JPH0975851A - Method and apparatus for pneumatic sorting of solid - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for pneumatic sorting of solid which can sort needle-shaped materials and non-needle-shaped materials in a crushed mixture efficiently and precisely, and an apparatus for the method. SOLUTION: An air current which ascends in a pneumatic sorting column 1 is supplied from the air current supply port 30 of the column 1, a crushed mixture of needle-shaped materials and non-needle-shaped materials is supplied from a supply port 22, and the mixture is fluidized in a fluidizing region 27 between an upper part narrow cylinder 21 and a mesh plate 25. In this region 27, the needle-shaped materials tend to be decelerated to fall with the longitudinal direction directed to the gravity direction so that they pass through the mesh plate 25 to be recovered below the column 1. The crushed mixture which repeats floating and dropping in the fluidizing region 27 is discharged through the discharge opening in the sidewall of the column 1. The lightweight materials in the crushed mixture are floated to the upper part of the column 1 to be discharged.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a metal such as copper, which is a cut product of a coil for an electromagnet or a covered electric wire, which is mixed in a crushed mixture of coarse waste such as waste home electric appliances and waste automobiles. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for separating needle-shaped materials from other non-needle-shaped materials for recycling, and in particular, a method for air-flow sorting of solids that efficiently separates them by a dry method by utilizing differences in their shapes. And the device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Metal needles such as copper wires obtained by crushing and cutting various coated electric wires and motors are used for cutting electric wire covering materials such as polyvinyl chloride and motors. Efficient and highly accurate separation from crushed mixture of other non-needle-like materials such as fixed frame, protective cover, rotor core is difficult with conventional wind power, jig, table, fluidized bed, cyclone sorting technology. . Therefore, the present inventors have developed a technique for separating by dry method using an air flow, and have previously proposed it as Japanese Patent Application No. 6-74300.
There is a demand for the development of a technique for more simple and accurate separation.

[0003]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The technical problem of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for air separation of solid matter, which can efficiently separate needle-like substances and non-needle-like substances in a crushed mixture by a dry method. To provide. Further, the technical problem of the present invention is to separate a needle-like material and a non-needle-like material in a crushed mixture from a solid material that can be easily and highly accurately separated by utilizing the behavior of the needle-like material in an air stream. An object of the present invention is to provide an airflow selection method and an apparatus therefor.

[0004]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, an air flow sorting method of a solid matter of the present invention provides a flow path cross-sectional area above a needle-like object sorting mesh plate through a flow region of a crushed mixture. In an airflow selection tower in which an upper airflow speed adjusting narrowing cylinder for narrowing is provided, and an airflow speed adjusting lower narrowing cylinder for narrowing the flow passage cross-sectional area is provided immediately below the mesh plate, a needle-like object in the flow region on the mesh plate. And supplying a crushed mixture of non-needle-like substances and supplying an air stream rising up the air stream selection tower from the side wall of the air stream selection tower below the lower constriction cylinder, thereby causing the crushed mixture to flow in the above-mentioned flow region, In the meantime, needle-like objects that stall and fall with the longitudinal direction oriented in the direction of gravity are dropped through the mesh plate below and collected in the lower part of the airflow selection tower, and the light weight substances in the crushed mixture are collected in the upper part of the airflow selection tower. Levitate and discharge Together, is characterized in that the crushed mixture repeatedly flow in flow area on the mesh plates, Ruru successively drained through the discharge port facing the flow field formed in the air flow sorting column side wall.

In the above-described airflow sorting method, the crushed mixture discharged through the outlet provided on the side wall of the airflow sorting tower is
Supply it onto the mesh plate in the next airflow selection tower, drop needles below the mesh plate again by the same method, and collect it in the lower part of the airflow selection tower, and at the same time, light weight the upper part of the airflow selection tower. The crushed mixture, which is floated and discharged to the above, and which repeats the flow in the flow region on the mesh plate, can be sequentially discharged through the discharge port on the side wall of the air flow sorting column.

