JP3874619B2

JP3874619B2 - Waste sorting equipment

Info

Publication number: JP3874619B2
Application number: JP2001090518A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 滋辰巳; 研二秋元
Original assignee: Kurimoto Ltd
Current assignee: Kurimoto Ltd
Priority date: 2000-11-13
Filing date: 2001-03-27
Publication date: 2007-01-31
Anticipated expiration: 2021-03-27
Also published as: JP2002205017A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、可燃物と不燃物が混じった各種廃棄物を選別する装置に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
建築廃棄物や産業廃棄物等、異種の素材が結合したり、大形の廃材を含む廃棄物を処理する際には、結合した異種素材を分離したり、大形廃材を細かくするために、事前に破砕機等を用いてこれらの廃棄物を破砕し、さらに、これらの破砕した廃棄物を選別装置により可燃物と不燃物とに選別している。また、一般の廃棄物についても、可燃物と不燃物が混じったものは選別装置にかけられる。
【０００３】
この種の可燃物と不燃物とを選別する廃棄物の選別装置としては、例えば、特開平６−２６９７３７号公報に記載されたものがある。この廃棄物の選別装置は、図６に示すように、多孔板５１により上部室５２と下部室５３に仕切られ、前後方向に延びる箱形ケーシング５４と、ケーシング５４を振動させる振動手段５５と、下部室５３に設けた空気供給口５６に空気を供給する送風機５７と、上部室５２の天井に設けた吸引フード５８から捕集機５９を介して空気を吸引する排風機６０とを備え、上部室５２の前端側に廃棄物の供給口６１を設け、上部室５２の後端側と下部室５３の底部とに、それぞれ選別された廃棄物の排出口６２、６３を設け、上部室５２の排出口６２の手前側で多孔板５１上に堰６４を設けたものである。
【０００４】
前記供給口６１からケーシング５４に投入される可燃物と不燃物が混じった廃棄物は、振動手段５５で付与される振動により多孔板５１上を排出口６２側へ移動する。このとき、小石や砂等の細かく比重の大きい不燃物は多孔板５１の孔から下部室５３に落下する。残りの石等の比較的サイズの大きい不燃物と、木片、プラスチック片、紙片等の可燃物とは、空気供給口５６に供給されて多孔板５１の孔から吹き上げる空気と、ケーシング５４の振動とにより、比重の小さい可燃物が上層、比重の大きい不燃物が下層となるように２層に分離される。
【０００５】
前記下部室５３に落下した細かい不燃物は、その底部の排出口６３から排出され、さらに、上部室５２で上層に分離された可燃物は、天井の吸引フード５８に吸引されて、捕集機５９から排出され、残ったサイズの大きい不燃物のみが堰６４をオーバフローして、排出口６２から排出される。
【０００６】
前記可燃物には、肉厚の厚い木片やプラスチック片のようにあまり浮遊せず、吸引フード５８に吸引され難いものがある。また、建築廃棄物等に混じる細長の棒状木片は、浮遊し難いのみでなく、多孔板５１の孔から落下する恐れもあるとしている。
【０００７】
この選別装置は、特に、細長の棒状木片を確実に吸引フード５８に吸引できるように、吸引フード５８をスリット状とするとともに、吸引フード５８と多孔板５１との間隔を調整可能として、吸引力を高めるようにしている。
【０００８】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述したように、従来の選別装置は、可燃物と不燃物とを多孔板上で上下２層に分離するようにしているが、一部の可燃物が不燃物の下敷きになることを避けることができず、この不燃物の下敷きになった可燃物は、吸引フードの吸引力を高めてもなかなか吸引されないので、選別精度が悪くなる問題がある。また、あまり吸引力を高めると、不燃物も吸引フードに吸引される割合が多くなって選別精度が悪くなるとともに、空気の供給や排出のための設備が大がかりなものとなる問題もある。
【０００９】
そこで、この発明の課題は、簡単な構成で浮遊し難い可燃物を精度よく選別できる廃棄物の選別装置を提供することである。
