JP2657037B2 - Wall panel and building using it - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a wall panel having a ventilation space therein, and a building using the wall panel to form a continuous air movement circuit under a wall, a ceiling, and a floor. .

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a building having an outer wall formed by combining wall panels, a ventilation formed inside the wall panel or between the wall panel and an exterior material adhered to the outside of the wall panel. 2. Description of the Related Art There has been proposed a structure in which an air flow is formed in a space to adjust the temperature of a building by a heat exchange action between the air flow and a building component. In recent years, as the structure of the building, there is a structure having an air cycle function as disclosed in Japanese Examined Patent Application Publication No. 3-64660 as an improved temperature control function.

[0003] The building having the air cycle function includes:
The ventilation space of each of the wall panels is connected by ventilation paths provided under the ceiling and the floor, and a structure in which air flows around the building through an air moving circuit formed by the continuous ventilation space and the ventilation path. ing. In a building having such a structure, if air flows in a part of the ventilation path or the ventilation space with the energy of solar radiation, the air in all the ventilation paths and the ventilation space flows in conjunction with each other. .

[0004]

However, in the case of the above-mentioned wall panel, for example, if the wall panel of the building is heated by solar radiation or the like, the heated air rises in the ventilation space, and The air in each ventilation path and ventilation space flows in conjunction with the rise, and the heat distribution in the building becomes uniform,
In summer and winter, the difference between the room temperature and the outside air temperature is large, and the air inside the wall panel is easily affected by the outside air temperature. There has been a problem that heat is exchanged with the outside air to reduce the temperature control effect inside the building.

In view of the above problems, when the ventilation space is moved to the indoor side in the thickness direction of the wall panel, it becomes difficult to obtain the energy of air recirculation due to the solar radiation. Further, even when the ventilation space only on the insolation side wall panel is set to the outside in the thickness direction of the wall panel, and the other wall panel is provided with the ventilation space on the inside in the thickness direction indoor, it moves from under the floor on the insolation side. The heat exchange between the incoming low-temperature air and the indoor air was slight, and the above-mentioned temperature adjustment effect was unsatisfactory.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problem, and has a structure in which a ventilation space is divided by a ventilation layer forming board to be doubled in the thickness direction of a wall panel, thereby absorbing air recirculation energy due to solar radiation. It is an object of the present invention to provide a wall panel capable of improving the effect of adjusting the temperature inside a building without impairing the structure, and a building using the wall panel.

[0007]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a plurality of buildings are arranged at the outer wall of a building and mounted on the outdoor side.
Wall covering the exterior walls of the building
Panel that is a rectangular frame-like panel
Frame and a structural surface material for covering the outdoor side surface of the panel frame
And, provided on the outdoor side of this structural face material, the exterior material is
When attached, this exterior material and the structural face material
Between the outer material and the front
The space between the structural surface material and the first ventilation surface on the structural surface material side
Formation of a ventilation layer for partitioning the space and the second ventilation space on the exterior material side
And a board having a ventilation layer formed thereon,
A plurality of structural surface materials and a plurality of
The protrusions are arranged in a vertical alignment, and these protrusions are
Are formed as ventilation paths along the vertical direction, and the ventilation layer is formed.
On the outdoor side of the structural facing around the board,
When the exterior material is attached, the first and second communication
A rafter surrounding the side of the air space is provided, and the rafter includes
A wall panel is characterized in that a ventilation recess communicating with the second ventilation space is formed .

In the invention according to claim 2, in the wall panel according to claim 1, the structural face material has a strength capable of supporting a load as a structural material of a building, and has a thickness direction. A wall panel is characterized in that a number of ventilation holes are formed in the wall panel.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, there is provided the first or second aspect.
Is a wall panel 2, wherein the vent layer-forming board, a wall panel, characterized in that it is formed by water-impermeable material and a solution of the above problems.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the first or second aspect is provided.
Or a building using the wall panel according to 3, wherein the wall panel is installed on an outer wall on at least the solar side and the non-solar side of the building, and the solar side and the non-solar side are provided under a ceiling and a floor of the building. An object is to provide a building using a wall panel, wherein a ventilation path is provided for connecting the respective wall panels, and the ventilation path and the first and second ventilation spaces of the wall panels are communicated with each other. Was the solution.

