JPH0839005A - Fractionating method for industrial waste and its device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To fractionate various kinds of materials in an industrial waste with high accuracy by a simple method. CONSTITUTION:An industrial waste 40 in which various kinds of materials are mixed by crushing is introduced into a fractionating container 60 connected with a vibrator 54, and various kinds of heavy materials out of the industrial waste 40 introduced into the fractionating container 60 are settled by the vibration from the vibrator 54, while various kinds of floating light materials only are discharged out of the fractionating container 60 and recovered. Various kinds of heavy materials are slid down along a slope of a sliding stand 70 disposed outside the fractionating container 60, and are further fractionated by the difference of dropping positions of various kinds of materials generated by the difference of frictional resistance of various kinds of materials at the time of sliding.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for separating industrial waste containing various materials mixed by crushing by material.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Various mechanical devices, automobiles, etc. are often scrapped as industrial waste when their useful lives have passed. These industrial wastes are crushed to an appropriate size, then sorted by material from the viewpoint of resource conservation and reused.

As a method for separating various materials, for example, specific gravity selection, wind power selection, color selection, magnetic force selection, eddy current selection, heavy liquid selection, etc. are known. As a prior art related to the separation of industrial waste, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 146707/1993, which separates metals mixed in refuse, and 2 having different specific gravities
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 4-326955 is known in which waste plastic materials of more than one type are sorted by specific gravity.

[0004]

However, in the conventional sorting method, since the objects to be sorted are of the same kind, the sorting is relatively easy.
In the case of products made of various materials such as glass, synthetic resin, metal, and fiber, the size, material, and specific gravity of the materials are different, so sorting becomes complicated. Therefore, there is a problem that the equipment for separation is complicated, the scale is large, and the equipment cost is high. In addition, since the conventional method does not have a high classification accuracy, even if many of the industrial waste materials are classified as dust that cannot be reused, the dust still contains many reusable materials. There is.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for separating industrial waste, which can separate various materials with high accuracy by a simple method.

[0006]

A method and an apparatus for separating industrial waste for achieving this object are configured as follows. (1) Industrial waste mixed with various materials by crushing is put into a sorting container connected to a shaker, and various materials having a large specific gravity among the industrial waste put into the sorting container are fed from the shaker. The various materials with a small specific gravity are floated and the various materials with a small specific gravity that have floated are discharged and collected from the separation container, and various materials with a large specific gravity are removed from the slides provided outside the separation container. A method for separating industrial waste, which comprises sliding along an inclined surface, and further separating various materials having a large specific gravity according to the difference in the falling position of the various materials due to the difference in frictional resistance of the various materials at the time of sliding. (2) The industrial waste mixed with various materials by crushing is put into a sorting container connected to the shaker, and various materials having a large specific gravity among the industrial waste put into the sorting container are fed from the shaker. The various materials with a small specific gravity are floated and the various materials with a small specific gravity that have floated are discharged and collected from the separation container, and various materials with a large specific gravity are removed from the slides provided outside the separation container. Sliding along an inclined surface, different materials with large specific gravity are further sorted according to the difference in the falling position of various materials due to the difference in frictional resistance of the various materials at the time of sliding, and the various materials sorted by sliding with a slide are A method for separating industrial waste, characterized by separating the materials based on color or transparency. (3) The industrial waste mixed with various materials by crushing is put into a sorting container connected to the shaker, and various materials having a large specific gravity among the industrial waste put into the sorting container are sent from the shaker. The various materials with a small specific gravity are floated and the various materials with a small specific gravity that have floated are discharged and collected from the separation container, and various materials with a large specific gravity are removed from the slides provided outside the separation container. Sliding along an inclined surface, different materials with large specific gravity are further sorted according to the difference in the falling position of various materials due to the difference in frictional resistance of the various materials at the time of sliding, and the various materials sorted by sliding with a slide are A method for separating industrial waste, characterized by separating with a sieve. (4) Industrial waste mixed with various materials by crushing is put into a sorting container connected to the shaker, and various materials having a large specific gravity among the industrial waste put in the sorting container are put from the shaker. The material with a small specific gravity is floated up while being settled by the vibration of, and only the various materials with a small specific gravity that have floated are discharged from the separation container and collected, and various materials with a large specific gravity are removed from the slide installed outside the separation container. Sliding along an inclined surface, different materials with large specific gravity are further sorted according to the difference in the falling position of various materials due to the difference in frictional resistance of the various materials at the time of sliding, and the various materials sorted by sliding with a slide are A method for separating industrial waste, characterized in that it is separated based on the color or transparency of the material, and then the material separated based on the color or transparency is further separated by a sieve. (5) A sorting container into which industrial waste mixed with various materials by crushing is put, a shaker connected to the sorting container and applying vibration to the sorting container, and along an inner wall surface of the sorting container. A spiral passage that extends in a spiral shape and in which various materials move due to the vibration from the vibration exciter, and a specific gravity that is provided in the middle of the spiral passage and that floats due to vibration among the various materials that move in the spiral passage. Of a small material for preventing the movement of a small material, a first outlet provided on the upstream side of the weir for discharging the material of a small specific gravity, the movement of which is blocked by the weir, to the outside of the sorting container, and the downstream side of the weir. A second outlet for discharging the material having a large specific gravity that has passed through the weir to the outside of the sorting container; and a slide having an inclined surface on which the material having a large specific gravity discharged from the second outlet slides down. Industrial waste characterized by having Sorting apparatus of thing.

