JP2502139B2 - Seawater filter - Google Patents
Seawater filterInfo
- Publication number
- JP2502139B2 JP2502139B2 JP32721588A JP32721588A JP2502139B2 JP 2502139 B2 JP2502139 B2 JP 2502139B2 JP 32721588 A JP32721588 A JP 32721588A JP 32721588 A JP32721588 A JP 32721588A JP 2502139 B2 JP2502139 B2 JP 2502139B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- filter
- layer
- seawater
- zooplankton
- filter medium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 （産業上の利用分野） 本発明は、水産関連分野の栽培漁業において大量種苗
生産の際に使用する海水を浄化するための海水用濾過装
置に関する。Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a seawater filtration device for purifying seawater used for large-scale seedling production in aquaculture related fisheries.
（従来の技術） 沿岸漁業の振興育成を目指す栽培漁業では、自然界で
減耗の多い有用水産生物の稚魚、稚貝等は、自然界にて
充分生きていける大きさになるまで大量種苗生産技術に
より人的管理の保護のもとで過ごさせ、のちこの種苗を
自然界に放流しその後の成長は自然の生産力に妥ね、成
長魚貝の捕獲を図っている。(Conventional technology) In the cultivation fishery aiming at promotion and promotion of coastal fishery, fry, oysters, etc., which are useful aquatic products that have a lot of depletion in the natural world, are produced by large-scale seedling production technology until they are large enough to survive in the natural world. The seeds and seedlings are released to the natural world after being allowed to live under the protection of physical management, and the subsequent growth compromises the natural productivity and captures the growing fish and shellfish.
あわび、うに等の稚貝は種苗板上でケイソウを餌とし
て飼育される。種苗板飼育の際には外敵等から種苗を遮
るため、砂濾過装置により原海水を濾過して清浄海水と
し、種苗用水に使用している。通常、砂濾過装置は砂ま
たはアンスラサイトの濾材粒子の単層の構成である。Juveniles such as abalone and sea urchins are bred on seedlings with diatoms as food. In order to shield seedlings from foreign enemies when raising seedlings, raw seawater is filtered by a sand filter to make clean seawater, which is used as seedling water. Generally, sand filters are constructed of a single layer of sand or anthracite filter media particles.
（発明が解決しようとする課題） 種苗板飼育中に、あらび、うにの稚貝が種苗板から脱
落、斃死するなどの被害を受けることがある。砂層濾過
では濾材粒子間隙より格段に小さい水中微粒子も除去さ
れるが、原海水中には多量のプランクトンが含まれ、そ
のうち特に自泳力を有する動物性プランクトン、例えば
チグリオプスは濾層にもぐり込んで濾過清浄海水にリー
クすることがあり、これは種苗板に付着しているケイソ
ウを食餌し種苗板上にて活発に活動するため、同じくケ
イソウを餌にするあわび、うにの稚貝は食餌できなくな
ってしまい脱落、斃死するに到るのが、その原因と考え
られる。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) During breeding of seedlings, larvae and sea urchin fry may fall off the seedlings and may be damaged. In the sand layer filtration, fine particles in water much smaller than the pores of the filter medium are also removed, but raw seawater contains a large amount of plankton, and among them, zooplankton, which has a swimming ability, such as tigliops, digs into the filter layer to clean it. It may leak into seawater, which feeds on diatoms attached to the seedling board and is active on the seedling board, so the abalone and sea urchin fry that also feed on diatoms cannot eat. It is thought that the cause is that they drop out and die.
本発明は、濾過装置の濾過精度を向上させて、チグリ
オプス（大きさ1mm前後）で代表される大形動物性プラ
ンクトンの濾層中へのもぐり込みを阻止することがで
き、そのリークを防止できるようにすることを目的とす
る。このような種苗に対して有害となるチグリオプスで
代表される動物性プランクトンのリークを防止できる濾
過が可能となれば栽培漁業に資することが大である。INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can improve the filtration accuracy of the filtration device and prevent the large zooplankton typified by tigliops (size of about 1 mm) from digging into the filter layer and prevent the leakage. The purpose is to do so. If filtration that can prevent the leakage of zooplankton typified by tigliops, which is harmful to seeds and seedlings, is possible, it will greatly contribute to the cultivation and fishing industry.
