JP2759871B2 - Method and apparatus for dehumidifying greenhouse for greenhouse - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for dehumidifying a greenhouse for facility horticulture, and more particularly, to a method for dehumidifying a greenhouse for facility horticulture where the relative humidity is 90%.
% Or more) and a device for dehumidifying the greenhouse.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the cultivation of crops in greenhouses for greenhouse horticulture (hereinafter simply referred to as greenhouses), when the relative humidity in the greenhouse exceeds 90%, dew condensation tends to occur. Harm crops. For this reason, cooling dehumidifiers have been developed and actually used to dehumidify greenhouses.However, greenhouses have a larger target area than homes, etc. It has not spread widely. At present, alternative low-cost dehumidification methods are being studied.

[0003] Regarding dehumidification of low-cost greenhouses, heating dehumidification and ventilation dehumidification are considered.

First, regarding heating and dehumidification, this method is a method of lowering the relative humidity in the greenhouse by raising the room temperature of the greenhouse by heating. The advantage of this method is
It can be implemented at low cost with a heater. In many greenhouses, a heater is installed, so there is no need for new equipment other than a control device for heating and dehumidification, and the implementation is easy for greenhouse growers.

On the other hand, this method has several disadvantages. Although the relative humidity can be reduced by heating and dehumidifying, the absolute humidity (the amount of moisture in the air) does not change, and conversely, the absolute humidity may even increase depending on conditions. This is because when the relative humidity in the greenhouse decreases, the amount of water vapor evaporating from the crop increases, and the absolute humidity increases. In addition, there is a limit in humidity control in which the temperature is increased by using heating for growing the crop in terms of temperature management. In particular, when dehumidification is performed by this method when the outside air temperature is high, an excessive rise in room temperature is likely to occur.

Next, regarding the ventilation and dehumidification, this method is to remove the humidity of the greenhouse by discharging the humidity of the greenhouse to the outside of the greenhouse by ventilation. In this case, the effect of reducing the absolute humidity of the greenhouse can be obtained.

[0007] Due to the structure of the greenhouse, even if it is in the middle of winter, even if it is in winter, the temperature of the greenhouse becomes so high that it is not suitable for growing crops. Therefore, in most cases, the heat inside the greenhouse is released to the outside by ventilation. ing. That is, the greenhouse is provided with some form of ventilation. There are quite a lot of greenhouses in which the ventilation means are automated by automatic skylights and ventilation fans, etc., and if there is appropriate ventilation means, the cost is almost negligible, and it can be said that ventilation dehumidification is a ventilation method that can be easily introduced.

[0008] However, ventilation dehumidification has the same weakness as heating dehumidification. Ventilation dehumidification in a state where the outside air temperature is low may cause a decrease in room temperature with a decrease in humidity, and may increase the load on the heater. Also, if the outside air has a higher absolute humidity,
It has the opposite effect.

Furthermore, most of the ventilators installed in greenhouses have a main purpose of suppressing high temperature, so that a large amount of ventilation is required. Therefore, when the existing ventilator is used for ventilation and dehumidification, the ventilation is more than necessary. Easy to do. This can be understood from "Table 1", which shows the required ventilation for suppressing the high temperature, and "Table 2," which shows the required ventilation for eliminating (evaporating) evapotranspiration generated from the greenhouse. In other words, general greenhouse ventilation systems are introduced for the purpose of controlling high temperatures. However, as shown in Table 1, the ability to control high temperatures in spring, autumn, and in some cases high summer is required, Floor area 1,00
Generally it requires 1,000 m ³ / min or more in a greenhouse of 0 m ^2. On the other hand, when the greenhouse is in a high humidity state and needs to be dehumidified, it is at night when the greenhouse is closed. At this time, the required ventilation rate is 90 to 90% relative humidity as shown in Table 2.
If it is maintained at about 95%, it will be 100 to 200 m ³ / min in a greenhouse with a floor area of 1,000 m ² .

The conditions shown in Table 2 are calculated under conditions that the outside air relative humidity is 100% and the inside / outside temperature difference is 3 ° C. and the inside / outside absolute humidity difference is small and is disadvantageous for dehumidification by ventilation. It can be said that it is enough. In addition, there may be a condition where the absolute humidity difference between inside and outside is small, but when the temperature difference between inside and outside is smaller, and if it is always in such a state, it is not necessary to seal the greenhouse, opening ventilation windows and doors Opening the greenhouse by rolling up the covering material is performed as a normal management. That is, the ventilation required for dehumidification is 1/5 to 1/10 that of the ventilation required for high temperature suppression, and is often even smaller. For this reason, when performing ventilation and dehumidification with the existing ventilation equipment, it is necessary to adjust the ventilation volume by adjusting the opening angle of the ventilation window, etc., so that the room temperature does not drop too much due to excessive ventilation. Adjustment becomes more difficult as the ventilation decreases.

[0011]

As described above, in the method of dehumidifying a greenhouse, cooling dehumidification using a refrigerator, heating dehumidification using a heater, and ventilation dehumidification using ventilation are performed.

[0012] Cooling and dehumidifying is the most effective, but requires high equipment costs, and the spread of high-grade crops such as flowers and melons is very limited.

