JP2757333B2 - Method and apparatus for airflow separation of solid matter - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for cutting a coil for an electromagnet or a covered electric wire, such as copper, which is mixed in a crushed mixture of bulky waste such as waste home electric appliances and end-of-life vehicles. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for separating needles from other non-needles for recycling, and more particularly to a method of air flow separation of solids that efficiently separates dry matter by utilizing the difference in their shapes. And an apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Metallic needles, such as copper wires, obtained by crushing and cutting various kinds of coated electric wires and motors, are used to cut electric wire covering materials, such as polyvinyl chloride, and motors. Efficient and accurate separation from other non-needle-like crushed mixtures such as fixed frames, protective covers, rotor cores is difficult with conventional wind, jig, table, fluidized bed, cyclone sorting technologies . For this reason, the present inventors have developed a technology for separating by dry method using an air current, and have previously proposed it as Japanese Patent Application No. 6-74300.
There is a demand for the development of a technique for performing simpler and more accurate sorting.

[0003]

A technical object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for airflow separation of solids capable of efficiently and efficiently separating needles and non-needles in a crushed mixture by a dry method. Is to provide. Further, the technical problem of the present invention is that a solid material that can be easily and accurately separated from needle-like materials and non-needle-like materials in a crushed mixture by using the behavior of needle-like materials in an air stream. An object of the present invention is to provide an airflow sorting method and an apparatus therefor.

[0004]

According to the present invention, there is provided a method for air flow separation of solids, comprising the steps of: forming a cross-sectional area of a flow passage above a mesh plate for separating needles through a flow area of a crushed mixture; In an airflow sorting tower provided with an airflow velocity controlling upper constriction cylinder that constricts an airflow velocity adjusting lower constriction cylinder that constricts a flow path cross-sectional area immediately below the mesh plate, a needle-shaped object is provided in a flow region on the mesh plate. And supplying the crushed mixture of the non-needle-like material, and supplying the airflow that rises the airflow separation tower from the side of the airflow separation tower below the lower constriction tube, thereby causing the crushed mixture to flow in the flow area, In the meantime, the needle-shaped material that stalls and falls in the longitudinal direction in the direction of gravity is dropped below the mesh plate through the mesh plate, collected at the lower part of the airflow separation tower, and the lightweight material in the crushed mixture is removed at the upper part of the airflow separation tower. Levitate and discharge Together, is characterized in that the crushed mixture repeatedly flow in flow area on the mesh plates, Ruru successively drained through the discharge port facing the flow field formed in the air flow sorting column side wall.

[0005] In the above-mentioned airflow separation method, the crushed mixture discharged through an outlet provided in the side wall of the airflow separation tower is subjected to
It is supplied onto the mesh plate in the next stage of the airflow separation tower, the needle-like material is again dropped below the mesh plate by the same method, collected at the lower part of the airflow separation tower, and the light-weight material is collected at the upper part of the airflow separation tower. The crushed mixture, which is floated and discharged in the flow area on the mesh plate and repeatedly flows in the flow area on the mesh plate, can be sequentially discharged through the discharge port on the side wall of the gas flow separation tower.

[0006] Further, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the air flow separation device of the present invention passes through the cylindrical air flow separation tower when the needle-like material in the crushed mixture has its longitudinal direction oriented in the direction of gravity. A mesh plate for separating needle-like objects is provided, and an upper constriction cylinder for airflow velocity control, which constricts the cross-sectional area of the flow path through the flow area of the crushed mixture, is provided above the mesh plate, and flows immediately below the mesh plate. Providing a lower constriction cylinder for airflow velocity adjustment to narrow the road cross-sectional area, and opening a supply port for supplying the crushed mixture above the upper constriction cylinder on the side wall of the airflow separation tower,
An airflow supply port for supplying an airflow that rises in the airflow separation tower is opened below the narrowed cylinder at the lower side of the airflow separation tower side wall, and falls below the airflow separation tower through the mesh plate below the airflow separation tower. A collection unit for collecting needles is provided, and a separation unit for separating and discharging the light-weight material in the crushed mixture is provided at the upper part of the gas flow separation tower, and a discharge port for the crushed mixture facing the flow area is provided on a side wall of the gas flow separation tower. It is characterized by having.