Further, the airflow sorting apparatus of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems passes through a tubular airflow sorting tower when the needle-like material in the crushed mixture has its longitudinal direction oriented in the direction of gravity. A mesh plate for separating needles is arranged, and an upper constriction tube for air flow velocity control that narrows the cross-sectional area of the flow path is flowed above the mesh plate just below the mesh plate. A lower constriction tube for air flow velocity control for constricting the road cross-sectional area is provided, and a supply port for supplying the crushed mixture is opened above the upper confinement tube on the side wall of the air flow selection tower,
Below the lower constriction cylinder of the side wall of the airflow selection tower, an airflow supply port for supplying an airflow rising in the airflow selection tower was opened, and at the bottom of the airflow selection tower, passed through the mesh plate and dropped downward. A collection unit for collecting needle-like substances is provided, a separation unit for separating and discharging the lightweight substances in the crushed mixture is provided at the upper part of the airflow selection tower, and an outlet for the crushed mixture that faces the above-mentioned flow region is provided on the side wall of the airflow selection tower. It is characterized by that.

In the above-described airflow sorting apparatus, the discharge port for the crushed mixture provided on the side wall of the airflow sorting tower is opened to the supply port for the crushed mixture on the mesh plate in the next-stage airflow sorting tower having the same structure, and a plurality of stages are provided. The needle-shaped material can be collected in the collecting section below the airflow sorting tower.

When airflow of the crushed mixture is selected by the above-mentioned method and apparatus, if a required flow rate of airflow is supplied from the airflow supply port, the flow path is narrowed in the lower constriction cylinder immediately below the mesh plate and the upper constriction cylinder above the mesh plate. This increases the velocity of the air flow. Therefore, when a crushed mixture of needle-shaped materials and non-needle-shaped materials is supplied from the crushed-mixture supply port, the light weight of the crushed mixture does not fall downward from the upper constriction tube portion, and Floated, and separated and discharged at the separation part at the upper end of the airflow selection tower, and other needle-shaped and non-needle-shaped materials are made to flow by the airflow rising from below in the flow area on the mesh plate, causing levitation and stall fall. Again, during that time, the lightweight material is floated above the airflow selection tower through the high flow velocity portion of the upper constriction tube and separated.

The crushed mixture flowing in the airflow on the mesh plate tends to tilt when the stalls of the crushed mixture flow in the airflow, especially when the needles in the crushed mixture are oriented so that the longitudinal direction is oriented in the direction of gravity. , In this way, the levitation force in the airflow of the needle-shaped object whose longitudinal direction is oriented in the direction of gravity is significantly reduced,
Therefore, it stall-falls, passes through the mesh plate, and is collected in the collecting section below the airflow selection tower. On the other hand, the crushed mixture which is repeatedly floated and dropped in the above-mentioned fluidized region is sequentially discharged from the discharge port of the crushed mixture when it reaches the vicinity of the discharge port of the crushed mixture on the side wall of the air stream selection tower. Therefore, the crushed mixture can be easily and efficiently separated into needle-like substances that pass through the mesh plate, residues on the mesh plate that are eventually discharged from the discharge port, and lightweight substances that float above the airflow selection tower. can do.

When a plurality of airflow selection towers are provided, the crushed mixture remaining on the mesh plate in the first airflow selection tower and discharged from the outlet is the crushed mixture in the next airflow selection tower. Is supplied to the same airflow selection tower from the supply port of
Similar to the case of the first-stage airflow selection tower, the needle-like material in the crushed mixture is recovered through the mesh plate in the recovery section below the airflow selection tower. In this way, when the needle-shaped material is collected in the plurality of stages of the air flow sorting tower, it becomes possible to accurately separate the needle-shaped material and the non-needle-shaped material in the crushed mixture.

[0011]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the examples of the air flow sorting apparatus shown in FIGS. The airflow sorter shown in Fig. 1 uses various types of motors, such as motors, when waste materials such as waste home electric appliances and automobiles are recycled through the steps of disassembling, crushing, and sorting in order to recycle them. Is used to separate and separate needle-like objects such as cut pieces of copper wire caused by crushing of coils and electric wires, and other non-needle-like objects,
Here, a case is shown in which a plurality of stages of airflow sorting towers, that is, a first stage airflow sorting tower 1 and a second stage airflow sorting tower 2 are provided in parallel with each other, but a further multistage cascade is provided. Can be installed.