For heating and dehumidification, various control devices are commercially available. However, although the effect has been improved to some extent, the absolute humidity in the greenhouse cannot be lowered basically, and the room temperature tends to be excessively increased. This has an effect of reducing the absolute humidity in the greenhouse due to dew condensation on the greenhouse covering material when the outside air temperature is low, and works more synergistically with the effect of reducing the relative humidity by heating, so that the effect is easily exerted. However, when the outside temperature increases, dew condensation on the greenhouse coating material stops, and even if the relative humidity temporarily decreases due to heating, the absolute humidity does not decrease. As a result, the absolute humidity increases, and as a result, the relative humidity also increases. Therefore, a further rise in temperature is required to lower the relative humidity.The absolute humidity rise due to the decrease in relative humidity, and the temperature of the greenhouse coating material relatively decreases due to the increase in room temperature, and the absolute humidity due to the increase in dew condensation on the greenhouse coating material Room temperature will increase until a balance with the decrease is achieved. If the room temperature is excessively increased to lower the relative humidity in such a manner, the growth of the crop is adversely affected, so that the dehumidifying effect cannot be exhibited. Such a state is likely to occur in the morning when the outside temperature rises or in early spring.

[0014] Regarding ventilation and dehumidification, there is an aspect that it is difficult to introduce ventilating dehumidification because an increase in heating load or a sudden drop in room temperature is apt to occur, and a total heat exchange type ventilation fan and the like have been developed in order to prevent such dehumidification. Not very popular.

Therefore, the present inventors have considered a method for effectively dehumidifying while compensating for the disadvantages of both by combining heating and dehumidification performed by using a heater and ventilation and dehumidification by ventilation, and a device suitable for the method. .

[0016]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a greenhouse for horticulture in which dehumidification is carried out by using both heating and dehumidification using a heater and ventilation and dehumidification by ventilating the greenhouse. Measure humidity and temperature outside the greenhouse,
When the relative humidity of the greenhouse is higher than the set relative humidity set for the greenhouse, ventilation dehumidification is performed when the outside temperature is higher than the room temperature of the greenhouse, and heating is performed when the relative humidity of the greenhouse does not reach the set relative humidity after the set time. Dehumidification is also performed together, and when the outside air temperature is lower than the greenhouse room temperature, heating dehumidification is performed, and when the relative humidity of the greenhouse does not reach the set relative humidity even after the set time, ventilation dehumidification is also performed together. The problem is solved by providing a method for dehumidifying a greenhouse for greenhouse horticulture.

Another object of the present invention is to dehumidify a greenhouse for greenhouse horticulture by using both heating and dehumidification using a heater and ventilation and dehumidification by ventilating the greenhouse. When the relative humidity of the greenhouse is higher than the set relative humidity set for the greenhouse, when the outside air temperature is higher than the operation set temperature of the hot air heater set for the greenhouse, perform ventilation dehumidification, When the relative humidity of the greenhouse does not reach the set relative humidity even after the set time, heating dehumidification is also performed in combination, and when the outside temperature is lower than the operation set temperature of the hot air heater set for the greenhouse, heating dehumidification is performed, The present invention solves the problem by providing a method for dehumidifying a greenhouse for facility horticulture, wherein when the relative humidity of the greenhouse does not reach the set relative humidity even after the set time, ventilation and dehumidification are also performed.

[0018] The above object is further achieved by dehumidifying a greenhouse for facility horticulture by using both heating and dehumidification using a heater and ventilation and dehumidification by ventilating the greenhouse. Measure the temperature and relative humidity of
Absolute humidity is calculated from the temperature and relative humidity inside and outside the greenhouse, and when the relative humidity in the greenhouse is higher than the set relative humidity set for the greenhouse, when the absolute humidity outside the greenhouse is higher than the absolute humidity in the greenhouse, heating dehumidification is performed. When the absolute humidity outside the greenhouse is lower than the absolute humidity in the greenhouse and the outdoor temperature is higher than room temperature, perform ventilation dehumidification, and the absolute humidity outside the greenhouse is lower than the absolute humidity in the greenhouse.
In addition, when the outside air temperature is lower than room temperature, the problem is solved by providing a method for dehumidifying a greenhouse for facility horticulture, wherein both heating dehumidification and ventilation dehumidification are used.

[0019] Focusing on the device, the problem is, intake blower for introducing outside air into the sealed greenhouse and provided an exhaust shutter for discharging the greenhouse air, introduced outside air outside
The problem is solved by providing a dehumidifier for a greenhouse for facility horticulture, wherein the air introduction duct guides the air to a blower of a hot air heater in the greenhouse.

Further, the problem, distribution of hot air-integrated ventilation unit and an exhaust shutter for discharging the intake air shutter and greenhouse air introducing outside air in a greenhouse in the greenhouse
The ventilator of the ventilation unit integrated with a hot air blower is provided by providing a dehumidifier for a greenhouse for greenhouse use, wherein the air is sucked in from outside air and diffused from the hot air outlet into the greenhouse.

[0021]

In the first embodiment of the present invention, (1) when the outside air temperature is higher than room temperature, even if the outside air enters the greenhouse due to ventilation, an increase in the heating load and an increase in the relative humidity due to the lowering of the room temperature occur. Since there is no ventilation and dehumidification first, if the relative humidity in the greenhouse does not reach the set relative humidity even after the set time, the ventilation and dehumidification alone is not enough, so perform the heating and dehumidification together. When the temperature is low, if the outside air enters the greenhouse due to ventilation, the heating load increases and the relative humidity increases due to the lowering of the room temperature.Therefore, first heating dehumidification is performed, and after the set time, the relative humidity of the greenhouse reaches the set relative humidity. When the temperature does not reach, the heating and dehumidification alone is not enough, so that the ventilation and dehumidification are used together.