[0007] In the above-mentioned air flow separation apparatus, the outlet of the crushed mixture provided on the side wall of the air flow separation tower is opened to the supply port of the crushed mixture on the mesh plate in the next-stage air flow separation tower having the same configuration, The needle-like material can be collected in the collecting section at the lower part of the airflow separation tower.

[0008] In the airflow separation of the crushed mixture by the above method and apparatus, when an airflow of a required flow rate is supplied from the airflow supply port, the narrowing of the flow path in the lower narrowing cylinder immediately below the mesh plate and the upper narrowing cylinder above the mesh plate. This increases the speed of the airflow. Therefore, when the crushed mixture of the needle-like material and the non-needle-like material is supplied from the supply port of the crushed mixture, the light-weight material of the crushed mixture does not fall downward from the upper constricted cylinder portion, and the upper portion of the airflow separation tower does not fall. The needles and non-needles are caused to flow by the airflow rising from below in the flow area on the mesh plate, and float and stall. Again, in the meantime, the light-weight object floats above the airflow separation tower through the high flow rate portion of the upper constriction cylinder and is separated.

Crushed mixtures flowing in an air stream on a mesh plate tend to tilt when they stall and fall in the air stream, especially so that the needles in the crushed mixture have their longitudinal direction oriented in the direction of gravity. In this way, the needle-shaped object whose longitudinal direction is oriented in the direction of gravity has a significantly reduced levitation force in the airflow,
For this reason, it stalls and falls, passes through the mesh plate, and is collected in the collection section at the lower part of the airflow separation tower. On the other hand, the crushed mixture that repeatedly floats and drops in the above-mentioned fluidized zone is sequentially discharged from the outlet when the crushed mixture reaches the vicinity of the outlet of the crushed mixture on the side wall of the gas flow separation tower. Therefore, the crushed mixture is easily and efficiently separated into needle-like materials passing through the mesh plate, consequently residues on the mesh plate discharged from the outlet, and light-weight materials floating above the airflow separation tower. can do.

In the case where the gas flow separation tower is provided in a plurality of stages, the crushed mixture remaining on the mesh plate of the first air flow separation tower and discharged from the discharge port is mixed with the crushed mixture of the next air flow separation tower. Is supplied to the airflow separation tower from the supply port of
In the same manner as in the first stage of the airflow separation tower, the needles in the crushed mixture are recovered through the mesh plate in the recovery section below the airflow separation tower. In this way, when the needles are collected in the plurality of airflow separation towers, the needles and the non-needles in the crushed mixture can be separated with high accuracy.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to an embodiment of an air flow separation device shown in FIGS. The airflow separation device shown in Fig. 1 is used to recycle waste such as waste home electric appliances and end-of-life vehicles. Needle-like objects such as cuts of copper wire generated by crushing of coils and electric wires, etc., and other non-needle-like materials are used to separate and separate,
Here, a case is shown in which a plurality of airflow separation towers installed in parallel with each other, that is, a first airflow separation tower 1 and a second airflow separation tower 2 are provided. Can be set up.

The first-stage airflow separation tower 1 has a substantially cylindrical shape, and is constituted by connecting a plurality of cylinders 11 to 15 in a column shape. The flanges at the ends are connected by bolts (not shown). The uppermost cylinder 11 that constitutes a part of the airflow separation tower 1 is connected to a floating material collection cylinder 18 that forms a separation part of a lightweight material in the crushed mixture at an upper portion thereof. The floating material collection cylinder 18 has a diameter sufficiently larger than the cylinder 11, and has a mesh plate 19 for preventing the floating material from being scattered on the upper surface thereof, and a discharge cylinder 20 for discharging the collected floating material around a lower portion thereof. Are connected.

