JPH0860168A - Device for molding solid fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To safely and readily carry out the operation of a molding machine capable of producing a high-quality solid fuel without producing a hydrogen chloride gas during combustion in a solid fuel forming device for making a solid fuel by mixing a combustible waste with a waste plastic. CONSTITUTION: This solid fuel molding device is equipped with a preheating and reacting machine A which is provided with a feed opening 1b for a waste plastic P, a melting and blending chamber 1a and a discharge hole 1c, melts/ mixes and dechlorinates the waste plastic P thrown-in the melting and mixing chamber 1a and discharges the resultant substance from the discharge hole 1c and with a molding machine B which is equipped with a waste feed opening 7b of a combustible waste W except the waste plastic P, a molding chamber 7a communicating with the discharge hole 1c of the preheating and reacting chamber A and a die 7c for making the combustible waste W in the molding chamber 7a into a fixed shape and discharging, stirs and mixes the combustible waste W thrown-in from the waste feed opening 7b with the melted waste plastic P pushed in from the discharge hole 1c of the preheating and reacting machine A into the molding chamber 7a, simultaneously pressurizes and extrudes from the die 7c.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solid fuel molding apparatus for producing solid fuel by mixing waste plastic with combustible waste such as combustible waste and paper scraps.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, combustible wastes such as combustible wastes which have been separately collected or sorted out to remove incombustibles are usually incinerated and then landfilled. However, in order to protect the global environment and effectively use resources,
It is preferred to recycle the waste. Therefore, it has been proposed in the past to utilize combustible waste as a raw material for solid fuel, and it has already been put to practical use. That is, the dried combustible waste is pressure-molded by a molding machine to obtain a solid fuel. Usually, this molding machine has a structure in which combustible waste is pressurized with a screw or the like and extruded from a die to produce a solid fuel having a predetermined shape.

By the way, in combustible waste as a raw material,
When the waste plastic is contained, the waste plastic is melted and molded by frictional heat generated in the molding machine or a heater installed in the molding machine. When waste plastics are contained in the combustible waste, the waste plastics serve as a binder that binds combustible dust and paper scraps to facilitate molding, and the amount of heat generated increases, resulting in high quality and commercial value. It is possible to produce a solid fuel having a high temperature. Further, when waste plastic is mixed into combustible waste, waste plastic can be treated at the same time, which is extremely convenient.

[0004]

However, when solid fuel is produced by mixing waste plastic with combustible waste, the following problems occur. Since vinyl chloride mixed in the waste plastic contains a large amount of chlorine, when the produced solid fuel is burned, hydrogen chloride gas is generated, which causes pollution such as a foul odor. In addition, when burning solid fuel, there is a risk of corroding the combustion device, which is a serious problem as an industrial fuel used in large quantities. However, the amount of vinyl chloride mixed in the waste plastic is not constant, and the amount of hydrogen chloride gas generated fluctuates greatly, which makes exhaust gas treatment difficult. In addition, in order to solve the problem of hydrogen chloride, solid fuel may be produced without mixing waste plastic, but in this case, it is necessary to mix lime or the like as a binder, which is a resource saving factor. It is a waste of money. Many waste plastics in a container form have waste such as sauce, mayonnaise, juice, etc., and may contain water and rainwater mixed in during the collection process. When such water enters the molding machine together with the waste plastic, the temperature of the waste plastic cannot be raised sufficiently, the waste plastic cannot be melted and solidified sufficiently, and stable molding becomes difficult. Further, the water content mixed in the waste plastic is evaporated in the molding machine and becomes steam, which is blown out from the die, but this steam is extremely dangerous because of its high pressure. Since the melting temperature of waste plastic varies depending on the type, the molding temperature varies depending on the type of waste plastic mixed in, which makes it difficult to operate the molding machine. If the combustible waste and the waste plastic are not uniformly mixed, molding becomes unstable. In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to artificially adjust the amount of raw material supplied to the molding machine or to operate the molding machine while adjusting the heating temperature of the heater so that a stable molded product can be obtained. Is the current situation. However, in this case, it becomes difficult to operate the molding machine and
When the amount of waste plastic mixed is 20% or less, stable solid fuel cannot be obtained.