In the second embodiment of the present invention, (1) when the outside air temperature is higher than the set room temperature of the heater, the heating load does not increase as the room temperature decreases even if the outside air enters the greenhouse due to ventilation. Therefore, first perform ventilation dehumidification, and if the relative humidity in the greenhouse does not reach the set relative humidity after the set time, ventilation dehumidification alone is not sufficient, so heating and dehumidification are also used together. When the temperature is lower than the set room temperature, if the outside air enters the greenhouse due to ventilation, the heating load increases due to the lowering of the room temperature, so heating dehumidification is first performed, and the greenhouse relative humidity does not reach the set relative humidity even after the set time. In some cases, heating and dehumidification alone are not sufficient, so that ventilation and dehumidification are also used.

In the third embodiment of the present invention: (1) When the absolute humidity outside the greenhouse is higher than the absolute humidity in the greenhouse, the absolute humidity in the greenhouse rises when outside air enters the greenhouse by ventilation. (2) When the absolute humidity outside the greenhouse is lower than the absolute humidity in the greenhouse and the outdoor temperature is higher than room temperature, the absolute humidity in the greenhouse is reduced by ventilation, and the outside humidity is further reduced. Since the temperature rises, the room temperature also rises, so there is no need to heat and dehumidify because heating and dehumidification effects are provided only by ventilation. (3) When the absolute humidity outside the greenhouse is lower than the absolute humidity in the greenhouse and the outside temperature is lower than room temperature, Ventilation lowers the absolute humidity in the greenhouse, and heating compensates for the lowering of the room temperature, raises the room temperature, and lowers the relative humidity in the greenhouse.

In the fourth embodiment of the present invention, (1) When performing both heating dehumidification and ventilation dehumidification, heating is performed so that the room temperature is higher than the outside temperature by 2 to 4 ° C.
Irrespective of the humidity state inside and outside the greenhouse, the increase in the relative humidity of the greenhouse due to ventilation can be suppressed. This is due to the fact that condensation on crops and fogging in greenhouses are likely to occur at a relative humidity of about 90.
% When the room temperature is higher than the outside temperature of 2 to 5 ° C., and even when the relative humidity of the outside air is 100%, it is 9 when converted to room temperature.
This is due to the property of air that when the temperature rises by 1 ° C. in a general greenhouse temperature range, the relative humidity decreases by 5 to 6%. (2) In addition, by setting the heating and dehumidification in a range until the room temperature becomes higher than the outside temperature by 2 to 5 ° C., the heating load and the room temperature rise more than necessary can be suppressed.

In the first device of the present invention, (1) it is easy to introduce an air volume suitable for ventilation and dehumidification by an air blower or a shutter for introducing outside air into a sealed greenhouse. In other words, the introduced outside air can be quickly diffused throughout the greenhouse using a blower of a hot air heater in the greenhouse. Here, when the suction force of the blower of the warm air heater is strong, the intake blower can be omitted and the outside air can be introduced by opening and closing by the shutter. (2) Further, by opening the exhaust shutter and discharging the excess greenhouse air due to the introduction of the outside air, the outside air can be introduced smoothly, and furthermore, the swelling of the greenhouse due to the atmospheric pressure difference between the greenhouse and the outside can be suppressed. .

According to the second embodiment of the present invention, (1) the air intake shutter for introducing the outside air into the closed greenhouse is opened, so that the air blower of the hot air heater in the greenhouse is suitable for ventilation and dehumidification. The air volume can be introduced without excess or shortage and quickly diffused throughout the greenhouse. (2) Also, by discharging excess greenhouse air due to the introduction of outside air by opening the exhaust shutter,
The outside air can be introduced smoothly, and the swelling of the greenhouse due to a difference in atmospheric pressure between the outside and the greenhouse can be suppressed. (3) In addition, since these ventilators and heaters are integrated, installation and handling are easy, and the device is easy to introduce.

[0027]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present inventors have considered the synergistic effect of relative humidity reduction by heating and dehumidification and absolute humidity reduction by ventilation and dehumidification, and aimed at a more efficient and effective method, and focused on the temperature and humidity environment inside and outside the greenhouse. By changing the combination of heating dehumidification and ventilation dehumidification according to the temperature and humidity environment inside and outside the greenhouse, effective dehumidification can be performed while compensating for the disadvantages of both. As one method, when the absolute humidity outside the greenhouse is higher than the absolute humidity in the greenhouse, perform heating dehumidification, and when the absolute humidity outside the greenhouse is lower than the absolute humidity in the greenhouse and the outside temperature is higher than room temperature, perform ventilation dehumidification. When the absolute humidity outside the greenhouse is lower than the absolute humidity in the greenhouse and the outside air temperature is lower than room temperature, there is a dehumidifying method for a greenhouse for facilities that uses both heating dehumidification and ventilation dehumidification.

Further, the room temperature and relative humidity of the greenhouse and the temperature outside the greenhouse are constantly measured, and when the relative humidity of the greenhouse is higher than the set relative humidity set for the greenhouse, the external temperature is higher than the room temperature of the greenhouse. When the relative humidity of the greenhouse does not reach the set relative humidity after the set time, perform the heating and dehumidification together.When the outside air temperature is lower than the room temperature, perform the heating and dehumidification. When the relative humidity in the greenhouse does not reach the set relative humidity, there is a method of performing ventilation and dehumidification together.

Further, the room temperature and the relative humidity of the greenhouse and the temperature outside the greenhouse are always measured, and when the relative humidity of the greenhouse is higher than the set relative humidity set for the greenhouse, the outside air temperature is set for the greenhouse. When the temperature is higher than the set temperature of the hot air heater, ventilation dehumidification is performed.If the relative humidity of the greenhouse does not reach the set relative humidity after the set time, heating dehumidification is also performed, and the outside air temperature is set for the greenhouse. There is a method in which heating dehumidification is performed when the temperature is lower than the set operation temperature of the hot air heater, and ventilation dehumidification is also performed when the relative humidity in the greenhouse does not reach the set relative humidity after the set time.