[0007]

In the method of separating industrial waste according to the above (1), various materials of the industrial waste put in the separation container are vibrated by the vibrator. Due to this vibration, various materials having a large specific gravity among various materials sink, and various materials having a small specific gravity float. That is, since the various materials have different specific gravities, the material having a large specific gravity moves downward and the material having a small specific gravity moves upward due to vibration. The various materials having a small specific gravity that have floated are discharged and collected outside the sorting container. Next, various materials with large specific gravity remaining in the sorting container are
It slides down along the inclined surface of the slide installed outside the sorting container. Here, since the frictional resistance at the time of sliding down differs depending on the material, the drop position when various materials fall from the slide differs due to the difference in frictional resistance. Therefore, by collecting the material for each falling position, it becomes possible to further sort various materials having a large specific gravity. In the method of separating industrial waste according to (2) above, the various materials separated by sliding down the slide are separated based on color or transparency.
Therefore, it is possible to separate only the material having a specific color and transparency from the various materials dropped from the slide to the specific position. In the method of separating industrial waste according to the above (3), various materials separated by sliding on a slide are separated by a sieve. Therefore, among various materials that have fallen from the slide to a specific position, it is possible to separate materials within a predetermined size and materials other than the predetermined size. In the method (4) for sorting industrial waste, the various materials sorted by sliding down the slide are sorted based on color or transparency and then sorted by a sieve. Therefore, among various materials that have dropped from the slide to a specific position, only the material having a specific color or transparency and a certain size can be separated. In the above-mentioned (5) apparatus for separating industrial waste, various materials of the industrial waste put in the separating container are vibrated by the vibrator. Due to this vibration, various materials move in a spiral passage extending along the inner wall surface of the sorting container. When various materials move in the spiral passage, the material having a small specific gravity among the various materials floats due to the vibration, and the material having a large specific gravity sinks. Since a weir is provided in the middle of the spiral passage,
The vibration prevents the movement of the material with a low specific gravity that has levitated. The material of which the specific gravity is prevented from moving is discharged from the first discharge port provided on the upstream side of the weir to the outside of the sorting container and collected. The material having a large specific gravity that has passed through the weir is discharged from the second discharge port toward a slide provided outside the sorting container. Various materials with large specific gravity discharged to the slide slide down along the inclined surface of the slide, but the friction resistance when sliding down varies depending on the material, so when different materials fall from the slide due to the difference in friction resistance. The falling position of is different. Therefore, by collecting the material for each falling position, it becomes possible to further sort various materials having a large specific gravity.

[0008]

1 to 9 show a first embodiment of the present invention, FIGS. 10 to 13 show a modification of the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 14 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. Is shown. FIG. 15 shows a third embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS.
Reference numeral 8 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention. First, the process of producing dust to be separated will be described with reference to FIG. 9, and the configuration and operation common to each embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
It will be described with reference to FIGS. However, common components are denoted by the same reference numerals throughout the embodiments.

First, the production process of dust to be separated in the present invention will be described. In FIG. 9, reference numeral 1 denotes a car that has been scrapped. The automobiles 1 are stacked and are supplied to the feed conveyor 4 by the loader 3 one by one. The automobile 1 placed on the feed conveyor 4 is transferred to the shredder 5. Shredder 5
The automobile 1 supplied to the above is crushed into an appropriate size.
When the automobile 1 is crushed by the shredder 5, dust is generated in the shredder 5, and the dust is captured by the cyclone 6 and the wet scrubber 7.

