JP2913034B1 - Air flow separation device for solids - Google Patents

Abstract

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To vary a speed and a distribution of an airflow in an airflow separation duct by a change in a cross-sectional area in the duct, to enable a wide range of separation from a substance having a small density to a substance having a large density, and to realize a shape and a size of a solid material. Provided is an air flow separation device that can effectively separate and separate due to a difference in height or the like or a difference in buoyancy caused by a posture of a solid. SOLUTION: A solid material supply port 22 is provided in an air flow separation duct 1.
A plurality of slit plates 12 are provided so as to be able to protrude and retract so that the cross-sectional area of the airflow sorting duct 1 is variably narrowed, including the upper and lower sides, so that the levitation force of solids can be adjusted.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Municipal solid waste is mainly disposed of by landfill after loss and reduction. However, problems such as difficulty in securing landfills and environmental destruction due to landfills have arisen. Given the fact that the perception of limited resources is becoming a reality with global economic development,
It is extremely uneconomical to dispose of municipal solid waste that contains a lot of paper, plastic, and metals. Therefore, from the viewpoint of resource recycling and environmental conservation, some municipalities have attempted to sort and separate valuable resources in municipal waste for reuse. However, sorting of municipal solid waste is currently
At present, no sorting device suitable for such processing has been developed. In recent years, OA equipment and personal computers widely used in homes have been disposed of in large quantities. Many of the IC components and substrates used in these devices contain metals that are valuable resources. Currently, they are shredded with a shredder and subjected to magnetic separation and specific gravity separation, but the recovered materials are sent to a smelter in a mixed state of various shapes and various types of metals. Not only that, but it is not possible to improve the recycling rate.

[0002] The present invention is mainly based on the above-mentioned city garbage,
Including the industrial waste, etc., related to the airflow sorting device that sorts solids using the shape, size, density difference,
More specifically, by using a gas such as air as a separation medium, water is used as a medium, such as one that dissolves in water or changes its quality upon contact with water, or one that is used as a fuel after separation and separation. The present invention relates to an air flow sorting device used for sorting which is disadvantageous in a so-called wet processing method.

[0003]

2. Description of the Related Art A wind-type sorting apparatus is generally used as a dry-type specific gravity sorting machine. In some cases, this wind separator is used to sort municipal solid waste, but at present, it only separates and collects sheets such as paper and plastic, and is used for the mutual separation of plastics and metals. A possible device has not yet been developed. Other,
There are jigs, tables, fluidized beds, etc., but testing and research has been started for practical use. In addition, there is a cyclone sorting apparatus using centrifugal force, but it is used only for classification and dust collection and cannot be used for sorting waste. In other words, the dry specific gravity separator using gas as the sorting medium, which is currently being developed, can separate sheets and films such as paper and plastic with low specific gravity and large buoyancy, It is not possible to separate solid or bulky solids.

On the other hand, the present inventors have previously disclosed Patent No. 2636.
No. 160 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 7-204584) proposes an air flow separation device for separating and separating a target substance from a refuse or a solid material equivalent thereto using an air flow as a separation medium. This proposed airflow separation device supplies a plurality of cylinders having different cross-sectional areas or an airflow separation cylinder formed by connecting these cylinders and truncated cones in a column, while supplying solids to be separated and separated. , A constant flow rate of gas is supplied from below the airflow sorting cylinder, and in the airflow sorting cylinder, a difference is generated in the buoyancy of various solids due to an airflow velocity and a velocity distribution that vary according to the cross-sectional area thereof. The solids are sorted based on the difference in the floating position occupied by the solids in the airflow sorting cylinder.

[0005] The air flow separation device having such a configuration can cope with the separation and separation of various solids by connecting a plurality of cylinders having different cross-sectional areas or a combination of these cylinders and a truncated cone. However, fluctuations in the sorting operation or sorting state in the airflow separation cylinder, such as responding to slight changes in the properties of the solids supplied during operation of the airflow separation device, and responding to excessive stagnation of intermediate floating materials, etc. Has not yet been fully considered. Therefore, within the range of the above-mentioned proposal, once a plurality of cylinders or truncated cones are connected to form an airflow sorting device, the airflow sorting device can be applied only to the steady sorting and separation of a specific solid. There was a problem.

[0006]

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to basically change the speed and distribution of the airflow flowing in the airflow separation duct by partially changing the cross-sectional area inside the duct, Utilizing the fact that the buoyancy of solids increases or decreases in the basin, it is possible to separate materials such as plastics, metals such as aluminum and copper, or metals and non-metals from small-density materials. It enables a wide range of separation up to large substances, and also enables effective separation and separation due to differences in the shape and size of solids, or differences in buoyancy due to the attitude of solids in the airflow. An object of the present invention is to provide an airflow sorting device.