When performing both heating dehumidification and ventilation dehumidification, there is a method of performing ventilation while heating so that the room temperature is 2 to 5 ° C. higher than the outside air temperature.

Further, it is desirable to use an apparatus suitable for performing the above-described dehumidifying method effectively. As one of the devices, an air blower or shutter for introducing outside air into a sealed greenhouse and an exhaust shutter for discharging surplus greenhouse air are provided, and the introduced outside air is heated by a hot air in the greenhouse. There is a dehumidifier that performs ventilation and dehumidification by guiding the air to the blower of the machine with a vinyl duct or the like.

Further, a hot air heater provided with an intake shutter for introducing outside air into a closed greenhouse and an exhaust shutter for discharging excess air in the greenhouse is used to supply the outside air to the hot air heater. There is a dehumidifier for greenhouses for greenhouses, which performs ventilation and dehumidification by sucking in with a blower and diffusing into a greenhouse.

Hereinafter, the dehumidifying method of the present invention will be specifically described. Heat dehumidification lowers the relative humidity by raising the room temperature. This is due to the nature of air, in which the relative humidity decreases by 5 to 6% when the temperature rises by 1 ° C. unless the amount of moisture in the air changes in the temperature range of a general greenhouse. On the other hand, the ventilation dehumidification reduces the absolute humidity by discharging the moisture in the greenhouse to the outside by ventilation. Dehumidification is performed by a combination of the two. However, in order to perform efficient dehumidification, it is necessary to consider not only the humidity but also the greenhouse environment including the temperature and the costs related to the facilities and operation.

The first embodiment of the present invention is carried out as shown in FIG. 5, in which 11 is a greenhouse for facility horticulture (hereinafter simply referred to as a greenhouse), 12 is a room temperature sensor, and 13 is a room. Relative humidity sensor, 14 is an outside air temperature sensor, 15 is a control means, 16 is an input unit, 17 is a control unit, 18 is an output unit, 19
Is a heating means (hot air heater), and 20 is a ventilation means (for example, a ventilation unit). In this embodiment, the room temperature sensor 12 and the outside air temperature sensor 14 are used to measure the room temperature Ti and the outside air temperature To of the greenhouse 11, and the indoor relative humidity sensor 13 is used to measure the relative humidity RHi in the greenhouse. Heating or dehumidification by the ventilation means 20. In the following sections, RHc is the relative humidity set in the greenhouse, Tc is the set room temperature of the heating means (operation set temperature), RHi is the relative humidity in the greenhouse, AHi is the absolute humidity in the greenhouse, Tj is the room temperature, RHo is the relative humidity outside the greenhouse, and AHo is the greenhouse. Outside absolute humidity To represents outside temperature.

When the relative humidity RHi in the greenhouse rises above the set humidity RHc: (1) When the outside air temperature To is higher than the room temperature Ti (To> T)
In (i), ventilation dehumidification is performed, and when the relative humidity RHi in the greenhouse does not reach the set relative humidity RHc even after the set time has elapsed, heating dehumidification is also performed. (2) When the outside air temperature To is lower than the room temperature Ti (To <T
In (i), heating and dehumidification are performed. If the relative humidity RHi does not reach the set relative humidity RHc even after the set time has elapsed, ventilation dehumidification is also performed. As described above, by switching the dehumidification method depending on the inside / outside temperature condition, the efficiency is slightly lowered, but the control is simplified and the dehumidification can be performed with low-cost equipment.

Explaining the case (1), when the outside air temperature To is higher than the room temperature Ti, if the outside air enters the greenhouse 11 due to ventilation, the room temperature Ti also rises, so that there is also a heating dehumidifying effect. First, ventilation dehumidification is performed because there is no increase in heating load. However, when the absolute humidity difference inside and outside the greenhouse is small or when the absolute humidity AHo outside the greenhouse is higher, the relative humidity inside the greenhouse 11 does not easily decrease. Therefore, when the relative humidity RHi does not reach the set relative humidity RHc even after the set time has elapsed, ventilation and dehumidification are also performed.

In the case (2), when the outside air temperature To is lower than the room temperature Ti, if the outside air enters the greenhouse 11 due to ventilation, the room temperature Ti is reduced and the heating load is increased. However, as the room temperature Ti increases, evapotranspiration from crops and the ground becomes active, and the relative humidity RHi in the greenhouse is increased.
May not be easily reduced. Therefore, even if the set time elapses, the relative humidity RHi of the greenhouse is set to the set relative humidity RHc.
If the temperature does not reach, perform ventilation and dehumidification together.

The above operation is shown in the flowchart of FIG.

The set time is set in the range of 10 to 60 minutes from the change in the relative humidity RHi in the greenhouse. The change in the relative humidity RHi in the greenhouse is affected by the structure and size of the greenhouse 11, the vegetation state of the crop, the outside air condition, the capacity of the dehumidifier, and the like. For example, when the greenhouse 11 is small and the crop is still small, the air in the greenhouse 11 is easily diffused and the evaporation and transpiration from the crop and the ground are small, so that the relative humidity RHi in the greenhouse easily changes in a short time due to heating or ventilation. Conversely, when the greenhouse 11 is large and the crop is large, the air in the greenhouse 11 is difficult to diffuse,
Since there is much evapotranspiration from crops and the ground, the relative humidity RHi in the greenhouse does not change immediately due to heating or ventilation, and unevenness is likely to occur. The set time is determined by the user in consideration of these points while watching the actual change in the relative humidity RHi in the greenhouse.