【００１０】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の課題を解決するために、この発明は、多孔板により上部室と下部室に仕切られ、前後方向に延びる箱形ケーシングと、このケーシング全体を振動させる振動手段と、前記下部室に設けた空気供給口に空気を供給する手段と、前記上部室の天井に設けた吸引フードから空気を吸引する手段とを備え、前記上部室の前端側に廃棄物の供給口を設け、この上部室の後端側と前記下部室の底部とに、それぞれ選別された廃棄物の排出口を設け、前記上部室の排出口の手前側で前記多孔板上に堰を設けた廃棄物の選別装置において、前記堰の上方に前記吸引フードを配置し、この吸引フードに対する前記堰の上端の前後方向位置を、この吸引フードの前端から、吸引フードの下端と堰の上端間の上下間隔に等しい距離だけ手前側の位置よりも後方で、吸引フードの後端位置よりも前方とし、前記堰の後面側に上昇空気を送風する構成を採用した。
【００１１】
前記堰の上方に吸引フードを配置し、堰の後面側に上昇空気を送風するようにしたのは以下の理由による。
【００１２】
すなわち、あまり浮遊せずに堰を乗り越えようとする浮遊し難い可燃物は、堰の上端を乗り越えた先端側の部分が、堰の後面側で強い空気の吹き上げを受けて、吸引フードの吸引口に近づくように浮き上がり、この浮き上がった先端側から吸引フードに吸引される。なお、堰の前面側では、多孔板から落下しなかった不燃物や可燃物が塞き止められて多孔板の孔を塞ぐので、多孔板からの空気の吹き上げは弱い。
【００１３】
前記多孔板上を移動する棒状木片等の細長の可燃物は、同じく排出口側へ移動する他の廃棄物片との衝突を繰り返して、移動する際に、その長手方向が移動方向へ向けられやすく、前記空気の吹き上げによる先端側の浮き上がりが大きくなって吸引フードの吸引口に近づき、確実に吸引フードに吸引される。
【００１４】
また、前記吸引フードに対する堰の上端の前後方向位置を、吸引フードの前端から後端までの直下のみでなく、吸引フードの手前側へ、吸引フードの下端と堰の上端間の上下間隔に等しい距離だけ延長して許容したのは、前記空気の吹き上げで先端側が浮き上がる細長可燃物の傾斜角度は概ね４５°程度となるので、吸引フードの手前側では、堰の上端位置が吸引フードの下端と堰の上端間の上下間隔に等しい距離の範囲内であれば、浮き上がった細長可燃物の先端側が吸引フードの直下に来るからである。
【００１５】
前記吸引フードに対する堰の上端の前後方向位置を、前記吸引フードの前端位置よりも後方とすることにより、この吸引フードの直下では吸引フードの吸引力も大きくなるので、前記堰が吸引フードの手前側にある場合よりも、前記細長可燃物の傾斜角度は大きくなり、その先端側が吸引フードの吸引口により近づいて、効率よく吸引フードに吸引される。
【００１６】
前記堰を、その上端が前記上部室の排出口側へ傾斜する傾斜堰とすることにより、この傾斜堰の下方からの上昇空気も、傾斜堰の後面側でその上端に導き、堰の後面側での空気吹き上げ量を増加させて、前記細長の可燃物の先端側をより大きく浮き上がらせることができ、その吸引効率を高めることができる。
【００１７】
前記堰の後面側に上昇空気を送風する手段を、前記堰を多孔板の多孔部の途中に設け、この堰の後面側の多孔部から上昇空気を送風するものとすることにより、堰の後面側に上昇空気を送風するための別途の手段を不要とすることができる。
【００１８】
前記堰の後面側と前記多孔板の多孔部で連通する下部室の上部を小空気室に仕切り、この小空気室にも前記空気供給口を設けることにより、堰の後面側での空気吹き上げ量を堰の前面側よりも多くするように調節でき、前記細長の可燃物の先端側をより大きく浮き上がらせることができる。
【００１９】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図１乃至図５に基づき、この発明の実施形態を説明する。図１乃至図３は、第１の実施形態を示す。この廃棄物の選別装置は、図１および図２に示すように、概ね水平な多孔板１により上部室２と下部室３に仕切られ、前後方向に延びる箱形ケーシング４と、ケーシング４を振動させる振動手段５と、下部室３に設けた各空気供給口６に流量調節弁７を介して空気を供給する送風機８と、上部室２の天井に設けた２つの吸引フード９ａ、９ｂから捕集機１０を介して空気を吸引する排風機１１とを備え、上部室２の前端側に廃棄物の供給口１２を設け、上部室２の後端側と下部室３の底部とに、それぞれ選別された廃棄物の排出口１３、１４を設け、排出口１３側の吸引フード９ｂの直下で、多孔板１の多孔部の途中に堰１５を設けたものである。
【００２０】
前記ケーシング４は、ベース上にばね１６を介して載置された基台１７に取り付けられた傾斜揺動レバー１８と、揺動レバー１８と直交方向に取り付けられた圧縮コイルばね１９とで支持されている。
【００２１】
前記振動手段５は、基台１７に回転軸を支持されたクランク２０と、クランク２０の回転軸をベルト駆動するモータ２１と、クランク２０とケーシング４の両側部を連結する左右一対のレバー２２とから成り、前記揺動レバー１８とコイルばね１９で支持されたケーシング４を斜め上下方向に振動させる。
【００２２】
前記各吸引フード９ａ、９ｂは、固定梁２３に懸架され、振動するケーシング４との間は、蛇腹２４により気密が保たれている。また、下部室３に設けられた各空気供給口６も、蛇腹２５により空気配管２６に接続されている。