The present invention was created in order to solve the above problems, and its purpose is to produce a high quality solid fuel without generating hydrogen chloride gas at the time of combustion. (EN) It is possible to provide a solid fuel molding apparatus which enables safe and easy operation of a molding machine.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, the solid fuel molding apparatus of the present invention is equipped with a waste plastic charging port, a waste plastic melting and mixing chamber, and a molten waste plastic discharging port, respectively. A preheating reactor that melts and mixes and dechlorinates waste plastic that has been injected into the melting and mixing chamber from the mouth and discharges it from the discharge port, and a waste injection port for preheated dry combustible waste other than waste plastic, and preheating A molding chamber connected to the discharge port of the reactor and a die for discharging the combustible waste in the molding chamber into a predetermined shape are respectively provided, and the combustible waste charged from the waste charging port is supplied to the preheating reactor. The molding machine is equipped with a molding machine for extruding from the die while stirring and mixing the molten waste plastic pushed into the molding chamber from the discharge port.

[0007]

[Function] The waste plastic charged into the melting and mixing chamber from the charging port of the preheating reactor is gradually transferred to the discharging port side while being stirred by the paddle screw, and is stirred and
During the transfer, the heater is heated to a temperature higher than the melting temperature and melted. Since the waste plastics are agitated and mixed in a molten state, even if various kinds of waste plastics are added, the waste plastics are uniformly mixed and become homogeneous plastics. Then, after the waste plastic is heated to 250 ° C. or higher, it is retained in the melting and mixing chamber for 30 minutes or more while being stirred, and the vinyl chloride contained in the waste plastic is thermally decomposed to release hydrogen chloride gas, resulting in the waste plastic. Most of the chlorine content is removed.
Further, the water contained in the waste plastic is also vaporized into water vapor. The hydrogen chloride gas and the like generated in the melting and mixing chamber are removed by the cleaning device. The molten waste plastic melted / mixed and dechlorinated by the preheating reactor is pushed into the molding chamber of the molding machine from the outlet by the screw conveyor. The molten waste plastic pushed into the forming chamber is uniformly stirred and mixed with combustible waste other than the waste plastic introduced into the forming chamber from the waste input port by the agitating blade of the agitation pressurizing transfer mechanism, and then to the die side. Be transferred. At this time, since the combustible waste and the waste plastic are stirred and mixed by the stirring blade, even when the amount of the waste plastic mixed is small, both can be mixed uniformly. Then, the combustible waste and the waste plastic that have been uniformly mixed are continuously pushed to the die side by the screw blades of the stirring pressure transfer mechanism, and are extruded in a compressed state from the small diameter hole of the die. As a result, a solid fuel having a predetermined shape can be obtained.
At the time of pressure molding, gas and steam in the waste plastic have already been removed by the preheating reactor, so high-pressure gas and steam will not be ejected from the die of the molding machine, and the operation of the molding machine will be safe. You can do it. The solid fuel thus obtained does not generate hydrogen chloride during combustion because waste plastic is dechlorinated in advance at the stage of raw material, and may cause pollution such as bad smell and corrosion of combustion equipment. No, there is a wide range of applications. In addition, since waste plastic is mixed in the combustible waste, the amount of heat generated is high, which results in high quality and high commercial value.

[0008]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a solid fuel molding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
A preheating reactor A for melting / mixing and dechlorinating the waste plastic P, and a molding machine B for stirring / mixing the combustible waste W and the waste plastic P treated by the preheating reactor A to perform pressure molding. It consists of

That is, the preheating reactor A is the reactor body 1
It is equipped with a heater 2, an agitating / transferring mechanism 3, a blower 4, a cleaning device 5 and a screw conveyor 6, and melts / mixes and dechlorinates various waste plastics P to the molding machine B. It is something to send.

Specifically, the reactor main body 1 is formed in a box shape, has a melt mixing chamber 1a for the waste plastic P therein, and has a waste plastic communicating with the melt mixing chamber 1a at one end upper wall. An inlet 1b for P and an outlet 1c for the molten waste plastic P communicating with the melting and mixing chamber 1a are provided on the bottom wall (or side wall) of the other end.

The heater 2 is provided on the bottom wall and the side wall of the reactor body 1, and the melting and mixing chamber 1 is fed from the charging port 1b.
Various waste plastics P put into a are heated and melted at a temperature at which chlorine can be removed from the waste plastics P. In this embodiment, an electric heater, a steam heater, a heat medium heater, or the like is used as the heater 2, and the inside of the melting and mixing chamber 1a can be heated to 250 ° C. or higher.

