JP3746733B2 - Shear crusher - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a shear pulverizer.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As one type of pulverizer, there is a shear pulverizer that rotates a cutter provided at the bottom of an upright cylindrical container like a cooking mill at high speed and shears the pulverized raw material filled in the container with a cutter blade to make it finer Are known.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In this type of shear pulverizer, at the beginning of the rotation of the cutter, the raw material layer in the cylindrical container is stationary due to the inertial mass, and is sheared by the blade of the cutter that rotates at high speed. However, the rotational motion of the cutter is gradually transmitted to the raw material layer, and finally the raw material layer starts to rotate in the same direction as the cutter, so that the relative speed between the cutter and the raw material layer is reduced, and the shearing effect is reduced.
Further, as the shearing action proceeds, air enters the raw material layer, the bulk density is reduced, and the inertial mass of the raw material is rapidly reduced. Therefore, the raw material layer is easily rotated, and the shearing effect is further reduced.
Furthermore, since the raw material to be pulverized is heated by the pulverization heat generated at the time of shear pulverization, the raw material such as waste plastic is softened and is therefore difficult to shear.
In view of such problems, it is a first object of the present invention to provide a shear pulverizer excellent in pulverization efficiency. It is another object of the present invention to provide a shear pulverizer capable of processing a raw material that is softened by pulverization heat such as waste plastic.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, in the shear pulverizer, a plurality of blades having different outer diameters are arranged side by side on the rotating shaft so that the smaller the blade outer diameter, the closer to the leading end side of the rotating shaft. The configured cutter is provided inside the bottom surface and the side surface of the cylindrical container filled with the pulverized raw material, and the rotation surface of each blade of the cutter on the bottom surface of the container and the rotation surface of each blade of the cutter on the container side surface are orthogonal to each other, and one of the sides of the container cutting edge of the blade in the one of the container bottom cutter while passing through the inside near the blades of the cutting edge of the container bottom of the cutter one cutting edge of the blade of one blade of the cutter of the container side Both cutters are arranged so as to pass near the inside of the edge of the adjacent large-diameter blade.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the shear pulverizer according to the first aspect, the side cutters are provided on both the left and right sides of the container bottom cutter.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the shear pulverizer according to the first aspect, cold air is fed into the container.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the third aspect of the present invention, a through hole through which the cold air passes is formed on a side surface of each blade.
[0005]
[Operation and effect of the invention]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the rotation surfaces of the blade group of the cutter on the bottom surface of the container and the blade group of the cutter on the side surface of the container are arranged so as to be orthogonal to each other, and the blade tip of one blade is opposed to each other. Since it is arranged so that it passes through the vicinity of the blade edge, when the cutter is rotated at high speed, the raw material on the cutter blade surface on the bottom of the container is splashed in the direction of the blade edge of the cutter blade on the side of the container by centrifugal force. And sheared. On the other hand, the raw material in contact with the blade of the cutter on the side of the container is spun off to the cutting edge of the cutter blade on the bottom of the container and sheared and crushed.
As described above, the raw material in the container is not only forcedly fed to the blade edge by the centrifugal force and sheared, but also impacted and pulverized by colliding with the opposing blade, so that high pulverization efficiency can be obtained.
According to invention of Claim 2, since the cutter of the container side surface was provided in the right-and-left both sides of the cutter of a container bottom face, a higher shear grinding effect and an impact grinding effect can be exhibited.
According to the invention described in claim 3, since the raw material is forcibly cooled with cold air, it is possible to prevent the raw material from being softened by the heat of pulverization. For this reason, even waste plastic can be pulverized. According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, since cold air enters between the blades through the through-holes of the blade, the raw material can be cooled more effectively and its softening can be prevented.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIGS. 1 to 3 show a shear pulverizer 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The shear pulverizer includes a cylindrical container 11, and cutters 20 and 40 are assembled to the bottom surface and the left and right side surfaces of the cylindrical container 11.