【００２３】
この選別装置は、主として建築廃棄物を選別するものであり、供給口１２から投入される廃棄物は、大形廃材を分別除去した小形廃材を、破砕機で３０〜５０ｍｍ程度の篩目を通過する大きさに破砕し、これらの破砕物から磁力選別機や非鉄金属選別機を用いて、鉄やアルミニウム等の金属を回収除去したものである。このように前処理された廃棄物には、コンクリート片、石、小石、砂等の不燃物が多く含まれ、これに木片、プラスチック片、紙片等の可燃物が少量混在している。なお、細長の棒状木片等は、篩目の寸法よりも長くても篩目を通過するので、１００〜２００ｍｍ程度の長さのものも混在する。
【００２４】
前記供給口１２からケーシング４に投入される上記廃棄物は、振動手段５で付与される振動により多孔板１上を排出口１３側へ移動する。このとき、小石や砂等の細かく比重の大きい不燃物は多孔板１の孔から下部室３に落下し、その底部の排出口１４から外部に排出される。
【００２５】
一方、残りのコンクリート片や石等の比較的サイズの大きい不燃物と、木片、プラスチック片、紙片等の可燃物とは、空気供給口６に供給されて多孔板１の孔から吹き上げる空気と、ケーシング４の振動とにより、比重の小さい可燃物が上層、比重の大きい不燃物が下層となるように２層に分離され、浮遊しやすい紙片等は手前側の吸引フード９ａへ吸引される。残った浮遊し難い木片やプラスチック片等の可燃物と、コンクリート片や石等のサイズの大きい塊状不燃物は、さらに排出口１３側へ移動し、吸引フード９ｂの真下の堰１５の前面側に塞き止められる。
【００２６】
図３に示すように、堰１５に塞き止められる可燃物には、前記篩目よりも小さい短小可燃物２７ａと棒状木片等の細長可燃物２７ｂとがあり、これらは比重の大きい塊状不燃物２８の上層側に溜まる。細長可燃物２７ｂは、移動してくるときの塊状不燃物２８等との衝突により、移動の際に、その長手方向が移動方向へ向けられやすい。
【００２７】
前述したように、堰１５の前面側は塊状不燃物２８等で塞がれた多孔板１の孔からの空気の吹き上げが弱く、堰１５の後面側では多孔板１から強く空気が吹き上げられるので、細長可燃物２７ｂは、その先端側の部分が堰１５の上端を乗り越えると、先端部分が強い空気の吹き上げを受け、さらに、直上の吸引フード９ｂからの吸引力も受けて、先端側が吸引フード９ｂの吸引口に近づくように浮き上がり、この浮き上がった先端側から吸引フード９ｂに吸引される。このように、堰１５の後面側だけに強い空気が吹き上がるので、細長可燃物２７ｂを確実に吸引できるとともに、空気供給口６への空気の供給量を少量にすることができる。なお、短小可燃物２７ａは比較的重量が軽いので、吸引フード９ｂの直下にきたときに、そのまま吸引フード９ｂに吸引される。
【００２８】
前記吸引フード９ｂに吸引された各可燃物２７ａ、２７ｂと、吸引フード９ａへ吸引された紙片等は、前記捕集機１０から外部に排出される。一方、前記塊状不燃物２８は、堰１５をオーバフローして排出口１３に入り、排出口１３から外部に排出される。なお、不燃物２８は少量ずつ堰１５をオーバフローするので、可燃物２７ａ、２７ｂがその下敷きになって、一緒にオーバフローする恐れは少ない。
【００２９】
図４は、第２の実施形態を示す。この選別装置は、基本的な構成は第１の実施形態と同じであり、吸引フード９ｂの下方の堰１５を、吸引フード９ｂの前端から、吸引フード９ｂの下端と堰１５の上端間の上下間隔に等しい距離だけ手前側の位置に設けた点のみが異なる。なお、この堰１５は垂直に形成されているので、その上端も吸引フード９ｂの前端から前記上下間隔に等しい距離だけ手前側に位置している。
【００３０】
この実施形態では、堰１５の上端を乗り越える細長可燃物２７ｂの先端側が、堰１５の後面側の多孔板１からの空気の吹き上げにより、概ね４５°の傾斜角度で浮き上がって吸引フード９ｂの吸引口に近づき、その吸引力により吸引フード９ｂに吸引される。
【００３１】
図５は、第３の実施形態を示す。この選別装置も基本的な構成は第１の実施形態と同じであり、吸引フード９ｂの直下の堰１５を、その上端が排出口１３側へ傾斜する傾斜堰１５ａとし、傾斜堰１５ａの後面側と多孔板１で連通する下部室３の上部を仕切って小空気室３ａを形成し、小空気室３ａに別の空気供給口６ａを設けた点のみが異なる。なお、空気供給口６ａは、下部室３に設けた各空気供給口６とは、別の流量調整弁７ａを介して送風機８に接続されている。
【００３２】
この実施形態では、傾斜堰１５ａの下方の多孔板１の孔から吹き上げる空気も、傾斜堰１５ａの後面側でその上端に導かれ、傾斜堰１５ａの後面側での空気吹き上げ量が増加する。さらに、小空気室３ａ側への流量調整弁７ａは、下部室３側への流量調整弁７よりも開度が大きく設定されているので、傾斜堰１５ａの後面側では、前面側よりも多孔板１の各孔から吹き上げる単位空気量も多くなる。
【００３３】
