JP2612774B2 - Waste plastic processing method and processing equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention treats waste plastics such as hard waste plastics, soft waste plastics, and waste plastics containing metals into solid fuels or into landfillable shapes. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for treating waste plastic.

"Prior art" Conventionally, when processing waste plastic, before processing, it is a mix of large and small molded products, curable substances, softening substances, film systems, etc., so use equipment such as crushing, cutting, pulverizing etc. Then, the particles are adjusted and then processed.

"Problems to be solved by the present invention" Conventional waste plastic processing uses equipment such as crushing, cutting, and pulverizing waste plastic as pretreatment, and thus requires a huge amount of energy such as electric power for the work. In addition, the cost is increased, and vibration, noise, dust, etc. are generated, and the working environment is very poor.

In view of the above-mentioned conventional drawbacks, the present invention does not require pretreatment such as crushing, cutting, and crushing of waste plastic, and can be easily softened and dissolved to produce a solid fuel that does not generate hydrogen chloride. An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for treating plastic.

Further, the present invention provides a method and an apparatus for treating waste plastic, which can be easily separated into metal parts and molten plastic from waste plastics containing metal parts such as disposable cameras, so that metal parts can be reused. It is intended to be.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a waste plastic processing method and a waste plastic processing method capable of melting waste plastic until it becomes a mineral-saturated state such as waste oil and forming it into a predetermined landfillable shape. I have.

"Means for Solving the Problems" In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a vegetable oil heating step of heating vegetable oil stored in a pot or the like to 110 ° C to 180 ° C, and a vegetable oil heating step. A waste plastic loading step of loading a waste plastic containing a metal material such as a disposable camera in which a metal part is covered with a synthetic resin material in a vegetable oil heated to 110 ° C. to 180 ° C. The vegetable oil heated and melted by the agitation is separated into a metal that drops by stirring and a plastic that floats above the vegetable oil and a molten plastic that floats above the vegetable oil. A predetermined amount of soft waste plastic and a predetermined amount of a catalyst such as calcium hydroxide are added and supplied, and the mixture is heated and kneaded to 220 ° C to 300 ° C,
The heating and kneading step of neutralizing and removing hydrogen chloride in the molten plastic into calcium chloride and the like, and the molding step of molding the heated and kneaded step into a predetermined solid fuel shape constitute a waste plastic processing method. I have.

Further, the present invention relates to a pot capable of storing vegetable oil, and a vegetable oil stored in the pot at 110 ° C to 180 ° C.
A heating device for heating the waste plastic into the vegetable oil heated to 110 ° C. to 180 ° C. in the pot, and a supply device for softening and dissolving the melted plastic that floats to the upper part to the heating chamber; A kneading screw provided in the heating chamber, a soft waste plastic supply device for supplying a predetermined amount of soft waste plastic to the heating chamber, and a catalyst supply device for supplying a predetermined amount of a catalyst such as calcium hydroxide to the heating chamber. And a heating device for heating the heating chamber to 220 ° C. to 300 ° C. or a separately provided heating chamber heating device, and a molding device for molding the kneaded material discharged from the kneading screw into a predetermined solid fuel shape. Together, they constitute a waste plastic treatment device.

[Operation] The waste plastic treatment device configured as described above puts waste plastic into vegetable oil heated to 110 ° C to 180 ° C, so that it does not generate hydrogen chloride gas. Softens and dissolves in time and floats.

A predetermined amount of soft waste plastic and a predetermined amount of a catalyst such as calcium hydroxide are added and supplied to the floated molten plastic, and the mixture is heated and kneaded at 220 ° C to 300 ° C to convert hydrogen chloride generated from the molten plastic into calcium chloride and the like. In addition to neutralization and removal, the content of vegetable oil contained in the dissolved plastic can be reduced by the soft waste plastic.

"Examples of the present invention" Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples shown in the drawings.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a temperature at which the vegetable oil 3 stored in the pot 2 or the like can be softened and melted quickly without any harmful gas generated by the heating device 4, optimally 110 ° C. to 180 ° C. In the vegetable oil heating step, the vegetable oil 3 used in the vegetable oil heating step 1 may be any vegetable oil, and in particular, waste oil such as tempura is preferably used from the viewpoint of cost reduction and pollution prevention.