[0007] Another characteristic technical problem of the present invention is that the air flow velocity and the velocity distribution in the duct are changed during the operation of the air flow separation device to slightly change the properties of the solid material and to cause intermediate floating. It is an object of the present invention to provide an airflow sorting device which can immediately respond to the elimination of excessive stagnation of articles.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides an airflow supply port connected to an airflow supply source and a fallen object collection device at a lower portion of an airflow separation duct for airflow separation of solids. A bunker is provided, and a float guide duct is provided at an upper part of the duct to communicate with a bunker for float collection, and a solid material supply port for supplying a solid to be sorted is opened at an intermediate portion. In the sorting duct, including the top and bottom of the solids supply port, a plurality of slit plates that can variably constrict the cross-sectional area of the airflow sorting duct and adjust the levitation force of the solids are arranged so that they can come and go. It is assumed that.

In the above-mentioned air flow separation device, the air flow supply ports are each provided with a plurality of air flow control dampers, and the dampers can be independently adjusted. Can be provided with a plurality of sorting bunkers that can be selected by a movable sorting plate. Furthermore, a supply port of an accelerating airflow for accelerating the floating material is provided along the floating material guiding duct, and the bunker for floating material collection can be constituted by a plurality of sorting bunkers partitioned by the floating material sorting plate.

In these cases, a sensor for detecting the quality or quantity of the supplied solid substance is provided in a part of the airflow separation duct, and a slit plate for changing the cross-sectional area of the duct based on the output of the sensor is provided. Mouth supply damper,
At least one of the airflow adjustment damper at the airflow supply port, the movable partition plate in the bunker for falling object collection, and the floating material sorting plate in the bunker for floating material collection, is changed to a bunker for collecting intermediate floating material or intermediate floating material. And a control device for controlling the drive to eliminate the stagnation.

[0011] In the air flow separation device having the above-mentioned structure, an appropriate number of slit plates for variably narrowing the cross-sectional area of the flow path are arranged in the air flow separation duct, and the cross-sectional area of the narrowed portion in the air flow separation duct is determined by the slit plates. When appropriately adjusted by taking in and out of the airflow separation duct, the flow velocity of a certain amount of airflow supplied from the lower part of the airflow separation duct can be arbitrarily increased or decreased in those narrow portions. In addition, by adjusting the cross-sectional area of the airflow separation duct in the plurality of slit plates, the flow velocity distribution in the duct can be arbitrarily set without changing the flow rate of the supplied airflow. Therefore, when solid particles are supplied into the airflow separation duct, a levitation force due to the difference between the fluid drag and the gravity acts on the solid particles, and the levitation force is applied to the shape, size, and density of the solid material. The difference in levitation force is increased or decreased due to the difference or the attitude of the solids in the airflow direction, so the difference in buoyancy is apparently amplified, and solids with relatively large buoyancy are selectively increased in stenosis. On the other hand, solids with relatively low buoyancy tend to stall in low-speed airflow, and as a result, the difference in buoyancy between different types of solids is relatively widened to sort solids. Can be performed.

Further, in the above-mentioned air flow separation device, the overall properties of the solid particles supplied for the separation gradually change, or the intermediate floating particles flowing in the air flow separation duct become overcrowded to be separated. May severely interfere with operation. In such a case, a slit plate that changes the cross-sectional area of the airflow separation duct, a supply damper for the solid supply port, an airflow adjustment damper for the airflow supply port, a movable partition plate in a bunker for collecting fallen objects, or a device for collecting floating objects By operating any of the floating material sorting plates in the bunker, or a plurality of them, even when the airflow sorting device is operating,
It is possible to easily shift or return to a normal sorting operation. Further, the operations of the slit plate, the damper, the partition plate, the sorting plate, etc. are controlled by a control device based on the output of the sensor after detecting the quality or quantity of the solid matter with a sensor provided in the airflow separation duct. This makes it possible to automate the sorting operation under optimal conditions.

[0013]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of an airflow separation device according to the present invention. This air flow separation device mainly includes an air flow separation duct 1, a solid matter supply unit 2, an air flow supply unit 3, a falling object recovery unit 4, and a floating material recovery unit 5, and their main parts are a steel plate, a stainless steel plate,
It is prepared using a metal plate such as an aluminum plate, a plate of various plastic materials, or a plate of a composite material thereof.

