JP2509652B2 - Methods and equipment for air conditioning in rooms - Google Patents

Description

The invention has a method for air-conditioning a room or space according to the preamble of claim 1 and a new air duct, an air exchanger and a used air duct that are volume-adjusted. An air conditioner for carrying out the method.

Room air conditioning equipment is intended to keep the room temperature at a uniform value, which is considered comfortable, and also to ensure fresh air supply. Air conditioning equipment
You must be in a position to compensate for various significant temperature changes due to the most changed heat sources or heat losses. The heat source, which heats the room during its use, is composed on the one hand by the appliance or machine and on the other hand by the person located in the room. The most important role in the thermal balance of the individual rooms is played by the heat received, for example through the surface of the glass-filled window. Conditioned air exchange is used to reduce the overheat generated by such altered sources. The windows must be kept closed in such buildings in order that the adjustment or control method can be carried out under clearly defined conditions. It is therefore also necessary to provide and integrate a new air supply so that the air in the partially polluted room used can be replaced regularly.

Known room air conditioning equipment includes, for example, new air ducts that introduce fresh air, which is cold compared to room air, directly into the room. Fresh air has a temperature difference of several degrees Celsius compared to room air. A quantity or volume regulator, for example a valve flap, is provided in the intake area into the air-conditioned room. The used air is returned from the room via the used air duct. There are also laminar air exchangers or diffusers for special purposes, for example in operating rooms. In this case, there is a large amount of air exchange that does not take into account the room's inherent dynamic characteristics, as a significant amount of air is passed through the large area diffuser into the room. Heretofore, diffusers with laminar air discharge have not been used for general room air conditioning.

According to the prior art, fresh air is broken into individual jets and, as mentioned above, is blown into the room at high speed and with a relatively high temperature difference compared to the room air. This significant air jet must mix with the room air for a very limited distance in order to reach the desired mixing temperature. The air volume in such a room is circulated very violently, which results in a very disturbed room air flow. These phenomena are the reasons why the known air conditioners are often considered to be uncomfortable in a room where a person spends a long time in the same place, for example sitting and working. Known reasons are airflow and noise as a result of incoming and / or outgoing air. This constitutes a reason for refusing to install air conditioning equipment relatively often.

However, air conditioning equipment has been found to be desirable from other perspectives, especially in offices and stores.

The object of the present invention is to provide a method and a device for air conditioning of rooms or air, or while having both lower energy requirements and lower structural costs compared to known installations. , To improve existing methods and devices so that a significant improvement in the degree of comfort is achieved.

According to the invention, this problem is solved by a method according to claim 1 and an air conditioner according to claim 7.

This method and this device have significant and significant advantages compared to known equipment. First, the comfort properties of this air conditioner are greatly improved in that the person in the room is almost unaware and less likely to be a disadvantage. This is a result of the supply of isothermal fresh air with a limited flow velocity entering the room. The heated room air used automatically rises up the room,
It is removed at this high level. If a relatively high temperature adaptation is required, the heat exchanger can be connected upstream of the diffuser located in the ceiling area so that in this case the fresh air passing from the diffuser into the room is at the heat exchanger. It has already largely compensated for its original temperature gradient compared to the room air. Therefore, fresh air entering the room has no cooling or heating effect. This air is used almost exclusively for the purpose of supplying fresh air and is passed from the top sideways and laminarly into the chamber through the diffuser. The air is then distributed according to the intrinsic dynamics of the room, ie according to the already existing and variable conditions, which in an automatic manner and in the absence of a significant air flow, thus distributing the air flow. Done.

Due to the relatively small amount of air supplied and removed, the supply line requires a relatively small cross section,
This saves space and money. As a result of the division of function, there is a very good total energy requirement,
It is, for example, only about 10% of the requirements of conventional equipment under otherwise identical conditions.

Another advantage of the quiet airflow in the room is that the air in the room is very pure. Turbulence and high flow rates result in less room air pollution.