Reference numeral 5 denotes a waste plastic charging step in which the waste plastic 6 is charged into the vegetable oil 3 heated to 110 ° C. to 180 ° C. by the vegetable oil heating device 1, and the waste plastic is charged into the heated vegetable oil 3. The waste plastic 6 is poured as it is without being crushed or cut because it softens and dissolves immediately after being charged.

Further, the waste plastic 6 may be any waste plastic such as a hard waste plastic or a soft waste plastic such as a film.

Reference numeral 7 indicates that the waste plastic 6 introduced into the vegetable oil 3 heated in the waste plastic introduction step 5 immediately softens and dissolves and floats up. A predetermined amount of soft waste plastic 9 and a predetermined amount of a catalyst 10 such as calcium hydroxide are added to and supplied to the plastic 8 so as to dissolve the molten plastic 8.
It is heated by a heating device 11 to a temperature at which the generation of gas such as hydrogen chloride and the like and kneading can be performed at a high rate, optimally 220 ° C. to 300 ° C., and is kneaded by kneading screws 12 and 12 to be generated from the molten plastic 8. In the heating and kneading step of neutralizing and removing hydrogen chloride into calcium chloride and the like, the soft waste plastic 9 added to the molten plastic 8 in the heating and kneading step 7 reduces the content of vegetable oil contained in the molten plastic 8 10 to 50% of soft plastic waste 9 of molten plastic 8
Supply.

Further, the catalyst 10 is used in an amount of several percent of the sum of the melted plastic 8 and the soft waste plastic as required.

Reference numeral 13 denotes a molding step of molding the material after the heating and kneading step 7 into a predetermined solid fuel shape by using the molding apparatus 14.

"Different Embodiments of the Present Invention" Next, different embodiments of the present invention shown in FIGS. 2 to 11 will be described. In the description of these embodiments, the same components as those of the embodiment of the present invention will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be omitted.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the main difference from the embodiment of the present invention is a waste plastic charging step 5A, and a disposable camera including a metal part 15 as the waste plastic 6A to be charged in the waste plastic charging step 5A. At the same time, the molten plastic 8 is stirred after the waste plastic charging step 5A, and the removing step 16 of removing the metal part 15 from the molten plastic 8 using the stirring device 29 is performed. A plastic processing method may be performed.

In this case, since the waste plastic 6A such as a disposable camera including the metal part 15 is heated only to 110 ° C. to 180 ° C., the metal part 15 can be collected in a reusable manner.

In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the main difference from the embodiment of the present invention is a heating and kneading step 7A, which is a point that a predetermined amount of the catalyst 10 is added to the molten plastic 8 and heated and kneaded. By using such a heating and kneading step 7A, a solid fuel 17 having a high content of the vegetable oil 3 can be produced.

The main difference between the embodiment of FIG. 4 and the embodiment of the present invention is that only waste plastic 6B which does not generate hydrogen chloride during combustion is introduced as waste plastic 6B to be introduced in waste plastic introduction step 5B, and heating is performed. Kneading process 7B
The waste plastics may be treated in this way, in that the process is performed without using a catalyst.

The main difference between the embodiment of FIG. 5 and the embodiment of the present invention is that the pot 2 contains a mineral oil 18 such as waste oil.
Mineral oil heating step of heating to 110 ° C to 180 ° C with heating device 4
19 and a waste plastic charging step 5C of charging the waste plastic 6 into the mineral oil 18 heated in the mineral oil heating step 19 until the mineral oil 18 is saturated. The waste plastic 6 is melted in 18 and a molding step 13A is performed in which the saturated mineral oil 18 is cooled and molded into a predetermined landfillable shape by the molding device 20. Plastics may be treated.