A cylinder 12 connected to the cylinder 11 via a flange is detachably attached to an inner wall of a lower end thereof with an upper constriction cylinder 21 for adjusting an air flow velocity for constricting a flow path cross-sectional area, and is located above the upper constriction cylinder 21. The crushed mixture supply port 22 for supplying the crushed mixture composed of the needle-like material and the other non-needle-like material for separation and separation is opened on the side wall of the cylinder 12 in the above, and a hopper 23 is connected to the supply port 22. doing. The hopper 23 has slide dampers 24a and 24b and an inclined plate 24c attached thereto. After the damper 24a is opened to supply the crushed mixture, the damper 24a is closed and the damper 24b is opened to the extent that the crushed mixture gradually falls. ,
The crushed mixture slides on the inclined plate 24 c and the bottom of the hopper 23 and is supplied into the cylinder 12. When a suitable vibrator is attached to the hopper 23, the crushed mixture can be supplied quantitatively.

A cylinder 13 connected to the lower end of the cylinder 12 by a flange functions together with an upper constriction cylinder 21 attached to the cylinder 12 as a main part for flow sorting. Mesh plate 25 for sorting materials
And a lower constriction cylinder 26 for adjusting the airflow velocity, which narrows the cross-sectional area of the flow path, is removably attached directly below the mesh plate 25, and the crushed mixture of A flow zone 27 is formed, and an outlet 2 for the crushed mixture facing the flow zone 27 is provided on the side wall of the gas flow separation tower.
8 are provided. The mesh plate 25 is made of a perforated plate, or a mesh made of a wire mesh or the like is directly laid in the cylinder 13, or is built in the holding frame and is laid in the cylinder 13. The needles in the crushed mixture pass when the longitudinal direction is directed to the direction of gravity, but those larger than that have a mesh that does not pass.

The cylinder 14 functioning as a blower cylinder connected to the cylinder 13 via a flange 16 has an airflow supply port 30 for supplying an airflow that rises in the airflow separation tower from below the lower constriction cylinder 26 to the side wall thereof. The air flow supply port 30 is connected to an air flow supply cylinder 31 provided with a damper 32 for adjusting the amount of air flow supplied from a supply source (not shown). The damper 32 is capable of adjusting the flow rate of the air flow or intermittently changing the flow rate of the air flow.

A cylinder 15 connected to the cylinder 14 via a flange and located at the lower end of the airflow separation tower 1 has:
It constitutes a collecting section for collecting needle-like objects that have fallen downward after passing through the mesh plate 25, and a cross valve 33 is provided below the collecting section. By opening and closing the cross valve 33, the needle-like objects that have passed through the mesh plate 25 can be collected from the lower end of the cylinder 15.

The second-stage airflow separation tower 2 has substantially the same configuration as the above-mentioned first-stage airflow separation tower 1, but has a supply port similar to that of the first-stage airflow separation tower 1. The connecting cylinder 34 connected to the crushed mixture discharge port 28 in the first-stage gas flow separation tower 1 is opened at the supply port of the crushed mixture without providing the hopper 23 in the crushed mixture 22. As described above, since the second-stage airflow separation tower 2 has substantially the same configuration as the first-stage airflow separation tower 1, the same portion as the first-stage airflow separation tower 2 is used. Are given the same reference numerals and the description of the configuration is omitted.

The connecting cylinder 34 connected to the outlet 28 of the crushed mixture in the second-stage airflow separation tower 2
The opening can be opened at the supply port of the crushed mixture in the third stage airflow separation tower having the same structure as the second stage and the second stage, but can also be connected to the illustrated non-needle-shaped discharge cylinder 35. By arranging a plurality of airflow sorting towers in this manner, it is possible to efficiently collect needle-like materials in the recovery section below the airflow separation tower.

