JP2652500B2 - Sorting device for crushed incombustibles - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for sorting crushed incombustibles in a general waste and construction waste treatment facility.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 3-189266 proposed by the applicants of the present invention can be cited as an example of this sorter. This is a vibrating sieve in which the box-shaped main body vibrates in an oblique direction. An air supply port is provided at the bottom of the perforated plate, and an exhaust port is provided at the top of the perforated plate. By the synergistic action with the air flow, the crushed incombustible material can be divided into sandy / pebble-like material and combustible material on the perforated plate.

[0003]

However, relatively light combustibles such as wood chips and plastic chips mixed in the crushed incombustibles tend to be crushed into thin rods in the crushing step of the pretreatment. The wood piece floats without passing through the sieve hole due to the air flowing through the sieve hole and does not move on the perforated plate, and the oblique vibration causes the bar-shaped wood piece to sand through the sieve hole regardless of the air blowing up vertically.・ It passes along with pebble-like incombustibles. Further, since the exhaust port is a normal hood, the suction wind speed at the sieve surface is very small, and a thin rod-shaped piece of wood cannot be sucked and collected in the collector.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above problem, and a device for sorting crushed incombustibles capable of reliably removing combustibles from crushed incombustibles and greatly improving the purity of incombustibles. The purpose is to provide.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, a device for sorting crushed incombustibles according to the present invention comprises a horizontally long box-shaped body having a supply port at one end and a discharge port at the other end, and a box-shaped body. A vibrating sieve provided with a perforated plate that bisects the upper chamber and the lower chamber, and vibrating means for vibrating the box-shaped main body, wherein the lower chamber is divided into at least two front and rear chambers by a partition wall, and each chamber Are separated so that they cannot communicate with each other, a sieve discharge port and an air supply port are provided in each chamber, the perforated plate on the front chamber side of the lower chamber is made a small sieve hole, and the perforated panel on the rear chamber side is enlarged. With sieve holes, the aperture ratio of the perforated plate in which these large sieve holes and small sieve holes are opened is 20 to
Set to about 25%, provided multiple suction hoods with slit-shaped suction ports in the upper chamber that can adjust the distance to the perforated plate, and connected the collector and exhaust fan to the suction hood via a conduit It is.

Another problem is that the thickness of the perforated plate is made larger than the hole diameter. Further, a weir is provided at the downstream end of the perforated plate. Further, the vibrating means is a vibrating mechanism for rotating the box-shaped main body in a plane.

[0007]

[Function] When crushed incombustible material is put into the vibrating sieve from the supply port,
The crushed incombustibles move on the perforated plate to the discharge port side by vibrating action. On the other hand, the air supplied from the air supply ports into the front and rear chambers passes through the sieve holes of the perforated plate and flows in above the perforated plate. Accordingly, relatively heavy small-sized pieces of the crushed incombustible material fall into the front chamber from the small sieve hole against the airflow passing through the small sieve hole, and are collected from the sieving material discharge port. Then
The crushed incombustibles that did not pass through the small sieve hole move onto the large sieve hole, where relatively heavy medium-sized pieces are moved from the large sieve hole into the rear chamber against the airflow passing through the large sieve hole. It falls and is discharged from the sieving material discharge port, and the relatively heavy shards on the perforated plate are discharged from the discharge port. In the above process, relatively light combustible materials such as wood pieces and plastic pieces mixed in the non-combustible materials are floated on the perforated plate while floating without passing through each sieve hole by the air flowing from each sieve hole. Moves and separates from noncombustibles and ascends. The relatively light combustible material that has floated is sucked through the slit-shaped suction port of the suction hood, and is collected by the collector via the suction hood and the conduit.