The measurement of humidity is more difficult than the measurement of temperature, and in particular, high-precision equipment is required to measure high humidity conditions with high accuracy. The present invention can be implemented at lower cost than the third embodiment of the present invention, and the introduction is relatively easy. However, wasteful dehumidifying operation increases and the efficiency slightly decreases.

The above operation is summarized with reference to FIG.
The room temperature sensor 12, the indoor relative humidity sensor 13 and the outside air temperature sensor 14 measure the temperature inside and outside the greenhouse and the relative humidity inside the greenhouse. When these data are input to the input unit 16 and subsequently input from the input unit 16 to the control unit 17, the control unit 17 determines a dehumidification method from each value of the data and sends a signal to the output unit 18. Then, an operation command is issued from the output unit 18 to the heating means 19 and the ventilation means 20, respectively.

The second embodiment of the present invention is carried out as shown in FIG. 6, in which the same parts as those shown in FIG. 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals. In this embodiment, the temperature inside and outside the greenhouse 11 is calculated using the room temperature sensor 12 and the outside air temperature sensor 14.
The relative humidity RHi of the greenhouse is measured by the indoor relative humidity sensor 12, and heating dehumidification or ventilation dehumidification is performed based on the state and the operation set temperature of the hot air heater 19 set for the greenhouse.

When the relative humidity RHi of the greenhouse rises above the relative humidity RHc set in the greenhouse: (1) When the outside air temperature To is higher than the operation set temperature Tc of the hot air heater 19 set for the greenhouse 11 (To> Tc) )
Performs ventilation dehumidification, and when the relative humidity RHi in the greenhouse 11 does not reach the greenhouse set relative humidity RHc even after the set time has elapsed, heating dehumidification is also performed. (2) When the outside air temperature Γo is lower than the operation set temperature Tc of the hot air heater 19 set for the greenhouse 11 (To <Tc)
Performs heating and dehumidification, and when the relative humidity RHi does not reach the set relative humidity RHc in the greenhouse even after the set time has elapsed, ventilation dehumidification is also performed. As described above, by switching the dehumidification method depending on the inside / outside temperature condition, the efficiency is slightly lowered, but the control is simplified and the dehumidification can be performed with low-cost equipment.

In the case of (1), the outside air temperature To
When the temperature is higher than the operation set temperature Tc of 9, since the heating load which is a problem in ventilation dehumidification does not increase, ventilation dehumidification is performed first. However, when the absolute humidity difference inside and outside the greenhouse is small or when the absolute humidity AHo outside the greenhouse is higher, the relative humidity RHi in the greenhouse does not easily decrease. Therefore, even if the set time elapses, the relative humidity RHi of the greenhouse becomes the relative humidity RH set in the greenhouse.
If the value does not reach c, perform ventilation and dehumidification together.

In the case of (2), the outside air temperature To
When the temperature is lower than the operation set temperature Tc of 9, if the outside air enters the greenhouse 11 due to ventilation, the room temperature decreases and the heating load increases. However, evapotranspiration from crops and the ground may increase with an increase in the room temperature Ti, and the relative humidity RHi in the greenhouse may not be easily reduced. Therefore,
When the greenhouse relative humidity RHi does not reach the greenhouse set relative humidity RHc even after the set time has elapsed, ventilation and dehumidification are also performed together.

The above operation is shown in the flowchart of FIG.

The set time is set in the range of 10 to 60 minutes from the change in the relative humidity RHi in the greenhouse. The change in the greenhouse relative humidity RHi is affected by the structure and size of the greenhouse 11, the vegetation state of the crop, the outside air condition, the capacity of the dehumidifier, and the like. For example, when the greenhouse 11 is small and the crop is still small, the air in the greenhouse 11 is easily diffused and the evaporation and transpiration from the crop and the ground are small, so that the relative humidity RHi in the greenhouse easily changes in a short time due to heating or ventilation. Conversely, when the greenhouse 11 is large and the crops are large, the air in the greenhouse 11 is difficult to diffuse and there is also a large amount of evapotranspiration from the crops and the ground. Also easily occur. The set time is determined by the user in consideration of these points while watching the actual change in the relative humidity RHi in the greenhouse.

This method is a simple and low-cost dehumidification method as in the first embodiment. However, when comparing the outside air temperature To with the room temperature Ti as in the first embodiment, the room temperature is not affected by solar radiation during the day. When the room temperature Ti is higher than the outside temperature To and the room temperature Ti is low even at night, especially when the room temperature Ti is low, the room temperature Ti is often higher than the outside temperature To due to heat transfer from the ground. Depending on the cultivation form, for example, ventilation dehumidification is not performed and heating dehumidification is almost complete. In such a case, the outside air temperature To is compared with the operation set temperature Tc of the hot air heater 19 to determine the outside air temperature To.
Compared with the room temperature Ti, the chance of ventilation and dehumidification increases, and more efficient dehumidification can be performed. However, it is necessary to input the operation set temperature Tc of the hot air heater 19 that changes depending on the crop and the growth situation not only to the hot air heater 19 but also to the dehumidifier.

The above operation is summarized with reference to FIG.
The indoor relative humidity sensor 12 measures the indoor relative humidity, and the outside air temperature sensor 13 measures the outside air temperature. These data are input unit 1
6, the input unit 16 outputs a signal to the control unit 17, and the control unit 17 determines a dehumidification method from each value of the data and sends a signal to the output unit 18. Next, the output unit 18 issues an operation command to the heating unit 19 and the ventilation unit 20. Control means 15
It is necessary to input the set room temperature (operation set temperature) of the heating means, which is input manually or by issuing a signal from the heating means 19.