[0011]

According to the wall panel of the first aspect, by adjusting the width of the first and second ventilation spaces at the position of the ventilation layer forming board, the air flow rate of each ventilation space is adjusted.
Further, the wall panel mainly performs heat exchange between the air flowing inside and the building inside in the first ventilation space, and mainly performs heat exchange between the air flowing inside and the outside air in the second ventilation space. Do.
In addition, the air flow is
By circulating, good ventilation in the vertical direction is performed.
You. Additionally, a second adjacent wall panel is provided between
Ventilation spaces communicate with each other to obtain a good ventilation
You.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the structural panel supports the load of the building, so that the wall panel functions as a structural material of the building. In addition, air flows between the inside of the building and the first and second ventilation spaces through the ventilation holes of the structural face material.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, if the high temperature and high humidity air comes in contact with the ventilation layer forming board at a low temperature, water vapor in the air is condensed and removed, and the humidity of the passed air is reduced. Let it.

According to the building of the fourth aspect, when the wall panel located on the solar radiation side is heated by the solar radiation, the first,
The air in the second ventilation space rises, and the air in the first and second ventilation spaces of each wall panel and the air in the ventilation passage flow in conjunction with the rising airflow, so that the first and second airflows as a whole are obtained. 2
Air recirculates through the circuit formed by the ventilation space and the ventilation path. By adjusting the position of the ventilation layer forming board and setting the cross-sectional areas of the first and second ventilation spaces in each wall panel, in each part of the building, the reflux air flow rate for exchanging heat with the outside air and the inside of the building The ratio of the amount of air and the amount of reflux air to be exchanged with heat is adjusted.

[0015]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a building 1, 2 denotes a wall panel, 3 denotes a ceiling, 4 denotes a floor, 5 denotes an air passage, 6 denotes a girder, and 7 denotes an exterior material. As shown in FIG. 1, the building 1 is a two-story house having an outer wall composed of a wall panel 2, and a ventilation path 5 provided in a ceiling 3 and under the floor 4 and formed in each wall panel 2. And a continuous air movement circuit formed by connecting the first and second ventilation spaces 20 and 21 to each other.

As shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 8, the wall panel 2 is composed of a panel frame 11 formed by assembling a rigid frame material W such as wood vertically and horizontally, and a surface on one side of the panel frame 11. A structural plywood 12 fixed so as to cover, and a ventilation layer forming board 13 provided at a predetermined distance from the surface of the structural plywood 12
And a heat insulating material 14 filled over the entire surface of the panel frame 11 in the surface direction, and the whole is formed in a rectangular plate shape. With respect to the building 1, each wall panel 2 is vertically up and down and the side of the heat insulating material 14 is directed toward the inside of the building 1, and both ends in the length direction are to the girder 6 etc. constituting the building 1. It is fixed and installed.

The panel frame 11 has a column 15 fixed to at least one of its widthwise ends. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, the pillar 15 is attached to the girder 6 or the like when the wall panel 2 is installed at a predetermined position of the building 1, and reduces the load of the building 1 via the girder 6. To support. Also,
As shown in FIG. 7, the panel frame 11 is 10 to 30 cm.
The heat insulating material 14 is filled inside. The heat insulating material 14 is made of glass wool, foamed resin beads, or the like, and its movement is restricted between the structural plywood 12 and the body edge provided on the surface of the panel frame 11 on the side opposite to the structural plywood 12. In this state, it is stored in the panel frame 11.

The structural plywood 12 is a plate material having four corners which are notched obliquely, and is fixed to the members constituting the panel frame 11 and the columns 15. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, when the wall panel 2 is fixed to the building 1, the structural plywood 12 is opened because the mounting portions of the beam 8 and the like to the beam 6 to which the wall panel 2 is fixed are opened. Interference is sometimes avoided, and the work efficiency of the construction of the building 1 can be improved. The attachment portion of the beam 8 or the like to the spar 6 has a shape capable of securing a sufficient working area even when the attachment position of the beam 8 to the spar 6 is located at the joint of the wall panel 2 connected in the plane direction. Is formed.

Further, since the structural plywood 12 has a sufficient strength, it can support an external force acting on the wall panel 2 via the column 15, so that it functions as a structural material of the building 1. It is also possible. Further, the structural plywood 12
Is used for the configuration of the panel frame 11 by fixing the frame W, so that the number of frame W
In addition to improving the production efficiency, the work of filling the heat insulating material 14 and the like can be facilitated, and the production efficiency of the wall panel 2 can be improved. The structural plywood 12 has a large number of ventilation holes T having a diameter of about several millimeters penetrating in the thickness direction.