（課題を解決するための手段） 従来技術の有効径0.6mm程度の通常粒径濾材の砂濾過
装置ではチグリオプスに代表される動物性プランクトン
のもぐり込みの阻止には役立たない欠陥があることが判
明したので、当初は動物性プランクトンのサイズとの比
較において濾材間の孔隙通路を狭くするため、濾材粒径
を可能な限り小さいものを使用して濾過精度を上げるこ
とを試みた。しかし、瀘材粒径を小さくすることには限
界がある。例えば、通常瀘材の硅砂を使用する場合に
は、比重が約2.65であり、濾過継続により濾層が汚染し
たときの濾材洗浄の面からは、濾材粒子の有効径0.4mm
以下にすると充分な洗浄が行えなくなる怖れがあり、濾
材粒径を極端に小さくできない。(Means for Solving the Problem) It was found that the conventional sand filter with a normal-size filter medium having an effective diameter of about 0.6 mm has a defect that is not useful for preventing the zooplankton digging represented by tigliops. Therefore, in order to narrow the pore passage between the filter media in comparison with the size of zooplankton, we tried to improve the filtration accuracy by using the filter media with the smallest possible particle size. However, there is a limit to reducing the particle size of the filter material. For example, when using silica as a normal filter material, the specific gravity is about 2.65, and from the aspect of cleaning the filter material when the filter layer is contaminated by continuous filtration, the effective diameter of the filter material particles is 0.4 mm.
If the amount is below, there is a fear that sufficient cleaning cannot be performed, and the filter medium particle size cannot be extremely reduced.
このため、瀘材洗浄に充分な配慮を払い、濾材を比重
の約3.95と重いガーネット（ざくろ石）を使用し、有効
径0.28mmとして実験を実施した。しかしこれでもやは
り、チグリオプスに代表される動物性プランクトンのリ
ークが認められた。Therefore, due consideration was given to the cleaning of the filter material, and an experiment was conducted with an effective diameter of 0.28 mm, using a heavy garnet (garnet) with a specific gravity of about 3.95 as the filter material. However, even after this, a leak of zooplankton typified by tigliops was observed.
本発明はこれら試行錯誤の技術的限界の問題に解決を
与えるものであって、種類の異なる濾材の間において比
較的小比重で大径の粒子の濾材の濾層と大比重で小径の
粒子の濾材の濾層とは、逆流洗浄時の同じ上昇水流速度
のもとで流動化する場合の濾層の展開率を均等にするこ
とができること、両種濾材を用いて濾層を形成すれば逆
流洗浄流動化後の沈静時には両種濾材粒子が相互に入り
混じった混合層が全層高にわたりあるいはその部分層と
して形成され得ること、この混層では大径粒子の間隙に
小径粒子が入り込んで粒子間隙が狭くなり濾過精度が顕
著に向上し、チグリオプスに代表される大形動物性プラ
ンクトンの侵入はここで阻止されることに想到してなさ
れたものである。The present invention provides a solution to the problems of the technical limits of these trial and error, in which a filter layer of a filter medium having a relatively small specific gravity and a large diameter and a filter layer having a large specific gravity and a small diameter are provided between different types of filter media. The filter layer of the filter medium means that the development rate of the filter layer can be made uniform when fluidizing under the same rising water flow rate during backwashing. At the time of settling after washing and fluidizing, a mixed layer in which both kinds of filter media particles are mixed with each other can be formed over the entire height or as a partial layer thereof. Was narrowed, the filtration accuracy was remarkably improved, and the invasion of large zooplankton typified by tigliops was prevented here.