In the above, since the aperture ratio of the perforated plate having the large sieve holes and the small sieve holes is set to about 20 to 25%,
If other conditions such as the size of each of the large sieve holes and the small sieve holes and the passing speed of the air passing through the large sieve holes and the small sieve holes are satisfied, the supply air in the lower chamber is reduced by the large sieve holes and the small sieve holes of the perforated plate. When blowing up through the sieve holes, the blow-up is performed uniformly from the entire surface of the perforated plate without causing partial blow-through in each sieve hole.
As a result, the crushed incombustible material on the perforated plate receives a uniform blowing force from the entire surface of the perforated plate, and only dust and combustibles are levitated therein. If the lower limit of the aperture ratio of the perforated plate is set to less than 20%, for example, about 15%, the pressure loss will be further increased, and more uniform blow-up will be possible. Problems arise. If the upper limit of the aperture ratio of the perforated plate is set to more than 25%, for example, about 30%, on the contrary, the sorting ability is improved, but there is a problem that uniform blowing is impaired. Therefore, the aperture ratio of the perforated plate is set to about 20 to 25% as described above in order to solve these two conflicting problems and to perform uniform blowing without greatly reducing the sorting ability. It is. As described above, the crushed incombustible material is reliably separated into small-grained sand-like material, medium-grained pebble-like material, large-grained material, and combustible material.

Further, by making the thickness of the perforated plate larger than the sieve hole diameter, even if an elongated wooden piece falls into the sieve hole, there is a greater chance that the wooden piece will hit the wall of the sieve hole and be returned to the perforated plate. . In addition, the weir provided at the downstream end of the perforated plate allows the sieved material to stagnate, and among the sieved material, flat, light combustibles are separated above the layer, and heavy incombustibles are separated below the layer. The combustible material divided upward is reliably sucked from the suction port. further,
By rotating the box-shaped main body, that is, the perforated plate in a plane by a vibration mechanism, a rod-like object such as a piece of wood is prevented from jumping and falling from the sieve hole, and the light-weight object is placed above the layer with heavy non-combustible material. The object is divided below the layer, and the lightweight object divided above the layer is sucked through the suction port.

[0010]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 to 3, reference numeral 1 denotes a vibrating sieve, which is divided into an upper chamber 5 and a lower chamber 6 in a substantially horizontal and horizontally long box-shaped main body 2 having a supply port 3 a at one upper end and a discharge port 3 b at the lower end of the other end. The box-shaped main body 2 is supported by a swinging lever 9 and a spring 10 which are provided obliquely between the two on a machine base 8 on which the box-shaped main body 2 is placed via a spring 7. Means 1
1 vibrates in an oblique (arrow in the drawing) direction. The vibration means 11 includes a motor 11a, a pulley 11
b and a vibration oscillator 11c.
Reference numeral 12 denotes a partition wall that partitions the lower chamber 6 into a front chamber 13 and a rear chamber 14. The perforated plate 4 has a non-porous portion 4a immediately below the supply port 3a corresponding to the front chamber 13, a large number of small sieve holes 4b formed downstream thereof, and a large number of large sieve holes 4c formed corresponding to the rear chamber 14. It consists of The small sieve hole 4b has a hole diameter of 7 to 10 mm, and the large sieve hole 4c has a hole diameter of 15 to 20 mm.

Reference numerals 15 and 16 denote outlets for discharging the sieves in the front chamber 13 and the rear chamber 14, respectively. 17 is a blower, piping 18 and 19
The air supply port formed on the side of the front chamber 13 and the rear chamber 14 by
Connected to 20, 21. Reference numerals 22 and 23 denote valves for adjusting air. The passing speed of the air passing through the small sieve hole 4b is approximately 10 m / s,
The passing speed of the air passing through the large sieve hole 4c is set to approximately 20 m / s. The aperture ratio of the portion of the perforated plate 4 corresponding to the front chamber 13 where the small sieve holes 4b are formed, excluding the non-porous portion 4a, and the large sieve hole which is the perforated plate corresponding to the rear chamber 14 The pressure loss is given by setting the aperture ratio of the portion where 4c is formed to 20 to 25%. The aperture ratio of the perforated plate 4 referred to in the present invention refers to the respective aperture ratios of the portions where the small sieve holes 4b and the large sieve holes 4c are formed, excluding the non-porous portions 4a, as described above. Reference numeral 26 denotes a suction hood having suction ports 25 protruding into the upper chamber 5 through the opening 24 of the box-shaped main body 1, and four suction hoods are shown in the figure, but can be changed depending on the length of the perforated plate 4. The suction port 25 has a slit-like shape and extends over substantially the entire width of the perforated plate 4.