Instead of some places having the high speeds admitted by the occupants of the room, the new air supply to the room now only takes place on one side at a significantly reduced rate, so There is a very high degree of freedom in supplying things.

Finally, by using a direct heat exchanger configured as a ceiling element, the entire height can be saved. This is because there is no need for a separate air duct in the ceiling area and thus an additional suspended or hanging ceiling. Since no double floor is needed for the air conditioning equipment, this air can be set aside if necessary for other equipment, for example exclusively for electrical installations. As a result of the limited total height of equipment,
The building can take a lower room height, which can significantly improve the use of the building space when the building height is considerable and, in extreme cases, an additional floor. Can be introduced within a given total height.

The adjustment or control of the new air quantity is preferably done by measuring the temperature in the vicinity of the diffuser. Since the diffuser is generally located near the volume measuring device,
The equipment is simple and inexpensive. There is no need for a separate room thermostat or other sensor in the air conditioned room.

Additional additional features and advantages of the present invention can be gathered from the following description.

The invention will be described in greater detail below with reference to preferred embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the attached drawings, FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a room to be air-conditioned, which has the main components of the room air conditioner of the present invention, and FIG. 2 has the arrangement of heat exchangers in the ceiling area, according to FIG. A plan view of the room, FIG. 3 is a cross section 3-3 of FIG. 2, and FIG.

According to the illustrated and illustrated embodiment, an air conditioning installation or device is connected to the new air duct and the used air duct 2 and the volume regulator 3 is arranged in the former. A new air duct 1 and a used air duct 2 are covered by a ceiling 4. The heat exchanger 5 can be provided in the room to be air-conditioned, but in the present invention the heat exchanger is configured as a ceiling element. A separate heat exchanger is not needed if only limited temperature adaptation is required.

As shown in detail in FIG. 2, in this case the new air duct 1 is directly connected to the forward fins 5A of the heat exchanger, the other end of these forward fins ending in the return fin 5B. . The outlets from the return fins 5B are guided in parallel to the diffuser 6, which allows fresh air to flow laminarly from the ceiling into the room, which is directed downwards as indicated by the arrow A. The diffuser 6 is preferably arranged on one side of the room facing the window or front wall 7 of the room. In a relatively large room, it is preferable to place the diffuser in an area close to the aisle, i.e. not in the working or waiting area.

FIG. 3 shows the arrangement of a heat exchanger configured as a ceiling member on the ceiling of the room 8. We can see the structure of the forward and return fins 5A and 5B made as rectangular tubes and their alternating arrangement directly on the ceiling 8 of the room. The shape and size of the heat exchanger, which acts as a static cooling element, sets the average surface temperature of the ceiling, which is about the same as the average room temperature. In the case of very high heat exchange loads, the efficiency of the cooling fins can be increased by enlarging the free surface in the duct.

As shown in the right part of FIG. 3, in the so-called high working area, the forward fins 5A and the return fins 5B are provided with small air exchange openings, for example slits 9, whereby the fin walls and the heat exchanger The heat exchange process with the air in the room surrounding the fins in the vicinity is facilitated. At this point there is never a direct supply of fresh air to the working or waiting area of the room. In fact, there is a kind of micro-flow exclusively in the surface area of the fins, which improves the efficiency of the heat exchanger 6.

The new air sent from the new air duct 1 through the volume adjuster 3 to the forward fins 5A of the heat exchanger 5 loses part of its temperature gradient compared to the room air which has gone through the heat exchanger fins. The heat exchanger fins are preferably made of metal or some other heat conducting material. In addition, the heat potential is transferred from the fresh air through the heat exchanger to the room air over the return fins 5B on the return path of the heat exchanger. Return fin
At the exit from 5B, as described above, new air that is almost adapted to the room air temperature is sent to the room through the diffuser 6. The fresh air passing from the diffuser into the room should differ from the room temperature in the work area by up to about 1 ° C. The rate at which fresh air exits the diffuser is about 0.15 m / sec. Therefore, the discharge speed of the new air sent to the room with the conventional air conditioning equipment is about 1 to 3 m.
much lower than / sec.