The stirring and transferring mechanism 3 is provided in the reactor main body 1 and gradually transfers the waste plastic P in the melting and mixing chamber 1a from the charging port 1b side to the discharging port 1c side while stirring and mixing. is there. In this embodiment, a paddle screw conveyor 6 is used for the stirring and transferring mechanism 3, and the paddle screw conveyor 6 includes a pair of paddle screws 3a arranged in parallel to the bottom of the melt mixing chamber 1a and a paddle screw. The screw 3a includes a driving device 3b such as a motor that rotationally drives the waste plastic P so that the waste plastic P is transferred from the input port 1b side to the discharge port 1c side.

The cleaning device 5 is connected to the reactor main body 1 through a pipe and a blower 4, and is adapted to remove hydrogen chloride gas generated in the melting and mixing chamber 1a with alkaline water. That is, the hydrogen chloride gas or water vapor in the melting and mixing chamber 1a sucked by the blower 4 is sent into the cleaning device 5, is cleaned with alkaline water in the cleaning device 5, and after absorbing the hydrogen chloride gas, It is designed to be released into the atmosphere.

The screw conveyor 6 is provided in the reactor main body 1 and pushes the molten waste plastic P in the melting and mixing chamber 1a into the molding chamber 7a of the molding machine B described later from the outlet 1c. This screw conveyor 6
A case 6a for connecting the discharge port 1c of the reactor main body 1 and the molding chamber 7a of the molding machine B in a communicating state, a screw 6b rotatably arranged in the case 6a, and a screw 6b for melting waste plastic P A drive device 6 such as a motor that is rotationally driven so as to be transferred from the discharge port 1c side into the molding chamber 7a.
It consists of c and.

On the other hand, the molding machine B comprises a molding machine body 7 and an agitation pressure transfer mechanism 8, and the waste plastic P
Combustible wastes W such as combustible waste and paper scraps and waste plastic P treated by the preheating reactor A are stirred and mixed to perform pressure molding.

Specifically, the molding machine main body 7 is formed in a box shape, has a molding chamber 7a for combustible waste W and waste plastic P inside, and has a molding chamber 7a at the upper wall at one end. Waste input port 7b for communicating combustible waste W
And a die 7c for discharging the combustible waste W and the waste plastic P in the molding chamber 7a into a predetermined shape at the other end.
And have respectively. The die 7c is formed of a thick rectangular plate, and has a plurality of circular small-diameter holes 7c penetrating in the thickness direction thereof at a substantially central portion thereof. The thickness of the die 7c and the inner diameter and shape of the small diameter hole 7c are set on condition that a rod-shaped compression molded product (solid fuel) is obtained. Also, the number and arrangement of the small diameter holes 7c are arbitrarily set according to the cross-sectional shape of the molding chamber 7a and the like. In FIG. 1, 7d is a liner provided in the molding chamber 7a.

The stirring pressure transfer mechanism 8 is provided in the molding machine main body 7, and the combustible waste W containing no waste plastic P and the waste plastic P processed by the preheating reactor A are disposed.
While being stirred and mixed, and are transferred from the waste input port 7b side to the die 7c side and pressurized. In this embodiment,
The stirring / pressurizing transfer mechanism 8 is attached to a pair of rotary shafts 8a rotatably disposed in the molding chamber 7a of the molding machine body 7 and a rotary shaft 8a portion on the waste input port 7b side. Agitating blade 8b for transferring the combustible waste introduced from 7b to the die 7c side while agitating and mixing with the molten waste plastic P pushed into the molding chamber 7a from the outlet 1c of the preheating reactor A; A screw blade 8c that is attached to the rotating shaft 8a on the 7c side and pressurizes the combustible waste that is agitated and mixed with the waste plastic P and pushes it out from the die 7c.
And a gear device 8d that is interlockingly connected to the rotary shaft 8a, and a gear device 8d that is interlockingly connected to the rotary shaft 8a via the gear device 8d.
and a drive device 8e such as a motor for rotating and driving a so that the combustible waste W or the like is transferred from the waste input port 7b side to the die 7c side.

Next, the case of producing a solid fuel from combustible waste W and waste plastic P using the solid fuel molding apparatus will be described.

Of the solid fuel raw materials, waste plastic P
Is supplied to the preheating reactor A, and combustible waste W containing no waste plastic P, such as combustible waste and paper scraps, is dried and then supplied to the molding machine B.