この着想に基づいて、有効径0.6mmの硅砂（比重2.6
5）と有効径0.28mmのガーネット（比重3.95）を選定し
各体積比50％として濾材支持層上に充填し、濾材洗浄を
充分に行ったのち、原海水の濾過実験を行ったところ、
動物性プランクトンのリークは認められなかった。Based on this idea, silica sand with an effective diameter of 0.6 mm (specific gravity 2.6
5) and garnet with an effective diameter of 0.28 mm (specific gravity 3.95) were selected and filled on the filter medium support layer in a volume ratio of 50%, and after thoroughly washing the filter medium, a raw seawater filtration experiment was conducted.
No zooplankton leak was observed.
これらを総合して、本発明の海水用濾過装置は、構成
としては、複数種類の相互に比重が異なりかつ逆流洗浄
時の展開率がほぼ均等な値をとる濾材を混合することに
より単一混合濾層を形成したことを特徴とする。In summary, the seawater filtration device of the present invention has a single mixture by mixing a plurality of types of filter media having mutually different specific gravities and having a development rate during backwashing that is substantially equal. It is characterized in that a filter layer is formed.
本明細書において、『逆流洗浄時の展開率』とは、次
に説明する内容のものをいう。すなわち、濾過装置の濾
材は逆流洗浄時に洗浄水によって巻き上げられ、見かけ
上の濾材高さが高くなる。その『見かけ上の濾材高さの
増加分』の『通水していない時の濾材高さ』に対する比
率を『逆流洗浄時の展開率』という。例えば、高さ100c
mに積まれた濾材があり、その濾材の逆流洗浄時の高さ
が120cmであったとすると、逆流洗浄時に増加した高さ
は20cmとなるので、逆流洗浄時の展開率は、（20/100）
×100＝20（％）となる。In the present specification, the "developing rate at the time of backwashing" refers to the content described below. That is, the filter medium of the filtration device is rolled up by the wash water during backwashing, and the apparent height of the filter medium increases. The ratio of the "apparent increase in the height of the filter media" to the "height of the filter media when water is not flowing" is called the "deployment ratio during backwashing". For example, height 100c
If there is a filter medium piled up in m and the height of the filter medium during backwashing is 120 cm, the height increased during backwashing is 20 cm, so the expansion rate during backwashing is (20/100 )
× 100 = 20 (%).
（作用） 上記のように、本発明により、濾過装置に使用する濾
材を、比重の異なりかつ逆流洗浄時の展開率がほぼ同じ
値をとる有効径の複数の濾材を選定し濾層を形成した場
合、その濾層は全層に亘り混層となり、大きい粒子の硅
砂の間に小さい粒子のガーネットが入り込み、単一濾層
にてその粒径を小さくする場合よりも、濾層間隙が小さ
くなり、濾過精度が向上する。(Operation) As described above, according to the present invention, a plurality of filter media having different effective densities and having effective diameters having different specific gravities and developing rates at the time of backwashing are selected to form a filter layer according to the present invention. In that case, the filter layer becomes a mixed layer over all layers, garnet of small particles enters between silica particles of large particles, the filter layer gap becomes smaller than in the case of reducing the particle size in a single filter layer, Filtration accuracy is improved.
この場合、形成される混層の範囲は必ずしも全層であ
る必要なく、全層に対して25％以上であれば、動物性プ
ランクトンのリークを防止することができる程度の濾過
精度の向上が得られる。In this case, the range of the mixed layer to be formed does not necessarily have to be the entire layer, and if it is 25% or more with respect to the entire layer, the improvement of the filtration accuracy to the extent that the leakage of zooplankton can be prevented can be obtained. .
（実施例） 以下、本発明の海水用濾過装置を実施例により添付模
式図を参照して一層具体的に説明する。(Examples) Hereinafter, the seawater filtration device of the present invention will be described more specifically by way of examples with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings.
