JP2677521B2 - Crushing machine - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to the disposal of oversized garbage from homes, construction-related waste from construction sites, business-related waste from offices, thinned wood from mountains and parks, mountain residues. Wood, pruning materials, furniture, dew,
The present invention relates to a crusher for crushing relatively large wastes such as beds, tatami mats, curtains, reception sets, cardboard boxes, wooden boxes, packing materials, containers, tires, drums, tents, container bags, etc. into small pieces.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a crusher of this type, a swing hammer as shown in FIGS. 8 (a) to 8 (d) is used in addition to a cut material in which a V-shaped cut portion is formed by a fixed cutting beam and a movable crushing beam. Some crushers of the crusher type or ring grinder are provided with a plurality of swinging hammer members or ring grinders on the relatively rotating rotor to crush or grind the workpiece to be introduced. You. These materials are effective for a material having a relatively fragile material to be processed, and it is necessary to select the material to some extent in advance.

[0003]

In the conventional impact crusher as described above, it is difficult to crush composite products and soft plastic products assembled from various materials, and it is inefficient in mass processing. In addition, noise and vibration are large, a lot of cost is required for a sturdy structure and foundation work, and soundproof means is required for the noise. In addition, because of high-speed rotation, many parts are worn and maintenance and operation costs are required, and the size of the crushed fragments is not uniform, so that it is difficult to use them in a continuous sorting process.

The present invention has been devised in view of the above, and is intended to crush relatively large bulky wastes such as composite products and soft plastic products made of various materials by the action of shearing, crushing and tearing. A large amount of material can be thrown in, and it can be crushed efficiently and smoothly at the place where it was thrown.
Long and wide bulky ones can also be introduced as they are in their original form. p. m. Low vibrations and noises at low speeds, high torque, large vibrations and large crushing force, energy saving and efficient crushing work.
Low vibration, no need for special foundation work, low noise, no need for soundproofing, less dust, simple structure, less breakdown, easy maintenance, and firmly fixed in the direction orthogonal to the radial direction. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a unique crusher that efficiently crushes with a crushing blade, installs a grid-like screen on the entire bottom to smoothly discharge, and does not apply unnecessary resistance to the rotor.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a crusher according to claim 1 of the present invention has a charging opening into which a crushed material is charged at the top and a transverse support member at the bottom. And a substantially rectangular parallelepiped casing having a discharge portion provided with a plurality of vertical fixed blade members which are supported in the width direction and are separated from each other in the width direction, and which are opposed to each other so as to be bitten into the casing from top to bottom. At least a pair of rotating shafts that are rotated in the direction,
A large-diameter support and a small-diameter support for crushing blades, which are separated from each other in the longitudinal direction so as to be staggered from those of the opposing shaft, and counter-rotate to the outer circumferences of the large-diameter support and the small-diameter support. In a crusher having a plurality of crushing blades mounted in a spaced state so that the shafts are close to each other to crush the waste, the crushing blade is a large-diameter support for mounting the crushing blade and Characterized in that the blade mounting plate is fixed to each outer peripheral mounting portion of the small-diameter support so as to be orthogonal to the radial direction, and is replaceably mounted by a bolt through a dovetail groove (ink cage type engaging means). There is.

[0006]

[0007]