The various waste plastics P charged into the melt mixing chamber 1a from the charging port 1b of the preheating reactor A are gradually stirred while being stirred by the paddle screw 3a.
While being transferred to the c side, it is heated to a melting temperature or higher by the heater 2 during the stirring and transferring and melted. in this way,
Since the waste plastic P is agitated in a molten state, even if various waste plastics P are put into the melting and mixing chamber 1a, they are uniformly mixed and become a homogeneous plastic, which facilitates subsequent molding.

When the chlorine content in the waste plastic is to be removed, the waste plastic P is heated to 250 ° C. or higher and then retained in the melting and mixing chamber 1a for 30 minutes or more with stirring. Then, the vinyl chloride mixed in the waste plastic P is thermally decomposed to release hydrogen chloride gas, and most of the chlorine content in the waste plastic P is removed. Further, the water contained in the waste plastic P in a container is also vaporized into water vapor.

Hydrogen chloride gas and water vapor generated in the melting and mixing chamber 1a are sucked by the blower 4, cleaned with alkaline water in the cleaning device 5 to remove the hydrogen chloride gas, and then released into the atmosphere. .

The molten waste plastic P melted, mixed and dechlorinated in this way is pushed from the discharge port 1c into the molding chamber 7a of the molding machine B (the vicinity of the waste input port 7b) by the screw conveyor 6. Be done.

The molten waste plastic P pushed into the molding chamber 7a is scraped off by the stirring blade 8b of the stirring / pressurizing transfer mechanism 8 and introduced into the molding chamber 7a from the waste introduction port 7b of the molding machine B. The combustible waste W other than the waste plastic P is transferred to the die 7c side while being uniformly stirred and mixed. At this time, since the combustible waste W and the waste plastic P are stirred and mixed by the stirring blade 8b, even if the amount of the waste plastic P mixed is small,
Both can be mixed uniformly. As a result, a homogeneous molded product can be obtained.

Then, the combustible waste W mixed uniformly
Then, the waste plastic P is continuously pushed to the die 7c side by the screw blade 8c of the stirring / pressurizing transfer mechanism 8, is pressed into the small diameter hole 7c of the die 7c while being compressed, and is extruded from the small diameter hole 7c. As a result, a rod-shaped solid fuel is obtained. Since the gas and water vapor contained in the waste plastic P have already been removed by the preheating reactor A during the pressure molding, the high pressure gas and water vapor will not be jetted from the die 7c of the molding machine B.

In the solid fuel thus obtained, since the waste plastic P has been dechlorinated in advance as a raw material, hydrogen chloride is not generated during combustion, and pollution such as foul odors and corrosion of the combustion device etc. It will not cause any of the above, and the usage will greatly expand. Further, since the waste plastic P is mixed in the combustible waste W, the amount of heat generated is high, and the quality is high and the commercial value is high.

In the above embodiment, the paddle screw type was used as the preheating reactor A, but the constitution of the preheating reactor A is not limited to that of the above embodiment, and heating, stirring, Any type may be used as long as it has a mixing / holding function. For example, the preheating reactor A may be a rotary kiln type.

In the above embodiment, the heater 2 is provided in the reactor body 1 to heat and melt the waste plastic P. In other embodiments, the paddle screw 3a is used.
Alternatively, the heater 2 may be incorporated to heat and melt the waste plastic P. In this case, the heating time can be shortened, which is extremely convenient.

In the above embodiment, the preheating reactor A was connected to the molding machine B for molding the solid fuel, but the preheating reactor for melting and solidifying the waste plastic P using the molding machine B having the same structure is used. The reactor A may be connected.

[0030]

As described above, the solid fuel molding apparatus of the present invention comprises a preheating reactor for melting and mixing waste plastic with a preheating reactor and dechlorinating the waste plastic, a combustible waste containing no waste plastic, and a preheating reaction. Since it is composed of a molding machine for stirring and mixing the waste plastic processed by the machine to perform pressure molding, the following effects can be obtained. That is,
Waste plastics are dechlorinated by a preheating reactor and then mixed with combustible wastes to form solid fuels. As a result, the produced solid fuel does not generate hydrogen chloride at the time of combustion, does not cause pollution such as a bad odor, does not cause corrosion of the combustion device, etc., and has a wide range of applications.
However, since this solid fuel is mixed with waste plastic, the solid fuel has a high calorific value and is of high quality and high commercial value. In addition, since hydrogen chloride gas and water vapor are removed from the waste plastic by the preheating reactor, it is possible to operate the molding machine safely without blowing out high-temperature gas or water vapor from the die during molding by the molding machine. it can. Furthermore, since various waste plastics are uniformly and homogeneously mixed in the preheating reactor and then fed into the molding machine, the amount of raw material supplied to the molding machine can be artificially adjusted as in the conventional case, or It is not necessary to operate the molding machine while adjusting the heating temperature of the heater, and the molding machine can be operated easily.
Moreover, since the molten waste plastic pushed into the molding machine is agitated and mixed with the combustible waste in the molding machine, both can be mixed uniformly and a homogeneous molded product can be obtained. In particular, even when the amount of waste plastic mixed is small, both can be mixed uniformly and a homogeneous molded product can be obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a solid fuel molding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention with a part thereof broken away.