In the third embodiment of the present invention, the temperature and relative humidity inside and outside the greenhouse are measured, and the following items are detected directly or by calculation using a microprocessor or the like. I do. Greenhouse temperature (room temperature) ... Ti Greenhouse relative humidity ... RHi Greenhouse absolute humidity ... AHi Greenhouse outside temperature (outside temperature) ... To Greenhouse outside relative humidity ... RHo Greenhouse outside humidity ... AHo

When the relative humidity RHi in the greenhouse rises above the set humidity RHc: (1) When the absolute humidity AHo outside the greenhouse is higher than the absolute humidity AHi in the greenhouse, heating dehumidification is performed. (2) When the absolute humidity AHo outside the greenhouse is lower than the absolute humidity AHi in the greenhouse and the outside air temperature To is higher than the room temperature Ti, ventilation dehumidification is performed. (3) When the absolute humidity AHo outside the greenhouse is lower than the absolute humidity AHi in the greenhouse and the outside air temperature To is lower than the room temperature Ti, the heating dehumidification and the ventilation dehumidification are performed in combination. in this way,
More efficient dehumidification can be performed by switching the dehumidification method depending on the inside and outside temperature and humidity conditions.

In the case (1), when the absolute humidity AHo outside the greenhouse is higher than the absolute humidity AHi in the greenhouse, the absolute humidity AHi in the greenhouse rises when the outside air enters the greenhouse 11 by ventilation. I do. In the example of (2), when the absolute humidity AHo outside the greenhouse is lower than the absolute humidity AHi in the greenhouse and the outdoor temperature To is higher than the room temperature Ti, if the outside air enters the greenhouse 11 by ventilation, the absolute humidity AHi in the greenhouse becomes Since the outside temperature To is high and the room temperature Ti also rises, there is also a heating dehumidification effect, and only ventilation dehumidification is performed. In (3), when the absolute humidity AHo outside the greenhouse is lower than the absolute humidity AHi in the greenhouse and the outside air temperature To is lower than the room temperature Ti, the absolute humidity AHi in the greenhouse is reduced by ventilation, and the absolute humidity ATi is further reduced by heating. Compensate for drop and room temperature T
In order to raise i and lower the relative humidity AHi in the greenhouse,
Use both ventilation and heating dehumidification.

The above operation is shown in the flowchart of FIG.

The above operation will be described with reference to FIG. In the figure, the same parts as those shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals, 17A is an arithmetic control unit, and 21 is an outside air relative humidity sensor. Room temperature sensor 12, indoor relative humidity sensor 13,
The outside air relative humidity sensor 21 measures the temperature and relative humidity inside and outside the greenhouse, and when these data are input to the input unit 16, the input unit 16 outputs them to the arithmetic control unit 17A. The arithmetic and control unit 17A calculates and compares the absolute humidity in and out of the greenhouse from each value of these data, determines the dehumidification method, and sends a signal to the output unit 18. Put out.

Although the inventors of the present invention judge that the method of the third embodiment is almost perfect, the number of installation parts increases and the apparatus becomes expensive.

In the fourth embodiment of the present invention, when heating dehumidification and ventilation dehumidification are performed in combination, the room temperature Ti
Ventilate while heating to 2-5 ° C higher than o. In this way, by performing ventilation while keeping the inside / outside air temperature difference within the range of 2 to 5 ° C., the reverse increase of the indoor relative humidity RHi due to the ventilation, the increase in the heating load more than necessary, and the increase in room temperature can be performed in a simpler manner. Can be prevented.

In the above description, dew condensation on crops and generation of haze in the greenhouse 11 are likely to occur when the relative humidity is about 90% or more. Therefore, if the room temperature Ti is kept higher than the outside temperature To within the range of 2 to 5 ° C., even if the relative humidity RHo of the outside air is 100%, the room temperature Ti
Since it is 90% or less when converted to the above, it is possible to prevent the room relative humidity RHi from being increased by the ventilation. This is due to the nature of air, in which the relative humidity decreases by 5 to 6% when the temperature rises by 1 ° C. in a general greenhouse temperature range. This method can easily prevent the greenhouse humidity from increasing depending on the humidity state inside and outside the greenhouse during ventilation dehumidification.

Further, the heating and dehumidifying may be performed such that the room temperature is 2 to outside temperature.
Since the temperature rises by 5 ° C., the heating load and the room temperature can be prevented from increasing more than necessary. However, in any of the first to fourth embodiments, the upper limit temperature determined by the operator according to the crop or the cultivation method can be input for the room temperature, and the heating and dehumidification is performed within the range where the room temperature does not exceed the upper limit temperature.

In practicing the method of the present invention, two devices are used . The first device with reference to FIG. 8 described result,
Figure 8 is a view of the ventilation means 20 shown in FIGS. 5-7, a plan view, respectively and FIG. (A) (b) ventilation means 20, the front shown in partial cross-section of the installation example of the ventilator 20 In the figure,
The same parts as those shown in FIGS.
1 outside air inlet port, 22 is the external air outlet, 23 outside air intake write blower, 24 indoor air suction plug mouth, 25 indoor air outlet, 26 a shutter, a motor for the shutter opening and closing 27, 2
8 is a duct for introducing outside air, 29 is a duct for discharging indoor air, 31 is a burner, 32 is a blower, 33 is a hot air outlet,
34 is a control panel, 35A and 35B are curtains, and 36 is a mount for position adjustment for installing the ventilation means 20.
In operation of the ventilation means 20 of FIG. 8, the outside air indicated by the blower 23 for outside air inlet is I it intake included in the arrow direction from the outside air inlet port 21 from the outside air outlet 22 into the greenhouse
Blow in the direction of the arrow . Open the shutter 26 operates the shutter opening and closing motor 27 at the same time outside air inlet blower 23 is operated, the room the greenhouse air indicated by V became surplus in the greenhouse
Air suction port 24 from the direction of the arrow to the intake included indoor air outlet 2
Blow out from 5 in the direction of the arrow . Alternatively, a configuration in which the shutter 26 is opened by moving the shutter opening / closing motor 27 in place of the above-described operation so that the shutter 26 is naturally blown out due to a difference between the inside and outside air pressures may be employed. Such a configuration is possible because, recent greenhouse is because being made in a sealed state to the extent that the greenhouse is inflated when writing intake subsequently outside air into the greenhouse. In some cases, without using outside air intake write blower 23, the same shutter as the shutter 26 (not shown) provided in the outside air suction plug mouth 21, may be sucking the outside air through the shutter.