The fresh air flowing out of the diffuser 6 flows downward into the room, where it becomes the supply of fresh air. As a result of the various heat sources being distributed over the room, fresh air flows horizontally to the heat sources and is heated by the heat sources and flows vertically to the ceiling, where it is along the ceiling elements and the duct 2 for used air. Flows to Exit 10.

The hot air stream directed upwards is introduced from the fresh air emerging from the diffuser 6 into a feed air stream which is branched directly laterally. This results in a relatively large flow rotation, which causes virtually no turbulence and instead develops the dynamics inherent in the room, thus helping the mainstream present in the room. Such mainstream branches into various heat sources,
New air flowing downwards from the diffuser 6, new airflow directed towards the front wall side, upwards flow in the front wall region promoted by natural heating through the windows, along the heat exchanger 5 of the room This is the return flow in the ceiling area towards the air outlet 10. Despite the introduction of substantially laminar fresh air into the room, there is very good air exchange throughout the room. This can be attributed mainly to the measures mentioned for the optimal utilization of the room's intrinsic dynamics.

Air conditioning can be done both with the intention of cooling and heating the room, or with sub-isothermal operation for ventilation purposes. It may be appropriate to supply separate hot air and fresh air streams to the system, especially during heating, to carry out these conditioned air mixing in the diffuser region. As shown in FIG. 4, the mixing bypasses the heat exchanger 5.
Done in. Fresh air, for example at a low temperature of 12 ° C, is supplied directly to the bypass. 38 over the heat exchanger 5, for example
Air at ℃ is supplied. In the diffuser 6, there is a controlled mix of 21 ° C to obtain a room temperature of 22 ° C. This adjustment or control is performed by a temperature sensor near the diffuser 6 that cooperates with the control valve 21 of the bypass 20 and the adjusting device 23.
22 and switches the motor 24 of the control valve 21 in a temperature-dependent manner.

Due to the combination of the static cooling surface of the heat exchanger 5 and the laminar air inflow through the diffuser 6, as well as the use of unique kinetics for the new air supply of the room, the air velocity of the room which is not conditioned Results in a low room air velocity comparable to, and a uniform room air temperature distribution in the work area. The device operates at a very low noise level and can be used even at high heat loads, especially if the heat exchanger fins are provided with the aforementioned micro-openings 9 to improve heat exchange. No additional ducts or equipment lines are needed in the room. The height of the heat exchanger fin is typically about
Being 15 cm, it can be stored without changing the normal room height in an unconditioned room. Therefore, double ceilings that are required to have additional room height in conventional air conditioning equipment are not needed. The levels of contaminants in the room air are very high as a result of the inherent dynamic room air flow, which occurs substantially from top to bottom, while substantially avoiding crossflow with contaminated air. Kept low.

The adjustment of the new air supply by the volume adjuster 3 is performed in order to keep the outlet temperature of the diffuser 6 constant. According to a preferred embodiment, the temperature of the primary air, ie the fresh air supplied in the fresh air duct 1, is + 12 ° C.,
On the other hand, the used air in the used air duct 2 is + 27 ° C.
The temperature of the room is then + 24 ° C. Therefore, the temperature difference between the primary air and the used air is in this case 15 ° C. However, in the well-known air conditioning equipment that directs the cooled new air directly into the room, maximum 8
There is a temperature difference between 0 ° C and 10 ° C, which results in a relatively large turbulence of the air and thus a relatively high flow rate in the working area, which is an unpleasant and disturbing side effect.

The desired outlet temperature, and thus the room temperature, is achieved through automatic volume flow adaptation, ie by temperature-volume cascade control. A system-controlled thermometer, optionally with a converter, is integrated in the laminar flow diffuser 6. The regulation or control system operates according to the principles of the variable volume flow system VVS.