Vehicle 1 crushed by shredder 5
Is an industrial waste in which various materials are mixed. Various materials of industrial waste are conveyed to the wind shifter magnetic separator 12 by the conveyor 9. Dust is generated when the various materials are separated by the wind shifter magnetic separator 12, and the dust is captured by the cyclone 8. Dust 13 captured by cyclones 6 and 8 and wet scrubber 7.
Are transported and collected by the conveyors 10 and 11. The iron scrap 15 which is a magnetic material among the various materials sorted by the wind shifter magnetic separator 12 is conveyed and collected by the conveyor 14.

Various materials sorted as non-magnetic materials by the wind shifter magnetic separator 12 are supplied to the hanging magnetic separator 16. The various materials that have passed through the hanging magnetic separator 16 are
It is conveyed to a rotary sieving machine (Trommel) 17. Before being conveyed to the rotary sieve 17, scraps of aluminum or stainless steel mixed in various materials are manually separated. The separated aluminum or stainless steel metal scraps are transferred to the conveyor 18 and collected.

In the rotary sieving machine 17, various materials are sorted based on size. Of the various materials sorted by the rotary sieving machine 17, various materials having a large size are supplied to a vibrating sieving machine (vibrozot) 19. Various materials having a large size separated by the vibration sieving machine 19 are conveyed by the conveyor 20 and collected. The various materials screened by the vibrating sieving machine 19 are supplied to the rotary sieving machine (Trommel) 22 by the conveyor 21. The rotary sieving machine 22 has two types of wire mesh (not shown).
Is provided. The wire mesh on the upstream side of the rotary sieving machine 22 has a mesh of 12 to 20 mm square, and the wire mesh on the downstream side has a mesh of 20 to 30 mm square.

Below the rotary sieving machine 22 is a hopper 2
3, 24, 25 are provided. The various materials discharged to the hoppers 23 and 24 are collected or then discarded or reused. The various materials having a size of 35 mm or more discharged to the hopper 25 are supplied to the conveyor 26 and are manually fed by aluminum, copper, zinc, brass, stainless steel,
It is sorted by material such as wire harness (electric wire).

Various materials having a diameter of 12 mm or less, which have been sifted by the rotary sieving machine 17 arranged in the next step of the hanging magnetic separator 16, are supplied to the hopper 28 by the conveyor 27. The various materials put into the hopper 28 are conveyed to the air table 30 by the conveyor 29. The air table 30 separates various materials by wind force, and materials such as copper, brass, and zinc having a large specific gravity are supplied to the conveyor 31, and aluminum and glass having a small specific gravity are supplied to the conveyor 32. Each conveyor 31, 32
The various materials conveyed by are collected in the collection containers 33 and 34.

The recovery container 33 containing various materials having relatively small specific gravity such as aluminum and glass is transported to a hopper 35 arranged in a separate process. Various materials in the collection container 33 are put into the hopper 35. After the various materials put into the hopper 35 are separated into a magnetic material and a non-magnetic material by the rotary magnetic separator 37 of the eddy current separator 36, the various materials made of the separated non-magnetic material are eddy current generating parts. It was conveyed to 38, and various materials 39 made of non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, zinc, brass, and copper, dust 40 mixed with various materials, and the rotary magnetic separator 37 could not be separated by utilizing the eddy current. The magnetic material 41 is separated. FIG. 7 shows the composition of the dust 40.

In each of the embodiments, the dust 40 sorted by the eddy current sorter 36 is the target of industrial waste, but in the present invention, the size of various materials crushed by the shredder 5 is a predetermined size. If so, various materials discharged from the shredder 5 can be used as they are for separation. Dust 40 separated by the eddy current separator 36
In the past, the material was discarded as it is, but according to the present invention, various materials mixed in the dust 40 can be recycled.

FIG. 1 shows a rotary vibration sorter 50 for separating dust as industrial waste, in which various materials are mixed by crushing, for each material. Rotary vibration sorting device 50
Is a mount 52, a shaker 54, a sorting container 60, a slide 70
It has. On the upper surface of the pedestal 52, the electric vibrator 5
4 is fixed. The vibration exciter 54 vibrates vertically and horizontally as indicated by the arrow, and the frequency and amplitude can be set arbitrarily. A sorting container 60 is arranged directly above the shaker 54. Shaker 54 and sorting container 6
0 is connected via a spring 56. Sorting container 60
The vibration from the vibration exciter 54 is transmitted via the spring 56. The frequency of the sorting container 60 is set to, for example, 60 Hz, and the amplitude is set to, for example, 0.02 to 0.1 mm.

