JPH0871443A - Crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To perform crushing in a place in which a large-sized material to be crushed is thrown in large quantities and effectively with low vibration and low noise by providing rotating shafts which rotate in the opposite direction to each other with large diameter support bodies and small diameter support bodies for mounting crushing blades thereon in a casing and providing the crushing blades on the outer periphery thereof. CONSTITUTION: When both ends 21, 31 are rotated with constant velocity by a rotation driving device, waste materials thereon in are caught one after another and undergo shearing, press- breaking and tearing action and are crushed by the crushing blades 24 of the large diameter supporting bodies 22 of the shaft 21 and the crushing blades 39 of the small diameter supporting bodies 35 of the shaft 31 in a state in which the movement of the waste materials in the longitudinal direction is blocked by the large and small diameter supporting bodies 22, 32 in the throw-in place. Further, the waste materials are also crushed by vertical passing fixed blades 19 and the crushing blades 24, 34 to repeat the crushing until they pass through the sieve openings of a screen 10C. In this way, large materials to be crushed are crushed in large quantities and effectively. Thus, energy-saving and effective crushing work are attained with little vibration and noise because of the low speed rotation of the rotor, and torque is large and large crushing force is obtained with small vibration.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

[Industrial application] This invention relates to waste furniture of oversized garbage generated from homes, construction-related waste generated from construction sites, business-related waste generated from offices, thinning materials generated from mountains and parks, and mountain residue. Materials, pruning materials, furniture, Joutan,
The present invention relates to a crusher for crushing crushed objects such as beds, tatami mats, curtains, reception sets, cardboard boxes, wooden boxes, packing materials, containers, tires, drums, tents, container bags, etc. into relatively small pieces.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a crusher of this type, in addition to a cutting material in which a V-shaped cutting portion is formed by a fixed cutting beam and a movable crushing beam, a swing hammer as shown in FIGS. Type or ring grinder type crusher has a relatively fast rotating rotor with multiple swingable hammer members and ring grinders to crush or grind the incoming workpiece. It These are effective when the material to be processed is relatively fragile, and it is necessary to select the material in advance to some extent.

[0003]

In the conventional hitting and crushing machine as described above, it is difficult to crush composite products or soft plastic products assembled from various materials, and the efficiency in mass processing is poor. In addition, noise and vibration are large, and since a strong structure and foundation work cost a lot of money, a soundproofing means is necessary for the noise. Also, because of the high-speed rotation, there are many worn parts, which requires maintenance and operation costs, and the size of the crushed pieces is uneven, making it difficult to use even during continuous sorting.

The present invention has been devised in view of the above, and crushes relatively large bulky wastes such as composite products and soft plastic products made of various materials by the action of shearing, crushing and tearing. It can throw a large amount of material and crush it into pieces efficiently and smoothly at the place where it is put.
A long, wide and bulky product can be put in the original shape, and the rotor, for example, 10 to 30 r. p. m. Vibration and noise are low at low speed rotation, etc., large torque is large, large crushing force is obtained with small vibration, energy saving and efficient crushing work can be done,
Low vibration, no need for special foundation work, low noise, no need for soundproofing, less dust, simple structure, less breakdown, easy maintenance, and efficient crushing by engaging concave and convex blades. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a unique crusher in which a grid-like screen is provided over the entire bottom for smooth discharge and unnecessary resistance is not applied to the rotor.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a crusher according to claim 1 of the present invention has a charging opening into which a crushed material is charged at the top and a transverse support member at the bottom. And a substantially rectangular parallelepiped casing having a discharge portion provided with a plurality of vertical fixed blade members which are supported in the width direction and are separated from each other in the width direction and which form a lattice shape, and are opposed to each other so as to be bitten into the casing from top to bottom. At least a pair of rotating shafts that are rotated in the direction,
A large-diameter support and a small-diameter support for crushing blades, which are separated from each other in the longitudinal direction so as to be staggered from those of the opposing shaft, and counter-rotate to the outer circumferences of the large-diameter support and the small-diameter support. It is characterized in that the shafts are composed of a plurality of crushing blades that are attached in a spaced-apart state so as to crush the waste in close proximity to each other.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the rotating shafts are rotationally driven at unequal speeds, and the crushing blades mounted on the large-diameter support are opposed to each other in the longitudinal direction on the inside of the opposing shaft. It is preferable that they are arranged so that they do not overlap. As described in claim 3, the rotating shaft is rotated at a constant speed, and the large-diameter support-equipped crushing blade and the small-diameter support-equipped crushing blade of the opposed shaft are mounted on the large-diameter support in the same phase. The crushing blades are arranged so as to overlap each other in the longitudinal direction on the inside of the opposing shaft and on the inside of the opposing shaft. As described in claim 4, the large-diameter support and the small-diameter support for mounting the crushing blade have a polygonal shape or a circular shape, and the crushing blade mounting plate is radiused at a predetermined interval of each corner portion or outer peripheral circular portion. It can be configured to be attached so as to be orthogonal to the direction. As described in claim 5, the crushing blade mounting plate can mount and fix the crushing blade via the cage-type engaging means. The crusher according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the rotating shaft is reversely rotated a predetermined number of times by an overload detection signal from an overload detector.