The first-stage airflow selection tower 1 has a substantially cylindrical shape, and is constituted by connecting a plurality of cylinders 11 to 15 in a column shape, and each of these cylinders has its own shape. The flanges at the ends are connected by bolts (not shown). The uppermost cylinder 11 that constitutes a part of the airflow sorting tower 1 is provided with a float collection cylinder 18 that is connected to the upper part of the cylinder 11 to form a separation portion of the lightweight material in the crushed mixture. The floating material collecting cylinder 18 has a diameter sufficiently larger than that of the cylinder 11. A floating material scattering prevention mesh plate 19 is stretched on the upper surface of the floating material collecting cylinder 18, and a discharge cylinder 20 for discharging the collected floating material around the lower part thereof. Are connected.

A cylinder 12 connected to the cylinder 11 via a flange is detachably attached to an upper narrowing cylinder 21 for adjusting an air velocity for narrowing a flow passage cross sectional area on an inner wall of a lower end thereof, and is arranged above the upper narrowing cylinder 21. In the side wall of the cylinder 12 in, the crushed mixture supply port 22 for supplying the crushed mixture consisting of the above needle-shaped material and the other non-needle-shaped material for sorting and separation is opened, and the hopper 23 is connected to this supply port 22. are doing. The hopper 23 is provided with slide type dampers 24a and 24b and an inclined plate 24c. After the damper 24a is opened to supply the crushed mixture, the damper 24a is closed and the damper 24b is opened to such an extent that the crushed mixture gradually falls. ,
The crushed mixture is supplied into the cylinder 12 by sliding on the bottom surfaces of the inclined plate 24c and the hopper 23. If the hopper 23 is equipped with an appropriate vibrator, the crushed mixture can be quantitatively supplied.

The cylinder 13, which is connected to the lower end of the cylinder 12 by a flange, functions as a main part for flow selection together with the upper constriction cylinder 21 attached to the cylinder 12, and has a needle-like shape inside the cylinder 13. Mesh plate for sorting 25
And a lower constriction tube 26 for air flow velocity control for constricting the cross-sectional area of the flow path is detachably attached directly below the mesh plate 25, and the crushed mixture is mixed on the mesh plate 25 with the upper constriction tube 21. A fluidized zone 27 is formed, and a discharge port 2 for the crushed mixture facing the fluidized zone 27 is formed on the side wall of the airflow selection tower.
8 are provided. The mesh plate 25 is constituted by a perforated plate, or a mesh made of wire mesh or the like is directly installed in the cylinder 13, or is installed in a holding frame and then installed in the cylinder 13. The needle-like material in the crushed mixture has a mesh that passes when its longitudinal direction is oriented in the direction of gravity, but larger ones do not pass.

The cylinder 14, which is connected to the cylinder 13 via the flange 16 and functions as a blower tube, has an air flow supply port 30 on its side wall for supplying an air flow rising from the lower constriction tube 26 to the air flow selection tower. An airflow supply cylinder 31 provided with a damper 32 for opening and opening a supply amount of an airflow from a supply source (not shown) is connected to the airflow supply port 30. The damper 32 is capable of adjusting the flow rate of the air flow or changing the flow rate of the air flow intermittently.

Further, the cylinder 15 which is connected to the cylinder 14 through a flange and is located at the lower end of the air flow sorting tower 1 is
It constitutes a recovery unit for recovering the needle-shaped objects that have passed through the mesh plate 25 and dropped downward, and a cross valve 33 is provided below the recovery unit. By opening and closing the cross valve 33, the needle-shaped material that has passed through the mesh plate 25 can be collected from the lower end of the cylinder 15.

The second-stage airflow selection tower 2 has substantially the same structure as the above-described first-stage airflow selection tower 1, but like the first-stage airflow selection tower 1, it has a supply port. A hopper 23 is not provided on the connecting member 22, and a connecting cylinder 34 connected to the discharge port 28 for the crushed mixture in the first-stage airflow sorting tower 1 is opened at the crushed mixture supply port. As described above, since the second-stage airflow sorting tower 2 has substantially the same configuration as the first-stage airflow sorting tower 1, the same portion as the first-stage airflow sorting tower is used. Are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description of the configuration will be omitted.

Further, the connecting cylinder 34 connected to the discharge port 28 for the crushed mixture in the second-stage airflow selection tower 2 is the first
Although it can be opened to the supply port for the crushed mixture in the third-stage airflow sorting column having the same configuration as the first and second stages, it can also be connected to the illustrated non-needle-like discharge pipe 35. By thus connecting a plurality of stages of airflow selection towers in series, it is possible to efficiently collect the needle-shaped material in the recovery section below the tower.