The sorting container 60 is formed in a cylindrical shape having an open top. An inner wall surface 6 is provided on the inner wall side of the sorting container 60.
A spiral passage 62 extending in a spiral shape along 1 is formed. The spiral passage 62 is composed of an inner wall surface 61, a bottom wall 62a and a side wall 62b. The upstream end (lower end) of the spiral passage 62 is connected to the bottom surface portion 63 of the sorting container 60. As shown in FIG. 7, various materials such as metal, plastic, and glass are mixed in the dust 40 put into the sorting container 60. The dust 40 is the bottom surface portion 6 of the sorting container 60.
3, the dust 40 thrown into the bottom surface portion 63 moves up the spiral passage 62 by the vibration from the vibrator 54.

Of the dust 40 moving in the spiral passage 62, various materials 40a having a large specific gravity are settled by the vibration from the vibration exciter 54. The various materials 40b having a small specific gravity are floated by the vibration from the vibrator 54. In the middle of the spiral passage 62, a weir 64 is provided to prevent the movement of various materials 40b having a small specific gravity, which are floated by vibration. The weir 64 is the separation container 6
It extends downward from the top of 0. A gap 65 is formed between the lower surface of the weir 64 and the bottom wall 62a of the spiral passage 62, through which various materials 40a having a large specific gravity settled by vibration pass.

On the upstream side of the weir 64 in the spiral passage 62, there is provided a first discharge port 66 for discharging various raw materials 40b having a small specific gravity, the movement of which is blocked by the weir 64, to the outside of the sorting container 60. . The first discharge port 66 has a substantially U-shaped cross section and extends outward from the outer peripheral surface of the sorting container 60. Below the first outlet 66, the first
A collection box 67 for collecting the various materials 40b discharged from the discharge port 66 is arranged.

On the downstream side of the weir 64 in the spiral passage 62, a material having a large specific gravity that has passed through the weir 64 is sorted into a sorting container 60.
A second discharge port 68 for discharging to the outside is provided. Second
The discharge port 68 has a substantially U-shaped cross section and extends outward from the outer peripheral surface of the sorting container 60. The second discharge port 68 is provided at the downstream end of the spiral passage 62 in this embodiment. It is desirable that the second discharge port 68 be provided so as to extend tangentially to the inner wall surface 61 in order to smoothly discharge various materials.

A slide 70 is provided just below the second discharge port 68.
Is arranged. The slide 70 is fixed to the pedestal 52 via columns 71. The slide 70 includes a bottom wall 70a having an inclined surface and side walls 70b located at both ends of the bottom wall 70a.
It consists of and. The inclination angle of the bottom wall 70a of the slide 70 is set to 20 to 25 °. The slide 70 is swingable with respect to the column 71, and the inclination angle of the slide 70 can be set to an arbitrary value.

The various materials having a large specific gravity discharged from the second discharge port 68 slide down the bottom wall 70a of the slide 70. The slide 70 has a function of changing the falling position of various materials due to the difference in frictional resistance of various materials when sliding down. Below the slide 70, a collection box 72 for collecting various materials falling from the slide 70 is provided. The collection box 72 is divided into two by a partition plate 73. The first box 72 a of the collection box 72 is located almost immediately below the tip of the second discharge port 68, and the collection box 72 a
The second box 72b is disposed at a position slightly apart from just below the tip of the second discharge port.

Next, operations common to the respective embodiments will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, when the dust 40 as industrial waste is put into the sorting container 60, various materials of the dust 40 vibrate due to the vibration from the vibration exciter 54, and go up the spiral passage 62. Go. This is similar to the principle of aligning the bolts and nuts in a row by the parts feeder. Of the dust 40 moving in the spiral passage 62, the metal and glass having a large specific gravity settle down due to the vibration from the vibration exciter 54, and the plastic having a small specific gravity floats up due to the vibration from the vibration exciter 54.

Since the weir 64 is provided in the middle of the spiral passage 62, the floating various materials having a small specific gravity are prevented from moving to the downstream side due to vibration. Since the various materials having a small specific gravity that have floated move continuously from the upstream side toward the weir 64, the material blocked by the weir 64 is pushed out by the moving material, and the first discharge port It is discharged from the separation container 60 from 66. First outlet 6
Various materials having a small specific gravity dropped from 6 are collected by the collection box 67. FIG. 8A shows the composition of various raw materials 40 a collected in the collection box 67.