The suction hood 26 is slidably fitted on the sleeve 28 of the gantry 27, and is fixed by a bolt 29 at a predetermined position so as not to move vertically. Accordingly, the height (h) of the position of the suction port 25 above the perforated plate 4 above the perforated plate 4 is adjusted. 30 is a flexible tube. Each hood 26 has a conduit 31,
It is connected via a collector 32 and an exhaust fan 33. 34
Is a suction air adjusting valve. 35 and 36 are perforated plates 4
This is a weir standing on the discharge side of the small sieve hole 4b and the large sieve hole 4c.

In the above embodiment, although not shown, solid waste is crushed by a solid waste crusher, combustibles are roughly removed by a vibrating sieve, and metals are removed by a magnetic separator into crushed incombustibles. Be sorted out. However, this crushed incombustible material still contains combustible materials such as wood chips and cannot be recycled as it is, and has to be landfilled. Therefore, the crushed incombustible material is supplied from the supply port 3a of the vibrating sieve 1 and the supplied crushed incombustible material rides on the non-porous portion 4a, spreads in the width direction of the sieve by vibrating action of the vibration means 11, and makes the layer uniform. It moves to the discharge port 3b side. Relatively heavy small pieces among the crushed incombustibles pass through the small sieve hole 4b and are collected from the undersize discharge port 15. Next, the crushed incombustibles that have not passed through the small sieve hole 4b move to the large sieve hole 4c, where relatively heavy medium-sized pieces pass through the large sieve hole 4c and are collected from the discharge port 16. In the above process, relatively small pieces (mainly combustibles) such as wood chips mixed in the crushed incombustibles are separated and floated by the airflow blown upward from the respective sieve holes 4b and 4c, and the suction ports 25 of the suction hood 26 are separated. And is collected by the collector 32 via the conduit 31. On the other hand, the coarse pieces that have not passed through the large sieve hole 4c are recovered through the outlet 3b. In the above, the pressure loss is generated by setting the aperture ratio of the perforated plate 4 to 20 to 25%,
The supply air in the front chamber 13 and the rear chamber 14 of the lower chamber 6 is
When the air is blown up through the a, 4b, the supply air does not cause partial blow-through, and the sieve holes 4a, 4a,
4b uniformly blows up from the entire surface of the perforated plate 4, whereby the incombustible material of the perforated plate 4 receives a uniform blowing force from the entire surface of the perforated plate 4, and only the dust and the combustibles float in this.

The air adjusting valves 22 and 23 adjust the air flow rate of the combustibles from the perforated plate 4 by adjusting the velocity of air blown out from the perforated plate 4, and the suction air amount adjusting valve 34 adjusts the degree of suction. By adjusting the suction speed at the port 25 and the mounting height (h) of the suction port 25, only combustibles can be reliably sucked.

Further, in FIG. 4, by setting the plate thickness t of the small sieve plate 4b of the perforated plate 4 to be equal to or larger than the hole diameter d, it is longer than the sieve hole diameter d and is usually placed under the sieve. When a stick-shaped piece of wood that does not fall is turned vertically by vibrating action and falls into the sieve hole, if the direction of the piece of wood is slightly oblique, it hits the wall of the perforated plate and returns to the perforated plate 4. The probability of falling from the sieve hole 4b is reduced. Therefore, the plate thickness t of the small sieve hole 4b is preferably about 10 mm, and in the case of the large sieve hole 4c, it is the same as or slightly thicker than the small sieve hole 4b.
mm. Further, a weir 3 is provided at the downstream end of the perforated plate 4.
5 and 36 are provided to temporarily store the crushed incombustible material, thereby forming a constant layer thickness. A combustible material such as a piece of wood moved above the layer by the vibration action is sucked from the suction port 25.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show another embodiment, in which the same reference numerals are used for the same parts as in the above-mentioned embodiment, and the detailed description is omitted. A vibrating sieve 1 similar to the above has a horizontally long box-shaped main body 2 having a supply port 3a at one upper end and a discharge port 3b at the other lower end, and a hanging bracket 3 suspended from a support 37.
8, the discharge port 3b is suspended with a slight downward descent and the vibrating means 39 provided at the end of the box-shaped main body 2 on the side of the supply port 3a, that is, the oscillating motion in the horizontal plane by the vibration mechanism ( (In the direction of the arrow shown). The vibrating means 39 includes a conventionally known motor 39a,
It comprises a pulley 39b and an oscillation mechanism 39c.