したがって、傾斜堰１５ａの上端を乗り越える前記細長可燃物２７ｂの先端側の浮き上がりがより大きくなり、細長可燃物２７ｂの吸引フード９ｂへの吸引効率を高めることができる。なお、小空気室３ａは、第１の実施形態のように、垂直な堰１５の場合も形成することができる。
【００３４】
また、傾斜堰１５ａは、第２の実施形態のように、吸引フード９ｂの前端から手前側の位置に設けることもでき、この場合は、その上端と吸引フード９ｂの前端との水平方向距離を、吸引フード９ｂの下端と堰１５ａの上端間の上下間隔以下の距離とすればよい。
【００３５】
上述した各実施形態では、排出口１３側の吸引フード９ｂの下方のみに堰１５または傾斜堰１５ａを設けたが、これらを供給口１２側の吸引フード９ａの下方にも設けてもよい。
【００３６】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、この発明の廃棄物の選別装置は、不燃物の排出口への堰の上方に吸引フードを配置し、この吸引フードに対する堰の上端の前後方向位置を、吸引フードの前端から、吸引フードの下端と堰の上端間の上下間隔に等しい距離だけ手前側の位置よりも後方で、吸引フードの後端位置よりも前方とし、この堰の後面側に上昇空気を送風するようにしたので、堰を乗り越えようとする浮遊し難い細長の可燃物の先端側を、堰の後面側の強い空気の吹き上げにより吸引フードの吸引口に近づけ、これらの浮遊し難い可燃物を確実に吸引フードに吸引して、不燃物と選別することができる。
【００３７】
また、前記堰をその上端が不燃物の排出口側へ傾斜する傾斜堰とすることにより、この傾斜堰の下方からの上昇空気も、傾斜堰の後面側でその上端に導き、堰の後面側での空気吹き上げ量を増加させて、細長の可燃物の先端側をより大きく浮き上がらせ、その吸引効率を高めることができる。
【００３８】
さらに、前記堰の後面側に上昇空気を送風する手段を、堰を多孔板の多孔部の途中に設け、この堰の後面側の多孔部から上昇空気を送風するものとすることにより、堰の後面側に上昇空気を送風するための別途の手段を不要とすることができ、この堰の後面側と多孔板の多孔部で連通する下部室の上部を小空気室に仕切り、この小空気室にも空気供給口を設けることにより、堰の後面側での空気吹き上げ量を前面側よりも多くするように調節して、細長の可燃物の先端側をより大きく浮き上がらせて、その吸引効率をさらに高めることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】第１の実施形態の廃棄物の選別装置を示す縦断面図
【図２】図１のII−II線に沿った断面図
【図３】図１の要部を拡大して示す縦断面図
【図４】第２の実施形態の廃棄物の選別装置の要部を拡大して示す縦断面図
【図５】第３の実施形態の廃棄物の選別装置を示す縦断面図
【図６】従来の廃棄物の選別装置を示す縦断面図
【符号の説明】
１多孔板
２上部室
３下部室
３ａ小空気室
４ケーシング
５振動手段
６、６ａ空気供給口
７、７ａ流量調節弁
８送風機
９ａ、９ｂ吸引フード
１０捕集機
１１排風機
１２供給口
１３、１４排出口
１５堰
１５ａ傾斜堰
１６ばね
１７基台
１８揺動レバー
１９コイルばね
２０クランク
２１モータ
２２レバー
２３梁
２４、２５蛇腹
２６空気配管
２７ａ、２７ｂ可燃物
２８不燃物[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an apparatus for sorting various types of waste mixed with combustible materials and incombustible materials.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When dissimilar materials such as construction waste and industrial waste are combined, or when processing waste containing large waste materials, in order to separate the combined dissimilar materials and make large waste materials fine, These wastes are crushed in advance using a crusher or the like, and further, these crushed wastes are sorted into combustible and incombustible materials by a sorting device. In addition, as for general waste, a mixture of combustible and incombustible materials is applied to a sorting device.