Various materials 4 having a large specific gravity that have passed through the weir 64
0a further moves up the spiral passage 62 and is discharged from the second discharge port 68 to the outside of the sorting container 60. Since the slide 70 is provided below the second discharge port 68, the various materials 40a having a large specific gravity are used as the bottom wall 70a of the slide 70.
Slides down and falls into the collection box 72. Here, since the frictional resistance at the time of sliding down differs depending on the material, the drop positions when various materials fall from the slide 70 differ due to the difference in frictional resistance. This is because the heavy granular material exhibits rolling resistance, and the heavy and flat material exhibits sliding resistance.

Since the material with rolling resistance has a high sliding speed, it will fly far from the slide 70 and fall into the second box 72b of the recovery box 72. The material with slip resistance has a slower sliding speed, so that the flight distance to the slide 70 becomes shorter and the material falls into the first box 72a of the recovery box 72. The composition of the material dropped into the first box 72a is as shown in FIG. 8B, and the composition of the material dropped into the second box 72b is as shown in FIG. 8C.

As shown in FIG. 8A, the composition of the dust 40 discharged from the first discharge port 66 and collected in the collecting box 67 is such that the weight ratio (W%) is 11% for glass and 72% for plastic. , Metal was 17%. The composition of the dust 40 dropped from the slide 70 and collected in the first box 72a of the collection box 72 is 42% by weight (W%) of glass and 7% of plastic.
It was 2% and metal 17%. Similarly, the composition of the dust 40 dropped from the slide 70 and collected in the second box 72b is
The weight ratio (W%) was 90% glass, 6% plastic, and 4% metal.

By changing the vibration frequency, the amplitude, and the inclination angle of the slide 70 in the rotary vibration sorter 50 according to the type of industrial waste, the sorting ability of various materials can be improved even for different industrial wastes. Can be optimal,
It can be widely applied to industrial waste other than automobiles.

10 to 13 show a modification of the sorting container in the first embodiment. 10 to 13
As shown in FIG. 7, a horizontal partition plate 80 extending upstream along the bottom wall 62 a of the spiral passage 62 is provided between the weir 64 and the first discharge port 66 in the spiral passage 62. The vertical position of the horizontal partition plate 80 coincides with the lower end of the weir 64. Between the horizontal partition plate 80 and the bottom wall 62a, there is provided a gap 81 through which various materials having large specific gravity pass. The horizontal partition plate 80 physically separates a material having a small specific gravity floated by vibration from a material having a large specific gravity settled by vibration, and the material having a small specific gravity prevented from moving by the weir 64 is mixed with the material having a large specific gravity. It has a function to prevent it.

The horizontal partition plate 80 has a plurality of escape holes 80.
a is formed. The escape hole 80a is provided for releasing the floating material having a small specific gravity above the horizontal partition plate 80 when a material having a small specific gravity mixed in various materials having a large specific gravity passing through the gap 81 floats due to vibration. It is a thing.

The second outlet 68 in the spiral passage 62
A vertical partition plate 82 for partitioning the spiral passage 62 in the radial direction is provided in the vicinity of. The downstream end of the spiral passage 62 is divided into an outer passage 62d and an inner passage 62e by a vertical partition plate 82. The second outlet 68 is connected to the downstream end of the outer passage 62d. Inner passage 62
The downstream end of e is connected to the return passage 83 formed on the outer peripheral surface side of the sorting container 60. The downstream end (lower end) of the return passage 83 is connected to the bottom surface portion 63 of the sorting container 60 via the opening 61 a of the inner wall surface 61.

Of the various materials that have passed through the weir 64 of the spiral passage 62, the material having a large specific gravity enters the outer passage 62d,
A material having a small specific gravity enters the inner passage 62e. The various materials that have entered the outer passage 62d are
The various materials discharged to the outside of the sorting container 60 from the discharge port 68 and entering the inner passage 62e are returned to the bottom surface portion 63 of the sorting container 60 via the return passage 83.

In the modification of FIGS. 10 to 13,
Since the horizontal partition plate 80 is provided in the spiral passage 62, the material having a small specific gravity, which is floated by vibration, is less likely to be mixed with the material having a large specific gravity, and the sorting ability can be improved. Further, since the downstream end of the spiral passage 62 is divided into the outer passage 62d and the inner passage 62e by the vertical partition plate 82, it becomes possible to further sort various materials having large specific gravity by the difference in specific gravity, Ultimately, only various materials with a large specific gravity can be separated with high accuracy.