The air flow separation duct 1 is formed by sequentially connecting a plurality of rectangular cylindrical unit ducts 11 incorporating a slit plate 12 for air flow acceleration by flanges 13 at both ends, and substantially at the middle of the ducts. The unit is provided with a solid material supply unit 2. The solid supply unit 2 supplies solids into the unit duct 11 through a solid supply port 22 having a supply damper 23 from a solid storage hopper 21 that stores solid particles to be sorted. It is. Further, the air flow supply unit 3 provided at the lower portion includes first and second air flow supply ports 31 and 32 in which air flow adjustment dampers 33 and 34 are respectively incorporated, and a duct connected to the unit duct 11 by a flange 36. In order to enlarge the cross-sectional area of the portion 35 from the unit duct 11 and to prevent the supply airflow from directly intersecting with the falling solids at the distal ends of the airflow supply ports 31 and 32 opened in the duct portion 35, Airflow guide 3 that guides the airflow once down the duct
7,38 are installed.

A duct section 41 is provided below the airflow supply section 3.
Object recovery section 4 connected via a flange 42 at the upper end of the
Is configured as a fallen object recovery bunker, and the duct 4
A plurality of sorting bunkers 44 and 45 that can be selected by the rotating position of the movable sorting plate 43 are provided below the rotary sorting plate 1, and rotary dampers 46 and 47 are incorporated in the respective sorting bunker 44 and 45.

FIGS. 2 and 3 show details of the installation structure of the slit plate 12 for accelerating the airflow. As shown in both figures, the slit plate 12 has a slippery fluororesin (trade name: between a pair of slit plate holding angles 14 attached to a pair of opposed surfaces of the unit duct 11 respectively). It is inserted via a plate-like packing 15 such as Teflon), thereby preventing leakage of gas and making the slit plate 12 slide easily. The slit plate 12 slides on both sides of the duct unit 11 so as to be protruded and retracted in the duct, so that the flow area of the airflow in the unit duct 11 can be variably narrowed. It is possible to arbitrarily increase or decrease the flow rate of a certain amount of airflow supplied from the lower part.

That is, the slit plate 12 is a plate-shaped member disposed at right angles to the direction of the airflow flowing through the airflow separation duct 1, and the cross-sectional area of the flow passage at that portion depends on the degree of insertion of the slit plate. And the airflow velocity can be freely changed, and the flow velocity distribution in the duct 1 can be easily changed by adjusting the plurality of slit plates 12 without changing the flow rate of the supplied gas. Thus, it is possible to obtain an airflow distribution suitable for a solid to be sorted.
The shape of the flow path side end of the slit plate 12 may be formed in an optimal shape in consideration of the airflow distribution before and after the slit plate. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the slit plate 1 is formed by forming the cross-sectional shape of the tip end of the slit plate 12 into an arc shape or a shape having a tapered portion that curves smoothly up and down.
The eddy current before and after step 2 can be reduced, and the accumulation of solid matter on the slit plate 12 can be reduced. Further, if the distal end surface of the slit plate 12 is formed in a plane parallel to the inner surface of the duct unit 11, when the distal end of the slit plate is retracted to the same position as the inner wall of the unit duct 11, that portion does not have the slit plate. It can be in the same state as the duct, and therefore, it is possible to configure different combinations of airflow sorting ducts without replacing the unit duct 11 of the airflow sorting duct.

In addition, the levitated material collecting section 5 shown in FIG. 1 includes a levitated material guiding duct 51 and a levitated material collecting bunker 54 through which the levitated material is introduced. The floating material introduction duct 51 accelerates the solids levitated in the airflow separation duct 1 by continuously narrowing the cross-sectional area from the airflow separation duct 1. When the acceleration of the floating material is insufficient. For this purpose, an acceleration airflow supply port 52 for accelerating a floating object having a damper 53 is provided.
The supply port 52 for the accelerated airflow is used to transfer the floating material
Is directed so as to accelerate toward the bunker 54 side. In addition, the floating material collecting bunker 54
In consideration of the case where a plurality of solid particles having different buoyancy float, a floating material sorting plate 55a, 5 whose angle can be adjusted.
5b allows solid particles having different flight distances to be separately collected by the plurality of sorting bunkers 54a to 54c. Numerals 57a to 57c denote rotating dampers for taking out collected items from the bunker, and 58 denotes a mesh for preventing scattering of the floating collected items from the air flow outlet 59 to the outside. In the case of a sorting object including fine particles that pass through the scattering prevention mesh 58 during sorting, after the airflow outlet 59, a conventionally used cyclone classifier is installed as necessary,
What is necessary is just to separate fine particles and a supply gas.