The ventilation layer forming board 13 has a large number of projections 16 protruding on both front and back surfaces. The ventilation layer forming board 13 fixes the side end face to the rafter 17 fixed to the surface of the structural plywood 12 on the side opposite to the panel frame 11, and makes each projection 16 contact the outer surface of the structural plywood 12. It is fixed to the structural plywood 12 in contact therewith. On the surface of the ventilation layer forming board 13 on the side opposite to the structural plywood 12, the building 1
The exterior material 7 that is exposed as an outer surface is attached.
The exterior material 7 is a structural plywood 1 of the ventilation layer forming board 13.
The protrusions 16 projecting from the surface opposite to the surface 2 are fixed to the wall panel 2 in a state where the protrusions 16 are in contact with each other. The surface of the exterior material 7 is coated with a sweat-forming paint (sweating lysine), and has moisture permeability. As shown in FIG. 5, the rafter 17 extends in the entire length direction of the wall panel 2, but a recess 18 is formed in some places, and the rafter 17 is connected to the adjacent wall panel 2. Ventilation is achieved.

In the wall panel 2, the space between the exterior material 7 and the structural plywood 12 is partitioned at the position of the board body 19 of the ventilation layer forming board 13, and the space between the board body 19 and the exterior material 7 side. The second ventilation space 21 and the first ventilation space 20 on the side of the structural plywood 12 constitute a double ventilation space. As shown in FIG. 7, in the wall panel 2 located on the solar radiation side of the building 1, the board body 19 is unevenly distributed on the structural plywood 12 side, and the cross-sectional area of the second ventilation space 21 is large. .
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 8, in the wall panel 2 located on the non-solar side of the building 1, the board body 19 is unevenly distributed on the exterior material 7 side, and the cross-sectional area of the first ventilation space 20 increases. ing.

The ventilation passage 5 extends in the entire surface direction of the ceiling 3 and the underfloor 4 of the building 1 and opens into the ceiling 3 and the underfloor 4, respectively.
And air are connected so that they can flow freely. In addition, in the case of the two-story building 1 shown in FIG. 1, the ventilation path 5 provided above the building 1 is arranged along the upper surface of the ceiling 3 on the second floor. In the case of the building 1, the first and second ventilation spaces 2 of the wall panels 2 on the first and second floors are provided in the attic of the first floor.
A connection ventilation path 9 connecting 0 and 21 is provided.

On the other hand, an air passage 5 provided in the lower part of the building 1 extends under the floor 4 and passes over a layer of crushed stone or sand laid on a moisture-proof sheet spread on the foundation of the building 1. , Through which the air stream passes. In the ventilation passage 5, the moved air passes while contacting the crushed stone or the sand layer, so that the temperature and the humidity are appropriately adjusted. The connection ventilation passage 9 utilizes a space in the attic provided in a portion of the ceiling 1 on the first floor where the second floor portion of the building 1 is not present, and uses the wall panel 2 on the first floor.
And a second-floor wall panel 2 adjacent to the first-floor wall panel 2
The air can freely flow between the first and second ventilation spaces 20 and 21.

Hereinafter, the function and effect of the building 1 will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, when the building 1 is heated by one side of the wall panel 2 by solar radiation or the like, the building 1
First and second ventilation spaces 20 and 21 of each wall panel 2
And the respective air passages 5 and the connection air passages 9 are connected to each other in a freely circulating manner to form a continuous air movement circuit. Therefore, the first and second ventilation spaces 20 and 21 are formed by the energy of the solar radiation. As the air in the inside rises, the amount of the rising air flows into the first and second ventilation spaces 20 and 21 from the ventilation path 5 on the underfloor 4 side, and as a result, the air recirculates in the entire moving circuit. As a result of this air circulation, building 1
In the summer, low-temperature air in the ventilation path 5 under the floor 4 and the first and second ventilation spaces 20 and 21 on the non-solar side recirculates in the interior of the building because the uneven distribution of temperature is reduced. The cooling effect of the solar radiation side of the object 1 and the upper part can be improved. On the other hand, in winter, the heat that tends to stay in the upper part of the building 1 in particular is dispersed throughout the building 1 through the airflow, so that the heating effect of the whole building 1 can be improved.

In the wall panel 2, heat exchange between the first ventilation space 20 and the inside of the building 1 and heat exchange between the second ventilation space 21 and the outside air are performed. As a result, the first
Of course, the energy of the return of the air can be obtained in the ventilation space 20 of the first embodiment. Of course, the second ventilation space 21 is thermally isolated from the first ventilation space 20 by the board body 19, so The air that has flowed into the ventilation space 21 exchanges heat with the inside of the building 1 without being affected by the outside air temperature, and the efficiency of heat exchange is improved.