Although any mineral oil may be used as the mineral oil, the use of the waste oil makes it possible to reduce the cost and simultaneously treat the waste oil and the waste plastic.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 6 to 9, reference numeral 2 denotes a combustion chamber 21.
Is a pot that can store oil attached to the upper wall 23 of the case body 22 that forms
Cover body formed so that generated gas can be collected
A hopper 26 for covering waste plastic, which is covered with 24 and has an opening / closing door 25, is attached thereto.

4A is a burner as a heating device for heating the inside of the combustion chamber 21 such as gas or heavy oil.

27 is a part near the lower end of the pot 2
An opening / closing valve 28 that is opened and closed by an electromagnetic solenoid 28a or the like is attached to a distal end of the discharging passage protruding out of the case body 22 through 21.

Reference numeral 29 denotes a stirring device that also serves as a supply device having a stirring blade 30 attached to the cover body 24 so that the lower end portion is inserted into the oil level of the pot 2. The stirring device 29 that also serves as the supply device is The molten plastic 8 is agitated to remove the contained metal materials and metal parts. Since the molten plastic 8 is softened and melted, the stirring blade 30 is rotated at a low speed. And a speed reducer 32 for reducing the driving force from 31 and transmitting it to the stirring blade 30.

33 is a stirring blade 30 of a stirring device 29 which also serves as the supply device.
In the heating chamber for storing the melted plastic 8 sent out in the above, the inside of the heating chamber 33 is heated to 220 ° C. to 300 ° C. by the burner 4A as the heating device on the bottom surface of the heating chamber 33,
The kneading screws 12, 12 are attached so that the kneaded material can be discharged to the outside of the case body 22 through a discharge passage 34 having an opening / closing valve 34a opened and closed by an electromagnetic solenoid or the like.

A heating chamber cover 35 covers the upper portion of the heating chamber 33 so as to guide generated gas into the cover 24 of the pot 2. The heating chamber cover 35 includes a soft waste plastic 9 and calcium hydroxide. A hopper 37 having an opening / closing door 36 for charging the catalyst 10 into the heating chamber 33 is attached.

Reference numeral 38 denotes a soft waste plastic charging device for charging the soft waste plastic 9 into the hopper 37. The soft waste plastic charging device 38 is formed in a soft waste plastic storage container 39 and a portion of the storage container 39 near the hopper 37. And a blade 41 for extruding the soft waste plastic 9 in the storage container 39 attached to the storage container 39 on the opposite side of the input port 40 so as to be injected into the hopper 37 from the input port 40. And a hydraulic cylinder 42 for moving the blade 41.

Reference numeral 43 denotes a catalyst supply device for supplying the catalyst 10 to the hopper 37, and the catalyst supply device 43 includes a tank 44 in which the catalyst is stored.
And a catalyst supply pipe 46 having an on-off valve 45 for supplying the catalyst 10 from the tank 44 into the hopper 37.

47 is a gas supply passage for supplying gas generated in the heating chamber 33 and the pot 2 to the burner 4A.

48 heats the combustion chamber 21 and the heating chamber 33,
This discharge passage discharges exhaust gas to the outside.
Is provided with a wet scrubber flue gas treatment device 49.

This wet scrubber smoke exhaust treatment device 49
And a pump 53 for supplying a neutralizing agent 51 such as sodium hydroxide to the wet scrubber flue gas treatment device main body 50 from a neutralizing agent storage tank 52.
And a discharge path 56 that guides the treated liquid 55 from the wet scrubber flue gas treatment apparatus main body 50 into the neutralizing agent storage tank 52.

57 is the waste plastic 6 discharged from the discharge passage 27
Is a molding device that cools the mineral oil 18 that has been melted to a saturated state and forms it into a predetermined landfillable shape.

Reference numeral 14 denotes a molding device for molding the extruded material from the kneading screws 12, 12 through the discharge passage 34 into a solid fuel shape.

Reference numeral 58 denotes a temperature sensor for operating the burner 4A so that the oil in the pot 2 can be constantly set to a preset oil temperature of 110 ° C to 180 ° C.