Next, the sorting operation by the air flow sorting device will be described. The airflow adjusted to an appropriate amount by the damper 32 or the like is supplied from the airflow supply cylinder 31 to the airflow supply port 30.
The first airflow sorting tower 1 and the second airflow sorting tower 2 are supplied upward, and the crushed mixture of the crushed needles and non-needles is fed from the hopper 23 into the first airflow sorted tower 1 and crushed. The light weight of the mixture does not fall downward from the portion of the upper constriction cylinder 21, and the first airflow selection tower 1 is provided by the airflow.
It rises inside and reaches the floating material collecting cylinder 18, stalls in the floating material collecting cylinder 18, and is separated and discharged from the discharge cylinder 20.
However, very thin copper wire (for example, about 0.1 mm or less)
The cut object may be transferred upward without falling downward in the portion of the upper constriction cylinder 21 where the airflow increases in speed, reach the floating material recovery cylinder 18, and may be discharged to the discharge cylinder 20.

The crushed mixture consisting of needle-shaped materials and non-needle-shaped materials other than the above lightweight materials passes through the upper constriction tube 21 and reaches the mesh plate 25, and rises from below in the flow region 27 on the mesh plate 25. It is made to flow while receiving a levitation force by the air flow, and is repeatedly floated, tumbled, stalled, and the like, but during that time, the lightweight object floats above the air flow selection tower 1 through the high flow velocity portion of the upper constriction cylinder 21 and separated. To be done. Mesh plate 2
The crushed mixture flowing in the air stream above 5 tends to tilt, especially when the stalls fall in the air stream, with the needles in the crushed mixture tilting so that the longitudinal direction is in the direction of gravity. In the needle-shaped material whose longitudinal direction is oriented in the direction of gravity, the levitation force in the air flow is significantly reduced, so that it stalls and falls through the mesh of the mesh plate 25, and the cross valve 33 in the recovery section at the bottom of the air flow selection tower 1 Accumulated on top. Therefore, by opening and closing the valve 33, it can be taken out on the discharge conveyor or the feeder.

On the other hand, in the vicinity of the inner wall surface of the cylinder in the flow region 27, the flow velocity of the air flow rising from below the mesh plate 25 becomes slower than that in the central portion of the cylinder due to the frictional resistance with the inner wall surface. Therefore, in the vicinity of the inner wall surface of the cylinder, the levitation force against the crushed mixture, that is, the non-needle-shaped object or the cut object of the copper wire that cannot pass through the mesh plate 25 becomes small,
Although they fall along the inner wall surface of the cylinder, they are levitated again by the air flow having a high flow velocity in the central portion of the flow region 27. Then, the crushed mixture which repeats the levitating and falling like this,
There is a tendency to swivel along the inner peripheral wall of the cylinder, and when they reach the vicinity of the outlet 28 of the crushed mixture on the side wall of the airflow sorting tower 1, they are sequentially discharged from the outlet 28. Therefore, the crushed mixture is passed through the mesh plate 25, the needle-like substances discharged from the mesh plate to the discharge port 28 (including the needle-like substances that have not been separated), and the airflow selection tower. It can be easily and efficiently separated into a lightweight material that floats upward.

When the airflow selection towers 1, 2, etc. are provided in a plurality of stages, the crushed mixture remaining on the mesh plate 25 in the first-stage airflow selection tower 1 and discharged from the discharge port 28 is a connecting cylinder. Is supplied to the crushed mixture supply port 22 in the next-stage airflow selection tower 2 through 34, and the needle-like material in the crushed mixture is airflow-selected through the mesh plate 25 in the same manner as in the first-stage airflow selection tower 1. It is recovered in the recovery section at the bottom of the tower 2. In this way, when the needle-shaped material is collected in the plurality of stages of the air flow sorting tower, it becomes possible to accurately separate the needle-shaped material and the non-needle-shaped material in the crushed mixture.

A cylinder 41 having a frustoconical inner surface for adjusting the air flow rate as shown in FIG. 2 and a cylinder 42 in which a constriction tube 43 for adjusting the air flow rate as shown in FIG. 3 is incorporated,
Alternatively, a simple cylinder not incorporating the constriction cylinder 43 is replaced by a flange provided on the cylinder 12 and the cylinder 13.
If the crushed mixture of needles and non-needles is floated and dropped repeatedly by increasing the span of the mixture, the levitation and fall of these mixtures, that is, convection, is promoted. It becomes possible to sort more effectively.