In the crusher according to claim 1 having the above-mentioned structure, the crusher has a charging opening at the top for charging an object to be crushed, and is supported by a transverse support member at the bottom and separated in the width direction to form a grid pattern. And a substantially rectangular parallelepiped casing having a discharge portion provided with a plurality of vertically fixed blade members, and at least a pair of rotations that are rotated in mutually opposite directions so as to be bitten into the casing from top to bottom. Shafts, large-diameter support bodies and small-diameter support bodies for crushing blades, which are spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction so as to alternate with those of opposing shafts, and the outer circumferences of these large-diameter support bodies and small-diameter support bodies Is composed of a plurality of crushing blades that are installed in a spaced apart manner so that the ones with opposed rotating shafts are brought close to each other to crush the waste, and a small crushable object that does not need to be crushed is a transverse support member. Immediately from the lattice-shaped discharge part formed by the vertical fixed blade member Beat not become useless resistance disturb over without and crushing the rotary shaft, crushing large does not pass the crush material is efficiently performed. That is, a large amount of crushed material such as waste can be charged from the large charging opening, and the crushed material can be efficiently and smoothly crushed into fragments having a predetermined size at the charged location. The upper charging opening is opened in the entire casing and large, long and wide bulky objects can be charged in their original shape.
For example, 10 to 30 r. p. m. Vibration and noise are low at low speed rotation, etc., torque is large and small vibration gives large crushing force, energy saving and efficient crushing work can be done, low vibration and no special foundation work is required, and low noise and soundproofing It does not require any means, generates little dust, has a simple structure, has few failures, and is easy to maintain. The crushing blade is provided on a blade mounting plate fixed to each outer peripheral mounting portion of the crushing blade mounting large-diameter support and the small-diameter support so as to be orthogonal to the radial direction.
It is mounted so that it can be replaced by a bolt via a dovetail groove (Inro cage type engaging means), and the sliding of the crushing blade against the crushing blade mounting plate is completely done during the work of biting, shearing, compressing and tearing the crushed object. It is prevented and the crushing blade is firmly fixed to the crushing blade mounting plate, and the sharp crushing allows efficient crushing.

[0008]

[0009]

[0010]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a crusher according to the present invention. 1 is an elevational view of a crusher according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a partial plan view of the crusher, and FIG. 4 is used for the crusher. 5 is a plan view of a crushing blade according to the present invention, FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a grid-like screen according to the present invention, FIG. 6 is an elevation view of a small-diameter support of a crushing rotor suitable for unequal speed rotation, and an installed crushing blade, and FIG. 7 is a circle. It is a partial elevation view of a shape support body.

1 to 5, the crusher 1 for crushing a relatively large object to be crushed from a home, office, mountain area, park, etc. as described above has a hopper 11 over the entire upper opening 12.
And a pair of crushing rotors 20 and 30 which are rotationally driven at a constant speed in the opposite direction in which the casing 10 is fitted in parallel in the casing 10.
And a rotary drive device 40 for the rotors 20 and 30. The casing 10 is supported on the pedestal 5 so as to groin the belt conveyor C that carries out the crushed fragments, and the bottom surface thereof is a lattice-shaped screen 10C that follows the rotation of the rotors 20 and 30. That is, screen 10C
The screen meshes of the plurality of transverse partition support plates 13, ..., which are spaced at equal distances in the longitudinal direction, and the support plates 13, ....
Is formed between the plurality of vertical fixed blade members 14, ... Fixed in the recesses of the arc portion of equal pitch. These fixed blade members 14, ... and the support plate 13, ..., which form the sieve mesh of the screen 10C that determines the size of the crushed fragments, are sieve meshes as several lattice-shaped units. It is made in advance for each size, and is configured so that it can be replaced integrally as appropriate.

The rotors 20 and 30 have rotating shafts 21 and 31.
A plurality of substantially square large-diameter supports 22 and 32 and small-diameter supports 25 and 35, which are fixed so as to be orthogonal to each other in the longitudinal direction at regular intervals so as to be staggered in the longitudinal direction, and squares of the respective supports. The blade mounting plates 23 and 33 fixed in a T-shape so as to be orthogonal to the radial direction, and the blade mounting plates 23 and 33 are replaced by bolts through the M-type groove N which is a cage-type engaging means. It is comprised of crushing blades 24, 34 as shown in FIG. The crushing blades 24, 24 mounted on the large-diameter support 22 and the small-diameter support 25 of the one rotary shaft 21, and the crushing blades mounted on the small-diameter support 35 and the large-diameter support 32 of the other rotary shaft 31. Blade 34,
In order to take the same phase so that the shafts 34 approach each other, the large diameter support 22 and the small diameter support 25 of one rotating shaft 21 and the small diameter support 35 and the large diameter support 32 of the other rotating shaft 31 are provided. Are arranged in the same phase relation, and the axes 21, 3
1s are offset from each other by 45 degrees at the central angle. Therefore,
The large-diameter support 22 and the small-diameter support 25 of one of the rotary shafts 21 are attached to the shaft 21 with a center angle shifted by 45 degrees, and the large-diameter support 32 and the small-diameter support 35 of the other rotary shaft 31 are centered. It is attached to the shaft 31 at an angle of 45 degrees.