That is, the wall panel 2 installed on the solar radiation side
Since the first ventilation space 20 is narrow and the second ventilation space 21 is wide, heat energy due to solar radiation is transmitted to a large amount of air via the exterior material 7 to reduce the return energy of air in the air moving circuit. A state in which the air that has flowed through the underfloor 4 and flows into the first ventilation space 20 flows into the first ventilation space 20 so that the air that has flowed in the board body 19 blocks the thermal effect from the exterior material 7. As a result, heat exchange with the inside of the building 1 is performed, so that the efficiency of heat exchange between the return air and the inside of the building 1 is improved.

On the other hand, the wall panel 2 located on the non-solar side is
The first ventilation space 20 is wide and the second ventilation space 21 is narrow,
In addition, since the thermal effect between the first and second ventilation spaces 20 and 21 is blocked by the board body 19, the efficiency of heat exchange between the inside of the building 1 and the first ventilation space 20 is improved. In addition, the influence of the outside air temperature on the first ventilation space 20 is small. The non-solar side wall panel 2 has a higher heat exchange efficiency between the interior of the building 1 and the first ventilation space 20 than the solar radiation side where the first ventilation space 20 is wider. The structure is designed to maintain the temperature and make the heat distribution uniform.

It should be noted that the wall panel 2 is
Since air flows between the inside of the building 1 and the first ventilation space 20, when an air flow is generated in the first and second ventilation spaces 20, 21, the building 1 is automatically turned on. Ventilation inside is exhibited. Further, the wall panel 2 has a large temperature difference between the first ventilation space 20 and the second ventilation space 21 especially in winter, so that the hot and humid reflux air has passed through the second ventilation space 21. At this time, moisture in the air is dewed and dehumidified on the surface of the ventilation layer forming board 13 of the wall panel 2 located on the non-solar side where the temperature is particularly low, so that dew condensation water and the like into the heat insulating material 14 and the like are prevented. As a result, the heat exchange action and the ventilation action do not decrease. In addition, since dew condensation on the inner wall of the building 1 can be prevented, the life of the building 1 can be extended and the livability can be improved.

As a result, in the building 1, the efficiency of heat exchange between the return airflow and the inside of the building 1 is improved, uneven distribution of heat in the building 1 is eliminated, and temperature control of the whole building 1 is performed. Of course, in the building 1, since the air layer formed in the wall panel 2 has a double structure of the first and second ventilation spaces 20, 21, the first and second ventilation By adjusting the cross-sectional area of the spaces 20 and 21, it is possible to sufficiently absorb the return energy of air in the moving circuit formed by the ventilation path 5, the connection ventilation path 9, and the first and second ventilation spaces 20 and 21. ,
The influence of the outside temperature on the inside of the building 1 can be greatly reduced.

In the building 1, the wall panel 2 and the like may be used for the ventilation path 5 and the connection ventilation path 9 under the ceiling 3 and under the floor 4. Further, an air conditioner is directly connected to the ventilation path 5, the connection ventilation path 9, and the first and second ventilation spaces 20 and 21, and the entire building 1 is air-conditioned by using the return airflow of the moving circuit. It may be.

[0031]