[0003]
An example of a waste sorting apparatus that sorts this kind of combustible material and non-combustible material is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-269737. As shown in FIG. 6, this waste sorting apparatus is divided into an upper chamber 52 and a lower chamber 53 by a perforated plate 51 and extends in the front-rear direction, and a vibration means 55 that vibrates the casing 54. A blower 57 for supplying air to an air supply port 56 provided in the lower chamber 53, and an exhauster 60 for sucking air from a suction hood 58 provided on the ceiling of the upper chamber 52 via a collector 59. A waste supply port 61 is provided on the front end side of the chamber 52, and sorted waste discharge ports 62 and 63 are provided on the rear end side of the upper chamber 52 and the bottom of the lower chamber 53, respectively. A weir 64 is provided on the porous plate 51 on the front side of the discharge port 62.
[0004]
Waste containing a mixture of combustible and incombustible materials introduced into the casing 54 from the supply port 61 moves on the perforated plate 51 toward the discharge port 62 due to vibration applied by the vibration means 55. At this time, fine incombustible materials such as pebbles and sand having a large specific gravity fall from the holes of the perforated plate 51 to the lower chamber 53. The remaining non-combustible material such as stones and combustible materials such as wood pieces, plastic pieces, and paper pieces are supplied to the air supply port 56 and blown from the holes of the perforated plate 51, and the vibration of the casing 54. Thus, the combustible material with a small specific gravity is separated into two layers so that the incombustible material with a large specific gravity becomes the lower layer.
[0005]
Fine incombustibles that have fallen into the lower chamber 53 are discharged from the discharge port 63 at the bottom, and the combustible material separated into the upper layer in the upper chamber 52 is sucked into the suction hood 58 on the ceiling, and is collected by the collector. Only the remaining non-combustible material having a large size overflows the weir 64 and is discharged from the discharge port 62.
[0006]
Some of the combustible materials do not float so much like a thick wooden piece or plastic piece and are difficult to be sucked into the suction hood 58. Further, it is said that the elongated bar-shaped piece of wood mixed with the building waste or the like is not only difficult to float but may fall from the hole of the perforated plate 51.
[0007]
In particular, the sorting device is configured so that the suction hood 58 is slit-shaped so that an elongated rod-shaped piece of wood can be reliably sucked into the suction hood 58, and the distance between the suction hood 58 and the perforated plate 51 can be adjusted. To increase.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, the conventional sorting apparatus separates the combustible material and the incombustible material into the upper and lower layers on the perforated plate, but avoids that a part of the combustible material becomes the underlay of the incombustible material. However, the combustible material underlying the incombustible material is not easily sucked even if the suction power of the suction hood is increased, and there is a problem that the sorting accuracy is deteriorated. In addition, if the suction force is increased too much, the proportion of non-combustible materials also sucked into the suction hood increases, and the sorting accuracy deteriorates, and there is a problem that facilities for supplying and discharging air become large.
[0009]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a waste sorting apparatus that can accurately sort combustibles that are difficult to float with a simple configuration.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention is provided in a box-shaped casing that is partitioned into an upper chamber and a lower chamber by a perforated plate and extends in the front-rear direction, vibration means for vibrating the entire casing, and the lower chamber. Means for supplying air to the air supply port, and means for sucking air from a suction hood provided on the ceiling of the upper chamber, and a waste supply port is provided on the front end side of the upper chamber. In the waste sorting apparatus in which a sorting waste outlet is provided on each of the rear end side and the bottom of the lower chamber, and a weir is provided on the porous plate on the near side of the upper chamber outlet, The suction hood is disposed above the weir, and the front-rear direction position of the upper end of the weir with respect to the suction hood is closer to the front end of the suction hood by a distance equal to the vertical distance between the lower end of the suction hood and the upper end of the weir. Behind the side position , And forward of the rear end position of the suction hood, and employs a configuration for blowing increased air into the rear side of the weir.
[0011]
The reason why the suction hood is arranged above the weir and the rising air is blown to the rear side of the weir is as follows.
[0012]
In other words, combustibles that are difficult to float over the weir without floating too much, the tip side part over the upper end of the weir is subjected to strong air blowing on the rear side of the weir, and the suction port of the suction hood It floats so that it approaches, and it is sucked by the suction hood from this lifted tip side. On the front side of the weir, non-combustible materials and combustible materials that have not dropped from the perforated plate are blocked to close the holes of the perforated plate, so that the air blown from the perforated plate is weak.