[0007]

In the crusher according to claim 1 having the above-mentioned structure, the crusher has a charging opening at the top for charging an object to be crushed, and is supported by a transverse support member at the bottom and separated in the width direction to form a grid pattern. And a substantially rectangular parallelepiped casing having a discharge portion provided with a plurality of vertically fixed blade members, and at least a pair of rotations that are rotated in mutually opposite directions so as to be bitten into the casing from top to bottom. Shafts, large-diameter support bodies and small-diameter support bodies for crushing blades, which are spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction so as to alternate with those of opposing shafts, and the outer circumferences of these large-diameter support bodies and small-diameter support bodies Is composed of a plurality of crushing blades that are installed in a spaced apart manner so that the ones with opposed rotating shafts are brought close to each other to crush the waste, and a small crushable object that does not need to be crushed is a transverse support member. Immediately from the lattice-shaped discharge part formed by the vertical fixed blade member Beat not become useless resistance disturb over without and crushing the rotary shaft, crushing large does not pass the crush material is efficiently performed. That is, a large amount of crushed material such as waste can be charged from a large charging opening, and the crushed material can be crushed efficiently and smoothly into pieces of a predetermined size at the charging position. The upper charging opening is opened in the entire casing and large, long and wide bulky objects can be charged in their original shape.
Of the rotor, for example 10-30 r. p. m. Vibrations and noise are low at low speeds such as, torque is large and small vibrations give a large crushing force, energy saving and efficient crushing work can be done, low vibration and no special foundation work is required and noise is low and soundproof It does not require any means, generates little dust, has a simple structure, has few failures, is easy to maintain, and engages with uneven blades for efficient crushing.

In the crusher according to the second aspect of the present invention, the rotating shafts are rotationally driven at unequal speeds, and the crushing blades mounted on the large-diameter support are opposed to each other in the longitudinal direction on the inside of the opposing shaft. Are arranged so that they do not overlap with each other, and because the crushing blade of one rotating shaft and the crushing blade of the other rotating shaft pass each other in close proximity, the crushed object is effectively bitten and strong shearing, crushing, Perform tearing work. In the crusher according to claim 3, the rotating shaft is rotated at a constant speed, and the large-diameter-support-equipped crushing blade and the small-diameter-support-equipped crushing blade of the opposite shaft are in phase with each other to form a large-diameter support. The crushing blades installed are arranged in an overlapping manner in the longitudinal direction on the inner side of the opposing shaft and the opposing crushing blade, and the crushing blade of one rotating shaft and the crushing blade of the other rotating shaft pass each other in close proximity. However, the peripheral speed of the large-diameter support-equipped crushing blade is small because the crushed object is relatively quietly and effectively bites in the same phase, and the radius from each axis is different. Performs effective shearing, crushing, and tearing operations for larger and crushed objects.

In the crusher according to claim 4, the large-diameter support and the small-diameter support for mounting the crushing blade have a polygonal shape or a circular shape, and the crushing blade is provided at each predetermined interval of each corner portion or outer peripheral circular portion. The mounting plates are mounted so as to be orthogonal to the radial direction, and each support restrains the escape movement of the crushed object in the longitudinal direction of the rotation axis regardless of the constant speed and unequal speed rotation of the pair of rotation shafts. The crushing blade of the rotary tangential direction mounted on the machine effectively bites, shears, crushes, and tears the object to be crushed. Claim 5
In the crusher described, the crushing blade mounting plate, the crushing blade is mounted and fixed via the cage-type engagement means, biting, shearing, crushing, crushing blade of the crushing blade during the work of crushing The sliding on the mounting plate is completely prevented, and the crushing blade is firmly fixed to the crushing blade mounting plate. In the crusher according to claim 6, since the rotary shaft is reversely rotated a predetermined number of times by the overload detection signal from the overload detector, a waste product made of a hard sheet metal is bitten and the drive device of the rotary shaft is overloaded. When a load is applied, the bite is released before the drive device fails, and the bite is crushed by repeated biting.