[0024]

According to the airflow sorting method and apparatus of the present invention described in detail above, the needle-like material and the non-needle-like material in the crushed mixture can be efficiently separated by the dry method, and further,
The needle-like material and the non-needle-like material in the crushed mixture can be easily and accurately separated by utilizing the behavior of the needle-like material in the air flow.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of an airflow selection device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an example of a cylinder that can be additionally used in the airflow sorting device.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of multiple examples of a cylinder that can be additionally used in the airflow sorting device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 First-stage airflow selection tower 2 Second-stage airflow selection tower 18 Float recovery cylinder 21 Upper constriction cylinder 22 Supply port 25 Mesh plate 26 Lower constriction cylinder 27 Flow zone 28 Discharge port 30 Airflow supply port

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Eiji Oi 16-3 Onogawa, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, National Institute of Resources and Environmental Technology (72) Inventor Hiroki Shigen 16-3 Onogawa, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki Industrial technology Institute for Natural Resources and Environment Technology

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. An upper constriction tube for adjusting an air velocity, which narrows a flow passage cross-sectional area through a flow region of a crushed mixture above a needle-like material sorting mesh plate, and a flow passage cross-sectional area immediately below the mesh plate. An airflow selection tower provided with a lower constriction cylinder for controlling the airflow speed that constricts, in addition to supplying a crushed mixture of needles and non-needles to the flow region on the mesh plate, and an airflow selection tower below the lower constriction cylinder. The crushed mixture is made to flow in the above-mentioned flow region by supplying an airflow rising from the side wall to the airflow selection tower, and during the above-mentioned flow, needle-like objects that stall and fall in the longitudinal direction toward the direction of gravity are passed through the mesh plate. Drop it down,
It is collected in the lower part of the airflow selection tower, the lightweight material in the crushed mixture is floated above the airflow selection tower and discharged, and the crushed mixture that repeats the flow in the fluidized area on the mesh plate is removed from the side wall of the airflow selection tower. A method for air flow sorting of solids, characterized in that the solid matter is sequentially discharged through a discharge port facing the above-mentioned flow region. 2. The crushed mixture discharged through a discharge port provided on the side wall of the airflow selection tower is supplied onto the mesh plate in the next-stage airflow selection tower, and the needle-shaped material is again placed below the mesh plate by the same method. It is dropped and collected at the bottom of the airflow selection tower, and the lightweight material is floated at the top of the airflow selection tower and discharged, and the crushed mixture that repeats flow in the flow area on the mesh plate is passed through the outlet on the side wall of the airflow selection tower. The solid matter airflow sorting method according to claim 1, wherein the solid matter is sequentially discharged. 3. A mesh plate for sorting needles through which the needles in the crushed mixture pass when the longitudinal direction of the crushed mixture is oriented in the direction of gravity is provided in a tubular airflow selection tower, and the mesh thereof is provided. An upper airflow velocity adjusting narrowing tube for narrowing the flow passage cross-sectional area is provided above the plate and a lower airflow velocity adjusting narrowing pipe for narrowing the flow passage cross-sectional area is provided immediately below the mesh plate. A supply port for supplying the crushed mixture is opened above the upper constriction cylinder on the side wall of the airflow selection tower, and below the lower constriction cylinder on the side wall of the airflow selection tower, for supplying an airflow rising in the airflow selection tower. An air flow supply port is opened, and at the bottom of the air flow selection tower, a collection unit is provided to collect needles that have passed through the mesh plate and dropped downward, and at the top of the air flow selection tower, the lightweight materials in the crushed mixture are separated. A separate part to discharge is provided and the airflow Provided an outlet crushed mixture facing the flow field in a different column side wall, the airflow sorting apparatus of solids, characterized in that. 4. The outlet for the crushed mixture provided on the side wall of the airflow selection tower according to claim 3 is opened to the supply port for the crushed mixture on the mesh plate in the next-stage airflow selection tower having the same structure, and a plurality of stages are provided. A method for air flow sorting of solids, comprising collecting needles in a lower part of the air flow sorting tower.