Next, the structure and operation peculiar to the second embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 14, in the present embodiment, among the various materials 40a having large specific gravity sorted by the rotary vibration sorter 50, those that fall into the second box 72a are further sorted based on color or transparency. Is. The various materials dropped from the slide 70 of the rotary vibration sorter 50 to the second box 72b of the collection box 72 are sorted by the color sorter 90. The color sorter 90 includes a belt conveyor 92 attached to a frame 91. Belt conveyor 9
A hopper 93 is arranged above one of the two. Various materials that have fallen into the second box 72b of the collection box 72 are put into the hopper 93. The various materials put into the hopper 93 are continuously supplied to the belt conveyor 92. Above the other side of the belt conveyor 92, a CCD (solid-state image sensor) camera 94 for picking up images of various materials on the belt conveyor 92 is provided.

At the end of the belt conveyor 92 on the side where the CCD camera 94 is provided, the sorting passage 9 extending obliquely downward is provided.
5 is formed. The sorting passage 95 is the upper passage 95a.
And a lower passage 95b. The various materials discharged from the belt conveyor 92 are usually the upper passage 95a.
It is designed to enter. An air gun 96 for injecting air toward various materials discharged from the belt conveyor 92 is provided above the entrance of the sorting passage 95.

The air gun 96 is designed to operate based on a signal from the CCD camera 94. That is, when the CCD camera 94 detects a material that does not have the color or transparency stored in advance, the air gun 96 determines that the material is to be removed and injects air toward the material to remove the material. The lower passage 95b is made to enter. A collection box 97 is provided below the outlet of the upper passage 95a. A recovery box 98 is provided below the outlet of the lower passage 95b.

In the second embodiment, various materials put in the hopper 93 are continuously conveyed to the CCD camera 94 side by the belt conveyor 92. Color sorter 90
Stores the color of the material to be sorted, so CCD
When the material having the same color as the stored color is detected by the camera 94, the air is not ejected from the air gun 96. When a material having a color or a color different from the transparency stored in advance is detected, air is ejected from the air gun 96 toward the material, and the material is blown downward by the air. The material blown off by the air surely enters the lower passage 95b and falls into the recovery box 98. Therefore, only the material having a specific color or transparency can be sorted out from various materials, and the sorting ability of the material is enhanced.

Next, the structure and operation peculiar to the third embodiment will be described. As shown in FIG. 15, in the present embodiment, of various raw materials 40a having a large specific gravity sorted by the rotary vibration sorter 50, those that fall into the second box 72a are sorted by a sieve. Rotary vibration sorter 50
Various materials that have fallen from the slide 70 to the second box 72b of the recovery box 72 are sorted by the rotary sieving machine 100. The rotary sieving machine 100 has an inclined mount 101. On the gantry 101, a cylindrical sieve 103 is rotatably provided via a rotating roller 102. A hopper 104 into which various materials are put is provided near the entrance of the sieve 103.

The sieve 103 is composed of a wire mesh. The mesh size of the sieve 103 is 3 mm. The sieve 103 is configured to rotate at a predetermined rotation speed around the shaft center by a motor (not shown). Of the various materials that have entered the inside of the sieve 103, the sieve 10
Material smaller than the mesh size of 3 falls from the sieve 103,
It is collected in a collection box 115 provided under the gantry 101. Of the various materials that have entered the inside of the sieve 103, those that are larger than the mesh of the sieve 103 are discharged to the outlet side of the sieve 103 and collected in the collection box 106.

In the third embodiment, by rotating the sieve 103, materials of a specific size or smaller can be sieved out of various materials, and the purity of the material discharged from the outlet side of the sieve 103 can be increased. it can. In addition, in the present embodiment, the rotary type sieve is used, but the same effect can be obtained by the configuration using the vibration type sieve.

Next, the structure and operation peculiar to the fourth embodiment will be described. As shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, in the present embodiment, various materials 40a having a large specific gravity sorted by the rotary vibration sorter 50 are sorted by the color sorter 90 and the rotary sieving machine 100. As shown in FIG. 16, various materials dropped from the slide 70 of the rotary vibration sorter 50 into the second box 72b of the collection box 72 are sorted by the color sorter 90, and then the rotary sieving machine 10 is used.
Sorted by 0. Since the configurations of the color sorter 90 and the rotary sieving machine 100 have been described in the second and third embodiments, the same reference numerals are given and the description thereof is omitted.