濾過装置（１）の器内には、器底の集水装置（２）の
上の濾材支持層（３）上に、濾材として有効径0.6mmの
硅砂（４）と有効径0.28mmのガーネット（５）とが体積
比50:50で充填され濾層（６）を形成する。図は逆洗後
の沈静状態を示し、両濾材は混層を形成し硅砂（４）の
隙間にガーネット（５）が入り込んで通水間隙が狭めら
れている。原海水（７）は濾層（６）上に流入し濾層
（６）を下降流通過する間に濾過され、混層による濾過
精度の向上により動物性プランクトンのリークは起こら
ず、支持層（３）、集水装置（２）を通過して実質的に
無動物性プランクトンの清浄濾過海水（８）として導出
される。Inside the filtration device (1), on the filter medium support layer (3) above the water collection device (2) at the bottom of the filter, silica sand (4) with an effective diameter of 0.6 mm as a filter medium and garnet with an effective diameter of 0.28 mm were used. And (5) are packed in a volume ratio of 50:50 to form a filter layer (6). The figure shows a calm state after backwashing, in which both filter media form a mixed layer and the garnet (5) enters the gap of the silica sand (4) to narrow the water passage gap. Raw seawater (7) is filtered while flowing into the filter layer (6) and passing through the filter layer (6) in a descending flow, and due to the improvement of the filtering accuracy due to the mixed layer, leakage of zooplankton does not occur, and the support layer (3) ), Is passed through the water collecting device (2) and is discharged as the substantially filtered zooplankton-free seawater (8).
（発明の効果） 本発明による濾材構成を採用した濾過装置では、チグ
リオプスに代表される動物性プランクトンの成虫を除去
できるため、動物性プランクトンの圧倒的に少ない濾過
処理水を得ることができ、栽培漁業においては栽培種苗
の歩留りが上昇し、その生産性の向上に貢献することが
できる。(Effect of the invention) In the filtration device adopting the filter medium structure according to the present invention, since adult zooplankton typified by tigliops can be removed, it is possible to obtain overwhelmingly little filtered water of zooplankton for cultivation. In the fishery, the yield of cultivated seeds and seeds is increased, which can contribute to the improvement of productivity.
添付図は、本発明の実施例の海水用濾過装置を模式的に
示す縦断側面図である。 （１）……濾過装置、（２）……集水装置、（３）……
濾材支持層、（４）……硅砂、（５）……ガーネット、
（６）……濾層、（７）……原海水、（８）……濾過海
水。The attached drawing is a longitudinal side view schematically showing a seawater filtration device according to an embodiment of the present invention. (1) …… Filtration device, (2) …… Water collection device, (3) ……
Filter medium support layer, (4) …… silica, (5) …… garnet,
(6) ... Filter layer, (7) ... Raw seawater, (8) ... Filtered seawater.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 井出哲夫編著「水処理工学−理論と応 用−」第１版（昭57−６−30）技報堂出 版株式会社Ｐ．105 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References “Water Treatment Engineering-Theory and Application”, edited by Tetsuo Ide, 1st edition (Sho 57-6-30) Gihodo edition P.P. 105
Claims (1)
浄時の展開率がほぼ均等な値をとる濾材を混合すること
により単一混合濾層を形成したことを特徴とする海水用
濾過装置。1. A seawater filter device, characterized in that a single mixed filter layer is formed by mixing a plurality of types of filter media having mutually different specific gravities and having development rates substantially equal during backflow cleaning. .
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP32721588A JP2502139B2 (en) | 1988-12-23 | 1988-12-23 | Seawater filter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP32721588A JP2502139B2 (en) | 1988-12-23 | 1988-12-23 | Seawater filter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02172504A JPH02172504A (en) | 1990-07-04 |
| JP2502139B2 true JP2502139B2 (en) | 1996-05-29 |
Family
ID=18196599
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP32721588A Expired - Lifetime JP2502139B2 (en) | 1988-12-23 | 1988-12-23 | Seawater filter |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2502139B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5046013B2 (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2012-10-10 | 財団法人塩事業センター | Seawater filtration device for salt production |
-
1988
- 1988-12-23 JP JP32721588A patent/JP2502139B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 井出哲夫編著「水処理工学−理論と応用−」第１版（昭５７−６−３０）技報堂出版株式会社Ｐ．１０５ |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH02172504A (en) | 1990-07-04 |
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