[0007]
The cutter 20 provided on the bottom surface of the cylindrical container 11 is fixed to the rotating shaft 21 that penetrates the center of the bottom surface of the cylindrical container 11, four blades 22 to 25 fixed to the rotating shaft 21, and the outer end portion of the rotating shaft 21. The belt wheel 26 and the motor 27 are provided, and the drive shaft of the motor 27 and the belt wheel 26 are connected by a belt 28. As shown in detail in FIG. 4, the rotary shaft 21 is assembled to the bottom surface of the cylindrical container 11 so as to be rotatable by a bearing 30 and an outer cylinder 31 fixed to the outer side of the center of the bottom surface of the cylindrical container 11 with bolts 29. The blades 22 to 25 have a gear shape as shown in FIG. 3 and have different diameters and different numbers of teeth as cutting edges. The larger the diameter, the greater the number of teeth. FIG. 5 shows a blade 22 having a minimum diameter. Each of the blades 22 to 25 has a mounting hole 22a through which the rotary shaft 21 penetrates at the center, and through holes 22b formed at equal pitches around the mounting hole 22a. The blades 23, 24, and 25 having larger diameters are also provided as the through holes 22b. The blades 22 to 25 are arranged so that the smaller the diameter is, the closer to the tip end of the rotating shaft 21, the blades 22 to 25 are mounted at equal pitches by the spacers 32 interposed between the blades, and fastened to the rotating shaft 21 by the angle nuts 33. Has been. The angle nut 33 is rounded at the tip so that the raw material (not shown) put into the cylindrical container 11 is difficult to adhere.
[0008]
The cutter 40 on the side surface of the cylindrical container 11 includes a motor 42 fixed to the side surface of the container 11 with a bolt 41 (FIG. 4), and four blades 44 to 47 fixed to a drive rotating shaft 43 of the motor 42. The drive rotation shaft 43 of the motor 42 penetrates the side surface of the container 11 and projects into the container 11, and blades 44 to 47 are attached to the projecting portions. Each of the blades 44 to 47 has a gear shape similar to that of the blades 22 to 25 of the cutter 20 at the bottom of the cylindrical container 11, and the smaller the diameter, the more the blades 44 to 47 are disposed on the front end side of the drive rotating shaft 43. They are mounted at an equal pitch, and are fixed to the drive rotating shaft 43 by nuts 49.
[0009]
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the cutter 20 on the bottom surface of the container and the cutter 40 on the side surface of the container are arranged so that the rotation surfaces of the blades 22 to 25 and 44 to 47 are orthogonal to each other. Further, the cutting edge of the blade 44 of the cutter 40 on the side of the container passes through the vicinity of the inside of the cutting edge of the blade 22 of the cutter 20 on the bottom of the container, and the cutting edge of the blade 22 of the cutter 20 on the bottom of the container It arrange | positions so that the inner side vicinity of the blade edge | tip of the blade 45 may be passed. Similarly, the blade edge of the container side cutter blade 45, the blade 46, and the blade 47 pass near the inside of the edge of the container bottom cutter blade 23, blade 24, and blade 25, respectively, and the container bottom cutter blade 23, blade The 24 cutting edges are arranged so as to pass through the inner sides of the blades 46 and 47 of the container side cutter.
[0010]
As shown in FIG. 2, the opening of the upper end surface of the cylindrical container 11 is covered with a cover plate 12, and a raw material inlet 12 a is formed in the cover plate 12. A hopper 14 is connected to the input port 12a via a rotary valve 13. A discharge port 11a is formed at the lower end of the side surface of the cylindrical container, and a discharge chute 15 is connected to the discharge port 11a. A piston valve 16 that opens and closes the discharge chute 15 is provided in the discharge chute 15 and is connected to a piston rod 17 a of the air cylinder 17. A cold air pipe 50 is connected to the bottom surface of the cylindrical container 11, and a filter 51 is attached to a connection portion with the container 11. On the other hand, an exhaust port 12b is formed in the cover plate 12, and a bag filter 52 is attached to the exhaust port 12b.