FIG. 4 exemplifies a floating object recovery unit 6 having a configuration different from that of the floating object recovery unit 5 of FIG. This floating object recovery section is suitable for use in simply separating floating objects and falling objects, and has a flange 62 having a flange 62 connected to the flange 13 at the upper end of the airflow separation duct 1 in the embodiment of FIG. A duct 61 is provided, and a bunker 65 for levitation collection is connected to a leading end of the bunker 65 via a necessary levitation duct 63 connected to the duct 61 to collect the levitation. The bunker 65 is provided with a rotary damper 66 for taking out the floating and collected material, and a mesh 68 for preventing the floating material from scattering is attached to the air flow outlet 67.

In the gas separation apparatus having the above configuration, the air flow supply ports 31 and 32 are provided from a blower prepared in advance.
While supplying air to the solid material storage hopper 21, the supply damper 23 is opened to supply solid particles to be sorted to the airflow sorting duct 1 continuously. By adjusting one or two slit plates 12 positioned at a lower position, the cross-sectional area of the portion is adjusted so that an air flow velocity enough to sufficiently loosen the supplied solid matter (flow particles) can be obtained. Thereby, it becomes possible to efficiently perform the sorting and separating operation.

The two systems of the air flow supply ports 31 and 32 are used as follows. In the feed solids,
When there is a relatively large amount of solid matter (intermediate floating matter) having a small buoyancy and hard to fall, between the acceleration slit plates 12 near the solid matter supply unit 2 in the airflow separation duct 1,
Many of them can become excessively stagnant, flowing. At that time, it is important to promptly remove the intermediate floating materials in order to prevent a reduction in the sorting efficiency. Therefore, for example, the air flow is set in advance so that the ratio of the supply amounts from the first air flow supply port 31 and the second air flow supply port 32 becomes 6: 4, 7: 3, 8: 2 or 9: 1. When the intermediate floating material has increased to a certain extent or more, if the air flow adjusting damper 34 provided at the second air flow supply port 32 having a small supply ratio is closed for a short time, the flowing particles immediately fall. Therefore, it is possible to maintain an airflow sorting state in which the sorting is not hindered. Alternatively, the supply ratio of each airflow supply port is set to 1: 1 and the second airflow adjustment damper 34 is set.
May be changed appropriately over an appropriate time. It should be noted that the time for interrupting or changing the degree of opening / closing of the second airflow adjustment damper 34 is generally short enough to remove intermediate floating materials as falling objects. Further, as shown in the figure, the duct portion 35 having a large cross-sectional area is effective for causing falling particles to quickly reach the fallen object collection bunker. A plurality of sorting bunkers 44 and 45 in the fallen object collecting bunker are configured such that one of the bunkers 44 and 45 is used for storing fallen objects separated by airflow, and the other is used for collecting an intermediate floating material that has excessively stayed. By operating 43, each collected material can be separated.

It is sometimes the case that the float contains a plurality of types of solid components to be separated and separated, and it is desired to recover them with improved sorting accuracy and sorting efficiency. In that case, the shape (density coefficient in the fluid is different), the density or the size of these components is often different, and it is well known that the flight distance in the horizontal airflow is different. The levitated matter recovery unit 5 utilizes this principle,
As an example, three sorting bunkers 54 are prepared, and the airflow from the airflow separation duct 1 is effectively used so that the floating material can be separated and separated in the floating material collecting bunker 54 by the difference in the flight distance of the particles. I have. The levitated material guiding duct 51 accelerates the levitated material by gradually narrowing its cross-sectional area. However, if the airflow alone does not provide enough airflow for separating and separating the levitated material, the acceleration damper 53 is used. Of the floating material acceleration air supply port 52
The airflow may be supplementarily introduced from the airflow. As a matter of course, the damper 53 is to be closed when not necessary. On the other hand, the floating object recovery unit 6 of FIG. 4 is suitable for separating solids into floating objects and falling objects. The floating object recovery unit 6 is provided with a flange 62 of the floating object guiding duct 61.
Is replaced with the floating material collection unit 5 of FIG.
And can be used by being connected to the flange 13 at the end of. The floating object duct 63 may be appropriately connected in accordance with installation conditions.

