xAlxAsクラツド層5(x=0.4,厚み2μm),p型GaAs
ギヤツプ層6(厚み0.5μm)を成長させる。次にp側
電極7,n側電極8を蒸着し、へき開とスクライブにより
素子に切り離す。へき開面にはSiO2,Si34,Al23など
の膜9をスパツタにより被着させ、端面反射率を1%以
下にする。この素子では、へき開面から光を入射させる
と、50mAでほぼ30dBの増幅率が得られた。これは同一構
造の従来のダブルヘテロ構造と比べ、半分の電流値であ
つた。 本発明の第2の実施例を第1図を用いて説明する。障
壁層4に4×1018cm-3のSeをドープした。このようにす
ると、発生した多数キヤリアである電子は井戸層に局在
化する。このため、電子は広いエネルギー範囲に分布
し、利得は広い波長範囲で得られる。利得20dB以上の波
長幅は200Åであつた。これは従来のダブルヘテロ構造
の場合と比べ、倍であつた。また利得−電流特性の傾き
が低いため、入力光強度が大きい時の利得飽和が小さ
い。利得が3dB減少する時の入力強度は、20dBmであつ
た。これは従来のダブルヘテロ構造の場合に比べ、10dB
以上大きかつた。 また利得が30dBとなる電流値は30mAであつた。これは
従来のダブルヘテロ接合構造に比べ、1/3以下であつ
た。 以上の効果は、2×1018cm-3から8×1018cm-3のドー
ピング密度で得られた。また活性層にドープしても効果
があつた。 以上の実施例はGaAlAs/GaAs系の材料で説明したが、
本発明はInGaAsP/InP系,InGaAs/InP系,InGaAs/InAlAs系
でも適用できることは明らかである。 〔発明の効果〕 本発明によれば、動作電流の小さい光増幅器が得られ
る。またn型ドーピングにより、波長幅を広く、利得飽
和を小さくでき、さらに動作電流を小さくできる。
Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an optical amplifier, and more particularly to an optical amplifier having a wide wavelength band and low output saturation. [Prior art] Conventionally, the end face of a semiconductor laser is coated with non-reflection,
Optical amplifiers that emit light from an end face have been studied. A typical example is the 10th IEE International Semiconductor Laser Conference “Program and Abstract of Post-Deadline Papers”, pages 14 to 15 (10
th.IEEE International Semiconductor Laser Conferen
ce's Program and abstract of post-deadline papers, P
D-5 p.14-15). In order to obtain a high amplification factor, the conventional optical amplifier has to operate at a high current density, and has a disadvantage of low reliability. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] As described above, the conventional optical amplifier does not consider reduction of the operating current density, and has problems in reliability and practicability. An object of the present invention is to provide an optical amplifier that operates at a low current density. [Means for Solving the Problems] The present inventors propose an optical amplifier in which an active layer for amplifying light has a multiple quantum well structure in order to reduce the operating current of the optical amplifier. In this structure, a plurality of barrier layers having a large bandgap and a plurality of well layers having a small bandgap are alternately stacked. When the thickness of the well layer is reduced to be equal to or less than the de Broglie wavelength of the electrons, the electrons in the well layer are confined two-dimensionally. For this reason, the energy distribution of electrons becomes narrow, and a high gain can be obtained at a low current density. Therefore, the operating current density of the optical amplifier can be reduced. Further, when the well layer or the barrier layer is doped with an n-type impurity, the wavelength band in which the gain can be obtained is widened, and the slope of the gain-current characteristic is small, so that the gain saturation is small even with strong incident light. [Operation] In the above-described multiple quantum well structure, since the well layer in the active layer is extremely thin, electrons are two-dimensionally confined, and a high gain can be obtained at a low current density. Further, when this structure is doped with an n-type impurity, the energy distribution width of boys is widened, and the wavelength range in which gain can be obtained is widened. Also, at this time, since the slope of the gain-current characteristic is small, even if the intensity of the incident light increases, the saturation of the gain is small. In addition, the operating current density is further reduced because gain is obtained at a very low injected electron density due to excess electrons. Embodiment An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. The figure is a sectional view of the optical amplifier. n-type GaAs substrate (100μ thick)
m) An n-type Ga 1-x Al x As clad layer (x = 0.4, thickness 2 μm) 2 is grown on 1 and an undoped GaAs well layer 3 is formed thereon.
(Thickness 100 mm), undoped Ga 1-y Al y As barrier layer 4 (y =
0.2, 80 厚 み) alternately. Next, p-type Ga
1-x Al x As clad layer 5 (x = 0.4, thickness 2 μm), p-type GaAs
A gap layer 6 (0.5 μm thick) is grown. Next, a p-side electrode 7 and an n-side electrode 8 are vapor-deposited, and cut into elements by cleavage and scribe. A film 9 of SiO 2 , Si 3 N 4 , Al 2 O 3 or the like is applied to the cleaved surface with a sputter to reduce the end face reflectance to 1% or less. In this device, when light was incident from the cleavage plane, an amplification factor of approximately 30 dB was obtained at 50 mA. This was half the current value as compared with the conventional double hetero structure having the same structure. A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The barrier layer 4 was doped with 4 × 10 18 cm −3 of Se. In this way, the generated electrons, which are majority carriers, are localized in the well layer. Therefore, electrons are distributed over a wide energy range, and gain is obtained over a wide wavelength range. The wavelength width with a gain of 20 dB or more was 200 °. This is twice as large as that of the conventional double hetero structure. Further, since the slope of the gain-current characteristic is low, the gain saturation is small when the input light intensity is high. The input power when the gain was reduced by 3 dB was 20 dBm. This is 10 dB compared to the conventional double heterostructure.
It was bigger. The current value at which the gain was 30 dB was 30 mA. This is 1/3 or less of the conventional double hetero junction structure. The above effects were obtained at doping densities of 2 × 10 18 cm −3 to 8 × 10 18 cm −3 . Also, the effect was obtained by doping the active layer. Although the above embodiments have been described with reference to GaAlAs / GaAs-based materials,
It is clear that the present invention can be applied to InGaAsP / InP, InGaAs / InP and InGaAs / InAlAs systems. According to the present invention, an optical amplifier having a small operating current can be obtained. Further, by n-type doping, the wavelength width can be widened, the gain saturation can be reduced, and the operating current can be further reduced.