[0010]

The crusher of the present invention will now be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of examples. 1 is an elevational view of a crusher according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a partial plan view of the crusher, and FIG. 4 is used for the crusher. 5 is a plan view of a crushing blade according to the present invention, FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a grid-like screen according to the present invention, FIG. 6 is an elevation view of a small-diameter support of a crushing rotor suitable for unequal speed rotation, and an installed crushing blade, and FIG. 7 is a circle. It is a partial elevation view of a shape support body.

1 to 5, the crusher 1 for crushing a relatively large object to be crushed from a home, office, mountain area, park, etc. as described above has a hopper 11 over the entire upper opening 12.
And a pair of crushing rotors 20 and 30 which are rotationally driven at a constant speed in the opposite direction in which the casing 10 is fitted in parallel in the casing 10.
And a rotary drive device 40 for the rotors 20 and 30. The casing 10 is supported on the pedestal 5 so as to groin the belt conveyor C that carries out the crushed fragments, and the bottom surface thereof is a lattice-shaped screen 10C that follows the rotation of the rotors 20 and 30. That is, screen 10C
The screen meshes of the plurality of transverse partition support plates 13, ..., which are spaced at equal distances in the longitudinal direction, and the support plates 13, ....
Is formed between the plurality of vertical fixed blade members 14, ... Fixed in the recesses of the arc portion of equal pitch. These fixed blade members 14, ... and the support plate 13, ..., which form the sieve mesh of the screen 10C that determines the size of the crushed fragments, are sieve meshes as several lattice-shaped units. It is made in advance for each size, and is configured so that it can be replaced integrally as appropriate.

The rotors 20 and 30 have rotating shafts 21 and 31.
A plurality of substantially square large-diameter supports 22 and 32 and small-diameter supports 25 and 35, which are fixed so as to be orthogonal to each other in the longitudinal direction at regular intervals so as to be staggered in the longitudinal direction, and squares of the respective supports. The blade mounting plates 23 and 33 fixed in a T-shape so as to be orthogonal to the radial direction, and the blade mounting plates 23 and 33 are replaced by bolts through the M-type groove N which is a cage-type engaging means. It is comprised of crushing blades 24, 34 as shown in FIG. The crushing blades 24, 24 mounted on the large-diameter support 22 and the small-diameter support 25 of the one rotary shaft 21, and the crushing blades mounted on the small-diameter support 35 and the large-diameter support 32 of the other rotary shaft 31. Blade 34,
In order to take the same phase so that the shafts 34 approach each other, the large diameter support 22 and the small diameter support 25 of one rotating shaft 21 and the small diameter support 35 and the large diameter support 32 of the other rotating shaft 31 are provided. Are arranged in the same phase relation, and the axes 21, 3
1s are offset from each other by 45 degrees at the central angle. Therefore,
The large-diameter support 22 and the small-diameter support 25 of one of the rotary shafts 21 are attached to the shaft 21 with a center angle shifted by 45 degrees, and the large-diameter support 32 and the small-diameter support 35 of the other rotary shaft 31 are centered. It is attached to the shaft 31 at an angle of 45 degrees.

The crushing blades 24 and 34 have such a width that the shafts of the other shafts are slightly overlapped with each other (indicated by O in FIG. 3) in the longitudinal direction, and are left to be bitten into the crushed object. There is no such thing. In this case, both shafts 2
When the rotary driving devices 40 rotate the Nos. 1 and 31 at a constant speed, the thrown-in waste is prevented from moving in the longitudinal direction between the large-diameter supports 22, 22 and 32, 32 at the throwing point. , Crushing blades 24 or 34 of the large-diameter support 22 or 32 of the one shaft 21 or 31 and crushing blades 34 or 24 of the small-diameter support 35 or 25 of the other shaft 31 or 21 one after another, and are sheared. It is crushed by the action of crushing and tearing, and the longitudinal fixed blade members 14, ...
4 and 34 are crushed by the same action, and the crushing is repeated until they can pass through the sieve mesh of the screen 10C, and a large amount of processing is performed.