[0060] Referring to FIG. 8 (b), the outside air ventilating means 20 sends <br/> is supplied as indicated by the arrow I to the air inlet of the blower 32 of the heating means (warm air heater) 19. For this purpose, when applying take ventilator 20 in greenhouse 11, arranged as the outside air introduction duct 28 and the indoor air discharge duct 29 is greenhouse 11, through the curtain 35A and 35B
Then , the outside air is guided to the blower 32 of the heating means (hot air heater) 19 as indicated by an arrow I in the outside air introduction duct 28. The blower 32 draws in the outside air I and the room air V at the same time, blows out the hot air from the hot air outlet 33 as hot air, and diffuses it throughout the greenhouse 11.

[0061] When the ventilation dehumidification outside air inlet blower 23 or shutter to introduce outside air I into sealed greenhouse 11
(Not shown) and an exhaust shutter 26 for discharging air in the greenhouse are provided, and the introduced outside air is guided to the blower 32 of the heating means (hot air heater) 19 in the greenhouse by the outside air introduction duct 28. utilizing dehumidifier in FIG. 8 to ventilate dehumidification
The following effects are obtained . (I) Outside air suction for introducing outside air I into the sealed greenhouse 11
The air blower 23 or the shutter facilitates the introduction of an air flow suitable for ventilation and dehumidification without excess or deficiency, and the introduced outside air I is blown by the blower 32 of the hot air heater 19 in the greenhouse 11.
To the outside air introduction duct 28, and direct this outside air to the blower 3.
2 can be rapidly spread throughout the greenhouse 11 from the warm air blowing port 33 have use of. (Ii) Surplus greenhouse air V due to introduction of outside air I
The by discharging by the shutter 26 for the exhaust smoothly be introduced outside air I, it can be further suppressed swelling of the greenhouse according to the greenhouse and outside air pressure difference.

The device shown in FIG . 8 can perform ventilation and dehumidification more efficiently than the conventional ventilation device . (A) Since the ventilation amount is suitable for ventilation and dehumidification, the ventilation load is increased by performing ventilation more than necessary. Less is. Also, a small ventilation in also utilizing the air blower 32 of the hot air heater 19, the outside air I introduced greenhouse 11 can be quickly spread throughout, it is possible to suppress the temperature unevenness and humidity irregularities, (b The high humidity of the greenhouse 11 is more likely to occur as the degree of hermeticity of the greenhouse increases, so that the introduction of the outside air I causes the excess of the greenhouse air V, and the greenhouse pressure becomes higher than the outside pressure, which hinders smooth introduction of the outside air. The air in the greenhouse is exhausted by the exhaust shutter 26 to prevent the greenhouse from being blown or the greenhouse from expanding. Also, to prevent unnecessary air exchange between the greenhouse and outside,
Exhaust shutter are simultaneously operated with the suction blower Luke,
Or to operate only when the greenhouse and outside air pressure difference exceeds a specific.

[0063] The second device by integrating the heater and ventilation unit of the first device described above, the phrase friendliness performed becomes easier installation and handling. The second device will be described with reference to FIG.

In FIG. 9, the same parts as those shown in FIGS. 5 to 8 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and FIGS.
Front view showing a partial cross section of the second device, and a heater-integrated ventilation
It is a front view which shows the partial cross section of the example of installation of a unit, In the figure, 41 is an outside air inlet, 42 is an indoor air inlet, 43 is an indoor air inlet, 44 is an indoor air outlet, 45 is an outdoor air shutter. , 46 is a motor, 47 is a discharge shutter, 48
The motor, 51 the heating-integrated ventilation unit, 52 outside air intake plug mouth, the 53 room air suction port 54 room air inlet port, 55 outside air introduction duct, 56 a room air discharge duct.

Referring to FIG. 9A, the motor 46 operates to open the outside air shutter 45 and guide the outside air I from the outside air suction port 41 to the blower 32 in the direction of the arrow. Operation at the same time as the motor 48 of the motor 46 is operated to open the discharge shutter 47, blowing air became surplus in the greenhouse 11 from suction inclusive discharging indoor air discharge date 44 from the indoor air inlet 43.
Outside air is sucked by the blower 32, Ru is diffused throughout the greenhouse from the warm air blowing port 33.

The ventilation unit 51 integrated with a heater is connected to the greenhouse 11.
When installing the greenhouse 11 , the outside air introduction duct 55 and the indoor air discharge duct 56 are connected to the outer wall of the greenhouse 11 , the curtain 35A, and the like .
And 35B, and the outside air is introduced into the greenhouse and the outside air is introduced into the inside of the greenhouse by the outside air introduction duct 55 and the inside air exhaust duct 56, respectively.