[0013]
A long and narrow combustible material such as a stick-shaped piece of wood that moves on the perforated plate repeatedly collides with another waste piece that also moves to the discharge port side, and its longitudinal direction is directed in the direction of movement. It is easy to lift the tip side by blowing up the air, approach the suction port of the suction hood, and reliably suck into the suction hood.
[0014]
In addition, the front-rear direction position of the upper end of the weir relative to the suction hood is equal to the vertical distance between the lower end of the suction hood and the upper end of the weir not only directly below the front end of the suction hood but also to the front side of the suction hood. Since the slanted combustible that the tip side of the tip is lifted by blowing air is inclined at an angle of about 45 °, the upper end position of the weir is the lower end of the suction hood on the front side of the suction hood. This is because the leading end side of the floated elongated combustible material comes directly under the suction hood as long as the distance is equal to the vertical distance between the upper ends of the weirs.
[0015]
By setting the front-rear direction position of the upper end of the weir with respect to the suction hood behind the front end position of the suction hood, the suction force of the suction hood is increased directly below the suction hood, so the dam is on the front side of the suction hood. The slanted combustible has an inclination angle larger than that of the case, and the tip side approaches the suction port of the suction hood and is efficiently sucked into the suction hood.
[0016]
By making the weir an inclined weir whose upper end is inclined toward the discharge port side of the upper chamber, the rising air from below the inclined weir is also guided to the upper end on the rear surface side of the inclined weir, and the rear surface side of the weir By increasing the amount of air blown up, the tip side of the elongated combustible material can be raised more greatly, and its suction efficiency can be increased.
[0017]
The rear surface of the weir is provided by means for blowing the rising air to the rear surface side of the weir, the weir is provided in the middle of the porous portion of the perforated plate, and the rising air is blown from the porous portion on the rear surface side of the weir. A separate means for blowing the rising air to the side can be eliminated.
[0018]
By dividing the upper surface of the lower chamber communicating with the rear surface side of the weir and the porous portion of the perforated plate into a small air chamber, and providing the air supply port also in this small air chamber, the amount of air blown up on the rear surface side of the weir Can be adjusted to be larger than the front side of the weir, and the tip side of the elongated combustible can be raised more greatly.
[0019]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 show a first embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the waste sorting apparatus is divided into an upper chamber 2 and a lower chamber 3 by a generally horizontal perforated plate 1 and vibrates a box-shaped casing 4 extending in the front-rear direction and the casing 4. The vibration means 5 to be used, the blower 8 for supplying air to each air supply port 6 provided in the lower chamber 3 via the flow rate adjusting valve 7, and the two suction hoods 9 a and 9 b provided on the ceiling of the upper chamber 2. A wind exhaust device 11 for sucking air through the collector 10, a waste supply port 12 is provided on the front end side of the upper chamber 2, and the rear end side of the upper chamber 2 and the bottom portion of the lower chamber 3 are respectively provided. Disposed waste outlets 13 and 14 are provided, and a weir 15 is provided in the middle of the porous portion of the perforated plate 1 immediately below the suction hood 9b on the outlet 13 side.
[0020]
The casing 4 is supported by an inclined rocking lever 18 attached to a base 17 placed on a base via a spring 16 and a compression coil spring 19 attached in an orthogonal direction to the rocking lever 18. ing.
[0021]
The vibration means 5 includes a crank 20 having a rotating shaft supported by a base 17, a motor 21 that drives a belt of the rotating shaft of the crank 20, and a pair of left and right levers 22 that connect both sides of the crank 20 and the casing 4. The casing 4 supported by the rocking lever 18 and the coil spring 19 is vibrated obliquely in the vertical direction.
[0022]
The suction hoods 9a and 9b are suspended from a fixed beam 23, and the bellows 24 keeps the airtightness between the suction hoods 9a and 9b. Each air supply port 6 provided in the lower chamber 3 is also connected to an air pipe 26 by a bellows 25.
[0023]
This sorter mainly sorts building waste, and the waste thrown in from the supply port 12 passes through a small waste material from which large waste material is separated and removed by a crusher of about 30 to 50 mm. It is crushed to a size to be recovered, and a metal such as iron or aluminum is recovered and removed from the crushed material using a magnetic separator or a non-ferrous metal separator. The waste pretreated in this way contains a lot of non-combustible materials such as concrete pieces, stones, pebbles, and sand, and a small amount of combustible materials such as wood pieces, plastic pieces, and paper pieces are mixed therein. In addition, since an elongate rod-shaped piece of wood passes a mesh even if it is longer than the size of a mesh, the thing of the length of about 100-200 mm is mixed.