The waste plastic processing apparatus having the above-described configuration stores the vegetable oil 3 in the pot 2 and heats the vegetable oil 3 to a preset temperature of 110 ° C to 180 ° C by a burner 4A as a heating device. .

Next, the open / close door 25 of the waste plastic 6 is put into the hopper 26, and the waste plastic 6 is put into the heated vegetable oil 3.

The waste plastic 6 introduced into the heated vegetable oil 3 is immediately softened and dissolved and floats on the oil surface.

The fragile molten plastic 8 floating on the oil surface is agitated by the agitating blades 30 of the agitating device 29, and the metal material, metal parts, etc., fall to the lower part due to their heavy specific gravity and are sorted out.

Dissolved plastic 8 floating on light oil surface with specific gravity
Is supplied into the heating chamber 33 by the stirring blade 30.

When the molten plastic 8 is supplied into the heating chamber 33, the soft waste plastic charging device 38 feeds 10 to 50% of the molten plastic 8 of the molten plastic 8 in a preset ratio by opening the open / close door 36 and the hopper. The catalyst is supplied from the catalyst supply device 43 to the heating chamber 33 from the catalyst supply device 43.
The amount of about 10% of the amount obtained by adding 10 to the molten plastic 8 and the soft waste plastic 9 is supplied from the hopper 37 to the heating chamber 33.
Supply within.

Thereafter, the kneading screws 12 and 12 are heated by the burner 4A as a heating device to heat the inside of the heating chamber 33 to 220 ° C. to 300 ° C., and the molten plastics 8 and the soft waste plastics 9 are driven by driving the kneading screws 12 and 12. And the catalyst 10 are kneaded.

At this time, hydrogen chloride generated from the dissolved plastic 8 and the soft waste plastic 9 reacts with the catalyst 10 and is neutralized and removed into calcium chloride or the like.

The fuel kneaded by the kneading screws 12 and from which the hydrogen chloride discharged from the discharge passage 34 has been removed is molded into a predetermined solid fuel shape by the molding device 14.

The gas generated in the pot 2 and the heating chamber 33 is supplied to the burner 4A through the gas supply passage 47, and the combustible gas is burned.

Exhaust gas is discharged to the outside through the discharge passage 48, and the hydrogen scrubber gas and the like is neutralized to calcium chloride and the like by a neutralizing agent and the like by a wet scrubber smoke exhaust treatment device 49 interposed in the discharge passage 48. Removed and discharged.

Next, in the same manner as described above, the waste plastic 6A including metal materials and metal parts such as a disposable camera is molded into a solid fuel or the like, and the metal material or metal dropped to the lower part of the pot 2 is dropped. Parts made from the pot 2 that can be collected and reused are reused.

When processing waste plastic 6B to be introduced into the pot 2 or soft waste plastic 9 to be introduced from the hopper 37 that does not generate hydrogen chloride, treatment may be performed without using a catalyst.

For this reason, a waste plastic processing apparatus without the catalyst supply device 43 may be manufactured and used.

In the case of processing waste plastic 6 containing no metal material, a waste plastic processing apparatus without a stirrer 29 may be manufactured and used.

Next, when the mineral oil 18 such as waste oil is stored and used in the pot 2 as shown in FIG. 9, the waste plastic 6 is put into the heated mineral oil 18 from the hopper 26 and melted. Then, the waste plastic 6 is charged until the mineral oil 18 is saturated.

When the waste plastic 6 is melted in the mineral oil 18 until it becomes saturated, the opening / closing valve 28 of the discharge passage 27 is opened and supplied to the molding device 57, which can be cooled to a predetermined landfill. Molded into shape.

For this reason, when the waste plastic 6 is to be processed exclusively using the mineral oil 18, the heating chamber 33, the soft waste plastic input device 38, the catalyst supply device 43, the kneading screws 12, 12 and the molding machine 57 are not used. May be manufactured and used.

The main difference between the embodiment of FIG. 10 and the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIGS. 6 to 9 is that only the catalyst supply device 43 is installed in the heating chamber 33. Waste plastic processing equipment may be used.