The crushing blades 24 and 34 have such a width that the shafts of the other shafts are slightly overlapped with each other (indicated by O in FIG. 3) in the longitudinal direction, and are left to be bitten into the crushed object. There is no such thing. In this case, both shafts 2
When the rotary driving devices 40 rotate the Nos. 1 and 31 at a constant speed, the thrown-in waste is prevented from moving in the longitudinal direction between the large-diameter supports 22, 22 and 32, 32 at the throwing point. , Crushing blades 24 or 34 of the large-diameter support 22 or 32 of the one shaft 21 or 31 and crushing blades 34 or 24 of the small-diameter support 35 or 25 of the other shaft 31 or 21 one after another, and are sheared. It is crushed by the action of crushing and tearing, and the longitudinal fixed blade members 14, ...
4 and 34 are crushed by the same action, and the crushing is repeated until they can pass through the sieve mesh of the screen 10C, and a large amount of processing is performed.

The crushing machine 1 of the above-mentioned embodiment rotates at a constant speed, but the crushing blades 24 of the shafts 21 and 31 are
By eliminating the overlap of 34 in the longitudinal direction so that they do not come into contact with each other, they can be used even at unequal speed rotation, and the effects of biting, shearing, crushing and tearing are stronger at unequal speed rotation. In the case of unequal speed rotation, since the crushing blades 24 and 34 of the shafts 21 and 31 do not overlap each other in the longitudinal direction so that they do not hit each other, some biting remains in the longitudinal direction, but it is slight. Yes Treated as debris. For example, when one rotary shaft 21 is driven to rotate at a low speed and the other rotary shaft 31 is driven to rotate at a high speed, the small-diameter support 25 'of the low-speed rotary shaft 21 has an octagonal shape as shown in FIG. The crushing blade 24 is mounted on each corner via the mounting plate 23, and the large-diameter support 35 of the other shaft 31 that rotates at a high speed.
With the crushing blade 34 of the above, biting in twice as much as the above embodiment,
It is capable of shearing, crushing and tearing. As the crushing blades 24 and 34, as shown in FIG.
Flat blades 24A, 34A, oblique blades 24B, 34B and sword tip blades 24
C, 34C, etc. are used, and facing the mounting plates 23, 33 after abrasion so that they can be used twice by changing the direction back and forth.
Edges are formed on the sides. On the bottom of the blades 24, 34,
A concave dovetail groove N shaped to engage with the convex dovetail M of the mounting plates 23 and 33 is formed. Instead of the square large-diameter support, another polygonal shape may be used to increase or decrease the number of crushing blades according to the number of the corners, or as shown in FIG. 7, circular supports 22 ', 25 ", 32. It is possible to mount the crushing blades 24 and 34 at predetermined intervals on the outer peripheral circle by setting them as ', 35'.

The rotating shafts 21 and 31 are respectively provided in the casing 10.
Are rotatably supported by bearings 18 and 19 outside the both end walls 10A and 10B of the shaft, and are indicated by an arrow R by a rotary drive device 40.
1, 10 to 30 r.p. in the direction of R2. p. m. It is rotated at a constant speed or a non-uniform speed at a low speed. That is, one shaft end is connected to each output shaft of the speed reducer 43, which is rotationally driven by the motor 42, via the joint 41 forming the rotational drive device 40. The pair of gears attached to the output shaft of the speed reducer 43
The diameters are the same for constant velocity, and different for non-uniform velocity. During the crushing work, a large abnormal load is applied to the rotor 2
At 0 and 30, the control device automatically reverses a predetermined number of times, or repeats normal and reverse rotations so that large waste can be crushed without trouble.