[Explanation of symbols]

A is a preheating reactor, B is a molding machine, P is waste plastic, W
Is combustible waste, 1 is the reactor body, 1a is a melting and mixing chamber,
1b is a charging port, 1c is a discharging port, 2 is a heater, 3 is an agitating transfer mechanism, 5 is a cleaning device, 6 is a screw conveyor, 7 is a molding machine main body, 7a is a molding chamber, 7b is a waste charging port, and 7c.
Is a die, 8 is a stirring and pressure transfer mechanism, 8a is a rotating shaft, and 8b.
Is a stirring blade and 8c is a screw blade.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A waste plastic (P) input port (1)
b), a waste plastic (P) melt-mixing chamber (1a) and a melted waste plastic (P) discharge port (1c), respectively, and the waste introduced into the melt-mixing chamber (1a) from the input port (1b). Preheating reactor (A) that melts and mixes plastic (P) and dechlorinates it and discharges it from the discharge port (1c)
And a molding chamber (7a) communicated with a waste input port (7b) of the combustible waste (W) that has been dried other than the waste plastic (P) and an exhaust port (1c) of the preheating reactor (A). And a die (7c) for discharging the combustible waste (W) in the molding chamber (7a) into a predetermined shape and discharging the combustible waste (W) from the waste input port (7b). , A molding machine (B) for extruding from a die (7c) by pressurizing it with stirring and mixing with the molten waste plastic (P) pushed into the molding chamber (7a) from the outlet (1c) of the preheating reactor (A) A solid fuel molding apparatus comprising: 2. The preheating reactor (A) comprises a waste plastic (P) input port (1b), a waste plastic (P) melt mixing chamber (1a) and a molten waste plastic (P) discharge port (1c). And a reactor main body (1) each of which is provided with the reactor main body (1), and the waste plastic (P) in the melt mixing chamber (1a) is set to a temperature at which chlorine can be removed from the waste plastic (P). A heater (2) that heats and melts and a reactor body (1) are provided, and the waste plastic (P) is agitated and mixed, from the waste input port (7b) side to the discharge port (1c).
To the reactor main body (1) and a screw conveyor (6) for pushing the molten waste plastic (P) to the molding machine (B) side, which is connected to the stirring transfer mechanism (3) for transferring to the side and the discharge port (1c). The solid fuel molding apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a cleaning device (5) that is connected to and removes hydrogen chloride generated in the melt mixing chamber (1a). 3. The molding machine (B) is made of waste plastic (P).
Inside the molding chamber (7a) and the molding chamber (7a), which are in communication with the waste input port (7b) of the dried combustible waste (W) other than the above, and the discharge port (1c) of the preheating reactor (A) Die (7c) that discharges combustible waste (W) in a specified shape
And a molding machine main body (7) each provided with a combustible waste (W) while stirring and mixing the combustible waste (W) with the molten waste plastic (P), the waste input port (7b) side From the die to the die (7c) side, and a stirring and pressure transfer mechanism (8) for pressurizing, the stirring and pressure transfer mechanism (8) is a molding chamber (7a) of the molding machine body (7). A rotating shaft (8a) rotatably disposed inside the
The combustible waste (W) attached to the rotating shaft (8a) portion on the b) side and charged from the waste input port (7b) is transferred from the discharge port (1c) of the preheating reactor (A) to the molding chamber ( Stirring blade (8b) that moves to the die (7c) side while stirring and mixing with the molten waste plastic (P) pushed into 7a)
And a screw blade (8c) that is attached to the rotating shaft (8a) portion on the die (7c) side and pressurizes the combustible waste (W) that is agitated and mixed with the waste plastic (P) and pushes it out from the die (7c). The solid fuel molding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the solid fuel molding apparatus is composed of