The main difference between the embodiment shown in FIG. 11 and the embodiment shown in FIGS. 6 to 9 is that the pot 2 and the kneading screw 1
Burner 4 as a heating device for heating 2 and 12, respectively
Since the A and 4B are installed, the waste plastic processing apparatus configured as described above may be used.

Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described with respect to the case where the soft waste plastic is charged into the heating chamber 33, the present invention is not limited to this, and low-calorie pulverized coal or peat may be charged as the filler. .

Also, the description has been given of a device using a burner as the heating device. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a heating device such as heavy oil or an electric heater may be used.

"Effects of the present invention" As is clear from the above description, the following effects can be obtained in the present invention.

(1) A vegetable oil heating step of heating vegetable oil stored in a pot or the like to 110 ° C. to 180 ° C .;
A waste plastic loading step of loading a waste plastic containing a metal material such as a disposable camera in which a metal part is covered with a synthetic resin material in a vegetable oil heated to ℃ to 180 ° C.
In the waste plastic charging step, the softened and melted vegetable oil is stirred and separated into metal that falls to the bottom and molten plastic that floats to the top of the vegetable oil, and the separated molten plastic is taken out. A predetermined amount of a soft waste plastic and a predetermined amount of a catalyst such as calcium hydroxide are added to the melted plastic and supplied at 220 ° C.
A heating and kneading step of heating and kneading to ~ 300 ° C to neutralize and remove hydrogen chloride in the molten plastic into calcium chloride and the like; and a molding step of molding the heated and kneaded step into a predetermined solid fuel shape. Therefore, do not process waste plastics like crushing, cutting, crushing, etc.
By pouring into a vegetable oil heated to -180 ° C, it can be softened and dissolved.

Therefore, pretreatment such as crushing, cutting, and crushing of the waste plastic is not required, so that the cost can be reduced and the working environment can be improved.

(2) According to the above (1), waste plastic can be molded into a solid fuel that does not generate harmful gas.

Therefore, waste plastics that have been conventionally treated at a high cost can be converted into a high calorie, marketable solid fuel.

(3) According to the above (1), by using vegetable oil and tempura waste oil, pollution can be prevented and treatment costs can be reduced, and the oil can be installed in stores such as industrial large to supermarkets. Even the smallest ones that can be manufactured can be easily manufactured.

(4) According to the above (1), it is not necessary to perform a technically difficult process, so that it can be easily implemented.

(5) Claims 2 to 5 have the same effects as the above (1) to (4).

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a process diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention, FIG.
FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 5, FIG. 6 to FIG. 9, FIG.
FIG. 11 is an explanatory view showing a different embodiment of the present invention. 1: vegetable oil heating device, 2: pot, 3: vegetable oil, 4: heating device, 5, 5A, 5B, 5C: waste plastic charging process, 6, 6A, 6B: waste plastic, 7, 7A, 7B : Heating kneading device, 8: Melting plastic, 9: Soft waste plastic, 10: Catalyst, 11: Heating device, 12: Kneading screw, 13: Molding process, 14: Molding device, 15: Metal parts, 16: Removal process , 17: Solid fuel, 18: Mineral oil, 19: Mineral oil heating device, 20: Molding device, 21: Combustion chamber, 22: Case body, 23: Top wall, 24: Cover body, 25: Opening / closing door , 26: hopper, 4A: burner, 27: discharge passage, 28: open / close valve, 29: stirring device, 30: stirring blade, 31: motor, 32: reduction gear, 33: heating chamber, 34: discharge passage, 35: Heating chamber cover, 36: open / close door, 37: hopper, 38: soft waste plastic charging device, 39: storage container, 40: charging port, 41: blade, 42: hydraulic cylinder, 43: catalyst supply device, 44: tank , 45: open / close valve, 46: touch Supply pipe, 47: Gas supply passage, 48: Discharge passage, 49: Wet scrubber flue gas treatment device, 50: Wet scrubber flue gas treatment device body, 51: Neutralizer, 52: Neutralizer storage tank, 53: Pump , 54: supply path, 55: treated liquid, 56: discharge path, 57: molding device, 58: temperature sensor.