The crushing machine 1 of the above-mentioned embodiment rotates at a constant speed, but the crushing blades 24 of the shafts 21 and 31 are
By eliminating the overlap of 34 in the longitudinal direction so that they do not come into contact with each other, they can be used even at unequal speed rotation, and the effects of biting, shearing, crushing and tearing are stronger at unequal speed rotation. In the case of unequal speed rotation, since the crushing blades 24 and 34 of the shafts 21 and 31 are not overlapped with each other in the longitudinal direction so that they do not hit each other, some biting remains in the longitudinal direction, but it is slight. Yes Treated as debris. For example, when one rotary shaft 21 is driven to rotate at a low speed and the other rotary shaft 31 is driven to rotate at a high speed, the small-diameter support 25 'of the low-speed rotary shaft 21 has an octagonal shape as shown in FIG. The crushing blade 24 is mounted on each corner via the mounting plate 23, and the large-diameter support 35 of the other shaft 31 that rotates at a high speed.
With the crushing blade 34 of the above, biting in twice as much as the above embodiment,
It is capable of shearing, crushing and tearing. As the crushing blades 24 and 34, as shown in FIG.
Flat blades 24A, 34A, oblique blades 24B, 34B and sword tip blades 24
C, 34C, etc. are used, and facing the mounting plates 23, 33 after abrasion so that they can be used twice by changing the direction back and forth.
Edges are formed on the sides. On the bottom of the blades 24, 34,
A concave dovetail groove N shaped to engage with the convex dovetail M of the mounting plates 23 and 33 is formed. Instead of the square large-diameter support, another polygonal shape may be used to increase or decrease the number of crushing blades according to the number of the corners, or as shown in FIG. 7, circular supports 22 ', 25 ", 32. It is possible to mount the crushing blades 24 and 34 at predetermined intervals on the outer peripheral circle by setting them as ', 35'.

The rotating shafts 21 and 31 are respectively provided in the casing 10.
Are rotatably supported by bearings 18 and 19 outside the both end walls 10A and 10B of the shaft, and are indicated by an arrow R by a rotary drive device 40.
1, 10 to 30 r.p. in the direction of R2. p. m. It is rotated at a constant speed or a non-uniform speed at a low speed. That is, one shaft end is connected to each output shaft of the speed reducer 43, which is rotationally driven by the motor 42, via the joint 41 forming the rotational drive device 40. The pair of gears attached to the output shaft of the speed reducer 43
The diameters are the same for constant velocity, and different for non-uniform velocity. During the crushing work, a large abnormal load is applied to the rotor 2
At 0 and 30, the control device automatically reverses a predetermined number of times, or repeats normal and reverse rotations so that large waste can be crushed without trouble.

[0016]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the crusher according to the first aspect of the present invention, (1) it has a charging opening for charging a crushed object in the upper part and a transverse support in the bottom part. A substantially rectangular parallelepiped casing having a discharge portion provided with a plurality of vertical fixed blade members which are supported by members and are separated from each other in the width direction and which form a lattice shape, and are mutually inserted so as to be bitten into the casing from top to bottom. At least a pair of rotating shafts that are rotated in opposite directions, and a large-diameter support and a small-diameter support for crushing blades, which are spaced apart from each other so as to alternate with those of the opposing shafts in the longitudinal direction. , Each of the large-diameter support and the small-diameter support is composed of a plurality of crushing blades that are attached in a spaced relationship so that the ones with opposed rotating shafts come close to each other and crush the waste, For small objects to be crushed that do not need to be crushed, a transverse support member and a vertical fixed blade member Crushing of a large crushed object which does not pass through is efficiently performed without dropping unnecessary resistance on the rotating shaft and not hindering the crushing by immediately dropping from the grid-shaped discharge portion formed by and. That is, a large amount of crushed material such as waste can be charged from a large charging opening, and the crushed material can be efficiently and smoothly crushed into fragments of a predetermined size at the charging position. (2) The upper charging opening is opened in the entire casing, and large, long, and bulky objects can be charged in their original shape.
Of the rotor, for example 10-30 r. p. m. Vibrations and noise are low at low speeds such as, torque is large and small vibrations give a large crushing force, energy saving and efficient crushing work can be done, low vibration and no special foundation work is required and noise is low and soundproof No means are required, dust generation is small, the structure is simple, there are few failures, maintenance is easy, and the crushing can be performed efficiently by engaging the concave and convex blades.

(3) In the crusher according to the second aspect of the present invention, the rotating shafts are rotationally driven at unequal speeds, and the crushing blades mounted on the large-diameter support face the inner side of the opposing shaft. Are arranged so that they do not overlap each other in the longitudinal direction,
Since the crushing blade of one rotating shaft and the crushing blade of the other rotating shaft pass in close proximity to each other, the object to be crushed can be effectively bitten and powerful shearing, crushing and tearing work can be performed. (4) According to the crusher of claim 3, the rotary shaft is
The crushing blade mounted on the large-diameter support has the same phase as the large-diameter support-equipped crushing blade of the opposite shaft and the small-diameter support-equipped crushing blade are rotated at the same speed. The crushing blades on one rotating shaft and the crushing blade on the other rotating shaft do not pass each other in close proximity, but they are always facing each other in the same phase to compare the crushed objects. It effectively bites quietly, and because the radius from each axis is different, the peripheral speed of the crushing blade with a large diameter support is larger than that of the crushing blade with a small diameter support, and effective shearing against the crushed object,
Can perform crushing and tearing work.