[0024]
The waste introduced into the casing 4 from the supply port 12 moves on the perforated plate 1 to the discharge port 13 side by the vibration applied by the vibration means 5. At this time, incombustibles such as pebbles and sand, which are fine and have a high specific gravity, fall into the lower chamber 3 from the holes of the perforated plate 1 and are discharged to the outside from the discharge port 14 at the bottom.
[0025]
On the other hand, the remaining non-combustible material such as concrete pieces and stones and combustible materials such as wood pieces, plastic pieces and paper pieces are supplied to the air supply port 6 and blown up from the holes of the perforated plate 1; Due to the vibration of the casing 4, the combustible material having a small specific gravity is separated into two layers so that the incombustible material having a large specific gravity is the upper layer and the incombustible material having a large specific gravity is the lower layer, and a piece of paper that tends to float is sucked into the suction hood 9 a on the near side. The remaining flammable materials such as wooden pieces and plastic pieces that are difficult to float and large incombustible materials such as concrete pieces and stones move further to the discharge port 13 side to the front side of the weir 15 just below the suction hood 9b. Can be blocked.
[0026]
As shown in FIG. 3, the combustible material blocked by the weir 15 includes a short combustible material 27 a smaller than the sieve mesh and an elongated combustible material 27 b such as a rod-shaped piece of wood. These are massive incombustible materials having a large specific gravity. It accumulates on the upper layer side of 28. The elongate combustible material 27b is likely to have its longitudinal direction directed in the moving direction during movement due to a collision with the massive incombustible material 28 or the like when moving.
[0027]
As described above, since the front side of the weir 15 is weakly blown from the holes of the perforated plate 1 closed with the massive incombustible material 28 or the like, the air is strongly blown from the perforated plate 1 on the rear side of the weir 15. The elongate combustible material 27b, when the tip end portion thereof passes over the upper end of the weir 15, the tip end portion receives strong air blowing, and also receives the suction force from the suction hood 9b directly above, and the tip end side receives the suction hood 9b. It floats so that it may approach the suction port of this, and is attracted | sucked by the suction hood 9b from this lifted front end side. Thus, since strong air blows up only on the rear side of the weir 15, the elongated combustible material 27b can be reliably sucked and the amount of air supplied to the air supply port 6 can be reduced. In addition, since the short and small combustible material 27a is comparatively light in weight, when it comes directly under the suction hood 9b, it is sucked into the suction hood 9b as it is.
[0028]
Each combustible material 27a, 27b sucked into the suction hood 9b, a piece of paper sucked into the suction hood 9a, and the like are discharged from the collector 10 to the outside. On the other hand, the massive incombustible material 28 overflows the weir 15, enters the discharge port 13, and is discharged to the outside from the discharge port 13. Since the incombustible material 28 overflows the weir 15 little by little, there is little possibility that the combustible materials 27a and 27b become an underlay and overflow together.
[0029]
FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment. This sorting apparatus has the same basic configuration as that of the first embodiment. The weir 15 below the suction hood 9b is moved up and down between the front end of the suction hood 9b and the lower end of the suction hood 9b and the upper end of the weir 15. Only the point provided at the front side position by a distance equal to the interval is different. Since the weir 15 is formed vertically, the upper end thereof is also located on the near side from the front end of the suction hood 9b by a distance equal to the vertical distance.
[0030]
In this embodiment, the front end side of the elongated combustible material 27b that climbs over the upper end of the weir 15 is lifted at an inclined angle of approximately 45 ° by blowing air from the perforated plate 1 on the rear surface side of the weir 15, and the suction port of the suction hood 9b. And is sucked into the suction hood 9b by the suction force.
[0031]
FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment. The basic structure of this sorting apparatus is the same as that of the first embodiment. The weir 15 immediately below the suction hood 9b is an inclined weir 15a whose upper end is inclined toward the discharge port 13, and the rear surface side of the inclined weir 15a. The only difference is that the upper part of the lower chamber 3 communicating with the perforated plate 1 is partitioned to form a small air chamber 3a, and another air supply port 6a is provided in the small air chamber 3a. The air supply port 6a is connected to the blower 8 via a flow rate adjusting valve 7a different from each air supply port 6 provided in the lower chamber 3.
[0032]
In this embodiment, the air blown up from the hole of the perforated plate 1 below the inclined weir 15a is also guided to the upper end on the rear surface side of the inclined weir 15a, and the amount of air blown up on the rear surface side of the inclined weir 15a increases. Furthermore, since the opening degree of the flow rate adjusting valve 7a to the small air chamber 3a is set larger than that of the flow rate adjusting valve 7 to the lower chamber 3 side, the rear surface side of the inclined weir 15a is more porous than the front surface side. The amount of unit air blown from each hole of the plate 1 also increases.