[0011]
The structure of the shear pulverization apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment is as described above, and the operation will be described next. The shear pulverizer 10 is operated in a batch mode. As a raw material to be crushed, the rotary valve 13 of the hopper 14 is opened and a certain amount, for example, 60 to 70% of the volume of the cylindrical container 11 is put into the cylindrical container 11. Then, the cutter 20 on the bottom surface of the container and both the cutters 40 on the side surface of the container are energized to rotate the blades 22 to 25 and 44 to 47 at high speed and blow cold air from the cold air pipe 50 into the container. The raw material placed on the surfaces of the blades 22 to 25 of the cutter 20 on the bottom surface of the container is splashed and sheared by centrifugal force in the blade edge direction (v1) of the blades 44 to 47 of the cutter 40 on the side of the container. On the other hand, the raw material in contact with the blades 44 to 47 of the cutter 40 on the side surface of the container is splashed and sheared by centrifugal force in the blade edge direction (v2) of the blades 22 to 25 of the cutter 20 on the bottom surface of the container. At this time, pulverization heat is generated, but the raw material is cooled by the cold air fed from the cold air pipe 50 into the container 11. The cold air is sent into the container 11 through the filter 51 at the bottom, and is sandwiched between the blades 22 to 25 and 44 to 47 through the through holes 22a to 25a and 44a to 47a of the blades 22 to 25 and 44 to 47. The raw material is cooled by reaching the blade tips of the blades 22 to 25 and 44 to 47, and then discharged into the atmosphere through the bag filter 52.
[0012]
As described above, according to the shear pulverizer 10 according to the present embodiment, the rotational surfaces of the blade groups 22 to 25 of the cutter 20 on the container bottom surface and the blade groups 44 to 47 of the cutter 40 on the container side surface are orthogonal to each other. Since the blades of one blade 22 to 25 and 44 to 47 pass through the vicinity of the blades of the opposite blades 22 to 25 and 44 to 47, the cutters 20 and 40 are rotated at high speed. Then, the raw materials placed on the surfaces of the blades 22 to 25 of the cutter 20 on the bottom surface of the container are splashed and sheared by centrifugal force in the direction of the blades 44 to 47 of the cutter 40 on the side surface of the container. On the other hand, the raw material in contact with the blades 44 to 47 of the cutter 40 on the side surface of the container is splashed and sheared by the centrifugal force onto the blade edges of the blades 22 to 25 of the cutter 20 on the bottom surface of the container. Thus, the raw material in the container 11 is not only forcibly fed to the cutting edge by the centrifugal force and sheared, but also collides with the opposing blades 22 to 25 and 44 to 47, and is pulverized by impact. Grinding efficiency can be obtained.
[0013]
In addition, since the cutters 40 are provided on both the left and right sides of the cutter 20 on the bottom surface of the container, higher shearing and impact grinding effects can be exhibited. For this reason, it is possible to efficiently pulverize soft minerals such as wood pieces and plant fibers, such as materials with low raw material density, zeolite, bentonite, and bamuquilite.
[0014]
Furthermore, since the raw material is forcibly cooled with cold air, it can be prevented from being softened by being heated with heat of pulverization. For this reason, even waste plastic can be pulverized. In particular, in this embodiment, since cold air passes the vicinity of the blade edge through the through holes 22a to 25a and 44a to 47a, the raw material of the blade edge portion can be efficiently cooled.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a main part of a shear pulverizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the shear pulverizer.
3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 of FIG.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a container bottom of the shear pulverizer.
FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a blade of a cutter of the shear pulverizer.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Shear grinding | pulverization area | region, 11 ... Cylindrical container, 20, 40 ... Cutter, 22-25, 44-47 ... Blade, 21, 43 ... Rotary shaft, 50 ... Cold-air pipe.

Claims (4)

Inside the bottom and side surfaces of a cylindrical container filled with pulverized raw material, a cutter constructed by arranging and fixing a plurality of blades with different outer diameters on the rotating shaft so that the smaller the blade outer diameter is, the closer to the rotating shaft tip side. The rotation surface of each blade of the cutter on the bottom surface of the container and the rotation surface of each blade of the cutter on the side surface of the container are orthogonal to each other, and the blade edge of one blade of the cutter on the container side surface is one blade of the cutter on the bottom surface of the container of both cutter as the cutting edge of one blade of the container bottom of the cutter passes through the inner vicinity of the cutting edge of the large diameter of the blade next to one blade of the cutter of the container side with passing through the inner vicinity of the cutting edge A shear pulverizer characterized by being arranged. The shear pulverizer according to claim 1, wherein the side cutters are provided on both left and right sides of the container bottom cutter. The shear pulverizer according to claim 1, wherein cold air is fed into the container. The shear pulverizer according to claim 3, wherein a through-hole through which the cold air passes is formed on a side surface of each blade.

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