[0016]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the crusher according to the first aspect of the present invention, (1) it has a charging opening for charging a crushed object in the upper part and a transverse support in the bottom part. A substantially rectangular parallelepiped casing having a discharge portion provided with a plurality of vertical fixed blade members which are supported by members and are separated from each other in the width direction and which form a lattice shape, and are mutually inserted so as to be bitten into the casing from top to bottom. At least a pair of rotating shafts that are rotated in opposite directions, and a large-diameter support and a small-diameter support for crushing blades, which are spaced apart from each other so as to alternate with those of the opposing shafts in the longitudinal direction. , Each of the large-diameter support and the small-diameter support is composed of a plurality of crushing blades that are attached in a spaced relationship so that the ones with opposed rotating shafts come close to each other and crush the waste, For small objects to be crushed that do not need to be crushed, a transverse support member and a vertical fixed blade member Crushing of a large crushed object which does not pass through is efficiently performed without dropping unnecessary resistance on the rotating shaft and not hindering the crushing by immediately dropping from the grid-shaped discharge portion formed by and. That is, a large amount of crushed material such as waste can be charged from a large charging opening, and the crushed material can be efficiently and smoothly crushed into fragments of a predetermined size at the charging position. (2) The upper charging opening is open to the whole casing, and large, long and wide bulky ones can be charged in their original form,
For example, 10 to 30 r. p. m. Vibrations and noise are low at low speeds such as, torque is large and small vibrations give a large crushing force, energy saving and efficient crushing work can be done, low vibration and no special foundation work is required and noise is low and soundproof It does not require any means, generates little dust, has a simple structure, has few failures, and is easy to maintain. The crushing blade is provided on a blade mounting plate fixed to each outer peripheral mounting portion of the crushing blade mounting large-diameter support and the small-diameter support so as to be orthogonal to the radial direction.
It is mounted so that it can be replaced by a bolt via a dovetail groove (Inro cage type engaging means), and the sliding of the crushing blade against the crushing blade mounting plate is completely done during the work of biting, shearing, compressing and tearing the crushed object. It is prevented and the crushing blade is firmly fixed to the crushing blade mounting plate, and the sharp crushing allows efficient crushing.

[0017]

[0018]

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an elevation view of a crusher according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a partial plan view of the crushing rotor.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of a crushing blade used in the crusher.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a grid-shaped screen according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an elevational view of a small-diameter support and a mounted crushing blade of a crushing rotor suitable for unequal speed rotation.

FIG. 7 is a partial elevational view of a circular support.

FIG. 8 (a) A conventional horizontal swing hammer type crusher,
(B) The horizontal ring hammer crusher, (c) the vertical swing hammer crusher, and (d) the vertical ring grinder crusher.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Crusher 10 Casing 10A Upper opening 10C Bottom 12 Upper opening 13 Transverse support member 14 Longitudinal fixed blade member 21 Rotating shaft 22 Large diameter support for crushing blade 23 Blade mounting plate 24 Crushing blade 25 Small diameter support for crushing blade mounting 25 'Small-diameter support suitable for unequal speed rotation 31 Rotating shaft 32 Large-diameter support for crushing blade mounting 33 Blade mounting plate 34 Crushing blade 35 Small-diameter supporting body for crushing blade mounting 40 Drive device M / N Stamp cage type engaging means

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A discharge provided with a plurality of vertical fixed blade members having a lattice shape and having a charging opening at the top for charging a crushed object and being supported by a transverse support member at the bottom and separated in the width direction. A substantially rectangular parallelepiped casing having a portion, at least a pair of rotating shafts that are rotated in mutually opposite directions so as to be bitten into the casing from top to bottom, and each rotating shaft has an opposing shaft in the longitudinal direction. Large diameter support and small diameter support for crushing blades installed so that they are staggered with each other, and the outer circumferences of these large diameter support and small diameter support are close to each other and crushed In a crusher having a plurality of crushing blades mounted in a spaced apart manner so as to crush objects, the crushing blade,
It is on the blade mounting plate fixed to each outer peripheral mounting portion of the large-diameter support for mounting the crushing blade and the small-diameter support so as to be orthogonal to the radial direction / replaced by a bolt through a dovetail groove (ink cage type engaging means) Crusher characterized by being installed as much as possible.