By arranging the heat exchanger 5 directly on the ceiling 8 on the building side, for example by using the assembly rail 13 according to FIG. 3, a ceiling having a heat storage capacity can be directly incorporated into the heat exchange system. This gives an additional stabilizing effect on the entire system and on its regulation system and increases the heat exchange efficiency.

As a modification of the preferred embodiment described, the heat exchanger can be located at any other suitable location in the room. Here again, the fresh air supplied via the fresh air duct 1 first passes through the heat exchanger and only then is it introduced into the room after it has been heated to substantially room temperature.

Although a good heat conducting material, eg metal, floats on as the material used for the heat exchanger 5, the heat exchanger can also be made of other materials, eg plastic.

The use of such an air conditioner is not limited to the offices and shops mentioned above. Said device can be advantageously used in the laboratory or production room to be tested, where it is necessary to have a balanced climatic condition, in particular a constant temperature.

Claims (14)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method of air conditioning a room by adjusting the amount of fresh air supplied to the room and removing spent air from the upper room air layer, wherein at least approximately room-isothermal fresh air is provided. A method characterized by directing laminar flow from a clearly demarcated ceiling region at a flow rate that helps to form the inherent dynamic partial flow of the room corresponding to the various heat sources present in the room. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that fresh air is supplied in the ceiling area near the inner wall of the room facing the front wall. 3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that fresh air is supplied in the ceiling area close to the aisles. 4. According to the law of variable volume flow system, the maximum volume flow is adjusted according to the maximum expected temperature to compensate the load of the room and the minimum new air volume flow is adjusted according to the hygienic conditions of the room air, Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature guidance for the volumetric flow regulator is carried out from the region of the laminar flow diffuser. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, when a minimum volume flow of the room and a reduced heat load are reached, there is a temperature increase for the minimum volume flow with subsequent control. 6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the volumetric flow regulator is set to a maximum limit for a new air outlet velocity from the laminar flow diffuser (6) of up to 0.15 m / sec.
By the method. 7. A new volumetric duct for air, an air outlet and a duct for used air are used to regulate the amount of new air supplied to the room and to remove the used air from the upper room air layer. In an air conditioner for air conditioning of a room, the heat exchanger (5) is connected to a new air duct (1) in the ceiling area, the diffuser (6) is connected downstream of the heat exchanger, and From there, new air, brought to the temperature of the room in the heat exchanger, is directed into the room from top to bottom in a substantially laminar flow, passing above the room along the heat exchanger (5). Device, characterized in that the air in the room of the area is subsequently passed through a used air outlet (10) located in the ceiling area. 8. A fin-shaped ceiling member is used as a heat exchanger (5) and comprises parallel, alternating advancing fins (5A) and return fins (5B), said advancing fins being new air ducts (1). Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the return fins end together at the diffuser (6). 9. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that a fresh air bypass (20) is provided in connection with the heat exchanger (5) and flows out together with the heat exchanger into the diffuser (6). 10. The fresh air bypass (20) is provided with a regulating valve (21), the associated regulator (23) being dependent on a temperature sensor (22) in the vicinity of the diffuser (6). Device according to claim 9, characterized. 11. A device (13) for mounting a heat-conducting device directly to a building-side ceiling (8) on a ceiling element.
A device according to claim 8, characterized in that 12. The ceiling member comprises a metal rectangular tube arranged in a thin plate shape, and the rectangular tube is provided with a device (13) for mounting the ceiling (8) end to end. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that 13. A ceiling element formed by tubular fins (5A, 5B) is provided, and an opening (9) is provided in the downwardly directed wall region of the tubular fin, by means of which opening the fin wall and the fin wall are exclusively provided. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that an enhanced heat exchange with the air of the nearby room is triggered. 14. The diffuser (6) is characterized in that it is provided with means for direct connection to the heat exchanger on one side of the room facing the window or front wall (7). Device according to range 7.