Next, a separation operation by the above-mentioned air flow separation device will be described. The airflow adjusted to an appropriate supply amount by the damper 32 or the like is supplied from the airflow supply cylinder 31 to the airflow supply port 30.
When the crushed mixture of needles and non-needles is supplied from the hopper 23 into the first airflow separation tower 1, the crushing is performed. The light-weight material of the mixture does not fall downward from the upper constriction cylinder 21 and the first airflow sorting tower 1
As a result, the floating object is lifted up to reach the floating material collecting cylinder 18, stalled in the floating material collecting cylinder 18, and separated and discharged from the discharging cylinder 20.
However, very thin copper wire (for example, about 0.1 mm or less)
The cut material may be transferred upward without falling downward through the upper stenosis tube 21 where the airflow increases in speed, reach the floating material collection tube 18 and be discharged to the discharge tube 20.

The crushed mixture consisting of needle-like materials and non-needle-like materials other than the lightweight material passes through the upper constriction cylinder 21 and reaches the mesh plate 25, and rises from below in the flow area 27 on the mesh plate 25. It is caused to flow while receiving the buoyancy force by the air current, and levitation, rolling, stall drop, etc. are repeated. During that time, the lightweight object floats above the air flow separation tower 1 through the high flow velocity portion of the upper constriction cylinder 21 and separates. Is done. Mesh plate 2
The crushed mixture flowing in the air stream above 5 has a tendency to tilt, especially when the needles in the crushed mixture fall longitudinally in the direction of gravity, as they stall and fall in the air stream. The needle-shaped object whose longitudinal direction is oriented in the direction of gravity has a remarkably reduced buoyancy in the airflow, so that it stalls and falls, passes through the mesh of the mesh plate 25, and is connected to the cross valve 33 at the lower collecting portion of the airflow separation tower 1. Integrated on top. Therefore, by opening and closing the valve 33, it can be taken out on the discharge conveyor or the feeder.

On the other hand, near the inner wall surface of the cylinder in the flow region 27, the flow velocity of the airflow rising from below the mesh plate 25 becomes slower than that at the center of the cylinder due to frictional resistance with the inner wall surface. Therefore, in the vicinity of the inner wall surface of the cylinder, the levitation force against the crushed mixture, that is, the non-needle-like material or the cut material of the copper wire that could not pass through the mesh plate 25 becomes small,
Although they fall along the inner wall surface of the cylinder, they float again due to the large flow velocity at the center of the flow area 27. And the crushed mixture that repeats floating and falling in this way,
There is a tendency to swirl along the inner circumferential wall of the cylinder, and when they reach the vicinity of the outlet 28 of the crushed mixture on the side wall of the airflow separation tower 1, they are sequentially discharged from the outlet 28. For this reason, the crushed mixture is converted into a needle-like material that passes through the mesh plate 25, a non-needle-like material (including a needle-like material that is not separated) discharged from the mesh plate to the outlet 28, and an airflow separation tower. It can be easily and efficiently separated from lightweight objects floating upward.

When the air flow separation towers 1, 2 and the like are provided in a plurality of stages, the crushed mixture remaining on the mesh plate 25 in the first air flow separation tower 1 and discharged from the discharge port 28 is connected to the connecting cylinder. The needles in the crushed mixture are supplied to the supply port 22 of the crushed mixture in the next-stage airflow separation tower 2 through the mesh plate 25 in the same manner as in the first-stage airflow separation tower 1 through the mesh plate 25. It is recovered in a recovery section at the lower part of the tower 2. In this way, when the needles are collected in the plurality of airflow separation towers, the needles and the non-needles in the crushed mixture can be separated with high accuracy.

As shown in FIG. 2, a cylinder 41 having a truncated conical inner surface for adjusting the airflow velocity, a cylinder 42 incorporating a constriction cylinder 43 for adjusting the airflow velocity as shown in FIG.
Alternatively, a simple cylinder not incorporating the stenosis cylinder 43 may be replaced by a flange provided on the cylinder 12 and the cylinder 13.
If the span in which the crushed mixture of needle-like or non-needle-like materials repeatedly floats and drops is lengthened, the repetition of floating and dropping of these mixtures, that is, convection is promoted, so lightweight Separation can be performed more effectively.