【図面の簡単な説明】 第1図は、本発明による光増幅器実施例の縦断面図であ
る。 1……基板、2……クラツド層,3……井戸層、4……障
壁層、5……クラツド層、6……キヤツプ層、7,8……
電極、9……端面膜。
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of an optical amplifier according to the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... board | substrate, 2 ... clad layer, 3 ... well layer, 4 ... barrier layer, 5 ... clad layer, 6 ... cap layer, 7, 8 ...
Electrode, 9 ... End face film.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 坂野 伸治 東京都国分寺市東恋ケ窪1丁目280番地 株式会社日立製作所中央研究所内 (56)参考文献 特開 昭56−164588(JP,A) 特開 昭59−165480(JP,A) 特開 昭61−79281(JP,A) 特開 昭62−36887(JP,A) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.6,DB名) H01S 3/18 - 3/19──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Shinji Sakano 1-280 Higashi Koikebo, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo Inside the Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd. (56) References JP-A-56-164588 (JP, A) JP-A-59 -165480 (JP, A) JP-A-61-79281 (JP, A) JP-A-62-36887 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. 6 , DB name) H01S 3/18- 3/19

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】 1.電子のド・ブロイ波長以下の厚さを有する井戸層と
この井戸層よりバンドギャップの大きい障壁層を有する
多重井戸構造を有する光を増幅するための活性層を含
み、前記井戸層はアンドープであり且つ前記障壁層はn
型不純物を2×1018cm-3から8×1018cm-3の密度で含有
することを特徴とする半導体光増幅器。
(57) [Claims] An active layer for amplifying light having a multi-well structure having a well layer having a thickness equal to or less than the de Broglie wavelength of electrons and a barrier layer having a larger band gap than the well layer, wherein the well layer is undoped; And the barrier layer is n
1. A semiconductor optical amplifier comprising a type impurity at a density of 2 × 10 18 cm −3 to 8 × 10 18 cm −3 .
JP29755087A 1987-11-27 1987-11-27 Optical amplifier Expired - Fee Related JP2800897B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP29755087A JP2800897B2 (en) 1987-11-27 1987-11-27 Optical amplifier

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP29755087A JP2800897B2 (en) 1987-11-27 1987-11-27 Optical amplifier

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH01140781A JPH01140781A (en) 1989-06-01
JP2800897B2 true JP2800897B2 (en) 1998-09-21

Family

ID=17847993

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP29755087A Expired - Fee Related JP2800897B2 (en) 1987-11-27 1987-11-27 Optical amplifier

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2800897B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPWO2016143579A1 (en) 2015-03-06 2017-12-14 古河電気工業株式会社 Semiconductor optical device

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS56164588A (en) * 1980-05-23 1981-12-17 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> Semiconductor light amplifier
JPS58225680A (en) * 1982-06-23 1983-12-27 Nec Corp Semiconductor laser
JPS59165480A (en) * 1983-03-10 1984-09-18 Nec Corp Semiconductor light emitting element

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH01140781A (en) 1989-06-01

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