As described above, according to the wall panel of the present invention, a plurality of panels are aligned at the outer wall of a building, and
Construct the exterior wall of the building with the exterior materials to be attached
Wall panels, which are framed vertically and horizontally
Panel frame and a structure for covering the outdoor side surface of the panel frame
A face material, and the exterior material provided on an outdoor side of the structural face material.
When the material is installed, the exterior material and the structural face material
And the exterior material is arranged in a state of being separated from both sides.
And the space between the structural face material and the first structural face material side.
Ventilation layer for partitioning into a ventilation space and a second ventilation space on the exterior material side
Forming board, wherein the ventilation layer forming board
Secures an interval between the structural face material and the exterior material
A plurality of protrusions are arranged in an up-down direction and
An air passage is provided between the wakes along the vertical direction,
On the outdoor side of the structural face material around the layer forming board
When the exterior material is attached, the first and second
A rafter surrounding the side of the ventilation space is provided, and the rafter is attached to the rafter.
Is formed with a ventilation recess communicating with the second ventilation space.
Since the air layer formed in the wall panel has a double structure of the first and second ventilation spaces, the influence of the outside air temperature on the inside of the building is reduced, The effect of the outside air temperature on the heat exchange between the airflow flowing in the first ventilation section and the inside of the building is greatly reduced, and the exchange efficiency is improved. In addition, a ventilation path provided along the vertical direction
Good air circulation in the vertical direction
It can be performed well and has a large cooling or heating effect.
You can aim up. In addition, the wall panel adjacent to the side
Between the second ventilation space and the
To obtain a good ventilation,
Further improvement can be achieved.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the wall panel according to the first aspect, the structural panel has a strength capable of supporting a load as a structural material of a building, and It is characterized by a large number of ventilation holes perforated in the thickness direction, so wall panels can be used as structural materials of buildings, and construction of buildings using wall panels can be simplified. In addition to this, air can flow between the inside of the building and the first ventilation space through the ventilation holes, so that the heat exchange efficiency between the inside of the building and the first ventilation space is of course further improved. In addition, the number of components of the panel frame can be reduced, and the efficiency of manufacturing the wall panel can be improved.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided the wall panel according to the first aspect, wherein the ventilation layer forming board is formed of a water-impermeable material and has a plurality of projections formed on a surface thereof. If the ventilation layer forming board is in contact with hot and humid reflux air when the temperature is low, moisture in the air will be condensed and removed, preventing condensation on the inside of the building, It is possible to extend the life of the building using the wall panels and improve the livability.

According to the building of the fourth aspect, the first aspect.
Or a building using the wall panel according to 2 or 3,
The wall panel is installed on at least the outer wall of the building on the solar and non-solar sides, and a ventilation path is provided below and above the ceiling and floor of the building to connect the wall panels on the solar and non-solar sides, respectively. And the first and second ventilation spaces of each of the wall panels are communicated with each other.
By moving the position of the ventilation layer forming board in the thickness direction of the wall panel, the solar radiation side of the building enlarges the cross-sectional area of the second ventilation space of the wall panel, and the other wall panels of the first ventilation space By enlarging the cross-sectional area, the solar panel wall can sufficiently absorb the return energy of the air returning to the moving circuit formed by the ventilation path and the first and second ventilation spaces. Since the influence of the outside air temperature on the inside of the building can be greatly reduced in the panel, it is easy to adjust the temperature inside the building and equalize the heat distribution.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall sectional view showing a building according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a panel frame constituting the wall panel.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a structural face material constituting the wall panel.

FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a ventilation layer forming board constituting the wall panel.

FIG. 5 is an overall view showing a wall panel.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged perspective view showing the vicinity of a joint between a pillar and a beam of a building.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing a wall panel installed on the solar radiation side.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a wall panel installed on the non-solar side.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Building 2 Wall panel 3 Ceiling 4 Underfloor 5 Ventilation path 7 Exterior material 11 Panel frame 12 Structural surface material 13 Vent layer forming board 16 Protrusion 20 2nd ventilation space 21 1st ventilation space T ventilation W frame material

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A plurality of buildings are arranged at the outer wall position of a building,
Configure the exterior walls of the building with the exterior materials attached to the side.
A rectangular panel-shaped panel frame formed by assembling frame materials vertically and horizontally;
Structural surface material for covering the exterior side surface of the flannel frame, and the structural surface
Provided on the outdoor side of the material, when the exterior material is attached
Between the exterior material and the structural surface material
Between the exterior material and the structural face material
The space between the first ventilation space on the structural surface material side and the
Having a ventilation layer forming board for partitioning into a second ventilation space
The ventilation layer forming board includes the structural face material and the outer
Multiple protrusions that secure the space with the equipment are aligned vertically
And the space between these protrusions
A ventilation path, and the structural face material around the ventilation layer forming board
On the outdoor side, when the exterior material is attached,
Rafters surrounding the sides of the first and second ventilation spaces are provided;
The rafter has a ventilation recess communicating with the second ventilation space.
A wall panel characterized by being formed . 2. The wall panel according to claim 1, wherein:
A wall panel, wherein the structural face material has a strength capable of supporting a load as a structural material of a building, and has a large number of ventilation holes formed in a thickness direction. 3. A wall panel of claim 1 or 2, wherein the vent layer-forming board, is formed in the water-impermeable material
Wall panels, characterized in that they are. 4. A building using the wall panel according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the wall panel is installed on at least an outer wall on a solar side and a non-solar side of the building, and a ceiling of the building is provided. A ventilation path is provided below the floor to connect the solar panels and the non-solar panels, and the ventilation paths and the first and second ventilation spaces of the wall panels communicate with each other. A building using wall panels.