During the above-mentioned sorting and separating operation,
The properties of the solids to be sorted are slightly changed and the sorting accuracy is reduced, or the particles of the intermediate floating material flowing in a part of the airflow sorting duct 1 are overcrowded, which significantly interferes with the sorting operation. There is. In such a case, an appropriate member or the like for resolving the overcrowded state may be provided on the inner surface of the slit plate 12 or the unit duct 11 to automatically operate them. By automatically controlling the presence or absence of the slit plate 12, the airflow velocity and the velocity distribution in the airflow separation duct 1 can be changed, so that it is possible to immediately respond to the improvement of the separation system and the elimination of overcrowding. The detection of whether or not the number of intermediate floats has increased to significantly impede the sorting operation is performed, for example, by sending a fixed amount of light from a light source installed on one surface of the duct unit 11 and facing the light amount detector. A change in the amount of light arriving at the other surface may be detected, and the change may be determined by comparison with a predetermined amount of light reaching the detector within a predetermined time. Alternatively, the flow rate of the solid material that is not desired to be floated may be detected by using the infrared analysis technology, and the operating range of the slit plate may be determined from the detected amount per predetermined time. In addition, various sensors for detecting the quality or quantity of the supplied solid matter can be provided in a part of the airflow separation duct.

The above operation can be easily controlled automatically by a program using a control device (computer) based on the output of each sensor. For example, the light source and the light amount detector are positioned slightly higher than the solid supply port 22. It is installed between certain two slit plates 12, 12, and the slit plate 1
2 and control the upper and lower slit plates sandwiching the solid material supply port 22 and the lower slit plate, so that the intermediate floating material can be turned into the intermediate floating material collection bunker in a very short time. Can be dropped. The objects to be driven and controlled by the control device based on the sensor output include the slit plate 12 for changing the cross-sectional area of the duct, the supply damper 23 for the solid material supply port 22, and the air flow supply ports 31 and 32.
Air flow adjusting dampers 33 and 34, movable sorter plate 43 in the fallen object recovery bunker, and floating object recovery bunker 5
4, the floating material sorting plates 55a and 55b,
At least one of them can be drive-controlled to change the bunker for collecting the intermediate levitation or to eliminate the stagnation of the intermediate levitation.

[0025]

As described in detail above, according to the air flow separation device of the present invention, the air flow velocity and the change in the velocity distribution generated in the duct effectively utilize the buoyancy force specific to each solid. Solids can be effectively sorted out, and in particular, the airflow velocity and velocity distribution are appropriately changed during operation of the apparatus so as to immediately respond to changes in the properties of the solids and elimination of excessive stagnation of intermediate flotations. Can be.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of an embodiment of an airflow separation device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of a narrowed portion formed by a slit plate of an airflow separation duct in the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a transverse sectional view of the same.

FIG. 4 is a side cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the levitated matter collection unit.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 air flow separation duct 2 solid material supply unit 3 air flow supply unit 4 fallen object recovery unit 5 floated material recovery unit 12 slit plate 22 solid material supply port 23 supply damper 31, 32 air flow supply port 33, 34 air flow adjustment damper 43 movable sorting Plates 44, 45 Sorting bunker 51 Floating material guiding duct 52 Accelerated air flow supply port 54 Floating material collecting bunker 54a to 54c Sorting bunker 61 Floating material guiding duct 65 Floating material collecting bunker

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] An airflow supply port connected to an airflow supply source and a bunker for collecting fallen objects are provided at a lower portion of an airflow separation duct for airflow separation of solids, and a bunker for collecting floating materials is provided above the duct. In the airflow separation device provided with a floatation guide duct that leads to the solid part supply port that supplies solid matter to be sorted in the middle part, the airflow separation duct, including the top and bottom of the solid matter supply port,
A solid material air flow separation device, comprising a plurality of slit plates capable of adjusting the levitation force of a solid material by variably narrowing the cross-sectional area of the air flow separation duct. 2. The solid-state air-flow separation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the air-flow supply ports are each provided with a plurality of air-flow control dampers, and the dampers are independently adjustable. apparatus. 3. The solid material air flow separation device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of sorting bunkers that can be selected by a movable sorting plate are provided in the fallen object collecting bunker. 4. A bunker for recovering a floating object is provided with a plurality of sorting bunkers partitioned by a floating object sorting plate, wherein a supply port of an accelerating air flow for accelerating the floating object is provided along the floating object guiding duct. 4. The apparatus for airflow separation of solid matter according to claim 1, wherein: 5. A sensor for detecting the quality or quantity of a supplied solid substance is provided in a part of an air flow separation duct, and a slit plate for changing a sectional area of the duct based on the output of the sensor, and a supply of a solid substance supply port are provided. At least one of a damper for air flow control, an air flow adjusting damper for an air flow supply port, a movable partition plate in a bunker for falling object recovery, and a floating material sorting plate in a bunker for floating material recovery, or a change in a bunker for collecting intermediate floating materials or 5. The airflow separation device for solid matter according to claim 1, further comprising a control device that controls the drive for eliminating the accumulation of the intermediate floating matter.