[0024]

According to the air flow separation method and apparatus of the present invention described in detail above, needles and non-needles in the crushed mixture can be efficiently separated by a dry method.
Needle-like materials and non-needle-like materials in the crushed mixture can be easily and accurately separated by utilizing the behavior of the needle-like materials in the airflow.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of an airflow separation device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an example of a cylinder that can be additionally used in the airflow separation device.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of various examples of a cylinder that can be additionally used in the airflow separation device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 1st-stage airflow separation tower 2 2nd-stage airflow separation tower 18 Floating material collection cylinder 21 Upper constriction cylinder 22 Supply port 25 Mesh plate 26 Lower constriction cylinder 27 Flow area 28 Discharge port 30 Airflow supply port

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Eiji Oi 16-3 Onogawa Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Pref., National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (72) Inventor Hiroki Yomoto 16-3 Onogawa Tsukuba City Ibaraki Pref. (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) B07B 4/00-11/08

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. An air flow velocity controlling upper constriction cylinder for narrowing a cross-sectional area of a flow path through a flow area of a crushed mixture above a mesh plate for separating needle-like substances, and a flow path cross-sectional area immediately below the mesh plate. An airflow separation tower provided with a narrowed lower constriction cylinder for controlling airflow velocity, wherein a crushed mixture of needles and non-needles is supplied to a flow area on the mesh plate, and an airflow separation tower below the lower constriction cylinder. By supplying an airflow that rises through the airflow separation tower from the side wall, the crushed mixture is caused to flow in the flow area, and during the flow, a needle-shaped object that stalls and falls in the longitudinal direction in the direction of gravity is passed through a mesh plate. Drop it down,
It is collected at the lower part of the airflow separation tower, the light-weight material in the crushed mixture is floated to the upper part of the airflow separation tower and discharged, and the crushed mixture that repeats flow in the flow area on the mesh plate is placed on the side of the airflow separation tower. And sequentially discharging through a discharge port facing the above-mentioned flow area provided in the above. 2. The crushed mixture discharged through an outlet provided in the side wall of the gas flow separation tower is supplied onto a mesh plate in the next air flow separation tower, and the needle-like material is again placed under the mesh plate by the same method. Drop it, collect it at the bottom of the airflow separation tower, lift and discharge the lightweight material at the top of the airflow separation tower, and discharge the crushed mixture that repeats flow in the flow area on the mesh plate through the outlet on the side wall of the airflow separation tower The method according to claim 1, wherein the solids are sequentially discharged. 3. A mesh plate for separating needle-like objects through which the needle-like materials in the crushed mixture pass when the longitudinal direction of the mixture is directed in the direction of gravity is provided in a tubular airflow separation tower. Above the plate, an upper constriction cylinder for adjusting the air flow velocity that narrows the cross-sectional area of the flow channel through the flow area of the crushed mixture, and immediately below the mesh plate, a lower constriction cylinder for adjusting the air flow velocity that narrows the cross-sectional area of the flow channel are provided. A supply port for supplying the crushed mixture is opened above the upper constriction cylinder on the side wall of the airflow separation tower, and an airflow that rises in the airflow separation tower is supplied below the lower constriction cylinder on the side wall of the airflow separation tower. Open the airflow supply port, and install a collection unit at the bottom of the airflow separation tower to collect needle-like materials that have fallen down after passing through the mesh plate, and separate the lightweight material in the crushed mixture at the top of the airflow separation tower. Provide a separation section to discharge air Provided an outlet crushed mixture facing the flow field in a different column side wall, the airflow sorting apparatus of solids, characterized in that. 4. An outlet for the crushed mixture provided on the side wall of the airflow separation tower according to claim 3 is opened to a supply port for the crushed mixture on a mesh plate in a next-stage airflow separation tower having the same configuration, Collecting a needle-like substance in a recovery section at a lower portion of the airflow separation tower according to (1).