[0067]

As described above, according to the present invention,
By performing heating dehumidification and ventilation dehumidification in combination, low-cost and efficient dehumidification of a greenhouse can be performed. It also becomes a more efficient method by selecting a combination from the temperature and humidity inside and outside the greenhouse, and selecting a combination based on the temperature inside and outside the greenhouse makes the method somewhat less efficient but easier to introduce at a lower cost. Also,
More efficient dehumidification is possible with a device suitable for ventilation and dehumidification.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flowchart for implementing a method according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart for implementing a method according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart for implementing a method according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart for implementing a method according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing an arrangement of the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing an arrangement of a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing an arrangement of a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 8A and 8B are views of a first apparatus for performing the method of the present invention, wherein FIG. 8A is a plan view and FIG. 8B is a front view showing a partial cross section.

9A and 9B are views of a second apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention, wherein FIG. 9A is a front view showing a partial cross section, and FIG. 9B is an example of an installation example of a ventilation unit integrated with a heater. It is a front view which shows a partial cross section.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Greenhouse 12 Room temperature sensor 13 Indoor relative humidity sensor 14 Outside air temperature sensor 15 Control means 16 Input part 17 Control part 17A Operation control part 18 Output part 19 Heating means (Hot air heater) 20 Ventilation means (Ventilation unit) 21 Outside air suction port Reference Signs List 22 outside air outlet 23 outside air suction blower 24 indoor air suction port 25 indoor air outlet 26 shutter 27 shutter opening / closing motor 28 outside air introduction duct 29 indoor air exhaust duct 31 burner 32 blower 33 hot air outlet 34 control panel 35A, 35B curtain 36 frame 41 external air inlet 42 indoor air inlet 43 indoor air inlet 44 indoor air outlet 45 outside air shutter 46 motor 47 discharging shutter 48 motor 51 Heating-integrated ventilation unit 52 outside air intake plug mouth 53 room air suction write port 54 indoor air intake write port 55 Duct for introducing outside air 56 Duct for discharging indoor air

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] When dehumidifying a greenhouse for institutional use using both heating and dehumidification using a heater and ventilation and dehumidification by ventilating the greenhouse, the room temperature and the relative humidity of the greenhouse and the temperature outside the greenhouse are constantly determined. When the relative humidity of the greenhouse is higher than the set relative humidity set for the greenhouse, perform ventilation dehumidification when the outside air temperature is higher than the room temperature of the greenhouse. When the temperature does not reach, the heating and dehumidification are also performed.When the outside air temperature is lower than the room temperature, the heating and dehumidification are performed. When the relative humidity in the greenhouse does not reach the set relative humidity even after the set time, the ventilation and dehumidification is also performed. A method for dehumidifying a greenhouse for greenhouse horticulture. 2. Dehumidifying a greenhouse for greenhouse horticulture by using both heating dehumidification using a heater and ventilation dehumidification by ventilating the greenhouse, wherein the room temperature and the relative humidity of the greenhouse and the air temperature outside the greenhouse are always determined. When the relative humidity of the greenhouse is higher than the set relative humidity set for the greenhouse, and when the outside air temperature is higher than the set temperature of the hot air heater set for the greenhouse, ventilation dehumidification is performed. When the relative humidity in the greenhouse does not reach the set relative humidity, heating and dehumidification are also performed.When the outside temperature is lower than the set temperature of the hot air heater set for the greenhouse, heating and dehumidification are performed. A method for dehumidifying a greenhouse for facility horticulture, wherein ventilation and dehumidification are also performed when the relative humidity of the greenhouse does not reach the set relative humidity. 3. Dehumidifying a greenhouse for greenhouse horticulture by using both heating dehumidification using a heater and ventilation dehumidification by ventilating the greenhouse, wherein the room temperature and the relative humidity of the greenhouse and the air temperature outside the greenhouse are constantly determined. The relative humidity is measured, and the absolute humidity is calculated from the temperature inside and outside the greenhouse and the relative humidity.If the relative humidity of the greenhouse is higher than the set relative humidity set for the greenhouse, the absolute humidity outside the greenhouse is higher than the absolute humidity of the greenhouse. When the absolute humidity outside the greenhouse is lower than the absolute humidity in the greenhouse and the outdoor temperature is higher than room temperature, perform ventilation dehumidification when the absolute humidity outside the greenhouse is lower than the absolute humidity in the greenhouse. A method for dehumidifying greenhouses for facility horticulture, wherein heating and ventilation dehumidification are used together when the temperature is lower than room temperature. 4. The facility according to claim 1, wherein when performing both heating dehumidification and ventilation dehumidification, ventilation is performed while heating so that the room temperature is 2 to 5 ° C. higher than the outside air temperature. Gardening greenhouse dehumidification method. 5. An air blower (23) for introducing outside air into a sealed greenhouse (11) and an exhaust shutter (26) for discharging air in the greenhouse are provided, and the introduced outside air is supplied to an outside air guide.
Hot air heater in greenhouse (11 ) by input duct (28)
(19) A dehumidifier for a greenhouse for horticulture, wherein the dehumidifier is guided to the blower (32 ) of (19) . 6. A ventilation unit (5 ) integrated with a hot air blower, comprising an intake shutter (45) for introducing outside air into the greenhouse (11) and an exhaust shutter (47) for discharging air in the greenhouse.
1) is placed in the greenhouse, and a ventilation unit integrated with a hot air
The blower (32 ) of (51) sucks in outside air and blows out hot air.
(33) A dehumidifier for a greenhouse for facility horticulture, wherein the dehumidifier diffuses into the greenhouse from (33) .