In the above-described embodiment, the crushed incombustible material supplied from the supply port 3a is placed on the non-porous portion 4a, and is swirled by the vibration means 39 in the horizontal plane of the box-shaped main body 2 to spread the layer in the width direction of the sieve. It is made uniform and moves to the discharge port 3b side.
Relatively heavy small pieces among the crushed incombustibles pass through the small sieve hole 4b and are collected from the undersize discharge port 15. Next, the crushed incombustibles that have not passed through the small sieve hole 4b move to the large sieve hole 4c, where the relatively heavy medium-sized pieces pass through the large sieve hole and are collected from the discharge port 16. In the above process, relatively light small pieces, such as wood chips, mixed in the crushed incombustible material are removed from the sieve holes 4b, 4c.
The air is blown upward by the airflow, is sucked from the suction port 25, and is collected by the collector 32 through the conduit 31.
The air flow is adjusted by the air adjusting valves 22 and 23 to adjust the degree of floating of the combustible material from the perforated plate 4, and the suction air amount adjusting valve 34 is used to adjust the suction speed at the suction port 25. By adjusting the position of the port 25, that is, the mounting height (h), only the combustible material can be reliably sucked.

Further, since the vibration direction of the vibrating mechanism 39 is such that the vibration direction of the box-shaped main body 2 is in a horizontal plane and the crushed incombustible material does not jump off due to the oblique vibration as in the above embodiment,
Elongated rod-shaped pieces of wood do not jump and pass through the sieve hole. In addition, by increasing the suction air volume from the suction port 25 in the large sieve hole 4c as compared with that of the small sieve hole 4b,
Even relatively large combustibles can be removed by suction, and almost no combustibles can be mixed in the large pieces discharged from the outlet 3b. In each of the above embodiments, the perforated plate 4 has two types of sieve holes 4b and 4c and the lower chamber 6 has two chambers 13 and 14, but the sieve holes 4b have the same shape and the lower part without the partition wall 12 is provided. Room 6 can also be used.

[0019]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following effects. The lower chamber is divided by a partition wall into at least two chambers of the front and rear sections, and each chamber is partitioned so as to be incommunicable. Each chamber is provided with a sieve discharge port and an air supply port. The perforated plate was made into a small sieve hole, and the perforated plate on the rear chamber side was made a large sieve hole, so that the crushed incombustibles were reduced to small particles by the synergistic action of the vibration of the perforated plate and the air flow flowing from each sieve hole. Can be reliably sieved into sandy, medium-sized pebble, and large-sized pieces on a perforated plate, and combustibles can be reliably selected by suction wind power. For this reason, sandy, pebble, and large-grained pieces are extremely high in purity, containing almost no combustibles (organic substances), enabling stable landfill from conventional controlled disposal and extending the life of the disposal site. And the disposal cost is reduced. In addition, it can be effectively used as backfill for roadbed materials and land preparation materials, and sandy materials can be reused individually as sandy materials and pebble-like materials as pebble-like materials. . In addition, since the front chamber and the rear chamber are not communicated by the partition wall, the pressure balance of the supply air in the front chamber and the rear chamber of the lower chamber is not lost. Therefore, even if there is a partition wall, the air in the rear chamber enters the front chamber as in the conventional device in which both chambers communicate with each other at the lower part, and the air blowing speed does not change (increase), and uniform air blowing is performed. The effect can always be maintained.