The fourth embodiment is intended to increase the purity of glass scraps among the various materials mixed in the dust 40. As shown in FIG. 17, in the dust 40 in which various materials are mixed, in step 150, the rotary vibration sorter 5
By 0, the material having large slip resistance (plastic particles, wire harness pieces) is removed, and the relatively light and large material (coated wire harness pieces, plastic particles, etc.) are removed. The composition of various materials recovered in the second box 72b of the recovery box 72 by the rotary vibration sorter 50 is the same as that in FIG. 8C.

In step 151, the color sorter 90 causes a relatively large material (plastic particles, which does not transmit light).
Metal particles, etc.) are removed. The composition of the dust 40 supplied from the color sorter 90 to the rotary sieving machine 100 is shown in FIG.
As shown in (A) of, the gas ratio is 96 by weight ratio (W%).
%, Plastic 3%, metal 1%. FIG. 18B shows the composition of the dust 40 removed by the air jet of the color sorter 90, and the weight ratio (W%).
16% glass, 49% plastic, 35 metal
%.

In step 152, the various materials sorted by the color sorter 90 are supplied to the rotary sieving machine 100. The various materials supplied to the rotary sieving machine 100 contain about 2% of fine wires, copper wires, fine-grained plastic scraps, etc. that could not be removed by the color sorter 90. Sieve rotating 10
By passing through 3, dust with small particles (small glass particles, plastic particles, wire harness pieces, etc.) can be removed.

[0046]

[Table 1]

Table 1 shows the glass recovery rate and the gas la content rate in the fourth embodiment. When various materials sorted by the color sorter 90 are further processed by the rotary sieving machine 100, fine wires, copper wires, and fine plastic scraps are sorted into glass scraps of a certain size or more by classification, and Table 1 As shown in, the glass scrap material having a high purity of 99.8% can be separately collected.

In each of the above-mentioned embodiments, the case of separating glass scraps produced by the crushing of automobiles has been described.
It can also be applied to the case of separately collecting valuables from other industrial wastes containing plastic scraps and the like. For example, in the case of recycling glass waste, industrial waste such as televisions and lighting equipment is also a subject of the present invention. Generally, it is said that recycled materials are more expensive than virgin materials, but most of them are caused by separated collection costs, which is an obstacle to recycling industrial waste. In the present invention,
Since materials such as rubber, which cannot be separated mechanically or economically, can be separated easily and efficiently, the separation and collection cost can be reduced, which greatly contributes to the promotion of recycling of industrial waste. it can. Further, in each of the above-described embodiments, the sorting order can be changed in consideration of the sorting accuracy and workability.

[0049]

【The invention's effect】

(1) According to the method for separating industrial waste of claim 1, various materials having large specific gravity and various materials having small specific gravity are separated by the vibration from the vibration exciter, and then various materials having large specific gravity are separated from the slide. Since the material is further separated according to the difference in the falling position due to the slipping, the various materials can be separated with high accuracy and a simple method. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the cost for separating and collecting the industrial waste, and to promote the recycling of the industrial waste. (2) According to the method for separating industrial waste of claim 2, since various materials separated by sliding on a slide are separated based on the color or transparency of the material, the material having a specific color or transparency. Only the waste can be sorted, and the sorting ability can be further enhanced. (3) According to the method for separating industrial waste of claim 3, since the various materials separated by sliding on the slide are separated by a sieve, fine dust mixed in the various materials is removed. It is possible to increase the purity of the separated material. (4) According to the industrial waste sorting method of claim 4, the various materials sorted by sliding down the slide are sorted based on the color or transparency of the material, and then sorted based on the color or transparency. Since the sifter is used for further separation, the separation ability and the purity of the material can be further improved. (5) According to the industrial waste sorting apparatus of claim 5, since the sorting based on the difference in specific gravity using the vibration from the vibration exciter and the sorting using the frictional resistance at the time of sliding by the slide are used.
The apparatus can be simplified, the equipment for separation can be downsized, and the equipment cost can be reduced. In addition, since there are few failures and no advanced technology is required for handling, running costs can be reduced.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of an industrial waste sorting apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of FIG.

3 is a sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.

4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG.

5 is a sectional development view taken along the line CC of FIG.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a state in which movement of various materials having small specific gravity is blocked by the weir of FIG.

FIG. 7 is a composition diagram of dust generated by the separation process of FIG.

FIG. 8 is a composition diagram after the dust in FIG. 9 is separated.

FIG. 9 is a process chart showing an example of an industrial waste sorting process to which the present invention is applied.

10 is a plan view showing a modified example of the sorting container in FIG. 1. FIG.

11 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD of FIG.