[0033]
Therefore, the lift of the elongated combustible material 27b over the upper end of the inclined weir 15a becomes larger, and the suction efficiency of the elongated combustible material 27b to the suction hood 9b can be increased. The small air chamber 3a can also be formed in the case of the vertical weir 15 as in the first embodiment.
[0034]
The inclined weir 15a can also be provided at a position on the near side from the front end of the suction hood 9b as in the second embodiment. In this case, the horizontal distance between the upper end of the suction hood 15a and the front end of the suction hood 9b is set. The distance between the lower end of the suction hood 9b and the upper end of the weir 15a may be equal to or less than the vertical distance.
[0035]
In each of the above-described embodiments, the weir 15 or the inclined weir 15a is provided only below the suction hood 9b on the discharge port 13 side. However, these may also be provided below the suction hood 9a on the supply port 12 side.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the waste sorting apparatus of the present invention has the suction hood disposed above the weir to the incombustible discharge port, and the front-rear direction position of the upper end of the weir relative to the suction hood is determined from the front end of the suction hood. Ascending air is blown to the rear side of this weir, with a distance equal to the vertical distance between the lower end of the suction hood and the upper end of the weir being behind the front side position and ahead of the rear end position of the suction hood. Therefore, the tip side of the slender combustible material that is difficult to float over the weir is brought close to the suction port of the suction hood by blowing strong air on the rear surface side of the weir, and the combustible material that is difficult to float is reliably sucked. It can be sucked into a hood and separated from non-combustible materials.
[0037]
Further, by making the weir an inclined weir whose upper end is inclined toward the incombustible discharge port side, the rising air from below the inclined weir is also led to the upper end on the rear side of the inclined weir, and the rear side of the weir By increasing the amount of air blown up, the tip side of the elongated combustible material can be lifted more greatly, and its suction efficiency can be increased.
[0038]
Furthermore, a means for blowing up the rising air to the rear surface side of the weir is provided in the middle of the porous portion of the perforated plate, and the rising air is blown from the porous portion on the rear surface side of the weir. A separate means for blowing the rising air to the rear surface side can be eliminated, and the upper portion of the lower chamber communicating with the rear surface side of the weir and the porous portion of the porous plate is divided into small air chambers. In addition, by providing an air supply port, the amount of air blown up on the rear side of the weir is adjusted to be larger than that on the front side, and the tip side of the slender combustible material is lifted up more, and its suction efficiency is increased. It can be further increased.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a waste sorting apparatus according to a first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. 1. FIG. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an enlarged main part of the waste sorting apparatus according to the second embodiment. Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the waste sorting apparatus according to the third embodiment. FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a conventional waste sorting apparatus.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Perforated plate 2 Upper chamber 3 Lower chamber 3a Small air chamber 4 Casing 5 Vibrating means 6, 6a Air supply port 7, 7a Flow control valve 8 Blower 9a, 9b Suction hood 10 Collector 11 Exhaust device 12 Supply port 13, 14 Discharge port 15 Weir 15a Inclined weir 16 Spring 17 Base 18 Swing lever 19 Coil spring 20 Crank 21 Motor 22 Lever 23 Beams 24 and 25 Bellows 26 Air piping 27a and 27b Combustible material 28 Non-combustible material

Claims

A box-shaped casing partitioned into an upper chamber and a lower chamber by a perforated plate and extending in the front-rear direction; vibration means for vibrating the entire casing; means for supplying air to an air supply port provided in the lower chamber; Means for sucking air from a suction hood provided on the ceiling of the chamber, provided with a waste supply port on the front end side of the upper chamber, and at the rear end side of the upper chamber and the bottom of the lower chamber, respectively In a waste sorting apparatus in which a sorting waste outlet is provided, and a weir is provided on the perforated plate on the front side of the upper chamber outlet, the suction hood is disposed above the weir. The front-rear direction position of the upper end of the weir relative to the suction hood is rearward of a position away from the front end position of the suction hood forward by a distance equal to the vertical distance between the lower end of the suction hood and the upper end of the weir. Before rear end position As a, provided weir in the middle of the porous portion of the perforated plate, sorting of waste, characterized in that so as to blow the ascending air in the rear side of the dam from the perforated portion of the rear surface side of the weir apparatus.

The waste sorting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a front-rear direction position of an upper end of the weir with respect to the suction hood is set behind a front end position of the suction hood.

The waste sorting apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the weir is an inclined weir whose upper end is inclined toward the discharge port side of the upper chamber.

Partition the upper portion of the lower chamber communicating with the porous portion of the perforated plate and the rear side of the weir to the small air chamber, according to any one of claims 1 to 3 provided with the air supply opening to the small air chamber Waste sorting equipment.