Further, since the opening ratio of the perforated plate having the large sieve holes and the small sieve holes is set to about 20 to 25%, the supply air may partially blow through each sieve hole as described above. In addition, it is possible to blow up evenly from the entire surface of the perforated plate, and it is possible to maintain the sorting of crushed incombustibles on the perforated plate with extremely high accuracy. In addition, as compared with a conventional apparatus using air rectifying means such as an air permeable plate, the structure is simpler and easier to manufacture, and there is no decrease in the air rectifying action due to the attachment and accumulation of sifted materials. In addition, a plurality of suction hoods having slit-shaped suction ports whose distance from the perforated plate can be adjusted are provided in the upper chamber, and a collector and an exhaust fan are connected to the suction hoods via conduits, so that crushed incombustibles are provided. A relatively small piece of combustible material, such as wood chips, mixed in the air, is lifted up from the perforated plate by blowing air, and this can be sucked through the slit-shaped suction port at the top of the perforated plate. Combustible materials and the like can be reliably removed. Also,
By adjusting the suction speed and the mounting height of the suction port, only combustible materials can be reliably sucked from non-combustible materials.

Further, since the thickness of the perforated plate is made larger than the diameter of the hole, even if a long and thin piece of wood falls into the sieve hole, the chance of the wood piece hitting the wall of the sieve and returning to the perforated plate increases, and the crushed incombustible material is removed. Of wood chips can be prevented.

Further, since a weir is provided at the downstream end of the perforated plate, the sieved material stays therein, so that the flat and relatively light combustible material among the sieved material is above the layer and the heavy incombustible material is above the layer. The combustibles that are separated below and separated above the layer can be reliably sucked and collected. Furthermore, since the box-shaped main body is made to swing in a plane by a vibration mechanism, a rod-shaped object such as a piece of wood does not jump off and drop from the sieve hole, and the combustible material is heavy incombustible material above the layer. Is separated below the layer, and the combustibles separated above the layer can be reliably sucked and collected from the suction port.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a device for sorting crushed incombustible materials according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a discharge end of the apparatus for sorting crushed incombustibles according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a partial vertical sectional view showing a perforated plate of the apparatus for sorting crushed incombustibles according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a device for sorting crushed incombustible materials according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a partially cutaway plan view of the crushable incombustibles sorting device of the above.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Vibrating sieve 2 Box-shaped main body 3a Supply port 3b Discharge port 4 Perforated plate 4b Small sieve hole 4c Large sieve hole 5 Upper chamber 6 Lower chamber 11,39 Vibration means 5,16 Under sieve discharge port 20,21 Air supply port 25 Suction port 26 Suction hood 31 Conduit 32 Collector 33 Exhaust fan 36 Weir 39 Vibration means (vibration mechanism)

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-5-115849 (JP, A) JP-A-5-57249 (JP, A) JP-B-53-23036 (JP, B2) JP-B-57-230 12425 (JP, B1)

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. An oblong box-shaped main body having a supply port at one end and a discharge port at the other end, a perforated plate bisecting the box-shaped main body into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, and vibration for vibrating the box-shaped main body. Vibrating sieve provided with a means, wherein the lower chamber is divided into at least two chambers of the front and rear parts by a partition wall, and each chamber is incommunicable, and each chamber has a sieve discharge port. An air supply port is provided, and the perforated plate on the front chamber side of the lower chamber is a small sieve hole, and the perforated plate on the rear chamber side is a large sieve hole. An opening ratio is set to about 20 to 25%, a plurality of suction hoods each having a slit-shaped suction port capable of adjusting an interval with the perforated plate are provided in the upper chamber, and a collector is provided to the suction hood via a conduit. And a crushed incombustible material sorting device, which is connected with a blower. 2. The perforated plate having a thickness greater than the hole diameter.
3. The apparatus for sorting crushed incombustibles according to 1.). 3. A weir is provided at a downstream end of the perforated plate.
Or the apparatus for sorting crushed incombustibles according to 2. 4. The vibrating mechanism according to claim 1, wherein said vibrating means is a vibrating mechanism for rotating the box-shaped main body in a plane.
4. The apparatus for sorting crushed incombustibles according to any one of claims 3 to 3.