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. The method according to claim 1, wherein the vegetable oil stored in a pot or the like is heated to
And a metal material such as a disposable camera in which metal parts are covered with a synthetic resin material in the vegetable oil heated to 110 ° C to 180 ° C in the vegetable oil heating step. A waste plastic charging step of charging the waste plastic containing, and a metal that is softened and dissolved by the vegetable oil heated by the waste plastic charging step and a metal that falls to the lower part and a molten plastic that floats on the upper part of the vegetable oil. The separated molten plastic is taken out, a predetermined amount of soft waste plastic and a predetermined amount of a catalyst such as calcium hydroxide are added and supplied to the molten plastic, and the mixture is heated and kneaded to 220 ° C to 300 ° C. A heating and kneading step of neutralizing and removing hydrogen chloride in calcium chloride and the like, and a molding step of molding the material after the heating and kneading step into a predetermined solid fuel shape. Method of processing waste plastic characterized by Mukoto. 2. A pot capable of storing vegetable oil, a heating device for heating the vegetable oil stored in the pot to 110.degree. C. to 180.degree. C., and heating in the pot to 110.degree. C. to 180.degree. A waste plastic is charged into the vegetable oil, and a supply device for supplying the molten plastic softened and dissolved and floated to the upper portion to the heating chamber, a kneading screw provided in the heating chamber, and a predetermined amount of A soft waste plastic supply device for supplying soft waste plastic, a catalyst supply device for supplying a predetermined amount of a catalyst such as calcium hydroxide into the heating chamber, and the heating device for heating the heating chamber to 220 ° C to 300 ° C or An apparatus for treating waste plastic, comprising: a heating chamber heating device provided separately; and a molding device for molding the kneaded material discharged from the kneading screw into a predetermined solid fuel shape. 3. A pot capable of storing vegetable oil, a heating device for heating the vegetable oil stored in the pot to 110 ° C. to 180 ° C., and heating to 110 ° C. to 180 ° C. in the pot. A sorting mechanism in which waste plastic is put into the extracted vegetable oil, softened and dissolved, and the melted plastic floated to the top is stirred to drop the metal material attached to the melted plastic, and the metal material is separated by the sorting mechanism. A supply device for supplying the molten plastic from which the melted plastic has been removed to the heating chamber; a kneading screw provided in the heating chamber; a soft waste plastic supply device for supplying a predetermined amount of soft waste plastic to the heating chamber; A catalyst supply device for supplying a predetermined amount of a catalyst such as calcium hydroxide; and
The heating device or a heating chamber heating device provided separately, and a molding device for molding the kneaded material discharged from the kneading screw into a predetermined solid fuel shape. Processing equipment. 4. A pot capable of storing vegetable oil, a heating device for heating the vegetable oil stored in the pot to 110.degree. C. to 180.degree. C., and heating in the pot to 110.degree. C. to 180.degree. A waste plastic is charged into the vegetable oil, and a supply device for supplying the molten plastic softened and dissolved and floated to the upper portion to the heating chamber, a kneading screw provided in the heating chamber, and a predetermined amount of A catalyst supply device for supplying a catalyst such as calcium hydroxide; and
The heating device or a heating chamber heating device provided separately, and a molding device for molding the kneaded material discharged from the kneading screw into a predetermined solid fuel shape. Processing equipment. 5. A pot capable of storing vegetable oil, a heating device for heating the vegetable oil stored in the pot to 110 ° C. to 180 ° C., and heating to 110 ° C. to 180 ° C. in the pot. A waste plastic is charged into the vegetable oil, and a supply device for supplying the molten plastic softened and dissolved and floated to the upper portion to the heating chamber, a kneading screw provided in the heating chamber, and a predetermined amount of A soft waste plastic supply device for supplying soft waste plastic;
The heating device or a separately provided heating chamber heating device for heating to a temperature of 300 ° C. to 300 ° C., and a molding device for molding the kneaded material discharged from the kneading screw into a predetermined solid fuel shape. Waste plastic processing equipment.