(5) According to the crusher of claim 4, the crushing blade mounting large-diameter support and small-diameter support have a polygonal shape or a circular shape, and each corner or outer peripheral circle has a predetermined shape. The crushing blade mounting plates are attached at intervals so that they are orthogonal to the radial direction.
Each support restrains the escape movement of the object to be crushed in the longitudinal direction of the rotation axis regardless of the rotation of the pair of rotation shafts at equal speed or unequal speed, and the crushing blade of the crushing blade in the rotation circle tangential direction mounted on the mounting plate is crushed. It can effectively bite, shear, crush, and tear objects. (6) According to the crusher of claim 5, the crushing blade mounting plate mounts and fixes the crushing blade via the cage-type engaging means, and bites, shears, crushes, and tears the object to be crushed. It is possible to completely prevent the crushing blade from sliding on the crushing blade mounting plate during the work of, and firmly fix the crushing blade to the crushing blade mounting plate. (7) According to the crusher of claim 6, the rotary shaft is
If the drive device of the rotating shaft is overloaded by biting a hard metal plate waste product, etc., it will be bitten before the drive device fails because it is reversely rotated a predetermined number of times by the overload detection signal from the overload detector. It can be crushed by removing the jam and repeatedly biting.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a crusher according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a partial plan view of the crushing rotor.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of a crushing blade used in the crusher.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a grid-shaped screen according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an elevational view of a small-diameter support and a mounted crushing blade of a crushing rotor suitable for unequal speed rotation.

FIG. 7 is a partial elevational view of a circular support.

FIG. 8 (a) Conventional horizontal swing hammer crusher,
(B) the same horizontal ring hammer type crusher, (c) the same vertical swing hammer type crusher, and (d) the same vertical ring grinder type crusher.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Crusher 10 Casing 10A Upper opening 10C Bottom 12 Upper opening 13 Transverse support member 14 Longitudinal fixed blade member 21 Rotating shaft 22 Large diameter support for crushing blade 23 Blade mounting plate 24 Crushing blade 25 Small diameter support for crushing blade mounting 25 'Small-diameter support suitable for unequal speed rotation 31 Rotating shaft 32 Large-diameter support for crushing blade mounting 33 Blade mounting plate 34 Crushing blade 35 Small-diameter supporting body for crushing blade mounting 40 Drive device M / N Stamp cage type engaging means

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A discharge provided with a plurality of vertical fixed blade members having a lattice shape and having a charging opening at the top for charging a crushed object and being supported by a transverse support member at the bottom and separated in the width direction. A substantially rectangular parallelepiped casing having a portion, at least a pair of rotating shafts that are rotated in mutually opposite directions so as to be bitten into the casing from top to bottom, and each rotating shaft has an opposing shaft in the longitudinal direction. Large diameter support and small diameter support for crushing blades installed so that they are staggered with each other, and the outer circumferences of these large diameter support and small diameter support are close to each other and crushed A crusher comprising: a plurality of crushing blades mounted in a separated state so as to crush an object. 2. The rotating shafts are rotationally driven at unequal speeds so that the crushing blades mounted on the large-diameter support do not overlap with those of the opposing shaft in the longitudinal direction on the inside facing each other. The crusher according to claim 1, which is arranged. 3. The crushing device mounted on a large-diameter support, wherein the rotary shaft is rotated at a constant speed, and the crushing blade equipped with a large-diameter support and the crushing blade equipped with a small-diameter support on the opposite shaft have the same phase. The crusher according to claim 1, wherein the blades are opposed to each other in the longitudinal direction, and the blades are opposed to each other in the longitudinal direction. 4. The crushing blade mounting large-diameter support and the small-diameter support have a polygonal shape or a circular shape, and the crushing blade mounting plate is orthogonal to the radial direction at predetermined intervals of each corner or outer peripheral circle. The crusher according to claim 1, 2 or 3, which is attached so that 5. The crusher according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the crushing blade mounting plate has the crushing blade mounted and fixed thereto through a cage-type engaging means. 6. The rotating shaft is reversely rotated a predetermined number of times by an overload detection signal from an overload detector.
Or the crusher described in 3.