12 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line EE of FIG.

13 is a sectional development view taken along the line FF in FIG.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a sorting device used in a method for sorting industrial waste according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a sorting apparatus used in a method for sorting industrial waste according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a sorting device used in a method for sorting industrial waste according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure by the classification device of FIG. 16.

FIG. 18 is a composition diagram after dust is sorted by a color sorter in the sorting apparatus of FIG. 16.

[Explanation of symbols]

 40 Dust as Industrial Waste 50 Rotational Vibration Separation Device 54 Exciter 60 Separation Container 62 Spiral Passage 64 Weir 66 First Discharge Port 68 Second Discharge Port 70 Sliding Plate 80 Horizontal Partition Plate 82 Vertical Partition Plate 83 Return Passage 90 Color sorter 100 Rotary sieving machine

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Internal reference number FI Technical display location // B09B 5/00 ZAB (72) Inventor Toshiyuki Masiki 1 Toyota Town, Toyota City, Aichi Prefecture Toyota Automobile Within the corporation

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. Industrial waste mixed with various materials by crushing is put into a sorting container connected to a shaker, and various materials having a large specific gravity are shaken among the industrial waste put into the sorting container. In addition to being settled by the vibration from the machine, various materials with a small specific gravity were floated up, and only the various materials with a small specific gravity that floated were discharged from the separation container and collected, and various materials with a large specific gravity were provided outside the separation container. Separation of industrial waste characterized by sliding down along the inclined surface of the slide and further separating various materials with a large specific gravity according to the difference in the falling position of various materials due to the difference in frictional resistance of the various materials at the time of sliding Method. 2. Industrial waste mixed with various materials by crushing is put into a sorting container connected to a shaker, and various materials having a large specific gravity are shaken among the industrial waste put into the sorting container. In addition to being settled by the vibration from the machine, various materials with a small specific gravity were floated up, and only the various materials with a small specific gravity that floated were discharged from the separation container and collected, and various materials with a large specific gravity were provided outside the separation container. Various materials with a large specific gravity are further separated by sliding along the inclined surface of the slide, and due to the difference in the drop position of the various materials due to the difference in frictional resistance of the various materials during the slide, the various materials separated by the slide on the slide. A method for separating industrial waste, characterized in that the waste is separated based on the color or transparency of the material. 3. Industrial waste mixed with various materials by crushing is put into a sorting container connected to a shaker, and various materials having a large specific gravity are shaken among the industrial waste put into the sorting container. In addition to being settled by the vibration from the machine, various materials with a small specific gravity were floated up, and only the various materials with a small specific gravity that floated were discharged from the separation container and collected, and various materials with a large specific gravity were provided outside the separation container. Various materials with a large specific gravity are further separated by sliding along the inclined surface of the slide, and due to the difference in the drop position of the various materials due to the difference in frictional resistance of the various materials during the slide, the various materials separated by the slide on the slide. A method for separating industrial waste, characterized in that it is separated by a sieve. 4. Industrial waste mixed with various materials by crushing is put into a sorting container connected to a shaker, and various materials having a large specific gravity among the industrial waste put into the sorting container are vibrated. In addition to being settled by the vibration from the machine, various materials with a small specific gravity were floated up, and only the various materials with a small specific gravity that floated were discharged from the separation container and collected, and various materials with a large specific gravity were provided outside the separation container. Various materials with a large specific gravity are further separated by sliding along the inclined surface of the slide, and due to the difference in the drop position of the various materials due to the difference in frictional resistance of the various materials during the slide, the various materials separated by the slide on the slide. The method for separating industrial waste, characterized in that the material is sorted based on the color or transparency of the material, and then the material sorted based on the color or transparency is further sorted by a sieve. Law. 5. A separation container into which industrial waste mixed with various materials by crushing is put, a shaker connected to the separation container for applying vibration to the separation container, and an inner wall surface of the separation container. A spiral passage that extends in a spiral along which various materials move due to vibration from the vibration exciter, and floats due to vibration among the various materials that are provided in the middle of the spiral passage and that move through the spiral passage. A weir for preventing the movement of the material having a small specific gravity, a first discharge port provided on the upstream side of the weir for discharging the material having a small specific gravity, the movement of which is blocked by the weir, to the outside of the sorting container; A slide provided on the downstream side for discharging a material having a large specific gravity that has passed through the weir to the outside of the sorting container, and a slide having an inclined surface on which the material having a large specific gravity discharged from the second outlet slides down. And is equipped with A device for separating industrial waste.